CN104011088A - 乳液聚合用乳化剂以及使用其的乳液聚合方法 - Google Patents
乳液聚合用乳化剂以及使用其的乳液聚合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104011088A CN104011088A CN201280063130.9A CN201280063130A CN104011088A CN 104011088 A CN104011088 A CN 104011088A CN 201280063130 A CN201280063130 A CN 201280063130A CN 104011088 A CN104011088 A CN 104011088A
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- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRLHYNPADOCLAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KRLHYNPADOCLAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/26—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents anionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/30—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents non-ionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F218/08—Vinyl acetate
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Abstract
提供一种乳液聚合用乳化剂,其特征在于,含有下面通式(I)所表示的化合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乳液聚合工序中使用的反应性乳化剂、使用其的聚合物分散剂的制造方法、和通过该制造方法得到的聚合物分散剂以及由该聚合物分散剂得到的聚合物薄膜。
背景技术
一直以来,作为乳液聚合用乳化剂利用:皂类、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚硫酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯芳烷基芳基醚硫酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸酯盐等阴离子性表面活性剂;聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯芳烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚等非离子性表面活性剂,由使用了这些乳化剂的聚合物分散剂得到的聚合物薄膜,由于使用的乳化剂以游离的状态在聚合物薄膜中残留,所以存在薄膜的耐水性、粘接性变差等问题点。因此,作为上述问题点的改善对策,提出了具有共聚性不饱和基团的反应性乳化剂(例如,专利文献1~3)。
现有技术中所提出的、具有丙烯酰基或甲基丙烯酰基作为共聚性的不饱和基团的反应性乳化剂存在尽管与单体的共聚性优异但乳液聚合时的聚合稳定性恶化的问题。具有例如乳液聚合中的凝聚物多、生成的粒子粗、经时稳定性变差等问题点。另外,具有烯丙基作为共聚性的不饱和基团的反应性乳化剂存在反应性乳化剂与单体的共聚性根据单体种类、聚合条件而变差的情况;由聚合物分散剂得到的聚合物薄膜也遗留有:不能得到能够充分满足耐水性、粘接性的薄膜的问题,由聚合物分散剂的起沫引起工序麻烦的问题。特别是,乳液聚合时包含苯乙烯作为聚合性不饱和单体的情况下,大多会产生上述问题,在商业生产中强烈地要求解决这些问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开昭63-054927号公报
专利文献2:日本特开昭63-319035号公报
专利文献3:日本特开平04-050204号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明是鉴于上述实情而做出的,其目的在于,能够使乳液聚合时的聚合稳定性良好还降低聚合物分散剂的起沫而回避工序麻烦,进而能够使由聚合物分散剂得到的聚合物薄膜的耐水性、粘接性、耐热性、耐候性等诸特性显著地改善的反应性乳液聚合用乳化剂。另外,特别是目的在于提供能够显著地改善在商业生产上成为课题的、包含苯乙烯作为单体时所得到的聚合物分散剂的诸特性的反应性乳液聚合用乳化剂。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等,为了解决上述问题进行了深入的研究,结果发现,具有特别限定的共聚性不饱和基团而且限定其加成摩尔数、具有特定的基团作为疏水基的反应性乳化剂适合于乳液聚合,至此完成本发明。
即,本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂含有以下通式(I)所表示的化合物。
其中,通式(I)中,R1表示碳原子数1~4的烷基、X表示选自上述氢原子或结构式所表示的阴离子性亲水基团的基团,这些结构式中,a、b分别表示0~4的数,B表示从通式(I)中去除了X的残基,M分别表示氢原子、碱金属原子、碱土金属原子、铵基、或者烷醇胺残基,Y表示选自上述结构式所表示的取代基的基团,其取代数为1~3的任一者,这些表示取代基的结构式中,R2表示氢原子或甲基,Z表示上述结构式所表示的聚合性的不饱和基团,该表示不饱和基团的结构式中,R3表示氢原子或甲基,A1、A2分别表示碳原子数2~4的亚烷基或取代亚烷基、或者来源于碳原子数4~22的烷基缩水甘油醚或烯基缩水甘油醚的残基;l表示以A1O的平均加成摩尔数计在0~5范围内的数;m表示1~2范围内的数;n表示0~100范围内的数。
本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂优选含有通式(I)中X为-SO3M、m表示1~2范围内的数、l为0、A2为亚乙基、平均加成摩尔数n为1~50范围内的数的化合物。
或者,优选含有上述通式(I)中X为-SO3M、m表示1~2范围内的数、A1表示下述通式(II)所表示的来源于烷基缩水甘油醚的残基、l表示1~2范围内的数、R4表示碳原子数6~30的烃基、A2为亚乙基、平均加成摩尔数n表示1~50范围内的数的化合物。
本发明的乳液聚合方法使用本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂的任一者使包含苯乙烯的聚合性不饱和单体聚合。
发明的效果
通过本发明,能够提供无论乳液聚合所使用的聚合性不饱和单体的种类如何都能使乳液聚合时的稳定性良好的、进而能够显著地改善由聚合物分散剂得到的聚合物薄膜的耐水性、粘接性、耐热性、耐候性等诸特性的乳液聚合用乳化剂。
具体实施方式
以下,对于本发明的实施方式进行说明。本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂包含下面通式(I)所表示的化合物(以下,也称为化合物(I)),所述化合物具有非离子性或阴离子性的亲水基团、具有将芳烷基作为取代基的酚衍生物作为疏水基团、进而在分子骨架中具有聚合性不饱和基团。
通式(I)中,R1表示碳原子数1~4的烷基,X包含选自氢原子、或者-(CH2)a-SO3M或-(CH2)b-COOM或-PO3M2或-P(B)O2M或-CO-CH2-CH(SO3M)-COOM的亲水基团,上述式中的a、b分别表示0~4的数,B为上述通式(I)中去除了X的残基,M分别表示氢原子、碱金属原子、碱土金属原子或铵、烷醇胺残基。本发明中,在X的更优选的形式中,X包含氢原子或-(CH2)a-SO3M,其中,优选包含a为0的-SO3M。
通式(I)的化合物将具有芳烷基作为取代基的酚衍生物作为疏水基团骨架。作为通常能够到手的工业原料的疏水基团原料,可例示出:苯乙烯基苯酚、苄基苯酚、异丙苯基苯酚、苯乙烯基甲酚等。
通式(I)中,Y表示选自上述结构式所表示的取代基的基团,R2表示氢原子或甲基。Z表示上述结构式所表示的聚合性的不饱和基团,R3表示氢原子或甲基,因此,Z具体而言分别表示烯丙基、甲基烯丙基。包含烯丙基或甲基烯丙基作为该Z的聚氧亚烷基骨架通过烯丙基缩水甘油醚或甲基烯丙基缩水甘油醚的加成聚合而得到。包含该烯丙基或甲基烯丙基的氧亚烷基的加成摩尔数m,以平均加成摩尔数计为1以上且小于3的数,优选为1~2的范围,更优选为1~1.5的范围。虽然也取决于化合物(I)的其他部分的结构,但m超过2的情况下,有乳液聚合中的聚合稳定性降低而大量产生凝聚物、引起固体成分浓度降低的担心。
通式(I)中,A1和A2分别表示碳原子数2~4的亚烷基或取代亚烷基、或者来源于碳原子数4~22的烷基缩水甘油醚或烯基缩水甘油醚的残基。A1或A2为碳原子数2~4的亚烷基或取代亚烷基的情况下,A1O或A2O为来源于环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或四氢呋喃(1,4-环氧丁烷)的残基。
碳原子数4~22的烷基缩水甘油醚或烯基缩水甘油醚可以从具有直链或支链的烷基或烯基的缩水甘油醚类中选择使之加成聚合而成。
作为本发明中使用的具有碳原子数4~22的直链或支链的烷基或烯基的缩水甘油醚类,可以利用已知的物质,可以为单一组成,也可以选择两种以上制成为混合物而使用。作为具体例,可以利用以下的物质。可列举出例如:丁基缩水甘油醚、异丁基缩水甘油醚、叔丁基缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚、辛基缩水甘油醚、异壬基缩水甘油醚、癸基缩水甘油醚、异癸基缩水甘油醚、2-丙基庚基缩水甘油醚、十一烷基缩水甘油醚、十二烷基缩水甘油醚、月桂基缩水甘油醚、异十三烷基缩水甘油醚、十四烷基缩水甘油醚、硬脂基缩水甘油醚、异硬脂基缩水甘油醚、油基缩水甘油醚、山嵛基缩水甘油醚等。
其他的,作为经历由丙烯、丁烯的混合物衍生的高级烯烃通过羰基合成法制造的支链型的混合饱和伯醇,有来源于Exxon Mobil Corporatio.制的EXXAL系列的缩水甘油醚;经历由正构烷烃、乙烯低聚物衍生的烯烃通过羰基合成法制造的、来源于作为直链型与支链型的混合醇的Shell公司制的Neodol系列、Sasol公司制的Safol系列、Lial系列的缩水甘油醚;来源于2-烷基-1-烷醇型的NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES.,LTD.制的FINEOXOCOL系列的缩水甘油醚等,也是可以优选使用的缩水甘油醚的一例。
通式(I)中,l以A1O的平均加成摩尔数计在0~5的范围内;n以A2O的平均加成摩尔数计在0~100的范围内;本发明优选l为0、n为1~50的范围。
另外,式(I)中,对于-(A1O)l-链、或-(A2O)n-链的聚合形态,没有特别的限定,分别可以为一种AO单元的均聚物、由两种以上的AO单元形成的无规共聚物、嵌段加成物、或者这些无规加成物与嵌段共聚物的组合的任一者,本发明中最优选的形态为A1O、A2O均是来源于环氧乙烷的氧亚乙基的单独加成物的情况。
另外,式(I)中,l为1~5范围的情况下,对于-(A1O)l-链、或者-(A2O)n-链的聚合形态,没有特别的限定,分别可以为一种AO单元的均聚物、由两种以上的AO单元形成的无规共聚物、嵌段加成物、或者这些无规加成物和嵌段共聚物的组合的任一者,本发明中最优选的形态为A1O、A2O均是来源于环氧乙烷的氧亚乙基的单独加成物的情况。
通式(I)中,本发明优选的形态如上所述,接着,以下对于本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂的制造方法的一系列工序进行说明。本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂所使用的化合物(I)的起始物质,为下面通式(III)(式中,R1和Y与上述相同)所表示的物质,具体而言,可以使用如上所述通过公知的方法得到的、或者作为工业原料市售的苯酚衍生物、苯乙烯基苯酚、苄基苯酚、异丙苯基苯酚等。另外,可以使用按照常规方法使被碳原子数1~4的烷基取代的酚类化合物与苯乙烯或者邻、间或对甲基苯乙烯反应而得到的苯乙烯基烷基酚衍生物。
接着,对于-(A1O)l-链和-(A2O)n-链,可以将环氧烷类、烷基缩水甘油醚、烯基缩水甘油醚、进而具有聚合性不饱和基团的烯丙基缩水甘油醚或甲基烯丙基缩水甘油醚按照公知的方法加成聚合而得到。对于能够使用的催化剂,只要是环氧基的开环反应中使用的物质就没有特别的限定,可列举出例如:叔胺、季铵盐、三氟化硼或其醚配盐、氯化铝、氧化钡、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等。另外,对于环氧烷类的加成反应条件,也可以利用公知的条件。通常在室温~150℃、压力0.01~1MPa下,在需要使用催化剂的情况下,可以使用:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、三氟化硼或其醚配盐等。
另外,通式(I)的X为阴离子性亲水基团的情况下,对于用上述方法得到的化合物(通式(I)的X为氢原子的化合物),进而进行阴离子性亲水基团的导入反应。
对于用于导入表示阴离子性亲水基团的式子-(CH2)a-SO3M中a为0所表示的阴离子性亲水基团的反应条件,没有特别的限定,可以通过使例如氨基磺酸、硫酸、硫酸酐、发烟硫酸、氯磺酸等反应而导入。
另外,对于用于导入表示阴离子性亲水基团的式子-(CH2)a-SO3M中a为1~4的数所表示的阴离子性亲水基团的反应条件,没有特别的限定,可以通过使例如丙烷磺内酯、丁烷磺内酯等反应而导入。
对于用于导入表示阴离子性亲水基团的式子-(CH2)b-COOM所表示的阴离子性亲水基团的反应条件,没有特别的限定,可以通过例如将羟基氧化、或使单卤化醋酸反应进行羧基化而导入,或者通过使丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯反应用碱进行皂化而导入。
对于用于导入表示阴离子性亲水基团的式子-PO3M2和/或-P(B)O2M(式中,B表示从上述通式(I)中去除了X的残基。)所表示的阴离子性亲水基团的反应条件,没有特别的限定,可以通过例如使五氧化二磷、多元磷酸、正磷酸、氧氯化磷等反应而导入。将磷酸酯基作为阴离子性亲水基团的情况下,根据制造方法得到单酯型化合物与二酯型化合物的混合物,可以将它们分离,也可以直接制成为混合物而使用。另外,也可以在水的存在下使之反应而提高单酯化合物的含有比例而使用。
对于用于导入表示阴离子性亲水基团的式子-CO-CH2-CH(SO3M)-COOM所表示的阴离子性基团的反应条件,没有特别的限定,可以通过例如使马来酸酐反应进行单酯化而导入,通过使无水亚硫酸钠反应进行磺化而导入。另外,进行阴离子性亲水化的情况下,之后也可以用氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等碱、氨、烷基胺或单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺等烷醇胺等进行中和。
接着,关于使用了本发明的反应性乳化剂的乳液聚合工序和通过该工序得到的水系聚合物分散剂以及聚合物涂膜,以下对于用于实施该发明的形态进行说明。需要说明的是,本说明书中,将用乳液聚合法得到的聚合物水分散体总称为“聚合物分散剂”,其中也包含作为同义词的一般被称为聚合物乳液、聚合物胶乳的物质。另外,称为“聚合物薄膜”的表述,是指形成于基材的表面上的状态的涂膜和将其从基材剥离而成的薄膜两者。
(1)聚合性不饱和单体
对于本发明中使用的聚合性不饱和单体,没有特别的限定,可列举出例如:丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸戊酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸庚酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸壬酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸十一烷基酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸十三烷基酯、丙烯酸硬脂酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸羟基丙酯等丙烯酸酯类。另外,可列举出例如:甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸戊酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸庚酯、甲基丙烯酸辛酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸壬酯、甲基丙烯酸癸酯、甲基丙烯酸十一烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸十三烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基丙脂、甲基烯丙基缩水甘油酯等甲基丙烯酸酯类,除此之外,还有丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸等。另外,可列举出:苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、二甲基苯乙烯、叔丁基苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、苯乙烯磺酸钠等芳香族单体;醋酸乙烯酯、VeoVa(注册商标)9(新壬酸乙烯酯、Momentive Performance Materials Inc.)、VeoVa(注册商标)10(新癸酸乙烯酯、Momentive Performance Materials Inc.)等乙烯酯系单体;氯乙烯、偏氯乙烯、氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氟乙烯、2-氯丙烯、2-氟丙烯、六氟丙烯等卤化烯烃单体;丁二烯、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯等共轭二烯烃系单体等,除此之外,还有乙烯、马来酸酐、马来酸甲酯、乙烯基磺酸钠等。这些单体可以只使用一种,也可以组合使用两种以上。如后所述,特别是使用上述中的苯乙烯系单体的情况下,本发明的有用性高。
(2)乳液聚合方法
本发明的乳液聚合方法为配合上述本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂而进行乳液聚合的方法,对于除此以外的条件,没有特别的限定,可以利用从根据单体的投入方法分类的一次聚合法、单体滴加法、乳液滴加法、种子聚合法、多步骤聚合法、自动进料(power feed)聚合法等中适宜选择的公知的方法。
另外,上述乳液聚合方法中,可以出于提高乳液聚合时的聚合稳定性、提高后续工序的颜料、填料类的混和性、提高对于基材的润湿性等目的,在对于本发明要解决的问题没有恶劣影响的范围内组合使用一种或两种以上不具有自由基聚合性的聚合性基团的通常的表面活性剂作为乳化剂。对于组合使用的表面活性剂,没有特别的限定,例如,作为非离子性表面活性剂可列举出:聚氧亚烷基烷基苯基醚、聚氧亚烷基烷基醚、聚氧亚烷基苯乙烯基苯基醚、聚氧亚烷基苄基化苯基醚、聚氧亚烷基异丙苯基苯基醚、脂肪酸聚乙二醇醚、聚氧亚烷基失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯等;作为阴离子性表面活性剂,还可列举出:脂肪酸皂、松香酸皂、烷基磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸酯盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐,除此之外还有上述具有聚氧亚烷基链的非离子表面活性剂的硫酸酯盐、磷酸酯盐、醚基羧酸盐、磺基琥珀酸盐等。另外,作为阳离子性表面活性剂,可列举出:硬脂基三甲基铵盐、鲸蜡基三甲基铵盐、月桂基三甲基铵盐、二烷基二甲基铵盐、烷基二甲基苄基铵盐、烷基二甲基羟基乙基铵盐等。
对于本发明的乳液聚合方法中的乳化剂的用量,没有特别的限定,相对于单体总量100质量份,优选使用0.1~20质量份式(I)所表示的化合物。另外,组合使用上述非反应性乳化剂的情况下,其用量相对于式(I)所表示的化合物100质量份优选为1~50质量份。
另外,出于提高乳液聚合时的聚合稳定性的目的,可以组合使用公知的胶体保护剂。作为能够组合使用的胶体保护剂的一例,可列举出:完全皂化聚乙烯基醇(PVA)、部分皂化PVA、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮等。
另外,对于本发明的乳液聚合中使用的聚合引发剂的种类及其添加量,没有特别的限定,优选为过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾等过硫酸盐,过氧化氢、过氧化苯甲酰等过氧化物。另外,作为能够在低的温度下起始聚合反应的氧化还原系聚合引发剂,可以根据需要组合使用过硫酸盐与碱金属的亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐等还原剂。
另外,也可以根据需要在对于本发明所要解决的问题不产生恶劣影响的范围内,适宜使用在乳液聚合工序中所使用的分子量调节剂。作为分子量调节剂,可以使用:正十二烷基硫醇、辛基硫醇、叔丁基硫醇、巯基乙酸、硫代苹果酸、硫代水杨酸等硫醇类;二硫代二异丙基黄原酸酯、二硫代二乙基黄原酸酯、二硫化二乙基秋兰姆(Diethylthiuram disulfide)等硫化物类;碘仿等卤化烃、二苯基乙烯、对氯二苯基乙烯、对氰基二苯基乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯二聚体等。
(3)聚合物分散剂的利用
用上述乳液聚合方法得到的聚合物,可以根据常规方法,以涂料、粘合剂形式应用于涂膜形成、利用沉淀剂的固体聚合物的回收中。即,得到的聚合物分散剂通过在常温下或根据需要加热使之干燥而得到聚合物薄膜。另外,通过添加一向作为固体聚合物回收中的沉淀剂使用的酸、盐,进行搅拌,使聚合物凝聚、过滤等,能够进行固体聚合物的回收。
(4)本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂的作用
如上所述,本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂为分子中具有共聚性的不饱和基团的聚合性的反应性乳化剂,由于具有本发明中特别限定的结构,所以具有与聚合性单体特别是苯乙烯系单体的共聚性优异、容易引入聚合物组成中的优点。因此,能够发挥出在由聚合物分散剂得到的聚合物薄膜中以游离的状态存在的乳化剂量显著地减少、提高薄膜的耐水性、粘接性、耐热性、耐候性等诸特性的极优异的效果。并且聚合物分散剂的起沫抑制、机械稳定性等被显著地改善。
实施例
以下,通过实施例更详细地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些例子的限定。需要说明的是,文中“份”“%”及其他的比例,只要没有特别的记载均为质量基准。另外,结构式中,EO表示氧亚乙基。
1.乳液聚合用乳化剂的调制
(制造例A1)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入苯乙烯基苯酚(单体/二聚体/三聚体=15/55/30质量比)636g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后边逐次导入环氧乙烷132g(3.0摩尔)边在压力0.15MPa、温度120℃的条件下使之反应,之后在温度100℃下将烯丙基缩水甘油醚342g(3.0摩尔)导入至高压釜中持续搅拌5小时使之反应。接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷1760g(40摩尔)使之反应,得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A1]。
(制造例A2)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入苯乙烯基苯酚(单体/二聚体/三聚体=15/55/30、质量比)636g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后将烯丙基缩水甘油醚342g(3.0摩尔)导入至高压釜中持续搅拌5小时使之反应。接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷880g(20摩尔)使之反应,之后用醋酸中和而得到下式所表示的中间体(A)(化合物[A2])。
接着,向具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的反应容器中加入中间体(A)895g,将反应装置内的气氛用氮气进行置换之后,在温度120℃的条件下使氨基磺酸97g反应之后,进行纯化得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A3]。
(制造例A3)
将环氧乙烷的导入量从880g变更为1760g(相当于40摩尔),除此以外,按照制造例A2中记载的制造条件,得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A4]。
(制造例A4)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入苄基化苯酚(单体/二聚体/三聚体=15/60/25质量比)566g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后将烯丙基缩水甘油醚274g(2.4摩尔)导入至高压釜中持续搅拌5小时使之反应。接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷880g(20摩尔)使之反应,之后用醋酸中和而得到中间体(B)。接着,向具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的反应容器中加入中间体(B)860g,将反应装置内的气氛用氮气进行置换之后,在温度120℃的条件下使氨基磺酸97g反应之后,进行纯化得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A5]。
(制造例A5)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入异丙苯基苯酚425g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,之后在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后将甲基烯丙基缩水甘油醚256g(2.4摩尔)导入至高压釜中持续搅拌5小时使之反应,接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷880g(20摩尔)使之反应之后,用醋酸中和而得到中间体(C)。接着,向具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的反应容器中加入中间体(C)781g,将反应装置内的气氛用氮气进行置换之后,在温度120℃的条件下使氨基磺酸97g反应之后,进行纯化得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A6]。
(制造例A6)
将制造例A2中得到的中间体(A)895g(1.0摩尔)加入至具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的玻璃制反应容器中,加入磷酸酐94g(0.33摩尔),边搅拌边在80℃下进行5小时磷酸化,之后用苛性钠中和而得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A7]。需要说明的是,对本组合物用NMR进行确认,结果单酯/二酯的比率为57/43。
(制造例A7)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入苯乙烯基苯酚(单体/二聚体/三聚体=70/25/5质量比)470g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后导入2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚431g(2.0摩尔),搅拌5小时使之反应,接着将烯丙基缩水甘油醚274g(2.4摩尔)导入至高压釜中持续搅拌5小时使之反应。接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷880g(20摩尔)使之反应,之后用醋酸中和而得到中间体(D)。接着,向具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的反应容器中加入中间体(D)1028g,将反应装置内的气氛用氮气进行置换之后,在温度120℃的条件下使氨基磺酸97g反应之后,进行纯化得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A8]。
(制造例A8)
将烯丙基缩水甘油醚的导入量从342g(相当于3.0摩尔)变更为228g(相当于2.0摩尔),除此以外,按照制造例A2中记载的制造条件,得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[A9]。
(制造例B1)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入苯乙烯基甲基苯酚630g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后边逐次导入环氧乙烷132g(3.0摩尔)边在压力0.15MPa、温度120℃的条件下使之反应,之后在温度100℃下将烯丙基缩水甘油醚342g(3.0摩尔)导入至高压釜中持续搅拌5小时使之反应。接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷1760g(40摩尔)使之反应,得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[B1]。
(制造例B2)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入苯乙烯基甲基苯酚630g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后将烯丙基缩水甘油醚342g(3.0摩尔)导入至高压釜持续搅拌5小时使之反应。接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷880g(20摩尔)使之反应,之后用醋酸中和而得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[B2]。
(制造例B3)
向具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的反应容器中加入上述制造例B2中得到的化合物[B2]927g,将反应装置内的气氛用氮气进行置换后,在温度120℃的条件下使氨基磺酸97g反应,之后进行纯化而得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[B3]。
(制造例B4)
将烯丙基缩水甘油醚的量从342g变更为274g(相当于2.4摩尔)、将环氧乙烷导入量从880g变更为1760g(40摩尔),除此以外,按照制造例B2和制造例B3中记载的制造条件,得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[B4]。
(制造例B5)
向具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的反应容器中加入上述制造例B2中得到的化合物[B2]927g,加入磷酸酐94g(0.33摩尔)边搅拌边在80℃下进行5小时磷酸化,之后用苛性钠中和而得到下式所表示的本发明品[B5]。需要说明的是,对本组合物用NMR进行确认,结果单酯/二酯的比率为57/43。
(制造例B6)
向具备搅拌机、温度计、氮气导入管、加入原料用导入管和减压用排气管的带有温度调节机的高压釜中,加入苯乙烯基甲基苯酚468g(2.0摩尔)、作为催化剂的氢氧化钾10g,将高压釜内的气氛用氮气进行置换,在减压条件下升温至温度100℃,之后导入2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚431g(2.0摩尔),搅拌5小时使之反应,接着将烯丙基缩水甘油醚274g(2.4摩尔)导入至高压釜中持续搅拌5小时使之反应。接着,在压力0.15MPa、温度130℃的条件下逐次导入环氧乙烷880g(20摩尔)使之反应,之后用醋酸中和而得到中间体(E)。接着,向具备搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的反应容器中加入该中间体(E)1085g,将反应装置内的气氛用氮气进行置换之后,在温度120℃的条件下使氨基磺酸97g反应之后,进行纯化得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[B6]。
(制造例B7)
将原料从苯乙烯基甲基苯酚变更为甲基苯乙烯基甲基苯酚,除此以外,按照制造例B2和制造例B3中记载的制造条件,得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[B7]。
(制造例B8)
将烯丙基缩水甘油醚的量从342g变更为228g(相当于2.0摩尔),除此以外,按照制造例B2和制造例B3中记载的制造条件,使环氧乙烷880g(20摩尔)反应,得到下式所表示的本发明的化合物[B8]。
另外,以下的实验中使用的比较品的结构如下。
2.聚合物分散剂的调制
〔实验1(实施例1-1~1-6、比较例1-1~1-4):甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯系聚合物分散剂的调制〕
作为单体,配合甲基丙烯酸甲酯123.75g、丙烯酸丁酯123.75g、丙烯酸2.5g,接着,加入表1中记载的规定量的本发明或比较品的乳化剂和多官能性单体、以及离子交换水105g,用均质混合器混合,调制混合单体乳浊液。
接着,向具备搅拌机、回流冷凝器、温度计、氮气导入管和滴液漏斗的反应器中加入离子交换水122g、碳酸氢钠0.25g,边通入氮气边继续搅拌,向其中加入一部分上述事先调制的混合单体乳浊液36g,升温至80℃。之后,继续搅拌15分钟,然后加入将作为聚合引发剂的过硫酸铵0.5g溶解于离子交换水20g而成的液体,起始聚合。接着,添加聚合引发剂15分钟后,再花费3小时,滴加混合单体乳浊液的剩余部分324份使之聚合。进而,接着进行2小时熟化之后,冷却,用氨水调节至pH8,得到供于本发明的评价实验的聚合物分散剂。
〔实验2(实施例2-1~2-3、比较例2-1~2-4):苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯系聚合物分散剂的调制〕
将上述实施例1中作为单体成分的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯变更为苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯,用表2中记载的本发明或比较品的乳化剂按照与上述实验1同样的操作进行乳液聚合,得到供于本发明的评价实验的聚合物分散剂。
〔实验3(实施例3-1~3-5、比较例3-1~3-4):醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸丁酯系聚合物分散剂的调制〕
将上述实施例1中的单体成分从甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯变更为醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸丁酯,用表3中记载的本发明或比较品的乳化剂按照与上述实验1同样的操作进行乳液聚合,得到供于本发明的评价实验的聚合物分散剂。
〔实验4(实施例4-1~4-3、比较例4-1~4-4):苯乙烯/丁二烯分散剂的调制〕
作为反应器,使用具有耐压性的玻璃瓶,具体为碳酸饮料用的空瓶,向其中加入离子交换水60g,通过氮气去除溶解氧。将该玻璃瓶在冰水浴中进行冷却之后,加入表4所述的本发明品或比较品的乳化剂和多官能性单体,进而加入萘磺酸钠福尔马林缩合物0.12g、碳酸钠0.12g、十二烷基硫醇0.12g,用橡胶塞将玻璃瓶暂时塞住。轻轻地用手摇晃该玻璃瓶,使内容物均匀化之后,开塞,加入苯乙烯20g、过硫酸钾0.12g,将玻璃瓶再度用橡胶塞暂时塞住,置于冰水浴中冷却。接着,从丁二烯瓶向甲醇干冰浴中的带有刻度的试样采集管中导入丁二烯,使用带有旋塞的注射器将液化而计量的丁二烯20g加入至玻璃瓶中,马上盖上特定的金属制皇冠盖并压盖,从而准备瓶聚合反应器。接着,剧烈摇晃封堵的该玻璃瓶,将玻璃瓶中的内容液制成为乳浊状态。接着,将玻璃瓶安装在调节至水温50℃的瓶聚合用的旋转式聚合槽内的支架上,以转速50rpm使之聚合20小时,通过瓶聚合法进行乳液聚合。之后,将玻璃瓶投入至冰水浴中进行冷却之后,开塞,添加对叔丁基邻苯二酚0.12g,通风(draft)内进行氮气鼓泡,将未反应丁二烯气体分散而蒸馏去除,得到聚合物分散剂。
〔实验5(实施例5-1~5-5、比较例5-1~5-5):苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯系聚合物分散剂的调制〕
将作为单体的苯乙烯123.75g、丙烯酸丁酯123.75g、丙烯酸2.5g,与本发明品或比较品的乳化剂5.0g和离子交换水105g用均质混合器进行混合,调制混合单体乳浊液。另外地,向具备搅拌机、回流冷凝器、温度计、氮气导入管和滴液漏斗的反应器中加入离子交换水122g、碳酸氢钠0.25g。向滴液漏斗中加入上述事先调制的混合单体乳浊液中的36g,向反应器中一次添加,使之升温至80℃。之后,继续搅拌15分钟,然后加入将作为聚合引发剂的过硫酸铵0.5g溶解于离子交换水20g而成的液体,起始聚合。接着,添加聚合引发剂15分钟后,再花费3小时,滴加混合单体乳浊液的剩余部分324g,使之聚合。进而,接着进行2小时熟化之后,冷却,用氨水调节至pH8,得到供于本发明的评价实验的聚合物分散剂。
〔实验6(实施例6-1~6-6、比较例6-1~6-4):丙烯酸2-乙基己酯/丙烯酸丁酯系聚合物分散剂的调制〕
将上述实验5的单体成分中的苯乙烯变更为丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,除此以外,按照与实验5同样的操作进行乳液聚合,得到供于本发明的评价实验的聚合物分散剂。
3.聚合物分散剂和聚合物薄膜的评价试验
对于上述实验1~6的各实施例和比较例中得到的聚合物分散剂和聚合物薄膜,进行以下的评价试验。将其结果分别示于表1~表6中。
(1)聚合物分散剂评价
按照以下的方法,对于固体成分、聚合稳定性、平均粒径、气泡性、机械稳定性、反应性乳化剂的共聚率、滤器过滤性(仅对上述实验4的分散剂进行)进行测定或评价。
[固体成分]
在铝制杯子中秤取聚合物分散剂2g,由在105℃下干燥2小时后的残渣质量求出固体成分质量,将该固体成分质量相对于聚合物分散剂秤取量用质量%表示。
[聚合稳定性]
对于聚合物分散剂,用80目的金属网将乳液聚合工序中生成的凝聚物过滤,将过滤残渣水洗后,在105℃下干燥2小时,将该质量相对于分散剂的固体成分用质量%表示。需要说明的是,本测定中凝聚物量越小越意味着乳液聚合工序中的聚合稳定性高。
[平均粒径]
取聚合物分散剂的一部分,用动态光散射式粒度分布测定装置(NikkisoCo.,Ltd.制,制品名MICROTRAC UPA9340)测定粒径。
[起泡性]
对于实验1~4的产物按照以下A的方法,对于实验5、6的产物按照以下B的方法,分别评价起泡性。
A:用1L的量筒秤取聚合物分散剂100ml和水100ml,调温至25℃之后,通过木下式玻璃球过滤器的502G·No.2(40~50μm),以300ml/分钟通入1分钟氮气之后,停止氮气的通入,读取刚停止通入后的泡沫高度(泡量)作为刚停气时泡沫高度(ml)。另外,读取停止氮气通入5分钟后的泡沫高度(泡量)作为5分钟后泡沫高度(ml),按照下述算式求出泡沫消失性(%)。需要说明的是,该情况下,刚停气的泡沫高度(ml)越低或者泡沫消失性(%)越低,则表示聚合物分散剂的起泡性为低泡性。
泡沫消失性(%)=5分钟后泡沫高度(ml)/刚停气后泡沫高度(ml)×100
B:将聚合物分散剂用水稀释至2倍之后,向100ml纳氏管中加入30ml,测定使之倒立30次后静置5分钟后的泡沫量(ml)。
[机械稳定性]
秤取聚合物分散剂50g,用Marlon型试验机以负载10kg、转速1,000rpm进行5分钟处理,将生成的凝聚物用规定的金属网(实验1~4中150目、实验5、6中80目)过滤,将残渣水洗之后,在105℃下干燥2小时,将其质量相对于分散剂的固体成分用质量%表示。需要说明的是,本测定中凝聚物量越小意味着高剪切条件下的聚合物分散剂的稳定性越高。
[反应性乳化剂的共聚率]
秤取一定量的聚合物分散剂,加入过剩量的甲醇。对该甲醇稀释溶液进行离心分离处理,分成为聚合物和上清液。接着,回收该上清,由减压蒸馏后得到的残渣的1H-NMR测定,测定乳化剂的共聚率。
[滤器过滤性]
将得到的聚合物分散剂80g用200目的金属网进行重力过滤,测定该过滤所需要的时间,并且目视确认金属网上残留的凝聚物残渣的状况,按照以下的基准进行滤器过滤性的评价。需要说明的是,越是本测定中过滤时间短、金属网上的残渣少越意味着乳液聚合工序的聚合稳定性高、商业生产上的产率高、由滤器堵塞导致的工序麻烦的产生少。
◎:过滤所需要时间为15秒以内,金属网上看不到固体状物质
○:过滤所需要时间为15秒以内,金属网上可见很少的固体状残渣
△:过滤所需要时间超过15秒且在30秒以内,在金属网上可见固体状残渣
×:过滤所需要时间超过30秒或者观察到堵塞,金属网上可见很多固体状残渣
(2)聚合物薄膜评价
除了实验4的产物以外,均按照以下的方法,对于耐水白化性、剥离状态、吸水率进行测定或评价。
[耐水白化性]
将聚合物分散剂涂布于市售的玻璃板上以成为膜厚120μm(dry),将在20℃×65%RH的气氛下干燥24小时而成的薄膜浸渍于25℃的离子交换水中,在16磅(point)的印刷文字上放置玻璃板,透过聚合物薄膜看文字,测定此时直到该文字变得不能识别为止的天数。
[剥离状态]
上述耐水白化性评价试验中,目视观察16磅的文字变得看不见的时点的聚合物薄膜的状态,按照以下的基准进行评价。
◎:完全没有剥离。
○:周边稍微剥离。
△:大部分从玻璃板上剥离。
×:完全从玻璃板上剥离。
[吸水率]
将得到的聚合物分散剂涂布于市售的玻璃板上以成为膜厚120μm(dry),在20℃×65%RH的气氛下干燥24小时,将聚合物薄膜小心地从玻璃板上剥开,将该聚合物薄膜切出5cm×5cm的大小,测定聚合物薄膜质量(初期质量)。接着,将其浸渍于25℃的离子交换水中,24小时后,从水中将聚合物薄膜取出,将表面的水分用干净的纸轻轻地拭去之后,测定聚合物薄膜质量(浸渍后质量),按照下述算式求出薄膜的吸水率。
吸水率(质量%)=
{(浸渍后的聚合物薄膜质量-浸渍前的聚合物薄膜质量)/浸渍前的聚合物薄膜质量}×100
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
[表4]
[表5]
[表6]
产业上的可利用性
添加了本发明的乳液聚合用乳化剂而得到的聚合物分散剂,可以例如制成为粘合剂、粘接剂、覆盖剂、浸渍增强剂等适用于树脂、金属、纸、木材、布、还有混凝土等。另外,聚合物分散剂或从聚合物分散剂取出的固体聚合物可以用作树脂、橡胶、聚合物的改性剂。
Claims (4)
1.一种乳液聚合用乳化剂,其特征在于,含有下述通式(I)所表示的化合物:
其中,通式(I)中,
R1表示碳原子数1~4的烷基,
X表示选自上述氢原子或结构式所表示的阴离子性亲水基团的基团,在这些结构式中,a、b分别表示0~4的整数,B表示从通式(I)中去除了X的残基,M分别表示氢原子、碱金属原子、碱土金属原子、铵基或烷醇胺残基,
Y表示选自上述结构式所表示的取代基的基团,其取代数为1~3的任一者,这些表示取代基的结构式中,R2表示氢原子或甲基,
Z表示上述结构式所表示的聚合性的不饱和基团,该表示不饱和基团的结构式中,R3表示氢原子或甲基,
A1、A2分别表示碳原子数2~4的亚烷基或取代亚烷基、或者来源于碳原子数4~22的烷基缩水甘油醚或烯基缩水甘油醚的残基,
l表示以A1O的平均加成摩尔数计在0~5范围内的数;m表示1~2范围内的数;n表示以A2O的平均加成摩尔数计在0~100范围内的数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乳液聚合用乳化剂,其特征在于,含有所述通式(I)中X为-SO3M、m表示1~2范围内的数、表示范围内的数、l为0、A2为亚乙基、n表示1~50范围内的数的化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的乳液聚合用乳化剂,其特征在于,含有所述通式(I)中X为-SO3M、m表示1~2范围内的数、A1为下述通式(II)所表示的来源于烷基缩水甘油醚的残基、l表示1~2范围内的数、R4表示碳原子数6~30的烃基、A2为亚乙基、n表示1~50范围内的数的化合物,
4.一种乳液聚合方法,其特征在于,使用权利要求1~3的任一项所述的乳液聚合用乳化剂使包含苯乙烯的聚合性不饱和单体聚合。
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CN109810249A (zh) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-28 | 联泓(江苏)新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种稳定性及耐水性优异的氢化反应型乳化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN111234060A (zh) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-05 | 长春工业大学 | 一种高分子树脂的无皂乳液聚合方法 |
CN114341200A (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-04-12 | 第一工业制药株式会社 | 表面活性剂组合物、树脂水分散体的制造方法、涂料及粘合剂 |
CN115698128A (zh) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-02-03 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 基于生育酚的非离子和阴离子表面活性剂 |
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EP3293229B1 (en) * | 2012-03-10 | 2019-07-03 | Ethox Chemicals, LLC | Additives to improve open-time and freeze-thaw characteristics of water-based paints and coatings |
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TWI555572B (zh) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-11-01 | 中日合成化學股份有限公司 | 界面活性劑之製造方法及其應用 |
US11505636B2 (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2022-11-22 | Basf Se | Binder compositions and methods of preparing and using the same |
JP7060465B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-24 | 2022-04-26 | 花王株式会社 | 乳化重合用界面活性剤組成物 |
JP2022531598A (ja) * | 2019-05-03 | 2022-07-07 | ローディア オペレーションズ | 水白化耐性を有する重合性界面活性剤及び使用方法 |
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CN114341200A (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-04-12 | 第一工业制药株式会社 | 表面活性剂组合物、树脂水分散体的制造方法、涂料及粘合剂 |
CN114341200B (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-11-14 | 第一工业制药株式会社 | 表面活性剂组合物、树脂水分散体的制造方法、涂料及粘合剂 |
CN111234060A (zh) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-05 | 长春工业大学 | 一种高分子树脂的无皂乳液聚合方法 |
CN111234060B (zh) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-11-18 | 长春工业大学 | 一种高分子树脂的无皂乳液聚合方法 |
CN115698128A (zh) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-02-03 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 基于生育酚的非离子和阴离子表面活性剂 |
Also Published As
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JP2014237823A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
KR101493664B1 (ko) | 2015-02-13 |
WO2013094158A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
TWI441673B (zh) | 2014-06-21 |
JPWO2013094158A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
US9353195B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
KR20140109938A (ko) | 2014-09-16 |
KR101493663B1 (ko) | 2015-02-13 |
TW201332643A (zh) | 2013-08-16 |
TWI522167B (zh) | 2016-02-21 |
TW201433354A (zh) | 2014-09-01 |
US20150038654A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
JP5767369B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
EP2796476A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
KR20140119124A (ko) | 2014-10-08 |
EP2796476A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
JP5567218B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
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