CN111592390A - Semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost - Google Patents
Semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN111592390A CN111592390A CN201910124736.2A CN201910124736A CN111592390A CN 111592390 A CN111592390 A CN 111592390A CN 201910124736 A CN201910124736 A CN 201910124736A CN 111592390 A CN111592390 A CN 111592390A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost fermentation, and discloses a semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing cow dung with humidity of 50-60% with a fermentation microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring, and stacking for fermentation; 2) when the temperature of the middle part of the obtained stack is reduced for three consecutive days after reaching the peak value, carrying out first stack turning, and then turning the stack once every five days; 3) when the temperature in the middle of the stack reaches more than five days of the peak value and the humidity in the middle of the stack is reduced to be below 40%, continuously fermenting half of the stack to obtain a first batch of compost; 4) adding the same volume of fresh cow dung into the other half of the stack, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting; 5) performing cyclic operation according to the steps 2) to 4), and fermenting to obtain a plurality of batches of compost. The fermentation method can improve the initial temperature of a new batch of compost, is beneficial to quick start of fermentation, can improve the peak temperature, is beneficial to more quickly and effectively killing harmful microorganisms, improves the production efficiency and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost fermentation, and particularly relates to a semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost.
Background
The compost fermentation is a process of converting organic matters into fertilizers through the fermentation action of microorganisms under the conditions of certain moisture, C/N ratio and ventilation under the manual control; scientifically, compost fermentation is a microbial process which artificially promotes biodegradable organic matters to be biochemically converted into stable humus by means of microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and the like widely distributed in the nature. The composting fermentation can stabilize and harmlessly treat organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, household garbage, crop straws and the like, change waste into valuable, convert applicable components in solid wastes into useful substances and energy, realize reasonable utilization of resources, and avoid or reduce the phenomenon that the large-area accumulation of the garbage wastes affects the appearance of the city and the natural decay of the garbage, emits odor and spreads diseases, thereby causing harm to human bodies and the environment.
The compost fermentation comprises aerobic compost fermentation and anaerobic compost fermentation, wherein the anaerobic compost fermentation is carried out under the anaerobic condition by the action of anaerobic microorganisms; aerobic composting is the degradation of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms under aeration conditions, and generally, the basic process of aerobic composting comprises pretreatment (crushing, sorting and other treatment methods to reduce the content of non-compostable substances and homogenize the granularity and water content of compost materials to a certain degree), main fermentation (heating stage: 30-40 ℃, 1-3 days, high temperature stage: 45-65 ℃, 3-8 days), after fermentation (secondary fermentation or cooling stage: 20-30 days), post treatment, deodorization and storage.
The existing aerobic compost fermentation has the following defects: the compost fermentation of organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, household garbage, crop straws and the like is mainly batch fermentation, the efficiency is low, and a fermentation microbial inoculum is required to be added in each batch, so that the cost is increased; the water content of the cow dung separated by the dry-wet separator is usually higher than 60%, and the compost fermentation can be carried out only by spreading and drying; the compost fermentation starting temperature is low, the compost is not beneficial to rapid temperature rise, and the problem is particularly prominent in autumn and winter.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost. The method can increase the initial temperature of a new batch of compost, is beneficial to quick start of fermentation, can increase the peak temperature, is beneficial to more quickly and effectively killing harmful microorganisms, improves the production efficiency and reduces the cost.
The invention provides a semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing cow dung with humidity of 50-60% with a fermentation microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring, and stacking for fermentation;
2) when the temperature of the middle part of the obtained stack is reduced for three consecutive days after reaching the peak value, carrying out first stack turning, and then turning the stack once every five days;
3) when the temperature in the middle of the stack reaches more than five days of the peak value and the humidity in the middle of the stack is reduced to be below 40%, continuously fermenting half of the stack to obtain a first batch of compost;
4) adding the same volume of fresh cow dung into the other half of the stack, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting;
5) performing cyclic operation according to the steps 2) to 4), and fermenting to obtain a plurality of batches of compost.
According to the invention, in the step 1), the cow dung with the humidity of 50% -60% is obtained by spreading and airing fresh cow dung. The fresh cow dung is separated by a dry-wet separator on the same day, has high water content and needs to be spread and dried to reach the fermentation use standard.
The fermentation inoculum in the invention can adopt the conventional fermentation inoculum in the field and use the conventional dosage. Preferably, in the step 1), the fermentation bacteria agent is RW bacteria agent, and the mixing ratio of cow dung to the fermentation bacteria agent is 1000: 1.
In the present invention, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement of the temperature and humidity of the stack, it is preferable that the temperature and humidity of the middle portion of the stack are measured at the same time every day in step 1).
Further preferably, the stack temperature and humidity are measured by taking multiple samples and averaging.
In the invention, the turning-up is carried out by adopting a turning-up machine, so that the materials are fully and uniformly mixed.
In addition, in step 2), when the temperature of the middle portion of the stack decreases for three consecutive days after reaching the peak, it means on the third day including the day when reaching the peak.
The operating principle of the invention is as follows: (1) stacking and fermenting the cow dung after adding the zymophyte agent, and carrying out high temperature for a certain time; killing harmful microorganisms, and propagating fermentation strains in a large quantity; a large amount of water is evaporated, and the physicochemical property tends to be stable; (2) the compost at the later stage of the high temperature stage has lower humidity than fresh cow dung, and the content of the propagated fermentation strains is close to saturation; (3) fresh cow dung with higher humidity and lower temperature is mixed into the compost at the later stage of the high-temperature stage in a volume of 1: 1, and the humidity, the temperature and the content of fermentation strains of the mixed materials are favorable for quickly starting a new round of fermentation.
The operating parameters which are not defined in the invention can be carried out according to the conventional technical means in the field, and in addition, the semi-continuous fermentation method of the invention is also suitable for composting other raw materials and belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the temperature of the materials is lower than 20 ℃ in winter, which is not beneficial to the quick start and temperature rise of the compost fermentation, and the semi-continuous fermentation method can improve the initial temperature of a new batch of compost and is beneficial to the quick start of the fermentation.
2. The semi-continuous fermentation method can improve the peak temperature and is beneficial to quickly and effectively killing harmful microorganisms.
3. The semi-continuous fermentation method can effectively reduce the initial water content of the materials, saves the spreading and drying operation, and saves time, field and labor cost.
4. The semi-continuous fermentation method can rapidly reduce the water content by utilizing higher fermentation temperature so as to meet the requirement of the organic fertilizer on the water content.
5. The semi-continuous fermentation method of the invention needs shorter time for fermentation and decomposition of each batch, and can improve the production efficiency.
6. The semi-continuous fermentation method of the invention does not need to add new zymophyte agent for fermentation of a new batch, thereby reducing the production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1: temperature and humidity trend graphs of semi-continuous composting fermentation in the examples.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Examples
A semi-continuous fermentation method of cow dung compost comprises the following steps:
1. measuring the water content of cow dung separated by a dry-wet separator on the same day to be 69 percent, wherein the water content is too high; spreading on the ground by a forklift for spreading and drying in the air.
2. Measuring the water content of the spread and dried cow dung to be reduced to below 60% (59%), stacking and adding fermentation bacteria (1 kg RW bacteria is added to each ton of cow dung), and uniformly turning by using a turning machine.
3. The pieces were stacked in 2 stacks and counted as the first 0 th day.
4. At 15 pm each day, multiple samples were taken to determine the moisture content and temperature at 10 to 15 cm depth from the top of the stack and the average was recorded.
5. The temperature of the first batch was increased to 66 ℃ on day 7, and then it began to fall, and the batch was turned over on day 9 at 17 pm.
6. On day 12, the first batch experienced a peak at 5 days with a water content drop to 40%. Dividing one of the first stack into two by a forklift, covering the two with cow dung which is separated by a dry-wet separator but not aired to enable the new stack to reach a proper height, and turning the stack evenly by a stack turning machine.
7. Recording as a second batch, wherein the temperature of newly added cow dung is 16 ℃, and the water content is about 70%; the initial temperature of the fresh package was 28 ℃ and the initial moisture content was 55%.
8. On day 15, the first batch was turned.
9. On day 18, the second batch was turned.
10. On the 21 st day, the second batch of the water-soluble organic fertilizer undergoes a peak at the temperature for 5 days, and the water content is 37 percent, thereby meeting the requirements of the operation key points; one stack of the second batch was kept and the other stack was used for the third batch.
11. On day 24, the second batch was turned.
12. On day 27, the third batch was turned.
13. On the 30 th day, the temperature of the third batch is subjected to peak load for 5 days, and the water content is 35 percent, which meets the requirement of the operation key point; one stack of the third batch was kept and the other stack was used for the fourth batch.
14. On day 31, the third batch was turned.
15. On day 37, the fourth batch was turned.
Data and changes in temperature and humidity (water content) were recorded daily as shown in fig. 1. The results were analyzed as follows:
1. during the experiment, the temperature is positive in the early winter, and the average temperature is 10 ℃; and slowly raising the temperature of the first batch in the first three days until the temperature of the third day is close to 20 ℃, and quickly raising the temperature.
2. The higher the initial temperature (the lower the water content, but not less than 50%) the faster the fermentation temperature of the batch, the higher the peak temperature.
3. The cooling speed of the second, third and fourth batches after the temperature reaches the peak is obviously higher than that of the first batch; probably the most important reason is that the first batch of materials is completely composed of new cow dung and has high total nutrient; approximately half of the second, third and fourth batches of material have been fermented to a certain extent and the nutrients have been partially consumed; therefore, the total nutrients of the second, third and fourth batches are lower, and the time required for fermentation and decomposition is shorter.
4. The higher the temperature, the faster the water content decreases, which is in accordance with the common general knowledge that high temperatures favor evaporation of water.
5. The temperature rises for a short time after turning over, which accords with the general rule of compost fermentation.
Therefore, the semi-continuous fermentation method can improve the initial temperature of a new batch of compost, is beneficial to the quick start of fermentation, and has particularly obvious effect when the temperature of materials is lower than 20 ℃ particularly in winter; the semi-continuous fermentation method can improve the peak temperature, and is beneficial to quickly and effectively killing harmful microorganisms; the initial water content of the material can be effectively reduced, the spreading and drying operation is omitted, and the time, the field and the labor cost are saved; the water content can be rapidly reduced by using higher fermentation temperature so as to meet the requirement of the organic fertilizer on the water content; the semi-continuous fermentation method of the invention needs shorter time for fermentation and decomposition of each batch, and can improve the production efficiency; the semi-continuous fermentation method of the invention does not need to add new zymophyte agent for fermentation of a new batch, thereby reducing the production cost.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the illustrated embodiments.
Claims (6)
1. The semi-continuous fermentation method of the cow dung compost is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing cow dung with humidity of 50-60% with a fermentation microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring, and stacking for fermentation;
2) when the temperature of the middle part of the obtained stack is reduced for three consecutive days after reaching the peak value, carrying out first stack turning, and then turning the stack once every five days;
3) when the temperature in the middle of the stack reaches more than five days of the peak value and the humidity in the middle of the stack is reduced to be below 40%, continuously fermenting half of the stack to obtain a first batch of compost;
4) adding the same volume of fresh cow dung into the other half of the stack, uniformly stirring, stacking and fermenting;
5) performing cyclic operation according to the steps 2) to 4), and fermenting to obtain a plurality of batches of compost.
2. The method of semi-continuous fermentation of cow dung compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the cow dung with the humidity of 50% -60% is obtained by spreading and airing fresh cow dung.
3. The method of semi-continuous fermentation of cow dung compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the fermentation bacterium agent is an RW bacterium agent, and the mixing mass ratio of the cow dung to the fermentation bacterium agent is 1000: 1.
4. The method of semi-continuous fermentation of cow dung compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 1), the temperature and humidity of the middle of the stack are measured at the same time of day.
5. The method for the semi-continuous fermentation of cow dung compost according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the temperature and humidity are measured by a measuring method of sampling at multiple points and taking an average value.
6. The method of semi-continuous fermentation of cow dung compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and uniformly turning the mixture by using a pile turning machine.
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Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2159530C1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2000-11-27 | Андрюхин Тимофей Яковлевич | Method and apparatus for sequential phase-by-phase anaerobic fermentation of liquefied organic wastes |
| JP2001170693A (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-06-26 | Daiichi Consultant:Kk | Fermentation treatment method and device for organic waste |
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| CN107056351A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-18 | 重庆理工大学 | A kind of fowl and animal excrement continuously ferments the method for compost |
-
2019
- 2019-02-19 CN CN201910124736.2A patent/CN111592390A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
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| RU2159530C1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2000-11-27 | Андрюхин Тимофей Яковлевич | Method and apparatus for sequential phase-by-phase anaerobic fermentation of liquefied organic wastes |
| JP2001170693A (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-06-26 | Daiichi Consultant:Kk | Fermentation treatment method and device for organic waste |
| CN101186537A (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2008-05-28 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Echelon circulation inoculation temperature-control compost method |
| CN101913925A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process |
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| CN102795899A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-11-28 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Continuous dry anaerobic fermentation method |
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