JP3834581B2 - Organic matter processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to carbonization technology for recycling various types of waste as fertilizer, and more specifically, organic residues generated by agriculture, forestry and fisheries, for example, sawdust used for shiitake cultivation, etc. Residues from rice husks, fruit trees and deforestation, residue from fish ara, etc., and carbonization of organic residues such as residues generated during food industry production, especially tofu production, liquor production, coffee beverage production and its carbides The present invention relates to carbonized fertilizer production technology that has been subjected to microbial treatment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a technique for fertilizing livestock waste such as chicken dung and cow dung, a dry heat carbonization technique is known.
As this dry heat type carbonization technique, there is a carbonization apparatus (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-166585) as shown in FIG. That is, the sun-dried livestock waste 17 is put into a dryer 18 to adjust the water concentration, and then pulverized by a pulverizer 19. The refined livestock waste 17 is supplied to a fluidized bed carbonization furnace 21 by a screw feeder 20. Then, the livestock waste 17 supplied to the fluidized bed carbonization furnace 21 is blown and floated by the air sent by the flow blower 22 and discharged from the carbide discharge port 23.
Further, the finer carbide mixed with the cracked gas is collected by the dust collector 24, mixed with the carbide discharged from the carbide discharge port 23, and stored in the product bit 25.
On the other hand, cracked gas or the like is sent to the deodorizing furnace 26 and is released to the atmosphere through the heat exchanger 27.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The prior art described above has the following problems.
The above-described prior art is a large-scale device as a whole, requires a large site area, and is a high-cost device. For this reason, it is an apparatus suitable for a specialized industrial waste disposal contractor.
At present, however, there is a growing social demand for agricultural operators and food processors themselves to dispose of industrial waste under their responsibility. In particular, there is a strong demand for organic residues having problems such as rot and bad odor.
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide an organic matter processing apparatus in which a business operator can self-dispose organic residues discharged in the process of agriculture and industry and can effectively recycle the organic residues.
In addition, currently produced carbonized organic residue generated by agriculture or the like is carbonized as in the above-mentioned conventional technology. It is easy to handle because it has advantages such as no degrading, easily decomposable substance components that hinder germination and plant growth, and low moisture content and hardly change in quality. Therefore, agricultural fertilizer is mainly used.
In addition, the carbonized fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and the like, which are active fertilizer components, and is excellent in water retention due to its porous structure. In addition, the pores formed on the surface and inside thereof are used as a soil improvement material in order to promote the adsorption of various fertilizer components and activate the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of the above-described conventional technology is to carbonize livestock waste to be useful as an agricultural fertilizer or soil conditioner.
However, on the other hand, there is a new problem that the carbonized fertilizer itself, which is porous and excellent in air permeability, provides a suitable growth environment for aerobic bacteria harmful to soil.
Therefore, the present invention was created to solve the problems that cannot be solved by the above prior art, and its second purpose is to suppress the growth of bacteria harmful to the soil while taking advantage of the above-mentioned advantages of carbides, An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonized fertilizer capable of controlling the microbial environment, that is, a carbonized fertilizer having a soil purification function and an organic matter treatment apparatus capable of producing the carbonized fertilizer.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the following means are adopted.
That is, in claim 1, the pretreatment unit for adjusting the moisture content by drying the first organic residue with hot air, the particle size adjusting unit for adjusting the particle size by crushing the pretreated organic residue, and the drying step in the upper stage Processed by a dry heat carbonization processing unit in which the steps are arranged in two layers, a gas combustion processing unit for combustion processing the gas discharged from the pretreatment unit and the dry heat carbonization processing unit, and the dry heat carbonization processing unit a organic matter processing apparatus means having a fast fermentation units microbial material to have been carbides are fermented by mixing a second organic residue is admixed, prior SL gas combustion treatment unit, the dry heat carbonizing A primary combustion process for burning dry distillation gas generated from the heat treatment process of the unit, and water vapor generated from the drying process of the pretreatment unit and the dry heat carbonization unit. Wherein a primary combustion process by mixing the dry distillation gas is burned in intends rows secondary combustion step of performing an emulsion combustion organic matter processing apparatus means.
Further, in claim 2, wherein the SL second organic residues, low temperature bacteria, mesophilic and claim 1 Symbol placement of organic matter treatment system unit characterized in that it is processed by predetermined microbial material composed of the thermophilic bacterium It is.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an overall flow of one embodiment of an organic matter processing apparatus according to the present invention. The outline of the processing steps of the present embodiment will be described based on FIG. 1. The first organic residue 1 to be processed by the organic matter processing apparatus is accumulated in the processing yard 4. The first organic residue 1 is charged into a dry heat carbonization unit 7 through a pretreatment unit 5 and a particle size adjustment unit 6 for adjusting the water content and the like, and carbonized. After cooling, the carbide 3 is mixed with the second organic residue 2 pretreated by the microbial material 10 and processed by the high-speed fermentation unit 9 to obtain a carbide fertilizer 16 as a target product. In addition, the water vapor discharged from the pretreatment unit 4 and the water vapor and dry distillation gas discharged from the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7 are recombusted in the gas combustion processing unit 8 to be made pollution-free.
Here, the first organic residue 1 is the residue of the cultivation base residue and sawdust used for shiitake cultivation, rice husks generated during rice milling, residues from fruit trees and deforestation, residues such as fish ara, It consists of materials such as dry materials, weeds, agricultural building materials, food industry production, especially tofu production, liquor production, and residue generated during coffee beverage production.
Hereinafter, this embodiment constitutes the first half of the process part (hereinafter referred to as “primary process part”) up to the carbonization process and the second half of the process part after carbonization (hereinafter referred to as “secondary process part”). The contents of each unit will be described.
FIG. 2: has shown the whole schematic diagram of the apparatus which comprises the primary process part of the organic substance processing apparatus based on the Example.
As shown in FIG. 2, the primary process portion of the organic matter processing apparatus is roughly constituted by a preprocessing unit 5, a particle size adjustment unit 6, a dry heat carbonization processing unit 7, and a gas combustion processing unit 8.
First, the pretreatment unit 5 is a process necessary for increasing the carbonization efficiency in the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7 in the subsequent process, and mainly heats the first organic residue 1 to be treated to reduce the water content. It is a unit for adjusting.
The pretreatment unit 5 includes a charging hopper 51, a crushing screw device 52, a hot air chamber 53 provided with a temperature sensor, a conveyor 54 disposed in the hot air chamber 53, a drive unit 55 of the conveyor 54, and a heat transmission chamber 56. And a water vapor guiding path 57, a hot air conducting path 58, and an exhaust unit (not shown).
The first organic residue 1 is charged into the hot air chamber 53 from the charging hopper 51 through the crushing screw device 52 placed vertically. Moreover, the hot air sent into the hot air chamber 53 uses the heat generated in the dry heat carbonization unit 7 as a heat source. That is, the heat generated in the heat treatment process chamber 73 of the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7 is sent into the hot air chamber 53 through the hot air conduction path 58 and the heat transfer chamber 56.
The temperature of the hot air chamber 53 is maintained at a set temperature by a temperature sensor (not shown) and a control unit (not shown) that controls the temperature by processing the detected signal with a microcomputer.
The temperature in the hot air chamber 53 is normally set to 250 ° C. The exposure time of the hot air is set according to the moisture content of the first organic residue 1 so that the moisture content is about 20% when the material is discharged from the pretreatment unit 5.
Further, a large amount of water vapor generated by the combustion treatment of the pretreatment unit 5 is guided to the gas combustion treatment unit 8 by the exhaust unit via the water vapor induction path 57 and is burnt most (described later).
Next, the material whose water content is adjusted by about 20% by the pretreatment unit 5 is moved to the particle size adjustment unit 6 via the belt conveyor 54 driven by the drive unit 55.
Here, the reason for controlling the particle size of the processing material is that the time and temperature required for dry heat in the carbonization processing unit 7 as the next step are minimized, thereby reducing the running cost and uncarbonizing. This is for prevention. That is, if the material to be treated is solidified at the time of carbonization treatment, the coal is often discharged in an uncarbonized state. Moreover, since excessive heat energy is required to prevent it, it is not economical.
Therefore, the processing material is atomized by the particle size adjusting unit 6 in advance to increase the surface area so that the dry heat treatment effectively acts on the entire processing material.
As shown in FIG. 2, the particle size adjusting unit 6 includes a material input port (not shown), a stirrer 61, a material stacking unit 62, a discharge amount adjusting screw 63, and a belt conveyor 64.
The material to be treated whose water content has been adjusted by the pretreatment unit 5 is introduced into the particle size adjustment unit 6 from a material input port (not shown), and is agitated by a hammer mill type agitator 61 to obtain a material accumulation unit 62. Is accumulated. Then, a substantially constant amount of material is moved to the dry heat carbonization unit 7 by the belt conveyor 64 by the discharge amount adjusting screw 63.
Here, the particle size at the time of discharge from the particle size adjusting unit 6 is suppressed to about 6 m / m or less.
The pretreatment unit 5 and the particle size adjustment unit 6 can be omitted when the amount of the first organic residue 1 to be treated is small. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, depending on the amount of the first organic residue 1, the configuration of the entire apparatus can obtain the target carbonized fertilizer 16 (see FIG. 4) only with the apparatus after the dry heat carbonization unit 7 described below. Therefore, it is possible to provide a compact and economical organic residue treatment apparatus. In other words, this is an embodiment of the organic residue treatment apparatus that can select the configuration of the organic residue treatment apparatus suitable for the business scale.
Next, the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7 (see FIG. 2) includes an input port 71, a drying process chamber 72, a heat treatment process chamber 73, a coal outlet 74, a steam discharge path 75, and a dry distillation gas discharge path 76. It consists of.
The material to be processed whose particle size is adjusted by the particle size adjusting unit 6 is input from the input port 71. The charging port 71 is provided with a stirring screw (not shown). The steam of the processing material is blown off by the effect of the stirring screw, and the steam is sent to the gas combustion processing unit 8 through the steam discharge path 75.
Inside the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7, a drying process chamber 72 is arranged in the upper stage, and a heat treatment process chamber 73 is arranged in the lower stage. In this way, it can be used effectively even with a small site area.
The material from which the water vapor has been partially removed at the input port 71 is first dried while moving in the drying process chamber 72. Water vapor generated during the drying process is also guided to the gas combustion processing unit 8 through the steam discharge path 75.
Subsequently, the material that has been subjected to the drying process is heat-treated by moving through a heat treatment process chamber 73 arranged in the lower stage of the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7. During this heat treatment, a large amount of dry distillation gas is generated due to a chemical reaction of thermal decomposition. As described above, since the water vapor generated from the processing material has already been induced to the gas combustion processing unit 8, the heat treatment step In the chamber 73, generation of water vapor smoke can be suppressed.
The temperature condition inside the dry heat carbonization unit 7 is set to about 430 ° C. However, it should be noted that the set temperature needs to be changed depending on the outside air temperature. In the experiment, when the outside air temperature was −5 ° C. in a cold region, a temperature setting of about 550 ° C. was optimum.
The carbonized material, that is, the carbide 3 is automatically discharged from the coal outlet 74 and stored in the bucket. The moisture content of the material at this time is suppressed to 5% or less.
The gas combustion processing unit 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIG. 3 which is an enlarged view of the gas combustion processing unit according to the present embodiment.
In the primary process portion of the organic matter processing apparatus in the present embodiment, gas is generated because there is a combustion or drying process. That is, steam generated in the pretreatment unit 5, steam discharged from the drying process chamber 72 of the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7, and dry distillation gas discharged from the heat treatment process chamber 73 of the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7.
An apparatus for making these gases pollution-free and discharging them to the atmosphere is a gas combustion processing unit 8.
The gas combustion processing unit 8 includes a primary combustion chamber 81, a secondary combustion chamber 82, a dry distillation gas inlet 83, a water vapor inlet 84, an air intake 85, a burner 86, and a spray scrubber 87. And a discharge port 88 and an environment detector 89.
First, in the primary combustion chamber 81, the air that is derived from the air intake port 85 is used as the dry distillation gas (mixed gas composed of SOx, NOx, COx, etc.) discharged from the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7, Reburn with the heat of the burner 86. The temperature conditions are set to 300 to 350 ° C. in the primary combustion chamber 81 and the outlet temperature of the primary combustion chamber 81 is set to about 140 ° C. In the primary combustion chamber 81, desulfurization and denitration are performed by a reaction using a catalyst of a panadium titanium monoxide system and a chemical reaction using lime.
Next, in the secondary combustion chamber 82, the combustion gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 81 is exposed to the water vapor introduced from the water vapor inlet 84 and reheated, so-called secondary combustion by emulsion combustion. Do.
Here, in the emulsion combustion, the contact area between the particles and air is increased by atomizing the particles using the explosive action of water vapor, thereby facilitating complete combustion under a low oxygen concentration. That is, the residual carbon content is completely combusted.
In addition, emulsion combustion has the effect of improving the thermal efficiency and making the combustion temperature uniform and lowering the overall combustion temperature. Therefore, the generation of NOx and SOx caused by nitrogen and sulfur in the burned dry distillation gas is prevented. Can be suppressed.
Further, the gas that has been subjected to secondary combustion by emulsion combustion is sprayed with high-pressure steam by a spray scrubber 87, processed to a state close to vapor smoke as much as possible, and released to the atmosphere through inspection by the environment detector 89.
Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 which shows the process flow of the high-speed fermentation unit which concerns on a present Example, and FIG. 5 which shows the internal structure of the same high-speed fermentation unit, The central high-speed fermentation unit 9 will be described.
In the dry heat carbonization processing unit 7, the carbonized material, that is, the carbide 3 is automatically discharged from the coal outlet 74 and stored in a bucket.
Next, the carbide | carbonized_material 3 is given the moisture adjustment 11 required in order to perform a fermentation process, after cooling. Then, the second organic residue 2 in which the predetermined microbial material 10 (see FIG. 6) is mixed 28 (see FIG. 1) is mixed with the carbide 3. Here, the second organic residue 2 is composed of livestock manure materials of the same series as the first organic residue 1. The cooling of the carbide 3 is a consideration especially from the viewpoint of safety and fire prevention. That is, since the carbide 3 immediately after the start of coal contains a large amount of thermal energy, there is a possibility that it may ignite or the like, and thus it is necessary to avoid this situation.
The second organic residue 2 serves as a fermentation material for the microbial material 10. On the other hand, the carbide 3 serves to promote rapid fermentation and effective aerobic bacterial growth by providing the microbial material 10 with an environment in which air is sufficiently supplied due to its porous structure.
Here, the microbial material 10 is an effective soil microorganism that is harmless to humans and is composed of 100 or more fungal groups. FIG. 6 shows the classification, temperature distribution, type, active substance, action temperature, and action contents of 26 types of bacteria that have been found so far.
The contents of the microorganisms constituting the microorganism material 10 will be described with reference to FIG. ), Mainly mesophilic bacteria acting at around 40 ° C. (Arthropactor, Tevalyomyces, Actinomyces, Nocardier, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Mucor, Pichia, Buriorsialocytes, Microbovirus, Actinomyces, Aspergillus, etc. ), Mainly composed of thermophilic bacteria (Saccharomyces, Bacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Xiioxidass, Lactobacillus, Xiobacillus dentificans, Cermonas, Clostridium, etc.) that act at 50 ° C. or higher. Thermophilic bacterium performs microbial substitution at a temperature range of 80 ° C. from 5 ° C..
In addition, active substances include proteins (Flambacteria, Achromobacter, etc.), starches (Achromobacter, S. peptomyces, Bacillus, etc.), organic substances (Pseudomonas, Previbacteria, etc.), sugars (E. ), Amino acids (Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, etc.), nucleic acids (Nocardia, etc.), sulfation (Pichia, Buriolisialocytes, Microbovirus, Actinomyces, etc.), Senyi (Bacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Xiioxidass, Lactobacillus, Sioubacillus dentricanthus, Sermonas, Clostridium, etc.).
The contents of action include saccharification (Spud monadaless, Previbacterium, S. peptomyces, Bacillus, etc.), lignin degradation (Teveriomyces, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Mucor, etc.), oxidation (Pichia, Buriolisialocytes, Actinomy) Seth, Sioiooxidus, Lactobacillus, etc.), Decomposing action (Thermoactinomyces, Sermonas, etc.), Denitrification action (Shiobacillus dentricanthus, etc.), Nitrite and nitrating (Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Microbobilis, etc.) ) Etc.
These microbial materials 10 play an important role in controlling the soil environment as well as removing the malodor of the second organic residue 2 made of livestock manure material. That is, since the soil effective bacteria described in FIG. 6 already occupies the habitat environment in the carbonized fertilizer, it plays a role of suppressing the growth of bacteria harmful to plant growth after fertilization.
The microbial material 10 is commercially available as an NTNS microorganism group (manufactured by Nippon Special Agriculture and Fisheries Co., Ltd.) and is available.
The carbide 3 in which the microbial material 10 and the second organic residue 2 are mixed 28 as described above is input to the high-speed fermentation unit 9.
The high-speed fermentation unit 9 is formed in a two-tank type box shape as a whole, and includes a material inlet (not shown), a fermenter 91, an aging and drying tank 92, a stirring device 93, and a material conveying device. 94 and a discharge port 95.
First, in the fermenter 91, the fermentation 12 is performed while stirring the carbide 3 mixed with the microbial material 10 as the material to be processed and the second organic residue by the rotating screw type stirring device 93. Then, the material to be treated is sent to the aging and drying tank 92 by the material conveying device 94, and the carbonized fertilizer 16 as the final product is obtained through the processes of aging 13 and ripening 14.
The malodor caused by ammonia gas, amine gas, hydrogen sulfide, etc. generated in the process of fermentation 12, ripening 13 and complete ripening 14 is removed 15 by the action of microbial material 10.
Here, as a result of qualitative analysis by the fluorescent X-ray method for the carbonized fertilizer 16 obtained when sawdust used for shiitake cultivation was used as the first organic residue 1, the following analysis results were obtained.
That is, moisture 47.23%, nitrogen total 1.54%, phosphoric acid total 2.87%, potassium total 1.63%, lime total 3.52%, magnesium total 2.59%, organic carbon 13.68% , Crude ash content 26.22%, pH 8.1.
[0006]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, the effects of the invention disclosed by the present application will be described as follows.
(1) The organic matter processing apparatus according to the present invention is a compact and low-cost organic matter processing apparatus suitable for a business operator to self-dispose organic residues discharged in the course of agriculture and industry.
(2) A carbonized fertilizer capable of suppressing the growth of bacteria harmful to the soil and controlling the microbial environment in the soil, that is, a carbonized fertilizer having a soil purification function and an organic matter processing apparatus capable of producing the carbonized fertilizer.
(3) An organic matter treatment apparatus that can efficiently make pollution-free by subjecting dry distillation gas generated in the organic matter treatment step to emulsion combustion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of an embodiment of an organic matter processing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an overall schematic view of an apparatus constituting a primary process portion of the organic matter processing apparatus according to the embodiment. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a gas combustion processing unit according to an example. Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of a high-speed fermentation unit according to this embodiment. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the unit. Fig. 6 is used in this embodiment. The figure which shows the classification | category classification, temperature distribution, kind, active substance, action temperature, and action content of microorganism material.
FIG. 7 is an overall schematic view of a carbonization apparatus showing conventional technology.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st organic residue 2 2nd organic residue 3 Carbide 5 Pretreatment unit 6 Grain size adjustment unit 7 Dry heat carbonization processing unit 8 Gas combustion processing unit 9 High-speed fermentation unit 10 Microbial material 16 Carbonized fertilizer 28 Mixing 72 Drying process 73 Heat treatment process 81 Primary combustion chamber 82 Secondary combustion chamber

Claims (2)

A pretreatment unit for adjusting the moisture content by drying the first organic residue with hot air, a particle size adjusting unit for adjusting the particle size by crushing the pretreated organic residue, and a drying process in the upper stage and a heat treatment process in the lower stage in two layers Microbial material is disposed on the disposed dry heat carbonization unit, a gas combustion treatment unit for burning the gas discharged from the pretreatment unit and the dry heat carbonization unit, and the carbide treated by the dry heat carbonization unit. a organic matter processing apparatus having a fast fermentation unit for fermentation treatment by mixing a second organic residue which is mixed, in the gas combustion treatment unit, carbonization gas generated from the heat treatment step of the dry heat carbonization treatment unit In the primary combustion process, and the steam generated from the drying process of the pretreatment unit and the dry heat carbonization unit in the primary combustion process. Performing the secondary combustion step of emulsion burning process by mixing carbonization gas is burned Te organic matter treatment apparatus according to claim.   The organic matter processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second organic residue is treated with a predetermined microbial material composed of a thermophilic bacterium, a mesophilic bacterium, and a thermophilic bacterium.

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