CN104041795B - 一种发酵型红曲米肉酱及其制作工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制备方法,属于发酵工程技术领域。该方法包括如下步骤:(1)原料制备;(2)多菌种制曲;(3)恒温发酵。该方法以红曲米作为淀粉辅料,利用其天然色泽和营养保健功能,通过微生物低盐固态发酵法,制成一种色泽独特的有一定营养保健功能的红曲米发酵肉酱。该产品色泽呈红色或玫瑰色,酯香突出,风味独特,口感鲜美,营养丰富。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发酵工程技术领域,具体涉及一种发酵型红曲米肉酱及其制作工艺。
背景技术
随着国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国的肉类工业得到了前所未有的发展,人们消费意识、消费观念发生了很大转变,厨房社会化趋势明显,肉制品的消费形式也在发生着变化。而发酵肉制品作为一类营养、安全、保健的高档产品已逐渐被我国大中城市的消费者所接受,并逐渐成为消费的热点。发酵肉是应用微生物发酵技术加工出的具有特殊风味、色泽、质地和营养并且具有较长保质期的高档肉制品。通过微生物的发酵作用,肉中蛋白质被分解成氨基酸,不仅提高了可消化性,而且发酵分解形成的氨基酸可大大改善肉制品的风味。同时,发酵过程中的优势有益微生物,可以降低产品中的亚硝酸盐和胆固醇的含量,由于微生物的发酵作用产生了乳酸等酸类物质及细菌素等抑菌物质,从而保证产品安全性,延长产品货架期。
红曲米是中国独特的传统食品,距今已经有千余年的历史,早在明代药学家李时珍所著《本草纲目》中,就记载了红曲可做为中医药材,认为红曲米营养丰富、无毒无害、具有健脾消食、活血化淤、促进新陈代谢的特殊功效。红曲霉的次级代谢产物红曲色素,可用于代替亚硝酸盐添加于肉制品中,历来被视为安全性高的食品补充剂,有着色、防腐、保健和药用等价值。红曲米主要用于制作红腐乳和红香肠,通常在烹饪过程中加入红曲以增强食物的色和味,北京烤鸭就是应用红曲来改善颜色和味道的。
专利申请号为201310361739的中国发明专利,采用米曲霉A100-8、耐盐酵母S3-2及耐盐乳酸菌发酵牛肉、豆粕、面粉等制成牛肉酱;专利申请号为201310226665的中国发明专利申请公开了一种添加了多种中药成分的接种红曲酒糟和甜酒曲发酵竹笋牛肉酱的制作方法。本发明与以上申请专利的区别主要为:(1)在制曲阶段添加米曲霉、酵母、乳酸菌混合制曲,同时控制多菌种的添加比例和时机,确保多菌种协调生长。成功避免了微生物后期添加对高盐稀态酱醪新环境的难适应,克服了在发酵后期添加对添加量和添加时机的难以控制。充分发挥酵母、乳酸菌增强风味的作用。(2)红曲米既作为微生物生长的碳源,同时提供了红曲色素,增强肉酱的亮红色泽,另外红曲米含有的莫纳可林K具有降血压和降血脂功效。
本发明将红曲米与畜禽肉共同制曲发酵,成功研制了红曲米肉酱,在最大限度地提升了发酵肉制品营养价值、保持了酱制品鲜美的口感的同时具备了红曲色素的保健功能。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,以红曲米作为淀粉辅料,利用其天然色泽和营养保健功能,通过微生物低盐固态发酵法,制成一种色泽独特的有一定营养保健功能的红曲米发酵肉酱。
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明人通过大量试验研究和不懈探索,最终获得了如下技术方案:
一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,其特征在于:该工艺包括如下步骤:
(1)原料制备:将畜禽肉洗净去杂质,115℃高温蒸煮10-15min,冷却后切成小块,按畜禽肉:红曲米:蔗糖=6-8:2-4:0.01-0.05的质量比加入各原料并混合均匀;
(2)多菌种制曲:将拌好的原料接入米曲霉、酵母菌和乳酸菌,混合均匀后放入制曲室,32-35℃培养10-12h,松曲一次,控温30-33℃培养18-22h,第二次松曲,最后调节温度至28-30℃培养34-40h,制曲结束;
(3)恒温发酵:将步骤(2)步骤zhougng制得的成曲按质量比1:1加入10%-15%(W/V)盐水,30-40℃恒温密闭发酵15-30天,得发酵型红曲米肉酱。
所述的一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中米曲霉、酵母菌、乳酸菌的接入量为:按原料重量接入1‰-1.5‰米曲霉、酵母菌103-104个/g原料、乳酸菌103-105个/g原料。
所述的一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中的米曲霉为米曲霉3.042,酵母菌为鲁氏酵母(Zygosaccharomycesrouxii)或易变球拟酵母(Torulopsisversatilis),耐盐度需达到15%,乳酸菌为嗜盐四链球菌(Tetragenococcushalophilus),耐盐度需达到15%。
所述的一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤(3)的恒温发酵初期间隔3-5天通气搅拌一次,总共搅拌2-5次。
与现有技术相比,本发明涉及的发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,具备以下优点和效果:
1、本发明中畜禽肉经历了完整的制曲发酵过程,使得肉中的蛋白质能够完全被转化成多肽、氨基酸等小分子物质,能够体现出其更高的营养价值及风味特征。
2、本发明的原料中还包括红曲米和蔗糖,红曲米不仅充当碳源,替代亚硝酸盐的防腐、发色作用,而且其含有多种医学保健功能;少量蔗糖不仅为制曲前期微生物生长提供碳水化合物,而且对肉酱鲜味的提升起到了重要作用。
3、本发明制成的成品红曲米肉酱中氨基酸态氮含量达到0.8g/100g,大大提高了畜禽肉营养成分的利用率,增加了肉酱的营养特性。
4、本发明制成的成品红曲米肉酱不需外加其他色素、酶制剂和防腐剂,保证了肉酱品质的安全稳定性和风味稳定性。
5、本发明根据畜禽肉和红曲米不同的营养保健特点,将二者混合起来进行发酵制备的红曲米肉酱具有独特的酱香和酯香味,产品外观为红褐色,有光泽,口味醇厚,鲜美,长期食用对人体有益。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步描述,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于实施例所述的范围,凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施方案1
(1)原料制备:将新鲜猪瘦肉用清水洗净后沥干,115℃蒸煮10min,冷却后切成小块,按猪肉:红曲米:蔗糖=8:2:0.02的质量比加入各原料并混合均匀;
(2)多菌种制曲:按原料重量接入1‰米曲霉、鲁氏酵母2.5×104个/g曲料、乳酸菌3.0×105个/g曲料,35℃培养12h,松曲一次,控温32℃培养22h,第二次松曲。最后调节培养温度至30℃,培养36h后制曲结束;
(3)恒温发酵:将步骤(2)制得的曲料按质量比1:1加入12%(W/V)盐水,35℃恒温密闭发酵20天,发酵初期间隔3天通气搅拌一次,总共搅拌3次;
(4)产品品质分析:检测产品中氨基态氮、总氮、总酸含量及GC-MS挥发性组分分析
(种数),并对产品的色泽、滋味、香气等感官指标进行评价。
实施案例2
(1)原料制备:将牛肉用清水洗净后沥干,115℃蒸煮15min,冷却后切成小块,按牛肉:红曲米:蔗糖=7:3:0.02的质量比加入各原料并混合均匀;
(2)多菌种制曲:按原料重量接入1.5‰米曲霉、球拟酵母3.0×104个/g曲料、乳酸菌4.0×105个/g曲料,35℃培养12h,松曲一次,控温32℃培养22h,第二次松曲,最后调节培养温度至30℃,培养40h后制曲结束;
(3)恒温发酵:将步骤(2)制得的曲料按质量比1:1加入15%(W/V)盐水,30℃恒温密闭发酵30天,发酵初期间隔3天通气搅拌一次,总共搅拌4次;
(4)产品品质分析:检测产品中氨基态氮、总氮、总酸含量及GC-MS挥发性组分分析
(种数),并对产品的色泽、滋味、香气等感官指标进行评价。
对比实施案例1不加红曲米
(1)原料制备:将新鲜猪瘦肉用清水洗净后沥干,115℃蒸煮10min,冷却后切成小块,按猪肉:蔗糖=8:0.02的质量比加入各原料并混合均匀;
(2)多菌种制曲:按原料重量接入1‰米曲霉、鲁氏酵母2.5×104个/g曲料、乳酸菌3.0×105个/g曲料,35℃培养12h,松曲一次,控温32℃培养22h,第二次松曲,最后调节培养温度至30℃,培养36h后制曲结束;
(3)恒温发酵:将步骤(2)制得的曲料按质量比1:1加入12%(W/V)盐水,35℃恒温密闭发酵20天,发酵初期间隔3天通气搅拌一次,总共搅拌3次;
(4)产品品质分析:检测产品中氨基态氮、总氮、总酸含量及GC-MS挥发性组分分析
(种数),并对产品的色泽、滋味、香气等感官指标进行评价。
对比实施案例2以面粉替代红曲米
(1)原料制备:将牛肉用清水洗净后沥干,115℃蒸煮15min,冷却后切成小块,按牛肉:面粉:蔗糖=7:3:0.02的质量比加入各原料并混合均匀;
(2)多菌种制曲:按原料重量接入1.5‰米曲霉、球拟酵母3.0×104个/g曲料、乳酸菌4.0×105个/g曲料,35℃培养12h,松曲一次,控温32℃培养22h,第二次松曲,最后调节培养温度至30℃,培养40h后制曲结束;
(3)恒温发酵:将步骤(2)制得的曲料按质量比1:1加入15%(W/V)盐水,30℃恒温密闭发酵30天,发酵初期间隔3天通气搅拌一次,总共搅拌4次;
(4)产品品质分析:检测产品中氨基态氮、总氮、总酸含量及GC-MS挥发性组分分析
(种数),并对产品的色泽、滋味、香气等感官指标进行评价。
本发明各实施例的品质分析结果如下表:
表1各实施例产品的品质分析
。
Claims (3)
1.一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,其特征在于:该工艺包括如下步骤:
(1)原料制备:将畜禽肉洗净去杂质,115℃高温蒸煮10-15min,冷却后切成小块,按畜禽肉:红曲米:蔗糖=6-8:2-4:0.01-0.05的质量比加入各原料并混合均匀;
(2)多菌种制曲:将拌好的原料接入米曲霉、酵母菌和乳酸菌,混合均匀后放入制曲室,32-35℃培养10-12h,松曲一次,控温30-33℃培养18-22h,第二次松曲,最后调节温度至28-30℃,培养34-40h制曲结束;
(3)恒温发酵:将步骤(2)制得的成曲按质量比1:1加入加入质量体积浓度为10%-15%的盐水,30-40℃恒温密闭发酵15-30天,得发酵型红曲米肉酱;
步骤(2)中的米曲霉为米曲霉3.042,酵母菌为鲁氏酵母或易变球拟酵母,乳酸菌为嗜盐四链球菌。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中米曲霉、酵母菌、乳酸菌的接入量为:按原料重量接入1‰-1.5‰米曲霉、酵母菌103-104个/g原料、接入乳酸菌103-105个/g原料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种发酵型红曲米肉酱的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤(3)的恒温发酵初期间隔3-5天通气搅拌一次,总共搅拌2-5次。
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