CN104082345A - Special EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacteria powder for aquaculture and preparation method and application of special EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacteria powder - Google Patents
Special EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacteria powder for aquaculture and preparation method and application of special EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacteria powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses special EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacteria powder for aquaculture, as well as a preparation method and application of the special EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacteria powder. Bran, corn flour, amino acid powder and the like, which are used as dry matter fillers, are mixed with brown sugar, glucose and the like to obtain a mixture; the mixture is subjected to sealing fermentation at 25-37 DEG C for about 10 days by lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, so that fermented materials are prepared; then the prepared fermented materials are dried and crushed and are mixed with bacillus subtilis to obtain a final product. The EM bacteria powder can be directly scattered in a water body to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms through mass propagation of probiotics, decompose harmful substances in the water body, promote the growth of normal floras and beneficial algae in a cultivation ecosystem and keep the ecological balance of the aquaculture water body. The method is adopted to prepare the EM bacteria powder, the fermentation period is short, the process is simple, the equipment investment is low, the materials are convenient to obtain, and the method is easy to implement and is suitable for industrial production and self-production of households.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microorganism formulation field, particularly the special-purpose EM bacterium of a kind of aquaculture powder and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
EM bacterium (Effective Microorganisms) is the english abbreviation of CEM, also cry probio, as golden bacterium, it is a kind of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes active bacteria formulation as main about 80 kinds of microbe symbiotic common prosperities of take, there is complex structure, stable performance, the advantage such as multiple functional, be widely used in the fields such as agricultural, cultivation, plantation, environmental protection, obtain obvious economic benefit and ecological benefits, had wide market application foreground.
In view of the powerful advantages of EM bacterium in application, various technical products about EM bacterium arise at the historic moment at present, the production technology process of EM product is also diversified development, the production technology of being introduced as following Chinese patent: 201010618454.7 " EM bacterium Simple culture method ", 02145041.2 " a kind of preparation method who is applicable to the culture fluid of EM viable bacteria production ", 200610019753.2 " a kind of production method of live microbial composition EM preparation ", 201210034389.2 " a kind of preparation method of high-purity EM original seed ", 200910115498.5 " the former dew of EM and production method thereof ", 201210034445.2 " a kind of EM is simple and easy, the method of Fast-propagation ", 200610019753.2 " a kind of production method of live microbial composition EM preparation ", 201210159418.8 " a kind of EM active liquid and its preparation method and application ".
But it is all liquid below respectively inventing institute's manufacture EM product out, in circulation, transportation, there is inconvenience, arisen at the historic moment and prepared the Chinese patent technology of solid forms EM bacterium in market, as 201210034399.6 " preparation method of a kind of solid shape EM ", " a kind of in solid fermentation being fixed EM bacterium method " of 201310032822.3.The preparation method that patent 201210034399.6 is introduced is adsorbed aqueous EM with zeolite powder, then by drying to obtain powdery solid shape EM product, but the effective viable bacteria content of its EM is low, only >=5 * 100/ml, and and source and the cultural method of not mentioned EM bacterium.The preparation method that patent 201310032822.3 adopts can make EM bacterium be securely fixed on carrier fibre, can form local population advantage in water body, and the long action time to water quality is applicable to the water quality adjustment of aquaculture; But the carrier fibre of selecting fails to provide nutrient to zymogenous bacteria, fermentation time needs 20～50 days, causes life cycle of the product long.
So, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and EM bacteria preparation that is applicable to aquaculture that a kind of brand-new solid shape is provided and preparation method thereof is necessary.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide the special-purpose EM bacterium of a kind of aquaculture powder, it is solid shape EM bacteria preparation, circulation, convenient transportation, its probio content is high, low-consuming, is spilled into Fast-propagation after water body, by probio amount reproduction, suppress pathogenic microorganisms, decompose water body harmful substance, promote normal flora and useful algal grown in breeding ecological system, keep the ecological balance of breeding water body.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of above-mentioned aquaculture powder.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of a kind of aquaculture powder, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing wheat bran, corn flour in proportion, hot air sterilization, makes dry matter inserts (I);
(2) make bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II): calculate by weight, by amino acid powder 50-70 part, brown sugar 2-4 part, glucose 1.5-2.5 part, lactic acid bacteria 0.8-1.2 part, bacillus licheniformis 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus coagulans 0.1-0.3 part, sneak in 350-600 part sterile water, make bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II);
(3) dry matter inserts is added to mix and blend in bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II), make and mix wet feed (III);
(4) sealing and fermenting, detection, make wet fermentation material (IV);
(5) dry, pulverize, add bacillus subtilis bacterium powder, mix.
In described step (1), calculate by weight, by wheat bran 700-900 part, corn flour 100-150 part, at more than 100 ℃ hot air sterilization 0.8-1.2 hour, is mixed and made into dry matter inserts (I).
Before amino acid powder in described step (2) mixes, at more than 100 ℃ hot air sterilization 0.8-1.2 hour, sterile water is to produce by the mode of filtration sterilization and heat sterilization.
In described step (3), add the ratio of 45-65 kilogram of bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II) in every double centner dry matter inserts (I), mixing and stirring in mixer, makes and mixes wet feed (III).
In described step (4), mix wet feed (III) sealing, anaerobic fermentation 8-12 days, keep 25～37 ℃ of room temperatures, make wet fermentation material (IV); Get wet fermentation material (IV) and add equivalent pure water to mix, if survey pH value lower than 5.5, ferment qualified.
In described step (5), fermentation material (IV), lower than 45 ℃ of oven dry, is pulverized, in every double centner, dried the ratio that after fermentation material (IV) adds 80-120 gram, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder, mix, make finished product EM bacterium powder (V).
The living bacteria count of every milliliter of described fermentation strain lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis of described step (2), step (5) or every gram is not less than 5,000,000,000.
The special-purpose EM bacterium of a kind of aquaculture being made by said method powder.
The special-purpose EM bacterium of the aquaculture powder that said method makes spills in breeding water body for adjusting the ecotope of breeding water body.
Compared with prior art, the present invention both had the following advantages:
1, EM bacterium powder of the present invention can directly be spilled into water body, as breeding water body conditioning agent, be spilled into Fast-propagation after water body, its group effect can kill or suppress pathogenic microorganism, adjust breeding ecological environment, increase dissolved oxygen in water, promote normal flora and useful algae activation growth in breeding ecological system, keep the ecological balance of breeding water body; The refuses such as ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, organic acid, ight soil, residual bait that decompose breeding environment by beneficial bacterium, are purified the pollution of culturing pool, improve water quality, reduce fish disease.
The materials such as the wheat bran that 2, the present invention adopts, corn flour, amino acid powder both can be used as dry matter inserts, be rich in again all kinds of nutriments, can in EM viable bacteria fermentation process, progressively transform, after being spilled into water body, can discharge nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace element, increase water environment fertility, promote the primary productivity of breeding water body.
3, use method of the present invention to prepare EM bacterium powder craft simple, draw materials conveniently, all material and viable bacteria all can be bought in market, implement easily, have both been applicable to suitability for industrialized production, and Ye Neng family is self-produced.
4, use method of the present invention to prepare EM bacterium powder fermentation period short, equipment investment is few, and general fermentation period only needed about 10 days, did not need medium and high temperature condition and forced ventilation oxygen supply, packs fermentation in sealed bag into.
5, the EM product of producing by the present invention is pressed powder, is not easy bacteria infection, bacterium quality good, stable, can significantly extend and store and the shelf-life, very convenient in the middle of the transportation process of circulation.
6, EM bacterium powder of the present invention also can be mixed to raise and throw something and feed, and directly strengthens absorption function and the diseases prevention anti-adversity ability of cultivated animals, promotes healthy and strong growth.
Embodiment
The special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture of the present invention powder, preparation method thereof, comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing wheat bran, corn flour, amino acid powder in proportion, hot air sterilization, makes dry matter inserts (I).In described step (1), calculate by weight, by wheat bran 700-900 part, corn flour 100-150 part, at more than 100 ℃ hot air sterilization 0.8-1.2 hour, is mixed and made into dry matter inserts (I).
(2) make bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II): calculate by weight, by amino acid powder 55-65 part, brown sugar 2-4 part, glucose 1.5-2.5 part, lactic acid bacteria 0.8-1.2 part, bacillus licheniformis 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus coagulans 0.1-0.3 part, sneak in 350-600 part sterile water, make bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II).Before amino acid powder wherein mixes, at more than 100 ℃ hot air sterilization 0.8-1.2 hour, sterile water is to produce by the mode of filtration sterilization and heat sterilization.
(3) dry matter inserts is added to mix and blend in bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II), make and mix wet feed (III).Preferably, add the ratio of 45-65 kilogram of bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II) in every double centner dry matter inserts (I), mixing and stirring in mixer, makes and mixes wet feed (III).
(4) sealing and fermenting, detection, make wet fermentation material (IV).Preferably, mix wet feed (III) sealing, anaerobic fermentation 8-12 days, keep 25～37 ℃ of room temperatures, make wet fermentation material (IV); Get wet fermentation material (IV) and add equivalent pure water to mix, if survey pH value lower than 5.5, ferment qualified.
(5) dry, pulverize, add bacillus subtilis bacterium powder, mix.Preferably by fermentation material (IV) lower than 45 ℃ of oven dry, pulverize, by every double centner oven dry after fermentation material (IV), add the ratio of 80-120 gram, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder, mix, make finished product EM bacterium powder (V).
Fermentation strain lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis etc. are all bought from the market, and the living bacteria count of every milliliter or every gram is not less than 5,000,000,000.Bacillus subtilis wherein up to 5,000 hundred million/gram.
The special-purpose EM bacterium of the aquaculture powder being made by said method, spills the ecotope of adjusting breeding water body in breeding water body.EM bacterium powder prepared by the present invention Yu Shuizhong that directly splashes improves water body environment, can only mix from existing as feed preblending agent that to raise the EM bacterium powder of throwing something and feeding different in function and usage.The medium that the present invention uses not only contains wheat bran and corn flour etc. provides nitrogenous source, carbon source, vitamin and cellulose, and also adding amino acid etc. can provide abundant nutriment basis for bacterial classification; Moreover the present invention uses bacterial classification content high (>=50 hundred million/gram, bacillus subtilis up to 5,000 hundred million/gram), abundant species (multiple beneficial bacterial classification), not only contain lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis, and contain bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans, especially for the growth and breeding that suppresses the pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture process, prevention aquatic products animal intestine is scorching, and the diseases such as gill rot, improve aquatic product animal absorbing feed.
Embodiment 1
1, by 800 kilograms, wheat bran, 135 kilograms of corn flour, 60 kilograms of amino acid powders are more than 100 ℃ hot air sterilization 1 hour, then wheat bran are become to dry matter inserts (I) with corn flour mixing manufacture.
2, by filtration sterilization and heat sterilization object space formula, produce sterile water.
3, by 60 kilograms of the amino acid powders through step 1 hot air sterilization, 3 kilograms, brown sugar, 2 kilograms of glucose, 1 liter of lactic acid bacteria, 200 grams of bacillus licheniformis, 200 grams of bacillus coagulanses, sneak in 450 liters of sterile waters, make bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II).
4, by every double centner dry matter inserts (I), add 55.5 kilograms of bacterium liquid nutritional agentss (II), mixing and stirring in mixer, makes and mixes wet feed (III).
5, will mix wet feed (III) and pack in bag, sealing anaerobic fermentation, about 10 days, keeps 25～37 ℃ of room temperatures, makes wet fermentation material (IV).
6, get 100 grams of wet fermentation materials (IV), 100 milliliters of pure water, mix, and with acidity instrumentation pH, if lower than 5.5, ferment qualified.
7, by fermentation material (IV) lower than 45 ℃ of oven dry, cross 20 eye mesh screens and pulverize.
8, every double centner fermentation material (IV) adds 100 grams, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder, mixes, and makes finished product EM bacterium powder (V).
9, EM bacterium powder (V) is tested, weighing pack, packing, warehouse-in.
The EM bacterium powder (V) that embodiment 1 is made is tested, and result is as follows:
The Zhong Shan leg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Culture Raceway-type Ponds pool, Guangdong depth of water 1.2-1.5 rice, the general 8-10 mu of the water surface, bottom material of pond for breeding mostly is sandy soil, puts before seedling and thoroughly cleans up the pond with tea seed cake, and the shrimp seedling of input mostly is the local 1.2cm seedling of cultivating, and puts seedling amount for every mu and is controlled at 80,000 seedlings left and right.
The EM bacterium powder (V) that experimental group raiser makes with embodiment 1 before throwing seedling for the 3-7 days water surface of splashing after being watered and stirring, every mu of meter Shui Ti is used 500 grams, every 7-10 days subsequently with this usage amount regulating water quality environment of splashing, water transparency is remained between 30-50 centimetre, water colour is yellow green or yellowish-brown, not any disease, other drug substantially useless; Cultivate after 60 days, use the Penaeus Vannmei of EM bacterium powder (V), shrimp body is loose, neat specification, the long 15 centimetres of left and right of body, 25 grams of left and right of single weight, average 50/kilogram of left and right of finished product shrimp, average yield per mu 700-900 kilogram.
Control group raiser selects other brands EM bacterium on market as breeding water body conditioning agent, these products are all aqua, and usage amount is larger, mostly are 2 kilograms of every mu of use, cultivate after 60 days, though use the Penaeus Vannmei output of commercially available EM bacterium also better, average 60/kilogram of left and right of its finished product shrimp, the about 550-750 kilogram of every per mu yield, but finished product shrimp specification is not exclusively neat, and in breeding process, steal dead phenomenon, often need to change water, used antibiotics medicine.
Blank group is not for being used the raiser of EM bacterium; average 80/kilogram of left and right of its finished product shrimp; every mu of water surface low yield is 300-500 kilogram of left and right; drug use is more; pond water quality is unstable, and water colour, transparency change rise and fall huge, often change water; and Penaeus Vannmei be easy to get corpus hemorrhagicum, white spot syndrome, even have a small amount of row pool phenomenon.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture powder, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing wheat bran, corn flour in proportion, hot air sterilization, makes dry matter inserts (I);
(2) make bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II): calculate by weight, by amino acid powder 50-70 part, brown sugar 2-4 part, glucose 1.5-2.5 part, lactic acid bacteria 0.8-1.2 part, bacillus licheniformis 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus coagulans 0.1-0.3 part, sneak in 350-600 part sterile water, make bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II);
(3) dry matter inserts is added to mix and blend in bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II), make and mix wet feed (III);
(4) sealing and fermenting, detection, make wet fermentation material (IV);
(5) dry, pulverize, add bacillus subtilis bacterium powder, mix.
2. the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture according to claim 1 powder, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), calculate by weight, by wheat bran 700-900 part, corn flour 100-150 part, at more than 100 ℃ hot air sterilization 0.8-1.2 hour, is mixed and made into dry matter inserts (I).
3. the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture according to claim 1 powder, it is characterized in that: before the amino acid powder in described step (2) mixes, at more than 100 ℃ hot air sterilization 0.8-1.2 hour, sterile water is to produce by the mode of filtration sterilization and heat sterilization.
4. the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture according to claim 1 powder, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), the ratio that adds 45-65 kilogram of bacterium liquid nutritional agents (II) in every double centner dry matter inserts (I), mixing and stirring in mixer, makes and mixes wet feed (III).
5. the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture according to claim 1 powder, is characterized in that: in described step (4), mix wet feed (III) sealing, anaerobic fermentation 8-12 days, keep 25～37 ℃ of room temperatures, make wet fermentation material (IV); Get wet fermentation material (IV) and add equivalent pure water to mix, if survey pH value lower than 5.5, ferment qualified.
6. the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture according to claim 1 powder, it is characterized in that: in described step (5), by fermentation material (IV) lower than 45 ℃ of oven dry, pulverize, in every double centner, dry the ratio that after fermentation material (IV) adds 80-120 gram, bacillus subtilis bacterium powder, mix, make finished product EM bacterium powder (V).
7. the preparation method of the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture according to claim 1 powder, is characterized in that: the living bacteria count of every milliliter of described fermentation strain lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis of described step (2), step (5) or every gram is not less than 5,000,000,000.
8. the special-purpose EM bacterium of the aquaculture that made by method described in a claim 1-7 powder.
9. described in claim 8, the special-purpose EM bacterium of aquaculture powder spills in breeding water body for adjusting the ecotope of breeding water body.
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