CN101416610B - Pigpen fermentation bed and use thereof - Google Patents
Pigpen fermentation bed and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101416610B CN101416610B CN2008101154834A CN200810115483A CN101416610B CN 101416610 B CN101416610 B CN 101416610B CN 2008101154834 A CN2008101154834 A CN 2008101154834A CN 200810115483 A CN200810115483 A CN 200810115483A CN 101416610 B CN101416610 B CN 101416610B
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000235526 Mucor racemosus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种猪舍发酵床，包括垫料槽，在垫料槽中铺设由有机物料经发酵处理获得的垫料。将这种发酵床用于养猪，可以快速消化分解粪尿等排泄物，通过适当的管理和维护，可以实现据猪舍(栏、圈)免冲洗、无异味的目的，不仅大大缓解了养殖场对周围环境及居民的影响，还能显著提高经济效益。The invention provides a pig house fermentation bed, which comprises a bedding tank in which bedding obtained from organic materials through fermentation is laid. Using this kind of fermentation bed for pig raising can quickly digest and decompose excrement such as feces and urine. Through proper management and maintenance, it can realize the purpose of no washing and no peculiar smell in the pig house (column, pen), which not only greatly eases the problem of breeding The impact of the site on the surrounding environment and residents can also be significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the livestock and poultry cultivation technology, specifically a kind of pig house fermentation bed the invention still further relates to its application in raising pigs.
Technical background
Developing rapidly of scale animal and poultry cultivation industry caused serious pollution to environment in recent years.2006 data show that it is 2,400,000,000 tons that national feces of livestock and poultry year produces total amount, surpassed the generation of industrial solid wastes then, culture ight soil and enter the water body turnover rate up to 25-30%, in some areas, livestock and poultry breeding industry becomes the pollution source of local water body maximum just gradually.Country has polluted the control livestock and poultry cultivation as Important Project and has included " the moderately well-off environmental action plan in 11th Five-Year rural area " in, and furnishes a huge amount of money for to help the livestock and poultry dung recovery utilization, to improve rural environment.
The dirty treatment technology of present various breed excrement, many simple absorption urban sewage or technology of garbage disposal and technology, one-time investment is big, the cost height, operation is complicated, and effect is unsatisfactory, presses for to set up the dirty treatment technology of novel low cost, resources conservation and eco-friendly breed excrement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, problems such as treatment technology lack, treatment facility cost height and weak effect big, a kind of pig house fermentation bed is provided at the dirty generation of conventional piggery excrement.
The present invention's bed that ferments comprises and in the bedding and padding groove bedding and padding is housed by the bedding and padding groove that described bedding and padding are to be obtained through fermentation process by organic materials.
Above-mentioned bedding and padding specifically can prepare by the following method:
1) preparation fermentation raw material, making its C/N ratio is 40: 1～60: 1, moisture 45～50%, particle diameter is 0.32～1.27cm, pH value 6.5～7.5, the C/P ratio is 75～150: 1;
2) in fermentation materials, add fermenting agent by weight 1～2 ‰, carry out fermentation reactor system.Through 7～10 days fermentation process, heap temperature began to descend, and showed that fermentation process finishes substantially, and bedding and padding can be gone into the bedding and padding groove, constitute the fermentation bed.
Wherein, the method that step 1) prepares fermentation raw material can be: with wood chip, rice husk, crushing straw, in mushroom residue or the furfural dregs one or more are major ingredient, add suitable auxiliary material, making its C/N ratio is 40: 1～60: 1, moisture 45～50%, pH value 6.5～7.5, the C/P ratio is 75～150: 1, wherein said auxiliary material is selected from pig manure, rice bran, wheat bran, the peat composed of rotten mosses, quicklime, superphosphate, rock phosphate, in brown sugar or the molasses one or more, rice bran wherein, wheat bran, the peat composed of rotten mosses can be used for regulating C/N ratio, quicklime can be used to regulate pH, superphosphate, rock phosphate can be used to regulate C/P ratio, rice bran, wheat bran, the peat composed of rotten mosses can be used to regulate permeability.Normal conditions, major ingredient account for more than 70% (weight) of fermentation materials, and auxiliary material then is no more than 30%.
Wherein, step 2) described fermenting agent can adopt existing conventional compost fermentation microbial inoculum, preferably contains: saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/mL, Lactobacillus plantarum (lactobacillus plantarum) 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/mL, Mucor racemosus (Mucor racemosus) 1.0 * 10
2～5.0 * 10
4Cfu/mL, aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) 1.0 * 10
3～5.0 * 10
4Cfu/mL.(its preparation method can referring to CN 1966664A)
Fermentation plant or fermentation canopy can be built up in the bedding and padding fabricating yard.Southern area is selected fermentation plant formula structure for use, is beneficial to ventilatedly, and northern area is selected fermentation canopy formula structure for use, is convenient to Winter protection.
Fermentation of the present invention bed, it also further comprises the blow vent that is positioned at bedding and padding groove exterior bottom double as sepage outlet, at ordinary times as ventilation hole, to regulate the improper moisture that causes excessive when bedding and padding moisture, or during accident such as colony house generation evaporating, emitting, dripping or leaking of liquid or gas, as penetrating passage.And pig house can also be provided with bedding and padding and import and export, and is positioned at the outside of pig house, is convenient to the turnover and the cleaning of bedding and padding.
Above-mentioned bedding and padding groove is advisable to account for pig house area 65～75%, and its degree of depth is advisable to be lower than hard place platform 50～80cm.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of above-mentioned fermentation bed of safeguarding to relate to permeability management, moisture adjusting, additional, the thin soil pipe reason of bedding and padding, mend bacterium, bedding and padding renewal several links.Specifically comprise:
1) bedding and padding permeability management
The long-term permeability that keeps bedding and padding, promptly the oxygen content in the bedding and padding maintains normal level all the time, is that the fermentation bed keeps one of key factor of higher fecaluria capacity of decomposition, also is simultaneously to suppress the pathogeny microbial reproduction, reduces the important means that disease takes place.Usually mode is often stirred bedding and padding exactly, to stir degree of depth child care pig be 15～20cm, breed pig 25～35cm, can bedding and padding be turned over evenly in conjunction with thin excrement or moisturizing, (50～60 days) will be stirred bedding and padding once completely in addition at set intervals, and padding layer will be mixed up and down;
2) moisture is regulated
Because the volatilizing naturally of bedding and padding moisture in the fermentation bed, the bedding and padding moisture can reduce gradually, but after bedding and padding moisture dropped to certain level, the breeding of microorganism will be obstructed or stop.Regularly keep the skin wet according to the bedding and padding water regime, be to keep the bedding and padding microorganism normally to breed, keep another key factor of bedding and padding fecaluria capacity of decomposition, the moisture that bedding and padding are suitable is generally 38～45%, water supplementing method can adopt and add the wet spray moisturizing, also can moisturizing when mending bacterium;
3) dredge the soil pipe reason
The child care pig carried out once dredging the soil pipe reason in 2～3 days, in big pig carried out once dredging the soil pipe reason in per 1～2 day;
4) mend bacterium
After fermentation inoculation microbial inoculum (the same) is accomplished once in a week, presses 0.3 of bedding and padding amount～0.5 ‰ and replenishes, and mends bacterium and can and dredge the soil pipe reason and carry out in conjunction with the moisture adjusting;
5) bedding and padding replenish and upgrade
The bedding and padding volume reduces by 10% back and in time replenishes, and the virgin material that replenishes will mix with the bedding and padding on the fermentation bed, and regulates moisture; After bedding and padding C/N is less than 20, bedding and padding all must be gone out clearly from the bedding and padding groove, be replaced with new bedding and padding.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned method of stating fermentation bed to raise pig of using, and comprising:
1) stocking density
Child care pig: 0.3～0.7m
2/ head is bred pig: 0.7～1.5m
2/ head;
2) bedding and padding sterilization
When pig is jumped, after perhaps breeding pig and delivering for sale, bedding and padding are taked the disinfection of heap fermentation mode.The bedding and padding disinfectant method is to sprinkle fresh wood chip or powder of straw or rice bran on the bedding and padding surface, spray an amount of fermenting agent, mix and regulate the accumulation of putting together behind moisture to 40～50%, keep after heap temperature rises to more than 50 ℃ getting final product in 24 hours, wherein said fermenting agent is identical with above-mentioned fermenting agent;
3) management in midsummer
The management of fermentation in midsummer bed is noted: gradually reduce the rate of water make-up of bedding and padding, allow bedding and padding moisture progressively control to about 38%, avoid fermentation to produce high temperature and high humidity; With the bedding and padding appropriate compacting, reduce the oxygen content in the bedding and padding; Strengthen the benefit bacterium amount that bacterium amount, particularly fecaluria are concentrated the discharge area of mending;
4) composite microbial feed additive of feeding
Add in the feed in following ratio: the child care pig: 1～1.2 ‰, breed pig: 1.2～1.5 ‰
Or drink for pig after diluting 400～500 times, take the mode of regularly drinking every day, once a day;
Wherein said additive for microbe feedstuff contains: saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae) 1.0 * 10
8～5.0 * 10
9Cfu/mL, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillusplantarum) 1.0 * 10
8～5.0 * 10
10Cfu/mL, Lactobacillus casei cheese subspecies (Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei) 1.0 * 10
8～4.0 * 10
10Cfu/mL.(its preparation method can referring to CN 1965674A)
Using fermentation bed of the present invention raises pigs, excreta such as digest and decompose fecaluria fast, by appropriate managerial and maintenance, can realize purpose according to pig house (hurdle, circle) flushing-free, free from extraneous odour, not only alleviated the influence of plant greatly, can also significantly improve economic benefit surrounding environment and resident.
Embodiment
Following examples further specify content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, modification or replacement to the inventive method, step or condition are done all belong to scope of the present invention.
If do not specialize the conventional means that used technological means is well known to those skilled in the art among the embodiment.
Adopt the colony house of fermentation bed to raise pig except the fence of indispensability, crib, drinking device, damping device, operating walk way etc., increased also that bedding and padding groove, bedding and padding, bedding and padding are imported and exported newly, bedding and padding sepage and blow vent etc.
1, the structure of fermentation bed:
1) the bedding and padding groove becomes to be lower than the latent groove of hard place platform 50～80cm with 65～75% area construction in the hutch (or transformation), and promptly the bedding and padding groove is used to deposit the bedding and padding of raising pigs;
2) bedding and padding carry out fermentation process with organic matters such as wood chip, powder of straw, rice bran, pig manures, fill up the bedding and padding groove after reaching innoxious index, as the gasket materials of raising pigs.Bedding and padding height child care pig 40～50cm, breed pig 60～80cm;
3) bedding and padding are imported and exported the outside that is positioned at pig house, are convenient to the turnover and the cleaning of bedding and padding;
4) bedding and padding sepage and blow vent are positioned at bedding and padding groove exterior bottom, and at ordinary times as ventilation hole, to regulate the improper moisture that causes excessive when bedding and padding moisture, or during accident such as colony house generation evaporating, emitting, dripping or leaking of liquid or gas, as penetrating passage.
2, the making of bedding and padding
With in wood chip, rice husk, crushing straw, mushroom residue or the furfural dregs one or more is major ingredient, add suitable auxiliary material, making its C/N ratio is 40: 1～60: 1, moisture 45～50%, pH value 6.5～7.5, the C/P ratio is 75～150: 1, add 1～2 ‰ fermenting agent by weight, wherein said auxiliary material is selected from one or more in pig manure, rice bran, wheat bran, the peat composed of rotten mosses, quicklime, superphosphate, rock phosphate, brown sugar or the molasses, and wherein fermenting agent contains: saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/mL, Lactobacillus plantarum (lactobacillus plantarum) 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/mL, Mucor racemosus (Mucorracemosus) 1.0 * 10
2～5.0 * 10
4Cfu/mL, aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) 1.0 * 10
3～5.0 * 10
4Cfu/mL.
Through 7-10 days fermentation process, heap temperature began to descend in the fermentation place, showed that fermentation process finishes substantially.Concrete criterion is:
1, C/N drops to below 30
2, heap temperature drops to below 40 ℃
3, living bacteria count reach 200,000,000/gram more than
4, the colibacillus of excrement number 100/gram below
5, induced worm egg death rate is more than 98%
6, moisture is below 40%
7, the pH value is about 7.2
Be preferred embodiment below:
The formation of embodiment 1 pig house fermentation bed
Adopt the colony house of fermentation bed to raise pig except the fence of indispensability, crib, drinking device, damping device, operating walk way etc., increased also that bedding and padding groove, bedding and padding, bedding and padding are imported and exported newly, bedding and padding sepage and blow vent etc.
1, the structure of fermentation bed:
1) the bedding and padding groove becomes to be lower than the latent groove of hard place platform 50～80cm with 65～75% area construction in the hutch (or transformation), and promptly the bedding and padding groove is used to deposit the bedding and padding of raising pigs;
2) bedding and padding carry out fermentation process with organic matters such as wood chip, powder of straw, rice bran, pig manures, fill up the bedding and padding groove after reaching innoxious index, as the gasket materials of raising pigs.Bedding and padding height child care pig 40～50cm, breed pig 60～80cm;
3) bedding and padding are imported and exported the outside that is positioned at pig house, are convenient to the turnover and the cleaning of bedding and padding;
4) bedding and padding sepage and blow vent are positioned at bedding and padding groove exterior bottom, and at ordinary times as ventilation hole, to regulate the improper moisture that causes excessive when bedding and padding moisture, or during accident such as colony house generation evaporating, emitting, dripping or leaking of liquid or gas, as penetrating passage.
2, the making of bedding and padding
Raw material is by weight: pig manure 20% wood chip 60% powder of straw 20% brown sugar 0.1% fermenting agent 0.1%
Wherein, fermenting agent contains saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.60 * 10
9Cfu/mL, Lactobacillus plantarum 1.5 * 10
9Cfu/mL, Mucor racemosus 1.0 * 10
3Cfu/mL, aspergillus oryzae 6.2 * 10
3Cfu/mL.
The preparation method:
Above-mentioned raw materials is mixed, and regulating C/N ratio (C/N) is about 50: 1, and moisture is about 45%, and particle diameter (diameter is in cm) is 0.32～1.27, and pH is 7, and C/P is 110: 1.
Through 7-10 days fermentation process, heap temperature began to descend in the fermentation place, showed that fermentation process finishes substantially.After testing:
1, C/N drops to below 30
2, heap temperature drops to below 40 ℃
3, living bacteria count reach 200,000,000/gram more than
4, the colibacillus of excrement number 100/gram below
5, induced worm egg death rate is more than 98%
6, moisture is below 40%
7, the pH value is about 7.2
The formation of embodiment 2 fermentation beds
The preparation method of the structure of fermentation bed and bedding and padding is identical with example 1 in this example, but adopts following different organic materials to make bedding and padding: (please provide different raw materials and be used for preparing fermentation) scheme 1:
800 kilograms of wood chips
200 kilograms of pig manures
1 liter of fermenting agent
1 kilogram in brown sugar
Scheme 2:
500 kilograms of wood chips
300 kilograms of powder of straw
200 kilograms of pig manures
1 liter of fermenting agent
1 kilogram in molasses
Scheme 3:
700 kilograms of wood chips
300 kilograms of powder of straw
1 liter of fermenting agent
1 kilogram in brown sugar or molasses
The fermentation bed to raise pig of piggery, embodiment 3 Beijing
With piggery, Beijing is example, and this delivers 5000 market pig scales for sale for year, adopts the fermentation bed of embodiment 1 to raise pigs, and Managed Solution comprises:
1) stocking density
Child care pig: 0.3～0.7m
2/ head is bred pig: 0.7～1.5m
2/ head;
2) bedding and padding sterilization
When pig is jumped, after perhaps breeding pig and delivering for sale, with the bedding and padding disinfection.The bedding and padding disinfectant method is to sprinkle fresh wood chip or powder of straw or rice bran on the bedding and padding surface, spray an amount of fermenting agent, the accumulation of putting together after mixing and regulate about moisture to 45%, keep after heap temperature rises to more than 50 ℃ getting final product in 24 hours, wherein said fermenting agent is identical with above-mentioned fermenting agent;
3) management in midsummer
The management of fermentation in midsummer bed is noted: gradually reduce the rate of water make-up of bedding and padding, allow bedding and padding moisture progressively control to about 38%, avoid fermentation to produce high temperature and high humidity; With the bedding and padding appropriate compacting, reduce the oxygen content in the bedding and padding; Strengthen the benefit bacterium amount that bacterium amount, particularly fecaluria are concentrated the discharge area of mending;
4) composite microbial feed additive of feeding
Add in the feed in following ratio (weight): the child care pig: 1～1.2 ‰, breed pig: 1.2～1.5 ‰.
Wherein said additive for microbe feedstuff contains: saccharomyces cerevisiae 8.0 * 10
8Cfu/mL, Lactobacillus plantarum 1.0 * 10
9Cfu/mL, Lactobacillus casei cheese subspecies 2.1 * 10
9Cfu/mL.
The maintenance scheme of fermentation bed comprises:
1) bedding and padding permeability management
Bedding and padding are often stirred (1 time/2 days), to stir degree of depth child care pig be 15～20cm, breed pig 25～35cm, in conjunction with thin excrement or moisturizing bedding and padding are turned over evenly, (50～60 days) are stirred bedding and padding once completely in addition at set intervals, and padding layer is mixed up and down;
2) moisture is regulated
Moisture is maintained 38～45%, and water supplementing method adopts and to add the wet spray moisturizing, or moisturizing when mending bacterium;
3) dredge the soil pipe reason
The child care pig carried out once dredging the soil pipe reason in 2～3 days, in big pig carried out once dredging the soil pipe reason in per 1～2 day;
4) mend bacterium
After fermentation inoculation microbial inoculum (the same) is accomplished once in a week, presses 0.3 of bedding and padding amount～0.5 ‰ and replenishes, and the benefit bacterium is regulated and dredges the soil pipe reason and carries out in conjunction with moisture;
5) bedding and padding replenish and upgrade
Bedding and padding volume minimizing 10% back in time replenishes, and the bedding and padding on virgin material that replenishes and the fermentation bed mix, and regulate moisture; After bedding and padding C/N is less than 20, bedding and padding are all gone out clearly from the bedding and padding groove, be replaced with new bedding and padding.
Implementation result:
By ten thousand calculating, after transforming, fatten the cycle (146 days) for one and reduce about 7500 tons fecaluria discharging, be equivalent to reduce BOD
5260 tons, COD
Cr266 tons, NH
345 tons of-N20 ton, 17 tons of TP and TN.Alleviated the influence of plant thus greatly to surrounding environment and resident.
From Economic and Efficiency Analysis, fatten computation of Period with one of 10,000 pig, save 300,000 yuan of medications, save 50,000 yuan in feed, reduce 20,000 yuan of energy consumption costs, increase by 90,000 yuan of fertilizer incomes, add up to 460,000 yuan of direct economic benefits.Remove bedding and padding and pig house and transform about 300,000 yuan, and consider factors such as reducing lethality, raising product quality, this environment-friendly engineering has fairly obvious economic benefit.
In addition, can solve the long-term pollution control problem that perplexs China's aquaculture after this project implementation, save the colony house irrigation and disinfection water more than 90% simultaneously.
The fermentation bed to raise pig of piggery, embodiment 4 Hangzhou
With the pig farm, Hangzhou is example, and this delivers 50,000 market pig scales for sale for year, because the dirty discharge capacity of excrement is big, surrounding enviroment has been caused have a strong impact on before, and the fermentation bed that adopts embodiment 2 schemes 2 to make is raised pigs, and other Managed Solution is with embodiment 3.
Implementation result:
By ten thousand calculating, after transforming, fatten the cycle (146 days) for one and reduce about 7600 tons fecaluria discharging, be equivalent to reduce BOD
5270 tons, COD
Cr276 tons, NH
346 tons of 18 tons of 22 tons of-N, TP and TN.Alleviated the influence of plant thus greatly to surrounding environment and resident.
From Economic and Efficiency Analysis, fatten computation of Period with one of 10,000 pig, save 200,000 yuan of medications, save 80,000 yuan in feed, reduce 20,000 yuan of energy consumption costs, increase by 200,000 yuan of fertilizer incomes, add up to 500,000 yuan of direct economic benefits.Remove bedding and padding and pig house and transform about 300,000 yuan, and consider factors such as reducing lethality, raising product quality, this environment-friendly engineering has fairly obvious economic benefit.
In addition, can solve the long-term pollution control problem that perplexs China's aquaculture after this project implementation, save the colony house irrigation and disinfection water more than 90% simultaneously.
Claims (9)
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Effective date of registration: 20151222 Address after: 100193, Room 203, West building, nuclear energy station, 2 West Old Summer Palace Road, Beijing, Haidian District Patentee after: China Agricultural University Address before: 100094 School of resources and environment, China Agricultural University, 2 West Old Summer Palace Road, Beijing, Haidian District Patentee before: Li Ji |