CN104172307A - 一种速溶锥栗粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种速溶锥栗粉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)鲜果挑选;(2)去壳;(3)热烫和护色;(4)漂洗;(5)匀浆;(6)精磨;(7)酶解;(8)调浆;(9)均质;(10)喷雾干燥;(11)等离子体处理;(12)流化床造粒;(13)气调包装;(14)过筛;(15)检验入库。本发明所得的锥栗粉用温开水冲泡即可溶解分散,无团块结成,溶液均匀稳定,口感香甜细腻,是一种食用方便的休闲营养食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种速溶锥栗粉的制备方法。
背景技术
锥栗是我国重要的木本粮食树种之一,广泛分布于南方亚热带地区。锥栗果实外观光洁美观,果肉细腻香甜,营养丰富。近年来,随着经济的发展,锥栗栽培面积不断扩大,产量逐年提高,然而锥栗果不耐贮藏,市场上深加工方法又较少,因此亟待开发一些实用的能提高锥栗附加值的新技术。
目前国内外市场上锥栗加工产品有许多,如糖炒栗子、锥栗仁罐头、锥栗粉、栗子羹等。锥栗粉是锥栗深加工的一种产品,它口感香甜,即冲即饮,较受消费者喜爱,但锥栗粉在冲调时易结成团块,溶解性和分散性不甚理想,而且冲调时需用温度较高的开水,给食用带来诸多的不便。相关文献资料查阅结果显示已有一些关于锥栗粉的制备及其溶解性问题的报到,如,CN 103054095A公开的一种锥栗冲泡颗粒及其制备方法中,介绍了用锥栗粉与藕粉、白莲粉、芝麻香粉等混合制备成一种新型冲泡颗粒的加工方法;2007年33卷第9期的《食品与发酵工业》发表的李琴所著“速溶板栗粉的研制”一文中,阐述了板栗通过酶解和均质等措施提高其溶解性的方法;2003年第6期《食品科技》刊登的杨芙莲所著文章“速溶即食板栗粉的研究”,提供了用均质和喷雾干燥法来提高板栗粉溶解性,用热烫和护色液来防止板栗粉褐变的方法;这些技术方法对于提高板栗或锥栗粉的溶解性有一定的帮助,但最终所得产品仍不是很理想,未能达到用温开水一冲即能溶解,不结团块,且能均匀分散的效果。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术的不足,提供一种速溶锥栗粉的制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:
所述速溶锥栗粉的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)锥栗去壳:在直径为15~22mm的新鲜锥栗果的外壳上划条缝隙,然后置于水温为60~70℃的夹层锅中煮1.5~2min,将锥栗果从水中捞出,待锥栗果冷却至室温后手工剥去外壳和内衣,得到锥栗仁;
(2)热烫和护色:将锥栗仁置于沸水中煮2~3min,捞出后置于复配的护色液中浸泡护色;所述护色液温度为60~70℃,浸泡护色时间为20~30min;
所述的复配护色液由以下质量百分比的原料组成:柠檬酸0.14~0.20%、食盐0.45~0.52%、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.15~0.25%、Vc 0.04~0.06%,其余为水;
(3)漂洗:将经步骤(2)处理的锥栗仁置于清水中漂洗3~4次,每次20~30s;
(4)匀浆:将经步骤(3)漂洗的锥栗仁与水加入打浆机中打浆5~6min,得浆液;锥栗仁与水的质量比为1︰4至1︰5;
(5)精磨:将浆液用100目的滤布过滤,滤液加入到JMS-50变速胶体磨中进行2次~3次精磨,得精磨浆液;
(6)酶解:在精磨浆液中加入中温α-淀粉酶酶解50~60min;酶解温度为60~70℃,pH为5.5~6.5,所述中温α-淀粉酶质量占精磨浆液质量的0.15~0.25%;酶解完成后再用110~120℃的高温灭酶5~7min;
(7)调浆:按酶解后精磨浆液的质量百分比0.7~0.9%,优选为0.8%称取复合稳定剂,接着按复合稳定剂与水的质量比1︰5至1︰8混合溶解,然后将溶解后的复合稳定剂加入酶解后精磨浆液中,混合均匀得锥栗浆液;
所述复合稳定剂由以下质量百分比的原料组成:黄原胶15~20%、大豆卵磷脂15~20%、CMC-Na 15~20%、单甘脂10~15%、白砂糖30~40%、柠檬酸5~10%;
(8)均质:将锥栗浆液置于均质机中均质两次;第一次均质压力为20~25MPa,第二次均质压力为10~15Mpa;两次均质温度均为60~70℃,均质时间为4~6min;
(9)喷雾干燥:在经均质处理后的锥栗浆液中加水调整干物质含量,控制干物质质量百分含量为12~16%,然后进行喷雾干燥,得锥栗粉末;喷雾干燥时控制进风温度为185~195℃,喷雾流量为450~550L/h,进料量为45~55mL/min;
(10)等离子体处理:将锥栗粉末平摊于低温等离子处理仪的载玻片上进行等离子处理1~10min,得细小锥栗粉;等离子体的输入功率为0~100W,空气湿度控制在35~45%;
(11)流化床造粒:将细小锥栗粉加入到顶喷流化床造粒机中进行造粒,得锥栗粉;造粒以质量百分比为1.5~2.5%的麦芽糊精作为粘接剂,控制流化床雾化压力为0.1~0.15MPa,蠕动泵泵速为5.5~6.0r/min,进风温度为65~70℃,物料温度为20~50℃,风机转速1000~1100r/min;
(12)过筛:将所得锥栗粉用60~80目的筛子过筛,以保证锥栗粉颗粒大小均匀一致;
(13)气调包装:将过筛后的锥栗粉用气调包装袋进行气调密封包装;
优选地,步骤(11)所述流化床造粒是指用Mini型流化床制粒机进行锥栗粉造粒;造粒前需将Mini型流化床制粒机在45~50℃的进风温度条件下预热10~15min,然后待其升温至40~45℃时再加入细小锥栗粉造粒。步骤(13)所述气调包装袋采用厚度为0.02~0.03mm铝箔/PE袋。所述气调包装袋中填充CO2和N2;CO2和N2的体积比为45~65%:35~55%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1)本发明通过加入淀粉酶,将锥栗中的天然高分子淀粉酶解成低分子的糊精和可溶性糖类,而这些物质均具有良好的溶解性,而生物酶的专一性,则不会改变其风味物质,所以最终产品仍然具有浓郁的锥栗风味;
2)利用等离子体技术直接对锥栗淀粉粉末进行放电改性,改变淀粉的亲疏水基团,从而提高淀粉的溶解性能。这种改性具有工艺简单、作用时间短、安全性高、废弃物排放少等优点,且易于实现工业化和连续生产;
3)本发明以亲油性的麦芽糊精作为粘合剂,利用流化床造粒技术让细小的淀粉颗粒相互粘连聚集成为具有多孔结构的大颗粒,凭借粘合剂的作用,使得产品具有较好的湿润性、分散性和溶解性;
4)产品采用气体为CO2和N2混合在一起的气调包装,依靠CO2的作用达到防霉防菌作用,进而延长产品的货架期;
5)本发明制得的锥栗粉是一种食用方便的营养品,不仅口感香甜细腻,而且具有良好的冲调性和稳定性,用温开水冲泡即可溶解,溶液均匀稳定,无结团结块现象。
总之,本发明克服了现有技术的不足,提供了一种速溶锥栗粉的制备方法,所制得锥栗粉用温水冲泡即能分散均匀,不结成团块,溶液稳定。产品口感细腻香甜,食品方便快捷。
具体实施方法
实施例1
(1)鲜果挑选:加工用锥栗果要求新鲜饱满,果壳有光泽,无破损、虫蛀和霉变,锥栗果直径控制在15~22mm;
(2)去壳:在经步骤(1)选出的锥栗外壳上划一条缝隙,然后置于水温为65℃的夹层锅中煮1.5min。接着将锥栗从水中捞出,待其冷却至室温后手工剥去外壳和内衣,得到锥栗仁;
(3)热烫和护色:将锥栗仁置于沸水中煮2min后捞出,仔细检测,去除残存的内衣,剔除坏果。接着将锥栗仁置于复配护色液中浸泡护色,护色液温度为65℃,浸泡时间为25min。以下有3种复配护色液配方,可任意选择其中一种应用。3种复配护色液配方对锥栗仁颜色的影响见表1。
表1 不同护色剂配方对锥栗护色效果的影响
注:用+表示褐变程度,+越多表示褐变越严重,+++++表示褐变最严重,0表示无褐变
从表1可以看出,3个配方均能起到很好的护色效果,锥栗仁没有发生严重的褐变。锥栗仁外表呈现出淡乳黄色,且均匀一致;
(4)漂洗:将经步骤(3)处理的锥栗仁护色后捞出沥干,然后置于清水中漂洗3次,每次用时25s,以便去除残留的护色液;
(5)匀浆:在经步骤(4)漂洗的锥栗仁置于打浆机中打浆,锥栗仁与水按质量比为1︰4的比例加入打浆机中,打浆时间为5min;
(6)精磨:将经步骤(5)所得浆液用100目的滤布过滤,去除大颗粒残渣,滤液则加入到JMS-50变速胶体磨中进行2次精磨,进一步细化锥栗原浆,以提高最终锥栗粉的溶解性,让口感更加细腻,香味更明显;
(7)酶解:在精磨浆液中加入中温α-淀粉酶(酶活力2000U/g)进行酶解,酶解温度为65℃,pH为6.0,酶添加量为0.2%,时间为55min;酶解完成后再用110℃的高温灭酶6min;
(8)调浆:按酶解后精磨浆液的质量百分比0.8%称取复合稳定剂,接着按复合稳定剂与水的质量比为1︰6混合溶解均匀,然后将溶解均匀的复合稳定剂加入酶解浆液中,混合均匀得新的锥栗浆液。所加入黄原胶为亲水性胶体,白砂糖和柠檬酸均为水溶性物质,大豆卵磷脂和单甘脂为乳化剂,这些物质的加入可有效提高产品的溶解性、稳定性和均匀分散性。以下有3种复合稳定剂配方,可任意选择其中一种应用。3种复合稳定剂分别由以下原料及质量分数配置而成:
配方一:黄原胶17%,大豆卵磷脂17%,CMC-Na 16%,单甘脂12%;白砂糖33%,柠檬酸5%;
配方二:黄原胶16%,大豆卵磷脂16%,CMC-Na 16%,单甘脂12%;白砂糖35%,柠檬酸5%;
配方三:黄原胶15%,大豆卵磷脂16%,CMC-Na 15%,单甘脂12%;白砂糖36%,柠檬酸6%;
(9)均质:将锥栗浆液置于均质机中均质,第一次均质压力为20MPa,第二次为10MPa,两次均质温度均为65℃,时间为5min;
(10)喷雾干燥:在经均质处理后的锥栗浆液中加水调整干物质含量,干物质质量百分含量控制为15%,然后进行喷雾干燥,得锥栗粉末。干燥时控制进风温度为190℃,喷雾流量为500L/h,进料量为50mL/min;
(11)等离子体处理:将锥栗粉末平摊于低温等离子处理仪的载玻片上进行等离子处理,得细小锥栗粉。在等离子体的作用下,锥栗粉末淀粉结构受到破坏,淀粉颗粒表面分子发生断裂并导致产生裂纹,内部氢键被削弱,分子量降低,从而提高了淀粉的溶解性。为便于比较,将等离子体的输入功率设定为75W,空气湿度控制在40%。表2是在等离子体作用下,锥栗淀粉在常温(30℃)下的溶解度和分子量的变化情况。从表2可以看出,随着等离子体作用时间的增加,分子量由28.64×106 g.mol-1降低至1.25×106g.mol-1,表明等离子体作用使淀粉分子链发生了断裂,从而导致锥栗淀粉的溶解度有所增大;
表2 不同等离子体作用时间对锥栗淀粉溶解性的影响
(12)流化床造粒:将经步骤(11)所得的细小锥栗粉加入到顶喷流化床造粒机中进行造粒,得锥栗粉。固定流化床雾化压力控制为0.1MPa,蠕动泵泵速则设定为5.5r/min,进风温度控制为65℃,物料温度设定为35℃,风机转速设定为1000 r/min。造粒以质量百分比为2.0%的麦芽糊精作为粘接剂。不同粘接剂浓度对锥栗颗粒溶解特性的影响见表3。从表3可以看出,采用麦芽糊精作为粘接剂之后,锥栗粉颗粒变得更为酥松,溶解性有所提高。其中以加入2.0%麦芽糊精作为粘接剂能获得最好的溶解性;
表3 粘接剂浓度对颗粒特性的影响
(13)过筛:经步骤(12)所得的锥栗粉用60~80目的筛子过筛,以保证锥栗粉颗粒大小均匀一致;
(14)气调包装:待过筛后的锥栗粉冷却后,迅速用气调包装袋进行气调密封包装。气调包装采用厚度为0.02~0.03mm的铝箔/PE(聚乙烯)袋。气调包装的气体体积组成为60%的CO2和40%的N2;
(15)检验入库:经检验合格的产品则可入库。
Claims (4)
1.一种速溶锥栗粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)锥栗去壳:在直径为15~22mm的新鲜锥栗果的外壳上划条缝隙,然后置于水温为60~70℃的夹层锅中煮1.5~2min,将锥栗果从水中捞出,待锥栗果冷却至室温后手工剥去外壳和内衣,得到锥栗仁;
(2)热烫和护色:将锥栗仁置于沸水中煮2~3min,捞出后置于复配的护色液中浸泡护色;所述护色液温度为60~70℃,浸泡护色时间为20~30min;
所述的复配护色液由以下质量百分比的原料组成:柠檬酸0.14~0.20%、食盐0.45~0.52%、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.15~0.25%、Vc 0.04~0.06%,其余为水;
(3)漂洗:将经步骤(2)处理的锥栗仁置于清水中漂洗3~4次,每次20~30s;
(4)匀浆:将经步骤(3)漂洗的锥栗仁与水加入打浆机中打浆5~6min,得浆液;锥栗仁与水的质量比为1︰4至1︰5;
(5)精磨:将浆液用100目的滤布过滤,滤液加入到JMS-50变速胶体磨中进行2次~3次精磨,得精磨浆液;
(6)酶解:在精磨浆液中加入中温α-淀粉酶酶解50~60min;酶解温度为60~70℃,pH为5.5~6.5,所述中温α-淀粉酶质量占精磨浆液质量的0.15~0.25%;酶解完成后再用110~120℃的高温灭酶5~7min;
(7)调浆:按酶解后精磨浆液的质量百分比0.7~0.9%称取复合稳定剂,接着按复合稳定剂与水的质量比1︰5至1︰8混合溶解,然后将溶解后的复合稳定剂加入酶解后的精磨浆液中,混合均匀得锥栗浆液;
所述复合稳定剂由以下质量百分比的原料组成:黄原胶15~20%、大豆卵磷脂15~20%、CMC-Na 15~20%、单甘脂10~15%、白砂糖30~40%、柠檬酸5~10%;
(8)均质:将锥栗浆液置于均质机中均质两次;第一次均质压力为20~25MPa,第二次均质压力为10~15Mpa;两次均质温度均为60~70℃,时间为4~6min;
(9)喷雾干燥:在经均质处理后的锥栗浆液中加水调整干物质含量,控制干物质质量百分含量为12~16%,然后进行喷雾干燥,得锥栗粉末;喷雾干燥时控制进风温度为185~195℃,喷雾流量为450~550L/h,进料量为45~55mL/min;
(10)等离子体处理:将锥栗粉末平摊于低温等离子处理仪的载玻片上进行等离子处理1~10min,得细小锥栗粉;等离子体的输入功率为0~100W,空气湿度控制在35~45%;
(11)流化床造粒:将细小锥栗粉加入到顶喷流化床造粒机中进行造粒,得锥栗粉;造粒以质量百分比为1.5~2.5%的麦芽糊精作为粘接剂,控制流化床雾化压力为0.1~0.15MPa,蠕动泵泵速为5.5~6.0r/min,进风温度为65~70℃,物料温度为20~50℃,风机转速1000~1100r/min;
(12)过筛:将所得锥栗粉用60~80目的筛子过筛,以保证锥栗粉颗粒大小均匀一致;
(13)气调包装:将过筛后的锥栗粉用气调包装袋进行气调密封包装;
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(11)所述流化床造粒是指用Mini型流化床制粒机进行锥栗粉造粒;造粒前需将Mini型流化床制粒机在45~50℃的进风温度条件下预热10~15min,然后待其升温至40~45℃时再加入细小锥栗粉造粒;
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(13)所述气调包装袋采用厚度为0.02~0.03mm铝箔/PE袋;
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气调包装袋中填充CO2和N2;CO2和N2的体积比为45~65%:35~55%。
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