CN103583880B - Microbial fermentation feed for litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Microbial fermentation feed for litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fermentation feed for litopenaeus vannamei. The microbial fermentation feed is prepared by the following specific steps: after fully mixing photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus, adding brown sugar and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A; uniformly spraying the mixture A on a commercially available feed for litopenaeus vannamei to obtain a mixture B; filling the mixture B in a sealed container, and sealing at a normal temperature for fermenting, wherein the fermentation is completed when the temperature of the center of the sealed container rises to 45 DEG C; and taking out a fermented mixture B, air-drying and bagging to obtain the microbial fermentation feed for the litopenaeus vannamei. The microbial fermentation feed for the litopenaeus vannamei, provided by the invention, is suitable for a later charging amount rapid-increasing stage during aquaculture of the litopenaeus vannamei, and is a health care functional feed product which has the functions of increasing the feed utilization rate and the digestibility, protecting the liver of the litopenaeus vannamei and promoting the intestinal bacterium equilibrium.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Nutrition and Feed of Aquatic Animals field of aquaculture, be specifically related to a kind of Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe.
Background technology
Prawn has fast growth, adaptable, output advantages of higher in cultivation South America, has become one of topmost breed variety of China's shrimps.But support in shrimp process in high density industrialization, the ammonia that in feed, high protein material is formed the pollution of water body, shrimp excreta, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide often cause the large quantities of morbidity death of prawn to the pollution of water body.For the disease control in breeding process, conventional technological treatment, mainly uses antibiotic in a large number, the disinfectant such as quaternary ammonium salt, Operand, and not only the heavy damage ecological balance, can remain simultaneously in shrimp body, healthy by the direct harm humans of food chain.Along with the development of prawn culturing technology, there is aquatic microorganisms preparation in recent years, by using viable bacteria to breeding water body, while adjustment breeding water body, having regulated prawn digestive system microecological balance, preventing the generation of disease, replacing antibiotic and disinfectant etc.Meanwhile, in order to improve the utilization rate of feed and promote digestion, often utilize microorganism to process feed.By finding the retrieval of existing document, publication number is that the Chinese invention patent application of CN1463615A discloses a kind of microbial activity prawn feed and production method thereof; This microbial activity prawn feed is that the microbial activity filtrate mixed by bacillus subtilis bacteriological filtration liquid, lichens gemma bar bacteriological filtration liquid, brewer's yeast bacteriological filtration liquid, the red false unit cell bacteriological filtration liquid in marsh, dry acid lactic acid bacteriological filtration liquid is sprayed on feed granules surface, dries and obtains.Wherein, microbial activity filtrate complicated process of preparation, and filtrate spraying needs to complete in the rotating device, causes whole production process production cost to remain high, is unfavorable for that practical application is promoted.Authorization Notice No. is that the Chinese invention patent of CN101088362B provides fish and shrimp phagostimulant of tunning adhesion protein production and preparation method thereof, the use of betaine, antioxidant in the complete substitute feed of energy.This phagostimulant is Cheesecake lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, the false silk ferment composition of false gastral cavity, wherein Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium be with chyme in healthy crucian enteron aisle be the separation of bacterium source, purifying, preparation and obtaining, there is complicated process of preparation equally, be unfavorable for the defect that practical application is promoted.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming the existence of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe is provided.This feed is applicable to the culture of Penaeus vannamei middle and later periods throwing amount of raising rapid increase stage, is improve efficiency of feed utilization and digestibility, and protection Penaeus Vannmei liver, promotes a kind of heath-function feed product of enteric bacteria balance.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe, described fermentative feedstuff of microbe is prepared by the method comprised the steps and obtains:
A, photosynthetic bacteria is fully mixed with bacillus after, add brown sugar and mix, obtain mixture A;
B, described mixture A to be evenly sprayed on commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed, to obtain mixture B;
C, load in airtight container by described mixture B, normal temperature sealing and fermenting, when described airtight container central temperature rises to 45 DEG C, fermentation completes;
Mixture B after D, taking-up fermentation, air-dry, pack, obtains described product of microorganism fermented forage.
Preferably, the bacterial classification concentration of described photosynthetic bacteria is 40,000,000,000/more than ml.
Preferably, described photosynthetic bacteria is Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodop seudanonas palustris).
Preferably, in described bacillus, spore content is more than 20,000,000,000/gram.
Preferably, described bacillus is bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis).。
Preferably, described brown sugar is feed grade brown sugar.
Preferably, the weight ratio of described photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and brown sugar is 6 ~ 7:3 ~ 4:1 ~ 1.5.
Preferably, the weight ratio of described commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed and mixture A is 28 ~ 30:1 ~ 1.5.
Preferably, in described commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed, crude protein weight percent content is more than 38%.
Preferably, described commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed is Penaeus Vannmei particulate material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention adopts photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, brown sugar to mix with commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed, can ferment at normal temperatures, and zymotechnique is simple, and production cost is lower, and raiser with regard to energy self manufacture on limit, pond, is conducive to practical application and promotes;
2, the present invention adopts simple zymotechnique that photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed can be made to realize complete fermentation; thus performance microbial activity; realize improving efficiency of feed utilization and digestibility, protection Penaeus Vannmei liver, promotes the effects such as enteric bacteria balance.
If 3, the fermented feed product produced of the present invention can not be ingested by shrimps after dropping into pond, be adsorbed on photosynthetic bacteria in feed and bacillus will continue breeding in pond, feed effectively decomposed, to reduce the pollution to cultivation water environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
The present embodiment relates to a kind of Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe, the main component of this feed is: photosynthetic bacteria one Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodop seudanonas palustris), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Penaeus Vannmei commercial feed (more than crude protein content 38wt%, Penaeus Vannmei No. 1 particulate material), brown sugar; Its preparation method is specific as follows:
Step one, photosynthetic bacteria is fully mixed with bacillus after, add brown sugar and mix, obtain mixture A;
Step 2, described mixture A to be evenly sprayed on commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed, to obtain mixture B;
Step 3, described mixture B is loaded in the plastics garden bucket of good airproof performance, after feed in bucket is bulldozed compacting gently, uses plastic sheeting lid, then fill up in bucket with old cotton-wadded quilt and seal behind space;
Step 4, normal temperature sealing and fermenting, real-time monitoring temperature, has fermented when Plastic Drum central temperature raises and reaches 45 DEG C;
Mixture B after step 5, taking-up fermentation, air-dry, be loaded on after adhesion between feed granules in fiber dress, obtain described product of microorganism fermented forage.
In above-mentioned steps one, fermentation bacterial classification concentration requirement is: a, photosynthetic bacteria concentration 40,000,000,000/ml, b, bacillus, spore content 20,000,000,000/gram.The consumption of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, brown sugar and commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed is as shown in table 1.
embodiment 2 ~ 4
Embodiment 2 ~ 4 is with embodiment 1, and institute's difference is the consumption of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, brown sugar and commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed, specifically in table 1.
Table 1
| Composition | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 |
| Penaeus Vannmei commercial feed (crude protein 38%) | 150 kilograms | 165 kilograms | 125 kilograms | 150 kilograms |
| Photosynthetic bacteria | 3 kilograms | 3.5 kilogram | 3.5 kilogram | 3.25 kilogram |
| Bacillus | 2 kilograms | 1.5 kilogram | 2 kilograms | 1.75 kilogram |
| Brown sugar | 0.5 kilogram | 0.5 kilogram | 0.75 | 1.2 kilogram |
embodiment 5, growth indexes are tested
The object of the present embodiment is that research adopts Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe of the present invention on the impact of prawn growth indexes; Concrete contrast test is as follows:
Adopt filtration cycle water system to carry out culture of Penaeus vannamei test, the specification of each cultivating water box is 50 × 80cm.If 4 experimental group and a control group, often group sets 3 repetitions (each cultivating water box as 1 repetition), throws in 100 tail Penaeus Vannmeis (thick 35 days of pond acceptance of the bid, average weight was the long 2.62 ± 0.08cm of 0.32g ± 0.03g body).Experimental group is thrown something and fed the fermentative feedstuff of microbe of embodiment 1 ~ 4 respectively, and control group is thrown something and fed No. 1, basal feed one Penaeus Vannmei.Noon every day, with filtration cycle water machine circulation 2 ~ 4h, purifies water, changes weekly the water in half bucket.It is between 24.5 ~ 28.9 DEG C that experimental session controls water temperature, and 24h inflates.Through cultivation in 45 days, measure the prawn weight of each group of each repetition, body length, survival rate and efficiency of feed utilization respectively, as shown in table 2:
Table 2
| Growth indexes | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Control group |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 2197.45±83.51 b | 2219.94±31.81 b | 2281.61kll4.61 b | 2257.38±57.57 b | 1823.51±48.25 a |
| Growth rate (%) | 214.85±4.26 b | 212.84±3.94 b | 219.75±4.08 b | 217.75±10.05 b | 174.61±4.33 a |
| Survival rate (%) | 87.33±1.52 b | 92.00±1.01 bc | 94.00±3.62 a | 93.00±5.00 c | 73.00±5.01 a |
| Feed coefficient | 0.87±0.02 a | 0.91±0.05 a | 0.89±0.05 a | 0.91±0.02 a | 1.25±0.05 b |
In table 2, data are three mean values repeated, with different letter representation significant difference (p<0.05) of tool in a line, and wherein a (b (c.As shown in Table 2, have employed each growth indexes of each experimental group prawn improvement more remarkable in control group of Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe of the present invention; Result shows that this feed is applicable to the culture of Penaeus vannamei middle and later periods throwing amount of raising rapid increase stage, can significantly improve efficiency of feed utilization and digestibility.
comparative example 1 ~ 2
The object of this comparative example is to study the impact of photosynthetic bacteria of the present invention on Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe effect.This comparative example 1 is on the basis of embodiment 1, adopts the bacillus of equivalent to replace photosynthetic bacteria; Comparative example 2 adopts another kind of commercial goods photosynthetic bacteria to replace the photosynthetic bacteria in embodiment 1.
Adopt the method for embodiment 5, compare feed that comparative example 1,2 and embodiment 1 obtain to the impact of prawn growth indexes, result is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
| Growth indexes | Embodiment 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 2197.45±83.51 | 1968.68±89.65 | 1886.56±69.66 | 1825±65.32 |
| Growth rate (%) | 214.85±4.26 | 197.32±63.21 | 186.35±36.54 | 182.35±56.24 |
| Survival rate (%) | 87.33±1.52 | 79.45±6.31 | 76.32±2.32 | 72.36±6.34 |
| Feed coefficient | 0.87±0.02 | 1.01±0.03 | 0.96±0.06 | 1.18±0.07 |
As shown in Table 3, comparative example 1,2 is compared with embodiment 1, the growth indexes of comparative example 1 is the poorest, the growth indexes of embodiment 1 is best, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus compatibility are described, play synergy, can better promote that enteric bacteria balances, improve efficiency of feed utilization and digestibility, be also beneficial to protection Penaeus Vannmei liver simultaneously; Comparative example 2 comparatively embodiment 1 is poor, illustrates in the present invention, specific photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus compatibility, and competence exertion goes out best synergy.
comparative example 3
The object of this comparative example is to study the effect that brown sugar of the present invention plays.This comparative example removes brown sugar on the basis of embodiment 1.
The method of same employing embodiment 5, the feed that comparison comparative example 3 and embodiment 1 obtain is on the impact of prawn growth indexes, the results are shown in Table 3, in table 3, the growth indexes of comparative example 3 is the poorest, illustrate when there is no brown sugar, photosynthetic bacteria of the present invention and bacillus cannot be fermented completely, thus cause performance sharply to decline.
comparative example 4
The method of traditional bacterial classification of directly throwing something and feeding in shrimp pond that this comparative example adopts, particularly throw something and feed photosynthetic bacteria of the present invention and bacillus, bacterial classification consumption is with embodiment 1; Step of specifically throwing something and feeding is: directly throw something and feed in shrimp pond photosynthetic bacteria of the present invention and bacillus, selects fine day morning about 10 every 5 days, and by every mu of (the 1.5m depth of water) 10kg, complete evenly splash in pond.
It is between 24.5 ~ 28.9 DEG C that experimental session controls water temperature, and 24h inflates.Through cultivation in 45 days, measure the prawn weight of each repetition of this comparative example, body length, survival rate and efficiency of feed utilization, as shown in table 4:
Table 4
| Growth indexes | Embodiment 1 | Comparative example 4 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 2197.45±83.51 | 1987±95.43 |
| Growth rate (%) | 214.85±4.26 | 198±3.21 |
| Survival rate (%) | 87.33±1.52 | 70±1.46 |
| Feed coefficient | 0.87±0.02 | 1.02±0.12 |
Can be clear and definite by table 4, each growth indexes of prawn that have employed Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe of the present invention is significantly improved than the comparative example 4 of traditional bacterial classification of directly throwing something and feeding in shrimp pond; Illustrate that feed of the present invention can significantly improve efficiency of feed utilization and digestibility.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe, is characterized in that, described fermentative feedstuff of microbe is prepared by the method comprised the steps and obtains:
A, photosynthetic bacteria is fully mixed with bacillus after, add brown sugar and mix, obtain mixture A;
B, described mixture A to be evenly sprayed on commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed, to obtain mixture B;
C, load in airtight container by described mixture B, normal temperature sealing and fermenting, when described airtight container central temperature rises to 45 DEG C, fermentation completes;
Mixture B after D, taking-up fermentation, air-dry, pack, obtains described product of microorganism fermented forage;
Described photosynthetic bacteria is Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodop seudanonas palustris); Described bacillus is bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis); The weight ratio of described photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and brown sugar is 6 ~ 7:3 ~ 4:1 ~ 1.5.
2. Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bacterial classification concentration of described photosynthetic bacteria is 40,000,000,000/more than ml.
3. Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described bacillus, spore content is more than 20,000,000,000/gram.
4. Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described brown sugar is feed grade brown sugar.
5. Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed and mixture A is 28 ~ 30:1 ~ 1.5.
6. Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed, crude protein weight percent content is more than 38%.
7. Penaeus Vannmei fermentative feedstuff of microbe according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described commercial penaeus vannamei boone feed is Penaeus Vannmei particulate material.
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