AU2020101640A4 - Method of treating organic solid wastes and biological organic fertilizer prepared thereby - Google Patents
Method of treating organic solid wastes and biological organic fertilizer prepared thereby Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2020101640A4 AU2020101640A4 AU2020101640A AU2020101640A AU2020101640A4 AU 2020101640 A4 AU2020101640 A4 AU 2020101640A4 AU 2020101640 A AU2020101640 A AU 2020101640A AU 2020101640 A AU2020101640 A AU 2020101640A AU 2020101640 A4 AU2020101640 A4 AU 2020101640A4
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- high temperature
- fermentation
- solid wastes
- organic solid
- aerobic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000589499 Thermus thermophilus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000478152 Calditerricola yamamurae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000130178 Calditerricola satsumensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000203775 Thermoactinomyces Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000244186 Ascaris Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000013368 commensalism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001516553 Begonia cucullata Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001112732 Thermoactinomycetaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
METHOD OF TREATING ORGANIC SOLID WASTES AND BIOLOGICAL
ORGANIC FERTILIZER PREPARED THEREBY
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a method of treating organic solid wastes and a biological
organic fertilizer prepared by the method. The method includes the following steps: step (1):
mixing a wet material of organic solid wastes with a pulverized auxiliary material to obtain a
mixed material having a water content of 45-55%; step (2): inoculating the mixed material
obtained in step (1) with a microorganism for degradation at a high temperature, aerating the
mixed material to ensure the material is sufficiently aerobic, performing treatment of turning
over and mixing intermittently, and maintaining fermentation at a high temperature of 65
75°C for 2-6 d to obtain an intermediate material; inoculating the intermediate material
obtained in step (2) with extreme thermophilic bacteria, turning well, aerating the
intermediate material to ensure the material is sufficiently aerobic, maintaining a maximum
temperature of the intermediate material at 85-90°C for 2-5 d, and then subjecting the material
to static fermentation for 18-21 d. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present
invention has high feasibility, simple operation, short production cycle, and high output with
stable product quality. The method of the present invention achieves a win-win outcome of
environmental protection and economic benefits.
-1/4
0ce
-~- ~ 4-J 4
LP5
4- LR
FID.
Description
-1/4
0ce
-~- ~ 4-J 4
4- LR LP5
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention belongs to the technical field of treating and transforming organic solid wastes into resources, in particular relates to a method of treating organic solid wastes and a biological organic fertilizer prepared by the method.
BACKGROUND More than 10 billion tons of solid organic wastes are produced in China every year. If organic matters and plant nutrients which are rich in the wastes can be converted into organic fertilizers, there will be a great potential in improving a recycling rate of resources. Traditional aerobic fermentation is a process converting organic matters of organic materials into more stable humus, generating products of organic fertilizers and soil conditioners. The traditional process is simple to operate and requires just a little investment, but it has many disadvantages, such as large floor area, long production cycle (about 1-2 months or even longer), high labor costs, susceptibility to regional and climatic conditions, secondary pollution (for example, odor), and incomplete decomposition (with a low humus coefficient and a relatively high content of fulvic acid). Compared with traditional composting, ultra-high temperature aerobic composting technology can effectively increase the temperature of compost to promote degradation of organic matters, resulting in materials humidified to a larger extent, and effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, the technology can shorten a fermentation cycle (about 49 d) and reduce cost of composting organic solid wastes. But defects are also obvious, for example, extreme thermophilic bacteria are at a disadvantage in competition with local microorganisms since they can be activated only at a certain temperature (above 65°C) and do not work at an early stage of fermentation (temperature accumulation section), that is, during degradation of macromolecular organic matters. We all know that there is an extremely strong correlation between degradation of organic matters in materials and humification of the materials. Although extreme thermophilic bacteria can result in materials humidified to a larger extent, humification is still limited by the degradation efficiency of macromolecular organic matters at an early stage. Efforts are made in order to solve the problems of the existing technology such as the incomplete decomposition in traditional high temperature composting and low degradation efficiency of organic matters at the early stage of an ultra-high temperature fermentation. Improvement of a current process of producing a biological organic fertilizer with organic solid wastes, and development of a new technology for treatment of organic solid wastes in production of a biological organic fertilizer have become the key to solving the current problems with the current biological organic fertilizer.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is the object of the present invention to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art or to provide a useful alternative.
SUMMARY In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of efficiently treating organic solid wastes based on a two-phase aerobic fermentation and use thereof to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing method of treating organic solid wastes. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating organic solid wastes, comprising the following steps: step (1): mixing a wet material of organic solid wastes with a pulverized auxiliary material to obtain a mixed material having a water content of 45-55%; step (2): a first fermentation at a high temperature inoculating the mixed material obtained in step (1) with a microorganism for degradation at a high temperature in an amount of 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the mixed material obtained in step (1), aerating the mixed material to ensure the material is sufficiently aerobic, performing treatment of turning over and mixing intermittently, and maintaining fermentation at a high temperature of 65-75°C for 2-6 d to obtain an intermediate material; step (3): a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature inoculating the intermediate material obtained in step (2) with extreme thermophilic bacteria in an amount of 0.1-0.5% of the intermediate material obtained in step (2), turning well, aerating the intermediate material to ensure the material is sufficiently aerobic, maintaining a maximum temperature of the intermediate material at 85-90°C for 2-5 d, and then subjecting the material to static fermentation for 18-21 d. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a two-phase aerobic fermentation technology for efficient treatment of organic solid wastes, which includes an organic matter decomposition stage and a high temperature humification stage in two independent fermentation devices. The technology achieves cooperative fermentation based on microbial relationships, for example interspecific cooperation and commensalism. Two independent fermentation devices are used for the organic matter decomposition stage and the high temperature humification stage to provide best conditions for the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature and the extreme thermophilic bacteria respectively. Therefore, the present invention avoids inhibition between microorganisms and environmental inhibition on microorganisms which exist in a single-phase aerobic fermentation process. Moreover, the present invention can have a higher microbial activity than the single phase aerobic fermentation and thus improve a treatment effect. The present invention enables more effective and stable degradation of the organic wastes by the first fermentation at a high temperature and the second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature. Preferably, in step (2), the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature is selected from one or more of protease-producing aerobic bacteria, amylase-producing aerobic bacteria, cellulase-producing aerobic bacteria, lignin-degrading aerobic bacteria or refractory organic matter-degrading aerobic bacteria; where the refractory organic matter includes one or more of lignin, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, an organophosphorus farm chemical or a heterocyclic compound. Preferably, the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature is selected from one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, white rot fungi, and thermoactinomyces. More preferably, an effective bacteria ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, the Aspergillus niger, the white rot fungi, and the thermoactinomyces is 1:1:1:1. Preferably, the extreme thermophilic bacteria are selected from one or more of Thermus thermophilus, Calditerricolayamamurae, and Calditerricolasatsumensis. Preferably, a bacteria concentration of the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature is above 2.51x108 CFU/g; and in step (3), a bacteria concentration of the extreme thermophilic bacteria is above 1.52x10' CFU/g. Preferably, in step (3), the intermediate material has a pile height of 0.5-9 m. Since the fermentation of the material at an ultra-high temperature has a relatively high initial temperature of 65-75°C, there is no need to reduce the pile height to ensure a heating rate, thereby breaking the pile height limitation of less than 2 m in a traditional aerobic fermentation with a low efficiency. An increased pile height of the present inventive means an increased amount of material which can be treated at one time. Preferably, in step (1), the wet material of organic solid wastes has a water content of 55 % and is selected from one or more of livestock and poultry manure, meal waste or urban sludge; and a weight ratio of the wet material of organic solid wastes to the auxiliary material is 20:(2-6). Preferably, the auxiliary material is selected from one or more of grain bran, sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw. Preferably, a degradation rate of protein, fat, polysaccharide, and cellulose organic matter in the organic solid wastes is 40-70%. In another embodiment, the present invention combines a first fermentation at a high temperature and a second aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature to perform cooperative fermentations based on microbial relationships, for example, interspecific cooperation and commensalism. In order to ensure a product of the first fermentation at a high temperature suitable for feeding the second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature, the present invention optimizes an initial water content, a material ratio, a pile height and time for the first fermentation at a high temperature and key process parameters such as a pile height and time for the second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature. It is found in a study of effect of change of water content on aerobic cooperative fermentation that, if the initial water content of the first aerobic fermentation at a high temperature is <45%, ordinary mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms cannot have an activity of more than 2.51x108 CFU/g during the first aerobic fermentation at a high temperature, which affects decomposition of the wastes (<30%). If the initial water content is >55%, the water content of the product in the first aerobic fermentation at a high temperature will be >40%, which leads to problems such as air permeability is at a low level in the raw materials in the second aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature, and the maximum temperature cannot reach above 85°C due to excessive heat dissipation through water evaporation, affecting the final fermentation effect. At the same time, we conduct a time control study on cooperative fermentation. The experimental results show that, if the treating time of the first aerobic fermentation at a high temperature is <2 d, the degradation of the macromolecular organic matters in the waste is less than 30%, resulting in excessive nutrients to be degraded in the subsequent aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature. The excessive nutrients affect rapid growth of the extreme thermophilic bacteria and the content of undecomposed nutrients will be >60%, which affects the degradation effect of the organic matters in the entire process. If the treating time of the first aerobic fermentation at a high temperature is more than 6 d, <40% nutrients can be used, the maximum temperature cannot be maintained for more than 2 d, and the killing rate of harmful microorganisms cannot reach 100% in the subsequent second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature, greatly reducing economic benefits.
In summary, if the process parameters of the present invention are not used, there will be adverse effects such as difficulty in starting the second aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature and prolonged fermentation time, and many other problems such as incomplete decomposition of the final material and hidden harm. By optimizing the process conditions, for the first fermentation at a high temperature in step (2) of the present invention, the concentration of the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature can be increased to more than 5 times of the initial concentration within 2 d, and a high temperature period can be reached in only 20-30 h. Thus, macromolecular organic matters can be rapidly degraded with a degradation rate of 30-50%. Moreover, it takes only 2 d to kill pathogen with an Ascaris egg killing rate of > 95%, and fecal coliform <10 5/kg. For the second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature in step (3), the material can be rapidly decomposed, and the harmlessness and humification of the material can be strengthened with an Ascaris egg killing rate of 100%, fecal coliform <10 3/kg and total amount of humus increased by 20-120% of the original amount. In addition, the humification effect mainly comes from humic acid. Thus, it can be seen that the method of the present invention has high feasibility, simple operation, short production cycle (only 21-28 d), and high output with stable product quality. The method of the present invention achieves a win-win outcome of environmental protection and economic benefits, and can be used to treat various organic solid wastes (for example, livestock and poultry manure, food waste, urban sludge, straw, organic debris). In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a biological organic fertilizer prepared by the above treatment method where humus is increased by up to 2 0 - 1 2 0 %, a final total organic matter content is 45-60%, a total nutrient content is 5. 1 -8.2%, a water content is -35%, a viable bacteria number is 4.2x108-6.5x10O CFU/g and a germination index is >80%. Subsequent screening, granulation, packaging and other processes of the biological organic fertilizer are all implemented by conventional equipment in the industry, and the fertilizer is applied in a conventional way. The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has various functions such as improving soil and promoting plant growth. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Through the first fermentation at a high temperature, the functional fermentation bacteria population can be rapidly multiplied to such an extent that the concentration of the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature can be increased to more than 5 times of the initial concentration within 2 d. Fermentation of the material at a high temperature can reach the high temperature period in only 20-30 h, so that macromolecular organic matters can be quickly degraded (up to 30-50%) with a pathogen (Ascaris egg) killing rate >95% and fecal coliform <10 5/kg) and the like. The high temperature period (65-75°C) of the fermentation at a high temperature can act as a starting point for the fermentation at an ultra high temperature, reducing energy consumption for heating in the aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature. Moreover, during the high temperature period, more small molecules are produced, which is beneficial to the humification of materials in the subsequent process at an ultra-high temperature. (2) In the second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature, while the state of the material is adjusted, extreme thermophilic bacteria are inoculated and quickly activated. The material obtained after fermentation at a high temperature contains more small molecular substances than before, which are used by the extreme thermophilic bacteria, reducing mortality of the extreme thermophilic bacteria. Therefore, the material can be rapidly decomposed, and the harmlessness (with an Ascaris egg killing rate of 100%, and fecal coliform <10 3/kg) and humification (total amount of humus is increased by 2 0 - 12 0 % of the original amount, and the humus mainly comes from humic acid) of the material can be strengthened. (3) Compared with the original single aerobic fermentation technology in which the organic matter decomposition stage and the high-temperature humification stage are present in one fermentation device, the method of the present invention is highly efficient throughout the process due to avoidance of the interaction of the two bacteria. Accordingly, the method of the present invention significantly increases the degradation rate of organic matters and strengthens the humification of the material. (4) The present invention is implemented by cooperative fermentation based on microbial relationships, for example, interspecific cooperation and commensalism, and has a wide range of applications, for example, it can be used to treat various common organic wastes. Moreover, the present invention can break the pile height limitation in a traditional aerobic fermentation. Furthermore, the present invention has a short production cycle, a high output and stable product quality, thus, production lines of different scales can be established according to needs which are less affected by region, season, and climate. Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of specific embodiments with reference to the examples and accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a process according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to specific examples. The present disclosure will be further understood by those skilled in the art from the following examples, but it is not intended to limit the present disclosure in any way. It should be pointed out that several variations and improvements may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the conception of the present disclosure. Such variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Example 1 This example was a method of treating organic solid wastes with a process flow shown in FIG. 1. Mixed strains of Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, and Aspergillus niger were used for a first fermentation at a high temperature, and the extreme thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus was used as an inoculant for a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature. Specific steps were as follows: Step (1): Pretreatment of a material A wet material of dry sludge (with a water content of 49.7%) was mixed with a pulverized auxiliary material of wheat straw (30 mesh) in a weight ratio of 20:4. A final water content of the mixed material was adjusted to 55%. Step (2): Aerobic fermentation at a high temperature (a first fermentation): The mixed material obtained in step (1) was inoculated with a microorganism for degradation at a high temperature having a concentration of 2.3x109 CFU/g in powder in an amount of 0.5% of the weight of the mixed material having an adjusted water content (effective bacteria ratio of Bacillus subtilis: white rot fungi: Aspergillus niger = 1:1:1). After well mixing, the material was piled in strip at a height controlled at 1.2 m with a width of 2 m. The temperature was rapidly increased, and the maximum temperature was maintained at °C. Fermentation was carried out for 3 d. Step (3): Aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature (a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature): An intermediate material obtained in step (2) was subjected to fermentation at an ultra high temperature, where the extreme thermophilic bacteria Thermus thermophilus having a concentration of 1.9xI09 CFU/g in powder were inoculated in the material in an amount of 0.3% of the weight of the material obtained after fermentation at a high temperature. The material was turned well and aeration equipment was provided to ensure the material was sufficiently aerobic. The maximum temperature of 85°C was maintained for 3 d. Fermentation was carried out for 18 d. Step (4): Use in production of a biological organic fertilizer or a soil conditioner The compost product produced by the method of the present disclosure was prepared into a biological organic fertilizer by subsequent screening, granulation, packaging and other processes, all of which were carried out using conventional equipment in the industry. Step (5): Quality inspection The content of main components of the finished product obtained in this example and the fertilizer efficiency were shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Content of main components of the biological organic fertilizer prepared in Example landfertilizerefficiency index Live Total Total Total Total Total Water bacteria Germinatio Nameof organic nitrogen phosphor potassium nutrient content number pH nIndex sample matter us m TN (%) (%o) (%o) (CFU/g (%o) (%) TP(%) TK(%) )
Example 1 biological 1.35x1 58.2 1.83 2.11 3.35 7.29 22.5 6.9 92.6 organic 010 fertilizer 5.5 NY525-2012 >450 TN+TP+TK>5 <30 >109 >80 8.5
As can be seen from Table 1, the biological fertilizer prepared in this example completely met the evaluation standards set in Organic Fertilizer (NY52-2012) and Biological Organic Fertilizer (NY884-2012), and had an effectively increased bacterial concentration which can reach 4.2x108-6.5x101 CFU/g in soil. Example 2 The biological organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was used as a base fertilizer, mixed with soil, and applied for pot planting of Begonia cucullata Willd. seedlings. The effect of promoting growth was obtained in comparison with a commercial fertilizer as a control. Effect of application of the biological organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 on the seedlings of Begonia cucullata Willd. was shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Effect of applicationof the biological organicfertilizer preparedin Example 1 on growth promotion of the seedlings ofBegonia cucullata Willd. Root length Stem length Plant fresh weight Plant dry weight Treatment group (cm) (cm) (g) (g) No fertilizer 4.80+2.30 9.60+1.13 1.29+0.63 0.30+0.14 Commercial fertilizer 5.30+1.60 10.25+1.94 2.15+0.78 0.45+0.21 Biologicalfertilizer 6.80+0.65 12.10+1.35 3.49+0.59 0.53+0.19 treatment
Note: The values in the table were an average of 3 repeated experiments.
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the commercially available fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer in this example had significantly improvement in plant root length, stem length, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight, indicating that the biological organic fertilizer had better fertilizer effect and was beneficial to plant growth. The technology in this example not only achieved solid waste treatment and resource utilization of organic solid wastes, but also obtained a biological fertilizer having an effect superior to that of the existing fertilizer, showing a competitive advantage. Example 3 This example was a method of treating organic solid wastes with a process flow shown in FIG. 1. Mixed strains of Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, and Aspergillus niger were used for a first fermentation at a high temperature, and the extreme thermophilic bacterium Calditerricolayamamurae was used as an inoculant for a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature. Specific steps were as follows: Step (1): Pretreatment of a material A wet material of dry sludge was mixed with a pulverized auxiliary material of wheat straw (30 mesh) in a weight ratio of 20:2. The final water content of the mixed material was %. Step (2): Aerobic fermentation at a high temperature (a first fermentation): The mixed material obtained in step (1) was inoculated with a microorganism for degradation at a high temperature having a concentration of 2.51x108 CFU/g in powder in an amount of 0.3% of the weight of the mixed material having an adjusted water content (effective bacteria ratio of Bacillus subtilis: white rot fungi: Aspergillus niger = 1:1:1). After well mixing, the material was piled in strip at a height controlled at 9.0 m with a width of 2 m. The temperature was rapidly increased, and the maximum temperature was maintained at °C. Fermentation was carried out for 2 d. During this process, the concentration of the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature was increased to more than 5 times of the initial concentration within 2 d, and a high temperature period was reached in only 20-30 h. Macromolecular organic matters were rapidly degraded (up to 30-50%). It took only 2 d to kill pathogen (with an Ascaris egg killing rate of >95% and fecal coliform <10 5/kg). Step (3): Aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature (a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature): An intermediate material obtained in step (2) was subjected to fermentation at an ultra high temperature, where the extreme thermophilic bacteria Calditerricolayamamurae having a content of 1.52x10 9 CFU/g in powder were inoculated in the material in an amount of 0.1% of the weight of the material obtained after fermentation at a high temperature. The material was turned well and aeration equipment was provided to ensure the material was sufficiently aerobic. The maximum temperature of 85°C was maintained for 5 d. Fermentation was carried out for 19 d. During this process, the material was rapidly decomposed, and the harmlessness (with an Ascaris egg killing rate of 100%, and fecal coliform <10 3/kg) and humification (total amount of humus was increased by 2 0 - 12 0 % of the original amount, and the humus mainly came from humic acid) of the material were strengthened. Step (4): Use in production of a biological organic fertilizer or a soil conditioner The compost product produced by the method of the present disclosure was prepared into a biological organic fertilizer by subsequent screening, granulation, packaging and other processes, all of which were carried out using conventional equipment in the industry. Example 4 This example was a method of treating organic solid wastes with a process flow shown in FIG. 1. Mixed strains of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, white rot fungi, and Thermoactinomycetaceae were used for a first fermentation at a high temperature, and the extreme thermophilic bacterium Calditerricolasatsumensis was used as an inoculant for a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature. Specific steps were as follows:
Step (1): Pretreatment of a material A wet material of dry sludge (with a water content of 49.7%) was mixed with a pulverized auxiliary material of wheat straw (30 mesh) in a weight ratio of 20:6. The final water content of the mixed material was 55%. Step (2): Aerobic fermentation at a high temperature (a first fermentation): The mixed material obtained in step (1) was inoculated with a microorganism for degradation at a high temperature having a concentration of 2.3x109 CFU/g in powder in an amount of 0.5% of the weight of the mixed material having an adjusted water content (effective bacteria ratio of Bacillus subtilis: white rot fungi: Aspergillus niger = 1:1:1). After well mixing, the material was piled in strip at a height controlled at 0.5 m with a width of 2 m. The temperature was rapidly increased, and the maximum temperature was maintained at °C. Fermentation was carried out for 6 d. Step (3): Aerobic fermentation at an ultra-high temperature (a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature): An intermediate material obtained in step (2) was subjected to fermentation at an ultra high temperature, where the extreme thermophilic bacteria Thermus thermophilus having a concentration of 1.6xIO9 CFU/g in powder were inoculated in the material in an amount of 0.5% of the weight of the material obtained after fermentation at a high temperature. The material was turned well and aeration equipment was provided to ensure the material was sufficiently aerobic. The maximum temperature of 90°C was maintained for 2 d. Fermentation was carried out for 15 d. Step (4): Use in production of a biological organic fertilizer or a soil conditioner The compost product produced by the method of the present disclosure was prepared into a biological organic fertilizer by subsequent screening, granulation, packaging and other processes, all of which were carried out using conventional equipment in the industry. The above is a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various variations or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. A method of treating organic solid wastes, comprising the following steps: step (1): mixing a wet material of organic solid wastes with a pulverized auxiliary material to obtain a mixed material having a water content of 45-55%; step (2): a first fermentation at a high temperature inoculating the mixed material obtained in step (1) with a microorganism for degradation at a high temperature in an amount of 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the mixed material obtained in step (1), aerating the mixed material to ensure the mixed material is sufficiently aerobic, performing treatment of turning over and mixing intermittently, and maintaining fermentation at a high temperature of 65-75°C for 2-6 d to obtain an intermediate material; step (3): a second fermentation at an ultra-high temperature inoculating the intermediate material obtained in step (2) with extreme thermophilic bacteria in an amount of 0.1-0.5% of the intermediate material obtained in step (2), turning well, aerating the intermediate material to ensure that the material is sufficiently aerobic, maintaining a maximum temperature of the intermediate material at 85-90°C for 2-5 d, and then subjecting the material to static fermentation for 18-21 d.
2. The method of treating organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein, in step (2), the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature is selected from one or more of protease-producing aerobic bacteria, amylase-producing aerobic bacteria, cellulase-producing aerobic bacteria, lignin-degrading aerobic bacteria or refractory organic matter-degrading aerobic bacteria; wherein the refractory organic matter comprises one or more of lignin, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, an organophosphorus farm chemical or a heterocyclic compound.
3. The method of treating organic solid wastes according to claim 2, wherein, the microorganism for degradation at a high temperature is selected from one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, white rot fungi, and thermoactinomyces.
4. The method of treating organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein, in step (3), the extreme thermophilic bacteria are selected from one or more of Thermus thermophilus, Calditerricolayamamurae, and Calditerricolasatsumensis.
5. The method of treating organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein, in step (1), the wet material of organic solid wastes has a water content of 55-80% and is selected from one or more of livestock and poultry manure, meal waste or urban sludge; and a weight ratio of the wet material of organic solid wastes to the auxiliary material is 20:(2-6).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910882539.7 | 2019-09-18 | ||
| CN201910882539.7A CN110550987A (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2019-09-18 | Method for treating organic solid waste and biological organic fertilizer prepared by method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2020101640A4 true AU2020101640A4 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
Family
ID=68740622
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2020101640A Ceased AU2020101640A4 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2020-08-04 | Method of treating organic solid wastes and biological organic fertilizer prepared thereby |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110550987A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2020101640A4 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107142210A (en) * | 2017-04-23 | 2017-09-08 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A kind of compound method of hard stalk fermentation microbial inoculum |
| CN112279697A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-01-29 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Biological bacterial fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116217032A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-06-06 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Equipment and process for cooperatively treating sludge and agricultural waste |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111392279B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-24 | 同济大学 | Ecological intelligent collection method for household garbage for realizing clean epidemic prevention and resource utilization in source |
| CN111533416B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-04-08 | 宇恒(南京)环保装备科技有限公司 | Method for solid-liquid synergistic aerobic biological fermentation of high-nutrition waste organic matters |
| CN111632998A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for efficiently and microbially degrading kitchen waste |
| CN113402317B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2022-09-02 | 东北大学 | Method for reducing carbon emission through cooperation of hydrothermal carbonization and organic solid waste high-temperature fermentation |
| CN113600600B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2022-06-10 | 清华大学 | Auxiliary heat enhanced kitchen garbage rapid biological drying system and method |
| CN113695364A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-26 | 陕西环保产业研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive solid waste treatment process based on low-temperature dehumidification and drying and high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology |
| CN113846029A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-28 | 陕西环保产业研究院有限公司 | Application method of high-temperature aerobic fermentation biological agent with agricultural solid waste as matrix |
| CN113943675A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-18 | 湖南泰洁环保科技有限公司 | Method for treating kitchen waste by using ultra-high temperature microbial inoculum |
| CN114260308B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-06-06 | 同济大学 | Repairing method for organochlorine pesticide polluted soil field |
| CN117655091A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-03-08 | 日照城投环境科技集团有限公司 | Organic solid waste treatment and carbon sink method for mediating land restoration thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104961585B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2018-03-16 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method of two-step fermentation production functional microorganism fertilizer and application |
| CN106966804A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-21 | 临川环境技术（天津）有限公司 | The preparation method and biological organic fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer |
| CN109111256A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-01 | 北京城市矿产资源开发有限公司 | Microbial biomass can convert superhigh temperature fermentation process |
| CN109851400A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-07 | 上海交通大学 | The self-heating sludge superhigh temperature aerobic compost method and device of strain temperature control stage by stage |
-
2019
- 2019-09-18 CN CN201910882539.7A patent/CN110550987A/en active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-08-04 AU AU2020101640A patent/AU2020101640A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107142210A (en) * | 2017-04-23 | 2017-09-08 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | A kind of compound method of hard stalk fermentation microbial inoculum |
| CN112279697A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-01-29 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Biological bacterial fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116217032A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-06-06 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Equipment and process for cooperatively treating sludge and agricultural waste |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110550987A (en) | 2019-12-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2020101640A4 (en) | Method of treating organic solid wastes and biological organic fertilizer prepared thereby | |
| Gou et al. | Inoculation with a psychrotrophic-thermophilic complex microbial agent accelerates onset and promotes maturity of dairy manure-rice straw composting under cold climate conditions | |
| Zhou et al. | A new strategy for co-composting dairy manure with rice straw: Addition of different inocula at three stages of composting | |
| Alattar et al. | Effects of microaerobic fermentation and black soldier fly larvae food scrap processing residues on the growth of corn plants (Zea mays) | |
| CN101863692B (en) | Method for preparing bioorganic fertilizer by using city life sludge | |
| CN104961585B (en) | A kind of method of two-step fermentation production functional microorganism fertilizer and application | |
| CN202988933U (en) | Sludge treatment land resource utilization system | |
| Kananam et al. | Biochemical changes during oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches composting with decanter sludge and chicken manure | |
| CN106278417A (en) | A kind of method utilizing municipal sludge to produce biological organic fertilizer | |
| CN107338200B (en) | High-temperature composting method without adding auxiliary materials and adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio | |
| Ugak et al. | Comparative study on passive aerated in-vessel composting of food wastes with the addition of sabah ragi | |
| Sadeli et al. | The comparative of activator effect and fermentation time on nutrient quality, physical quality (temperature, pH) in compost | |
| CN101774836A (en) | Method for mixed composting of dredging silt and life sludge by composite microorganism | |
| CN115368195A (en) | Sludge composting method and application thereof | |
| CN110156539A (en) | Pig manure method for innocent treatment and device | |
| Cecchi et al. | Anaerobic digestion and composting in an integrated strategy for managing vegetable residues from agro-industries or sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste | |
| Etesami et al. | Microbial bioconversion of agricultural wastes for rural sanitation and soil carbon enrichment | |
| CN115160081A (en) | Composting method suitable for low-temperature environment | |
| KR102217394B1 (en) | Organic waste fertilizing method and organic waste fertilizing device used therein | |
| WO2005051868A1 (en) | Procedure for composting of communal waste water sludge | |
| Suwoyo et al. | The effect of various decomposers on quality of organic fertilizer originated from solid waste of super intensive shrimp pond | |
| CN113526998A (en) | Kitchen waste liquid fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN109250883B (en) | Sludge treatment method | |
| CN113583919A (en) | Solid complex microbial inoculant for improving cow dung fermentation effect and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN112225596A (en) | Processing method of bio-organic fertilizer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| MK22 | Patent ceased section 143a(d), or expired - non payment of renewal fee or expiry |