CN104193426A - Method and equipment for fermenting and drying excrement in one step - Google Patents
Method and equipment for fermenting and drying excrement in one step Download PDFInfo
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- CN104193426A CN104193426A CN201410318401.1A CN201410318401A CN104193426A CN 104193426 A CN104193426 A CN 104193426A CN 201410318401 A CN201410318401 A CN 201410318401A CN 104193426 A CN104193426 A CN 104193426A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and equipment for fermenting and drying excrement in one step, and particularly relates to an aerobic fermentation method which is carried out by utilizing normal-pressure aerated fermentation equipment. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing chopped dry straws or fermented organic fertilizer or other organic materials as water-absorbing raw material, adding or not adding an organic material decomposition agent, mixing with excrement, or directly spreading the raw material to a livestock and poultry pen or a toilet latrine to absorb moisture in excrement, regulating the moisture content of the mixture to 30-50%, fermenting the mixture in fermentation equipment; stopping fermentation when the fermentation temperature in the material is increased to over 55 DEG C and then cooled to lower than 35 DEG C, and carrying out after-ripening so that the moisture content of the organic fertilizer is not greater than 15%. The fermenting equipment adopts a thermal-insulation moisture-preserving screen frame box cluster, a thermal-insulation moisture-preserving screen frame box motorcade and a sunshine euthermic fermenting room; in the fermenting environment, a temperature is controlled to be over 16 DEG C and humidity is controlled to be lower than 60% and ventilation condition is good; when a granular organic fertilizer is prepared, fermenting is carried out after pelletizing, so that the fermenting and drying are completed in one step, and thus, processes of drying and exhausting fume are omitted.
Description
One, technical field:
The method and apparatus that the dry step of a kind of manure fermentation completes belongs to microorganism aerobic fermentation process and apparatus field.
Two, background technology
With ight soil, manufacture particulate state fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer, because water content in ight soil is too high, conventionally will adjust moisture through (1), (2) batching fermentation, (3) pulverize and sieve, (4) granulation, (5) dry (6) screening packing 6 procedures.Adjusting the most frequently used method of moisture is to spread Exposure to Sunlight out, reduces water content.Solarization method floor space is large, odor pollution environment, and threshing ground has become fly breeding place, is dirty and messy smelly severely afflicated area.Adjusting moisture another kind method is that baking is dry.Baking energy consumption is high, flue dust and smell pollution environment.The production method of granular organic fertilizer and granular bioorganic fertilizer, most of producer adopts first fermentation, then adds water granulation, then heating, drying fertiliser granulates.The particulate state fertilizer of this explained hereafter and particulate state biological organic fertilizer, water content is lower, and pellet hardness is higher, and storage time is long, can meet the needs of machine sowing; Its weak point is: 1. production cost is high, one ton of fertilizer of every production, about 150～200 yuan of left and right of cost; 2. take a lot of work consuming time; 3. contaminate environment, drying means is used roller drying conventionally, and hot blast is blown over cylinder and is taken away the moisture on particle, blows away the dust pollution air of fertilizer simultaneously, even if there is waste removal equipment, also unavoidable polluted air; 4. drying course has killed a part of beneficial microorganism, has destroyed the active substance of a part of non-refractory, has lost a part of volatile substances, has reduced fertilizer efficiency.The patent No. is that ZL03109489.9 has introduced the production method that a kind of fermentation dried step of granular organic fertilizer of first granulation secondary fermentation completes.It has saved the energy, has reduced pollution, and the weak point of existence is: 1., after fermentation, the lower hardness of organic fertilizer particles, often can not meet machine sowing needs; 2. granular fertilizer water content 20% left and right, water content is still higher, continues fermentation after pack, and the steam of generation condenses into water on sack top, forms viscosity mud shape material, and inconvenient machine sowing is used; 3. it is to adopt Dutch stack process fermentation, and fermentation needs turning, takes a lot of work consuming time, and fermentation time reaches first quarter moon, even longer.Patent documentation CN102603380A has introduced a kind of method that a fermentation dried step completes, and the humidity of fermentation materials is controlled at 50%～75%, and fermenting process makes moisture evaporation, can make fertilizer dry, and product water content is in 20% left and right.Weak point is: 1. product water content is higher, and fertilizer can continue fermentation, and commercial fertilizer is not easy to the long period and deposits; 2. fermentation equipment cost is higher, can not move, and range of application is restricted.Utility model patent CN202099212U has introduced one group of normal pressure aerobic fermentation equipment, its core heat and moisture preserving Double-level Reticulated aerobic fermentation frame group, although have many good qualities, still have weak point, its Double-level Reticulated ventilation frame is heavier, manually move dismounting more difficult, during fermentation materials transportation, also need refill in transportation means, be necessary to improve.
Three, goal of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of organic fertilizer fermentation method and apparatus that a dry step completes, the method and apparatus that particularly provides a kind of fermentation dried step that discharge ight soil (the lower ight soil that is called for short) soon can be made into granular organic fertilizer to complete, utilize the biological heat producing in fermenting process by dry materials, fermentation and a dry step complete, and fermentation materials water content is reached below 15%, be convenient to preserve, and meet the needs of the granulated fertilizer machine sowings such as organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer;
Four, inventive principle
The present invention ponders a problem from whole biomass organic refuse treating system; totally consider; overall arrangement; with reform offal treatment system, reform organic fertilizer production system, take energy-saving and emission-reduction, environmental protection is target; from China's agricultural, take small peasant economy as main to cooperative economy, the excessive reality of mass-producing batch production; simple and practical, small-sized set that invention be take, with low cost be feature, be both applicable to smallholder and use, be also applicable to He great factory of cooperative society and use.
Five, summary of the invention: the method and apparatus that a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete
1, the method and apparatus that the dry step of manure fermentation completes, its method is a kind of solid aerobic fermentation that utilizes normal pressure aerobic fermentation equipment to carry out, and it is characterized in that:
I. utilize the broken dry straw of hand hay cutter, or utilize the dry fertilizer fermenting, or utilize other dry organic materials as the raw material that absorbs moisture, and add or do not add organic matter decomposing inoculant, mix with ight soil, or the latrine pit that they is directly spread to livestock and poultry circle or lavatory absorbs too much moisture in ight soil, and the water content of mixture is adjusted to 30～50%, and mixture is put in fermentation equipment and fermented; Fermentation equipment is selected heat and moisture preserving net frame box group and heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet and proving room thereof; Fermentation equipment is placed on ferment in the open, or is placed on fermentation in proving room; Yeasting, or the envrionment conditions of proving room: medial temperature is controlled at more than 16 ℃, humidity is below 60%, and is convenient to ventilation.
Utilize dry straw or other dry organic materials as the water-retaining agent that regulates fermentation material water content, baking ight soil and Exposure to Sunlight ight soil are converted into solarization stalk, solved Exposure to Sunlight ight soil or baking excrement and urine polluting environment problem.
Dry straw or other dry organic materials and decomposing agent are spread to livestock and poultry circle or spread lavatory latrine pit and have four large benefits: 1. in the adjustment of livestock and poultry circle, reduce organic materials water content, avoid transportation because of moisture too large, addle trickling, pollutes on the way; 2. organic matter decomposing inoculant is spread to livestock and poultry circle, fermentation procedure is advanceed to when ight soil produces and carry out, this is conducive to deodorizing, improves the hygienic condition of livestock and poultry circle; 3. north of china in winter is cold, be unfavorable for fermentation, the measure of heating is often taked in livestock and poultry circle chamber, and medial temperature is controlled at 18 ℃ of left and right, dry straw and organic matter decomposing inoculant are sprinkling upon to livestock and poultry circle in advance, gather up ight soil and organic materials mixture, make water content reach fermentation requirement, and can make full use of the heat that material absorbs at livestock and poultry circle, fermentation while hot, quick heating, temperature is high, changes the situation that north of china in winter should not ferment; Fermentation at livestock and poultry circle belongs to the fermentation that middle psychrophile participates in, and the fermentation of putting into fermentation equipment is mainly the fermentation that middle high temperature microbe participates in; Adopt fermentation in this way, the microbe species that participates in fermentation is many, and the enzyme class of generation is how active strong, and organic matter fermentation is more abundant; 4. for forbidding that crop straw burning work provides a kind of method of efficiently utilizing stalk, for overcoming straw directly returning to field, disease and pest is yet entered to the shortcoming in field, the new method of utilizing is provided;
Ii. in the time of below leavening temperature rises to more than 55 ℃, is then down to 35 ℃, stop fermentation, extract stockpile is put into workshop after-ripening, makes water content reach 15%, directly as fertilizer; Or the dry fertilizer fermenting is used as to water suction material spreads livestock and poultry circle again or latrine pit is used for adjusting material moisture; Or sieved, sieve as pulvis and macrobead bits two portions, be used separately as the water suction material of fertilizer and adjustment fermentation raw material water content, or as the raw material of further processing.
With the dry fertilizer fermenting, as water-retaining agent, spread into livestock and poultry circle or latrine pit and have three large benefits: 1. solved and lacked the problem that dry straw regulates moisture, guarantee that the method that the dry step of manure fermentation completes can also can implement when lacking dry straw, for utilizing the dry condition of having created extensive utilization of biological heat; 2. with dry fertilizer that ferment or by fermentation, as water-retaining agent, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms are brought into organic materials, can promote fermentation, reduce or do not add organic matter decomposing inoculant; 3. ight soil ratio is easier to fermentation decomposition, is difficult for lengthy fermentation; Straw-like materials Mierocrystalline cellulose content of lignin is high, is difficult for decomposing, and is re-used as water-retaining agent fermentation after sub-sieve, is conducive to it and fully decomposes, and also saves the dry energy of baking.
Iii. not only ight soil can ferment in this way, and the processing of farm products residue that moisture content is high, sick fruit, rotten leaf, weeds, adopting biomass domestic garbage, can ferment in this way.
The method of these biomass wastes of conventional processing be stack everywhere, buried, burn.Stack contaminate environment everywhere, grow disease and pest.Buried pretty troublesome.Burn contaminate environment, waste resource.This method of fermenting by fermentation equipment in time, can kill disease pest and weed in time, and decomposing pesticide residual hazard, can also be translated into microbial organic fertilizer, is a kind of purification sublimity, administers the good method of polluting recycling.
2, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its method is a kind of aerobic fermentation method that utilizes normal pressure aerobic fermentation equipment to carry out, and it is characterized in that:
I. will ferment, dry fertilizer pulvis through screening is expected as water suction, and add 0～15% tackiness agent, add or do not add organic matter decomposing inoculant, directly with the ight soil blending of shipping, or spread the moisture of the latrine pit hyperabsorption in livestock and poultry circle or lavatory, after collection, blending, granulation, polishing, make fermentation materials particle water content reach 25～45%, particle is put in fermentation equipment and fermented;
For more open material, add tackiness agent and be conducive to enhanced granule hardness.With the dry fertilizer pulvis through screening, as water-retaining agent, regulate material moisture, can replace or save organic matter decomposing inoculant, accelerate material and decompose; Some of them can absorb the beneficial microorganism of the volatile toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, can deodorization and disinfection improve the environment of livestock and poultry circle;
Ii. leavening temperature rises to more than 55 ℃ in the material, is then down to 35 ℃ when following, stops fermentation, takes out fertiliser granulates, sieves, and defective particle returns to processing again, and qualified granulation mass is put into workshop after-ripening, make fertiliser granulates water content reach≤15%.
The method of this first granulation secondary fermentation, makes full use of the biological heat that organic materials fermentation produces, and a fermentation dried step is completed, and guarantee fertilizer water content reach≤15%.This mainly relies on and regulates the water content of fermentation material, the fermentation equipment of insulation ventilation and the temperature humidity of controlled fermentation chamber or yeasting, makes it produce higher temperature, and moisture evaporation is very fast.
Iii. adhesive therefor is clay, wilkinite, or these are difficult for the material being decomposed by microorganism to select weathered coal sodium humate.
3, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its fermentation equipment is a kind of heat and moisture preserving net frame box group, it is characterized in that:
I. heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is comprised of net frame box (1), bracing frame (2) and heat and moisture preserving, and the four sides tank wall of net frame box is four screen frames, and the frame of screen frame surrounds with angle section; Wherein two transverse frame outer ends of a pair of shorter screen frame arrange the draw-in groove (3) stretching out, and draw-in groove card is put another to compared with the corner of fourdrinier wire frame; Draw-in groove has three cell walls, i.e. inwall, outer wall and sidewall; On the relative inner and outer wall of each draw-in groove, be respectively provided with a corresponding draw-in groove hole, i.e. inner card cage hole (4) and wild card slotted eye (5); Jack (6) on another screen frame frame that the position in draw-in groove hole, size are put with card mates, and be provided with T-shaped latch post (7), the length of latch post can be passed wild card slotted eye, jack, San Ge hole, inner card cage hole and had a surplus, and its length surplus capacity reaches more than 1 times; Longer screen frame middle part is provided with one or several outstanding net navel (8), and 1～3 centimetre of net navel is high; Hold up two pairs of screen frames, by longer screen frame (14) corner with shorter screen frame (13) frame draw-in groove to good, plug latch post (7), form net frame box, just deployed fermentation materials can be put into net frame box and ferment; 1～2 meter of the height of net frame box, so that handling material is operating as principle; 1～4 meter of the length of net frame box, take that its weight is convenient to dismounting operation and adaptive yeasting is principle; 0.2～1.2 meter of net frame box width, is as the criterion with fermentation material granular size and gas permeability requirements; Net sheet width of mesh and twine thickness with material do not leak outside, net sheet indeformable being as the criterion substantially; Net frame box is close to composition net frame box group placed side by side, and net navel separates net frame box, forms ventilation layered suture between net frame box; Some T-shaped bracing frames are set, bracing frame is arranged in parallel and is inserted in the material of net frame box relatively fixingly, and the screen frame on T-shaped crossbeam and both sides is connected and fixed, fixing with several ropes bindings between crossbeam, form reticulated structure, then with the capped net frame box group of heat and moisture preserving; The reticulated structure that bracing frame forms is propped heat and moisture preserving quilt, in formation space, fermentation materials top; Covering and heat insulating moisturizing by time note below between net frame box space place and top leave ventilating pit and stitch; Heat and moisture preserving net frame box group energy is used enough in the wild, or is placed in the proving room that can control temperature humidity and uses, and avoids bad climate to disturb fermentation; Net frame box group can use by cluster, also can use separately by single net frame box;
Heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is convenient to, in the biomass collection waste fermentation of generation of waste materials ground, after having fermented, material is transported to warehouse.The heat and moisture preserving Double-level Reticulated aerobic fermentation frame group that heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is CN202099212U than the patent No. is lighter, and the screen frame of same area reduces half than the weight of Double-level Reticulated ventilation frame, makes dismounting more convenient operation.
4, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its fermentation equipment is a kind of heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet: its feature is:
I. fermentation equipment heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet is comprised of some screen frame boxcars (9), T-shaped bracing frame and heat and moisture preserving, and screen frame boxcar is comprised of net frame box, flat-bed trailer (10); The length of net frame box, high take transportation, easy to operate be basis, the width of net frame box is definite according to material particles size and ventilation situation; A screen frame boxcar can be laid 1 and between net frame box, leave louver to several net frame boxs, and the width of louver is by net navel limitation in height; Good for requiring aeration condition, the fermentation material that raw meal particle size is less, need the net frame box that width is less, several net frame boxs are arranged on same car, and its adjacent screen frame top of adjacent net frame box is provided with the blocking material plate (11) connecting with loose-leaf, works as when filling with substance, blocking material plate is toppled over outward towards its net frame box, adjacent net frame box blocking material plate leans on mutually, forms ridged charging guide plate, will fall to the material guiding net frame box in net frame box gap; The screen frame lower frame of net frame box arranges some pins (12); Flat-bed trailer arranges deflecting roller and the traction hook that 360 degree turn to, by power car pulling motion, or Manual-pushing; Net frame box is contained on flat-bed trailer, and the pin of screen frame injects in jack corresponding on flat-bed trailer flat board; Screen frame boxcar is close to composition placed side by side fermentation fleet, and the net navel (8) between screen frame boxcar contacts, and forms ventilation layered suture between screen frame boxcar; Some T-shaped bracing frames are installed on screen frame boxcar, and the reticulated structure of bracing frame is propped heat and moisture preserving quilt;
Heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet can be used in the wild, or is placed in the proving room that can control temperature humidity and uses, and avoids bad climate to disturb fermentation; Heat and moisture preserving screen frame boxcar cluster is used, or single independent use;
Screen frame boxcar is convenient at generation of waste materials ground biomass collection waste, or car load is transported to proving room fermentation after compounding plant is filled car, or after having fermented, is transported to warehouse; Screen frame boxcar can directly transport by car load, reduces the number of times of loading-unloading vehicle, relatively saving of labor.
5, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, the proving room of its fermentation equipment is that a kind of daylight heats proving room, it is characterized in that:
I. proving room is manufactured with lagging material, and sunny slope transparent material, or uses Double-layered transparent material; In the shade the door that input and output material is set, or be provided with the door of a plurality of input and output materials;
Ii. on proving room top transparent material, add a cover again thermal insulating shutter, to preserve sun power;
Iii. the top of proving room is provided with aiutage, or is provided with a plurality of aiutages; The middle part of proving room turnover bin gate is provided with adjustable air inlet port; Utilize the pressure difference of the temperature head generation of the inside and outside gas of proving room to get rid of indoor gas, or in aiutage, establish exhaust fan, forced exhaust;
6, the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, the heat and moisture preserving of its fermentation equipment is a kind of sponge quilt, it is characterized in that:
I. sponge is comprised of two layers of plastic film quilt cover and sponge core;
Ii. fixedly nylon male and female long, rectangular bag bar or long, rectangular bag piece respectively on the limit, two sides of sponge quilt, so that sponge is overlapped mutually;
Iii. the size of sponge quilt is with its weight convenient operation, and location positioning used.
Six, accompanying drawing explanation
1, reference numeral explanation
Net frame box (1), bracing frame (2), draw-in groove (3), inner card cage hole (4), wild card slotted eye (5), jack (6), T-shaped latch post (7), net navel (8), screen frame boxcar (9), flat-bed trailer (10), blocking material plate (11), pin (12), short screen frame (13), fourdrinier wire frame (14);
2, accompanying drawing explanation
I. accompanying drawing 1: zymotechnique schema
Ii. accompanying drawing 2: net frame box group, bracing frame schematic diagram
Iii. accompanying drawing 3: net frame box, draw-in groove and latch post schematic diagram
Iv. accompanying drawing 4: net frame box fleet schematic diagram
Seven, embodiment
Embodiment mono-.The example that the fermentation dried step of the muck such as feces of livestock and poultry and human excrement completes.Utilize the broken dry straw of hand hay cutter, as the raw material that absorbs moisture, and add appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant, just mix with chicken manure, or mix with swine excrement, or just mix with cow dung, or mix with human faecal mass, the water content of mixture is adjusted to 30～50%, mixture is put into heat and moisture preserving screen frame boxcar, 0.5～0.7 meter of the net frame box width of screen frame boxcar, screen frame boxcar is filled rear placed side by sidely heat in proving room to daylight, and bracing frame is installed, cover sponge quilt, close turnover bin gate, start blow and vent system, normally fermentation; The envrionment conditions of proving room: medial temperature is controlled at more than 16 ℃, and humidity is below 60%; 2～3 days material temperatures of fermenting can reach more than 55 ℃, the highlyest can reach 75 ℃, continue fermentation 5～7 days, and temperature is down to below 35 ℃, stop fermentation, take out material and can directly be used as rough fertilizer; Or put storehouse after-ripening into 1～2 week, then pass through sub-sieve, fine powder is as organic commercial fertilizer, its water content can reach≤and 15%, dregs are mixed into ight soil and are fermented as water-retaining agent.If fermentation material water content is too high, or envrionment temperature is lower, or ambient moisture is larger, or the width of net frame box is larger, needs proper extension fermentation time.Daylight heats proving room can charging discharging every day, continuously ferments.
Embodiment 2, and a fermentation dried step of the excrement particles fertilizer such as livestock and poultry circle and lavatory human excrement completes example.The dry organic fertilizer pulvis fermenting is used as to water suction material to be spread livestock and poultry circle again and is used for adjusting and absorbs too much moisture in material, make material moisture reach 25～45%, collect mixture, add suitable amount of adhesive, raw material is the clay that adds dry matter weight 7～15% of cow dung and 0～3% weathered coal sodium humate, raw material is 5～10% the clay that adds dry matter weight of pig manure and 0～3% weathered coal sodium humate, raw material is 0～5% the clay that adds dry matter weight of chicken manure and 0～3% weathered coal sodium humate, stirs; Then granulation, throwing circle, put screen frame boxcar into; 0.5～0.7 meter of screen frame boxcar net frame box width, after screen frame boxcar is filled, being transported to daylight, to heat proving room placed side by side, plug bracing frame, build sponge quilt, close the door of proving room, open ventilation system, 2～3 days material temperatures of fermenting can reach more than 55 ℃, top temperature can reach 75 ℃, then 5～7 days temperature of fermenting are down to below 35 ℃, stops fermentation, release screen frame boxcar, by granule sieving, qualified particle is delivered to storehouse, and after-ripening is standby after 1～2 week, defective particle is done over again and is reproduced, or spreads livestock and poultry circle as excess water in water-retaining agent absorption ight soil; Daylight heats the envrionment conditions of proving room: medial temperature is controlled at more than 16 ℃, and humidity is controlled at below 60%.If envrionment temperature is lower, or particle water content is higher, or ambient moisture is too large, or net frame box width is larger, and fermentation time can proper extension.Daylight heats proving room can charging discharging every day, continuously ferments.
Embodiment 3: sick fruit, rotten leaf, the fermentation dried step of weeds that field moisture content is large complete example.In warm season, wheat bran, dry edible mushrooms dregs, rice chaff and appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant are pre-mixed, the organic materials high at moisture contents such as field and sick fruit, rotten leaf, weeds mixes, adjust moisture content and reach 30～50%, then put into net frame box group, plug bracing frame, build sponge quilt, 7～10 days temperature of fermenting rise to 55 ℃ and are down to again above below 35 ℃, and moisture content of material reaches 15% left and right, can directly as fertilizer, spread field.If urgently needed, fermenting to kill wherein for 3 days can be used as fertilizer after disease and pest.Environment medial temperature is more than 16 ℃, and humidity is below 60%.If envrionment temperature is lower, or ambient moisture is higher, or net frame box width is larger, answers proper extension fermentation time.
Embodiment 4, and dry animal excrement granulating and drying one step completes example.By the dry animal excrement pulvis through screening, add appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant, and add 0～15% tackiness agent, raw material is 7～15% the clay that adds dry matter weight of cow dung and 0～3% weathered coal sodium humate, raw material is 5～10% the clay that adds dry matter weight of pig manure and 0～3% weathered coal sodium humate, raw material is 0～5% the clay that adds dry matter weight of chicken manure and 0～3% weathered coal sodium humate, stirs; Then granulation, throw circle, put in the net frame box that daylight heats proving room, net frame box is placed side by side, 0.5～0.7 meter of net frame box width, after net frame box is filled, plugs bracing frame, build sponge quilt, close the door of proving room, open ventilation system, 2～3 days material temperatures of fermenting can reach more than 55 ℃, and top temperature can reach 75 ℃, then 5～7 days temperature of fermenting are down to below 35 ℃, stop fermentation, from net frame box, take material away and sieve, qualified particle is delivered to storehouse, and after-ripening 1～2 week is standby; Defective particle is done over again and is reproduced; Daylight heats the envrionment conditions of proving room: medial temperature is controlled at more than 16 ℃, and humidity is controlled at below 60%.If envrionment temperature is lower, or particle water content is higher, or ambient moisture is too large, or net frame box width is larger, and fermentation time can proper extension.Daylight heats proving room can charging discharging every day, continuously ferments.
Embodiment 5, and a fermentation dried step of cities and towns biomass organic waste completes embodiment.In corner, community, place net frame box group, the biomass organic wastes such as the weeds of sorting, leaf, swill, decayed fruit, rotten vegetable leaf are transported to net frame box group side, add the dry fertilizer and the appropriate organic matter decomposing inoculant that fermented, make water content reach 30～50%, through pulverizing, put into net frame box, net frame box group is placed side by side, net frame box is plugged bracing frame after filling, and covers sponge quilt, ferments 7～10 days, material temperature rises to more than 55 ℃, be down to below 35 ℃ again, can stop fermentation, fermentation materials can be as fertilizer for local plantation flowers and plants.Net frame box group continued access as required, infinitely expands, and uses continuously.
Eight, the advantage of invention:
1. utilize dry straw or other dry organic materials as the water-retaining agent that regulates fermentation material water content, baking ight soil and Exposure to Sunlight ight soil are converted into solarization stalk, solved Exposure to Sunlight ight soil or baking excrement and urine polluting environment problem; For forbidding that crop straw burning work provides a kind of method of efficiently utilizing stalk, for overcoming straw directly returning to field, disease and pest is yet entered to the shortcoming in field, the new method of utilizing is provided;
2. dry straw or other dry organic materials and organic matter decomposing inoculant are spread to livestock and poultry circle or spread lavatory latrine pit and have three large benefits: 1. in the adjustment of livestock and poultry circle, reduce organic materials water content, avoid transportation because of moisture too large, addle trickling, pollutes on the way; 2. organic matter decomposing inoculant is spread to livestock and poultry circle, fermentation procedure is advanceed to when ight soil produces and carry out, this is conducive to deodorizing, improves the hygienic condition of livestock and poultry circle; 3. north of china in winter is cold, be unfavorable for fermentation, the measure of heating is often taked in livestock and poultry circle chamber, and medial temperature is controlled at 18 ℃ of left and right, dry straw and organic matter decomposing inoculant are sprinkling upon to livestock and poultry circle in advance, gather up ight soil and organic materials mixture, make water content reach fermentation requirement, and can make full use of the heat that material absorbs at livestock and poultry circle, fermentation while hot, quick heating, temperature is high, changes the situation that north of china in winter should not ferment; Fermentation at livestock and poultry circle belongs to middle psychrophile fermentation, and the fermentation of putting into fermentation equipment is mainly middle high temperature microbe fermentation; Adopt fermentation in this way, the microbe species that participates in fermentation is many, and the enzyme class of generation is how active strong, and organic matter fermentation is more abundant;
3. with the dry fertilizer fermenting, as water-retaining agent, spread into livestock and poultry circle or lavatory latrine pit and have four large benefits: 1. solved and lacked the problem that dry straw regulates moisture, guarantee that the method that the dry step of manure fermentation completes can also can implement when lacking dry straw, for utilizing the dry condition of having created extensive utilization of biological heat; 2. with dry fertilizer that ferment or by fermentation, as water-retaining agent, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms are brought into organic materials, can promote fermentation, reduce or do not add organic matter decomposing inoculant; 3. ight soil ratio is easier to fermentation decomposition, is difficult for lengthy fermentation; And straw-like materials Mierocrystalline cellulose content of lignin is high, be difficult for decomposing, after sub-sieve, be re-used as water-retaining agent fermentation, be conducive to it and fully decompose, also save the dry energy of baking; 4. with the dry fertilizer pulvis through screening, as water-retaining agent, regulate material moisture, can replace or save organic matter decomposing inoculant, accelerate material and decompose; Some of them can absorb the beneficial microorganism of the volatile toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, can deodorization and disinfection improve the environment of livestock and poultry circle;
4. for cow dung, these more open materials of pig manure, add tackiness agent and be conducive to enhanced granule hardness, adapt to the needs of granulated fertilizer machine sowing.
The method of these biomass wastes such as conventional processing deadwood and rotten leaf, weeds, sick fruit be stack everywhere, buried, burning.Stack contaminate environment everywhere, grow disease and pest.Buried pretty troublesome.Burn contaminate environment, waste resource.This method of fermenting by fermentation equipment in time, can kill disease pest and weed in time, and decomposing pesticide residual hazard, can also be translated into microbial organic fertilizer, is a kind of environment purification, administers and pollutes, the good method of refuse reclamation.
6. the method for this first granulation secondary fermentation, makes full use of the biological heat that organic materials fermentation produces, and a fermentation dried step is completed, and guarantee fertilizer water content reach≤15%.Method is economized degranulation baking link, and not only save energy, goes back decontamination, and waste removal equipment needn't be set.
7. the processing of rural toilet human excrement and feces of livestock and poultry has several different methods.1. construction of marsh gas tank, carries out biogas fermentation.This is a good method.The problem existing is at present that biogas residue and biogas liquid fertilizer nutrient is too low, and major part is moisture, and traffic capacity is large, and subsequent disposal work more bothers, and has electric local peasant to be unwilling to use; 2. Jian Shui lavatory, rushes in latrine pit by fecaluria, then extracts Xi ight soil and shines half-dried fermentation, or sell argol.This method waste water resource, lavatory He Shai in summer middenstead has become fly breeding place, shines middenstead contaminate environment.3. water rushes livestock and poultry circle, and livestock and poultry circle is clean, fecal sewage crossing current, and foul smell is unpleasant, contaminate environment; 5. non-irrigated lavatory.Water shortage in north china, Shi Han lavatory, most rural area.Fecaluria, rubbish, sewage are all filled into lavatory stack retting.Although management ight soil is saved trouble, the odor pollution air that spontaneous fermentation produces, summer, lavatory became fly breeding place, and group fly disorderly dance is rural area feature, very easily to people and animals, spreads disease.Utilize the present invention to address the above problem well.The quantity of getting rid of ight soil according to estimation every day, by cutting up with a hay cutter broken dry straw powder and the mixture of organic matter decomposing inoculant, spread into livestock and poultry circle or lavatory latrine pit in advance, discharge collects stalk in the fecaluria same day or 2～3 days and ight soil mixture focuses on fermentation, material stirring is prepared burden, put heat and moisture preserving net frame box Qun He net frame box fleet and daylight thereof into and heat proving room fermentation, not only administer and pollute, also eliminate disease worm poison, ably done can be eliminated the disorderly situation of dance of rural area group fly, realizes rural area without group fly.
8. improve the present situation that biomass organic waste is processed in cities and towns, become the treating refuse producing microbial fertilizer of making a living.Cities and towns biomass organic waste quantity is huge, and traffic capacity is large, and conventional processing way is to bury, burn.After burying, produce biogas, not only hold fire hazardous, also contaminate environment, damages the ozone layer.Burn contaminate environment, waste resource.The decontamination of sorting fermentation process, for environmental protection cause provides fertilizer, and reduces transportation cost.
9. the microorganism organic fertilizer that the present invention produces, nutrition not only can be provided, can also improve soil, the multiple sick worm of prevention and control, strengthen ability that crop resists drought and waterlogging chill heat, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, improve output and improve crops quality, for agricultural provides fine quality production data, for reducing chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide consumption, production safety agricultural-food are significant.
10. the present invention is of many uses, has both been applicable to smallholder's application, is also applicable to mass-producing batch production and uses throughout the year; Both can cluster use also can use separately.Adopt this invention to reduce than the rotten method floor space of conventional heap, be only its a thirtieth.Fermentation, without turning, is saved man-hour.Fermented quality is even, and product is innoxious.Product odorless.Invention considers a problem from biomass organic waste treatment whole system, overall arrangement, and the whole energy of saving, administers and pollutes, and economic benefit, environmental benefit, social benefit are good.
Claims (6)
1. the method and apparatus that the dry step of manure fermentation completes, its method is a kind of solid aerobic fermentation that utilizes normal pressure aerobic fermentation equipment to carry out, and it is characterized in that:
I. utilize the broken dry straw of hand hay cutter, or utilize the dry fertilizer fermenting, or utilize other dry organic materials as the raw material that absorbs moisture, and add or do not add organic matter decomposing inoculant, mix with ight soil, or the latrine pit that they is directly spread to livestock and poultry circle or lavatory absorbs too much moisture in ight soil, and the water content of mixture is adjusted to 30～50%, and mixture is put in fermentation equipment and fermented; Fermentation equipment is selected heat and moisture preserving net frame box group, heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet and proving room thereof; Fermentation equipment is placed on ferment in the open, or is placed on fermentation in proving room; Yeasting, or the envrionment conditions of proving room: temperature is controlled at more than 16 ℃, humidity is below 60%, and is convenient to ventilation.
Ii. in the time of below leavening temperature rises to more than 55 ℃, is then down to 35 ℃, stop fermentation, extract stockpile is put into workshop after-ripening, makes water content reach 15%, directly as fertilizer; Or the dry fertilizer fermenting is used as to water suction material spreads livestock and poultry circle again or latrine pit is used for adjusting material moisture; Or sieved, sieve as pulvis and macrobead bits two portions, be used separately as the water suction material of fertilizer and adjustment fermentation raw material water content, or as the raw material of further processing.
Iii. not only ight soil can ferment in this way, and the processing of farm products residue that moisture content is high, sick fruit, rotten leaf, weeds, adopting biomass domestic garbage, can ferment in this way.
2. the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its method is a kind of aerobic fermentation method that utilizes normal pressure aerobic fermentation equipment to carry out, and it is characterized in that:
I. will ferment, dry fertilizer pulvis through screening is expected as water suction, and add 0～15% tackiness agent, add or do not add organic matter decomposing inoculant, directly with the ight soil blending of shipping, or spread the moisture of the latrine pit hyperabsorption in livestock and poultry circle or lavatory, after collection, blending, granulation, polishing, make fermentation materials particle water content reach 25～45%, particle is put in fermentation equipment and fermented;
Ii. leavening temperature rises to more than 55 ℃ in the material, is then down to 35 ℃ when following, stops fermentation, takes out fertiliser granulates, sieves, and defective particle returns to processing again, and qualified granulation mass is put into workshop after-ripening, make fertiliser granulates water content reach≤15%.
Iii. adhesive therefor is clay, wilkinite, or these are difficult for the material being decomposed by microorganism to select weathered coal sodium humate.
3. the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its fermentation equipment is a kind of heat and moisture preserving net frame box group, it is characterized in that:
I. heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is comprised of net frame box, bracing frame and heat and moisture preserving, and the four sides tank wall of net frame box is four screen frames, and the frame of screen frame surrounds with angle section; Wherein two transverse frame outer ends of a pair of shorter screen frame arrange the draw-in groove stretching out, and card is put another to compared with the corner of fourdrinier wire frame; Draw-in groove has four sides cell wall, i.e. inwall, outer wall, sidewall and upper wall or lower wall; On the relative inner and outer wall of each draw-in groove, be respectively provided with a corresponding draw-in groove hole, be inner card cage hole and wild card slotted eye, jack on another screen frame frame that the position in draw-in groove hole, size are put with card mates, and be provided with T-shaped latch post, the length of latch post can be passed wild card slotted eye, jack, San Ge hole, inner card cage hole and had a surplus, and its length surplus capacity reaches more than 1 times; Longer screen frame middle part is provided with one or several outstanding net navel, and 1～3 centimetre of net navel is high; Hold up two pairs of screen frames, by longer screen frame corner with shorter screen frame frame draw-in groove to good, plug latch post, form net frame box, just deployed fermentation materials can be put into net frame box and ferment; 1～2 meter of the height of net frame box, so that handling material is operating as principle; 1～4 meter of the length of net frame box, take that its weight is convenient to dismounting operation and adaptive yeasting is principle; 0.2～1.2 meter of net frame box width, is as the criterion with fermentation material granular size and gas permeability requirements; Net sheet width of mesh and twine thickness with material do not leak outside, net sheet indeformable being as the criterion substantially; Net frame box is close to composition net frame box group placed side by side, and net navel separates net frame box, forms ventilation layered suture between net frame box; Some T-shaped bracing frames are set, by bracing frame be arranged in parallel be inserted in the material of net frame box relatively fixing, the screen frame on T-shaped crossbeam and both sides is connected and fixed, fixing with several rope bindings between crossbeam, form reticulated structure, then with the capped net frame box group of heat and moisture preserving, the reticulated structure that bracing frame forms is propped heat and moisture preserving quilt, in formation space, fermentation materials top; Covering and heat insulating moisturizing by time note below between net frame box space place and top leave ventilating pit and stitch; Heat and moisture preserving net frame box group uses in the wild, or is placed in the proving room that can control temperature humidity and uses, and avoids bad climate to disturb fermentation; Net frame box group can use by cluster, also can use separately by single net frame box; Heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is convenient to, in the biomass collection waste fermentation of generation of waste materials ground, after having fermented, material is transported to warehouse.The heat and moisture preserving Double-level Reticulated aerobic fermentation frame group production cost that heat and moisture preserving net frame box group is CN202099212U than the patent No. is low, and the screen frame of same area reduces half than the weight of Double-level Reticulated ventilation frame, makes dismounting more convenient operation.
4. the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, its fermentation equipment is a kind of heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet: its feature is:
I. fermentation equipment heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet is comprised of some screen frame boxcars, T-shaped bracing frame and heat and moisture preserving, and screen frame boxcar is comprised of net frame box, flat-bed trailer; The length of net frame box, high take transportation, easy to operate be basis, the width of net frame box is definite according to material particles size and ventilation situation; A screen frame boxcar can be laid 1 and between net frame box, leave louver to several net frame boxs, and the width of louver is by net navel limitation in height; Good for requiring aeration condition, the fermentation material that raw meal particle size is less, need the net frame box that width is less, several net frame boxs are arranged on same car, and its adjacent screen frame top of adjacent net frame box is provided with the blocking material plate connecting with loose-leaf, works as when filling with substance, blocking material plate is toppled over outward towards its net frame box, adjacent net frame box blocking material plate leans on mutually, forms ridged charging guide plate, will fall to the material guiding net frame box in net frame box gap; The screen frame lower frame of net frame box arranges some pins, and pin is provided with breach, is called locking notch; Flat-bed trailer arranges deflecting roller and the traction hook of 360 degree, by power car pulling motion, or Manual-pushing; Net frame box is contained on flat-bed trailer, the pin of screen frame injects in jack corresponding on flat-bed trailer flat board, under flat-bed trailer bottom surface, each jack side arranges a spring padlock, removed spring padlock, locking bar is advanced to locking notch the place ahead, then presses lower spring padlock, moves the locking notch that sticks into pin after locking bar, locking pin, or the other spring padlock of not establishing of jack; Screen frame boxcar is close to composition placed side by side fermentation fleet, and the net navel between screen frame boxcar contacts, and forms ventilation layered suture between screen frame boxcar; Some T-shaped bracing frames are installed on screen frame boxcar, and the reticulated structure of bracing frame is propped heat and moisture preserving quilt; Heat and moisture preserving net frame box fleet can be used in the wild, or is placed in the proving room that can control temperature humidity and uses, and avoids bad climate to disturb fermentation; Heat and moisture preserving screen frame boxcar cluster is used, or single independent use.
5. the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, the proving room of its fermentation equipment is that a kind of daylight heats proving room, it is characterized in that:
I. proving room is manufactured with lagging material, and sunny slope transparent material, or uses Double-layered transparent material; In the shade the door that input and output material is set, or be provided with the door of a plurality of input and output materials;
Ii. on proving room top transparent material, add a cover again thermal insulating shutter, to preserve sun power;
Iii. the top of proving room is provided with aiutage, or is provided with a plurality of aiutages; The middle part of proving room turnover bin gate is provided with the adjustable air inlet port of size; Utilize the pressure difference of the temperature head generation of the inside and outside gas of proving room to get rid of indoor gas, or in aiutage, establish exhaust fan, forced exhaust.
6. the method and apparatus that the above a kind of manure fermentation, a dry step complete, the heat and moisture preserving of its fermentation equipment is a kind of sponge quilt, it is characterized in that:
I. sponge is comprised of two layers of plastic film quilt cover and sponge core;
Ii. fixedly nylon male and female long, rectangular bag bar or long, rectangular bag piece respectively on the limit, two sides of sponge quilt, so that sponge is overlapped mutually;
Iii. the size of sponge quilt is with its weight convenient operation, and location positioning used.
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