CN103930133A - 原位可交联的聚合物组合物及其方法 - Google Patents
原位可交联的聚合物组合物及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种用于在伤口中原位交联的生物相容的聚合物组合物,包含:1)能够在伤口表面交联的一种或多种多聚阴离子聚合物例如藻酸盐或透明质酸盐和2)一种或多种多聚阳离子聚合物,例如壳聚糖或DEAE-葡聚糖,其辅助固化过程以及加速止血而无需加压。所述生物相容的聚合物组合物还可包含交联剂例如水性氯化钙。本发明涵盖初始聚合物组合物、在伤口部位交联并整合的固化基质,包括使用、应用和交联所述组合物的方法。
Description
本申请要求2011年11月13日提交的临时专利申请第61/559,110号的权益,其通过引用全文并入本文。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及使用生物相容聚合物制品的组合物,并且具体地涉及伤口愈合、血液凝固和化妆品用途中使用的亲血(hemophilic)聚合物基质。
背景技术
伤口愈合是复杂的,精密协调的过程,涉及各种细胞和基质组分的相互作用,以初步建立临时组织并且之后将其重塑同时形成成熟的替代物。最初,止血的血小板栓重新建立限制感染且限制脱水的屏障,并且引发第一波细胞浸润。这主要是由提供先天性和获得性免疫两者的白细胞组成。这些细胞产生酶和生物杀灭分子以消除微生物污染;然而,这些相同的防御机制对于再生失去的组织所需的角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞是不利的。因此,随着治疗进行,炎性阶段的事件和过程需要消退。
在被污染的表面进行皮肤伤口修复的情况提出了特别的挑战。如果伤口被感染,当随着炎性阶段变成慢性,正常的愈合被破坏,抑制再生阶段。进一步地,微生物和白细胞两者释放的酶损坏伤口组织以及周围的皮肤。因此,关键是要确保适当愈合,以防止正常皮肤伤口污染正在建立的感染。
伤口愈合通常分为三个阶段:炎性阶段,增殖阶段和重塑阶段。纤连蛋白已经被报道参与在伤口愈合过程中的每个阶段,特别是通过产生入侵的细胞将附着的骨架。最初,许多介质释放到伤口部位,例如纤连蛋白和纤维蛋白原。纤连蛋白促进炎性细胞迁移到伤口和单核细胞的碎片吞噬作用。此后,血管生成和再上皮化发生。在这个阶段,纤维连接蛋白对血管内皮细胞施加趋化活性并促进上皮细胞和成纤维细胞迁移到基底膜上。纤连蛋白在重塑阶段似乎也是必要的,其中它在胶原纤维的组构中起主要作用。纤维状的胶原蛋白最后形成增强组织的抗拉强度的纤维束,使得伤口闭合。
水凝胶通常被用作促进伤口愈合过程的局部制品。由于凝胶组合物的肿胀程度、生物相容性、渗透性和溶胀动力学的特性,而已经选择凝胶组合物。这类化合物的实例包括乙烯基聚合物(例如聚丙烯酸)、纤维素和纤维素衍生物。聚丙烯酸聚合物,也被称为卡波姆,已经因其在向皮肤伤口提供纤连蛋白上的优越性而被使用。
天然存在的生物聚合物在组织工程、再生医学、药物递送、医用植入物、整形外科和其他领域中获得应用。这类产品具有包括透明质酸(HA)、壳聚糖、肝素、硫酸软骨素、藻酸盐以及其它葡糖胺和葡糖胺聚糖、其它多糖及其衍生物的组分。
以组合形式,纤连蛋白(以及类似的蛋白质)的浓度已与海藻酸盐一起用于治疗慢性溃疡。敷料系统已经通过冻干过程固化,将凝胶转化成纤维。这一过程产生具有亲水特性的海绵样结构。流体存在时,可以将敷料返回到凝胶样状态,吸收高达20倍于自身重量的伤口渗出物。敷料因其海绵样结构和保湿性而在伤口治疗后容易被除去。然而,一旦与盐水溶液水合,纤连蛋白-纤维素敷料不会在去上皮化的人体皮肤表面上提供所需的纤维保护膜。然后,在去除敷料时进行清创以除去任何坏死物质。
因此,在急性和慢性伤口的治疗中存在问题,包括延迟愈合、减少的肉芽形成和上皮化,以及持久性伤口炎症。受损伤口愈合可能导致其他并发症和问题,例如感染、疼痛和慢性(非愈合)伤口的发展。
慢性伤口的治疗中,目前存在辅助愈合、减少炎症、减轻疼痛和防止伴随急性和慢性伤口的瘢痕形成的需求。这种可被治疗的急性伤口包括烧伤、擦伤、皮肤干燥、术后手术切口、割伤、刺伤、水泡、蚊虫叮咬以及其他严重的组织损伤。慢性伤口治疗可能涵盖缓慢愈合的伤口,包括褥疮、静脉性溃疡、糖尿病足溃疡、褥疮溃疡和不愈合组织损伤。
总体上,期望容易应用的组合物,其形成有利于组织愈合的基质并具有抗微生物特性。该组合物可以是生物相容的或快速反应以避免细胞毒性的可能性。进一步地,所述组合物可以刺激和最大化的伤口愈合,同时根据需要,提供用于提供薄层和厚层的固化伤口敷料的受控方法。
间接影响可能包括减少对医疗程序的需要,例如清创,、减少住院时间、减少术后恢复时间,缩短恢复日常功能和运行的周期,以及降低总体治疗费用。理想的是,对伤口愈合的这些改善,包括应用和使用方法,在治疗和修复各种组织中将是有价值的。
发明概述
下文发明是生物相容的聚合物组合物,其是能够在内部和外部形成并固化的凝胶状伤口愈合和止血基质。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,生物相容的聚合物组合物包含:1)一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物和2)一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物包括至少一种可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物包括至少一种可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物和至少一种不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述生物相容的聚合物组合物包含1)能够在伤口表面上形成的一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物和2)协助固化过程以及加速血液凝固的一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物的混合物。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,生物相容的聚合物组合物包含1)能够在伤口表面上形成的一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物;2)协助固化过程以及加速血液凝固的一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物;和3)将凝胶交联在伤口中同时将周围区域消毒的交联雾剂(mist)的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物包括藻酸盐或透明质酸盐。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物包括壳聚糖。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述交联雾剂可以是水性氯化钙。
也公开了使用本发明的医用凝胶的一种或多种方法,包括迅速实现止血而无需施加压力,并提供生物相容的伤口愈合基质。
本发明的各种实施方案允许所述制品进行调整和使用,以便改变所期望的粘度和预先确定的表征功能。在一个方面中,多聚阳离子聚合物与多聚阴离子聚合物的比例可能会提高,在伤口愈合上具有不同程度的效用。在另一个方面,可以添加治疗剂以为了药物递送选择目的整合药物制品。此外,其它特征可能涵盖控制所述医用凝胶的制备过程中、应用凝胶的过程中的温度和/或压力并且进行对固化基质的弹性或刚性的控制。所述基质制品,液体和固化结构两种,也可以取决于解剖和生理的测量结果和条件。
本发明的各种实施方案允许在第一组织部位或第二组织部位调整和使用所述组合物,并且这样的修改可以被视为明显的,并且可以以不同的数量整合和组合以提供任何尺寸、形状和构造的基质。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方案的侧视图。
图2是本发明如何与血液和其自身反应的微观描述。
图3A至图3I显示可被用于制造多聚阴离子或多聚阳离子聚合物的各种聚合物亚单元。
图4显示与现有技术相比时本发明的益处。
发明详述
在下文详细描述汇总,为了说明而不是限制性目的,展示公开具体细节的示例性实施方案以提供对本发明的透彻理解。然而,对本领域一般技术人员来说明显的是本发明可以在脱离本文公开的具体细节的其他实施方案中实行。在另外的情况下,对熟知组合物和方法的详细描述可省略以免混淆本发明的描述。
本发明的生物相容的聚合物组合物可用于治疗外部伤口以及内部伤口。在本发明的一个实施方案中,生物相容的聚合物组合物可被应用于各种伤口。伤口的非限制性实例包括但不限于:外部撕裂伤、磨损、烧伤、眼部撕裂伤、实质器官损坏、内部撕裂伤、胃肠道撕裂伤、浅表割伤和擦伤、内出血、动脉出血、静脉出血、牙齿或口腔出血和切口。能够从这些伤口治疗中获益的受试者包括各种动物,包括人,哺乳动物例如马、绵羊、牛、猪、狗、猫和海洋动物例如鲸鱼、海豚、海豹、水獭、鱼类和爬行动物例如海龟。
图1示出根据本发明的一个实施方案的结构基体示例性说明。如所描述的,组织的受损部分,伤口(112),具有贯穿突出的脉管(116)。生物相容性聚合物组合物(114)已被应用于伤口(112),其已涂覆有保护性涂层(110)。
图2显示生物相容的聚合物组合物(114)的一个实施方案的放大图,其包含结构聚合物(226)和亲血聚合物(224)。结构聚合物(226)包含组合物总重量计约0.1%至95%的可交联多聚阴离子聚合物和组合物总重量计0%至95%的不可交联多聚阴离子聚合物。亲血聚合物(224)包含组合物总重量计约1%至90%的多聚阳离子聚合物。红细胞(210)显示通过红细胞-阳离子基团键合(216)与阳离子功能基团(212)相关联。
图3A至3I显示可以被选作结构聚合物(226)或亲血聚合物(224)的各种聚合物。聚合物可通过添加羧甲基(CM)基团来修改以获得阴离子官能团(218)。图3E显示羧甲基纤维素。藻酸盐(3A)、透明质酸钠(3F)、κ-角叉菜胶(3G)、ι-卡拉胶(3H)和聚丙烯酸钠(3I)是起到结构聚合物(226)作用的聚合物的实例。同样,几丁质(3B)和壳聚糖(3C)是作为亲血聚合物(224)起作用的聚合物的实例。图3D显示任一聚合物(340)均可用二乙氨基乙基(DEAE)基团修改以获得阳离子官能团(212)。
生物相容的聚合物组合物(114)含有组合物总重量计约0.1%至99.8%的溶剂。在本发明的一个实施方案中,溶剂是乙醇。优选地,所述溶剂是乙醇在水中的5%水溶液。溶剂的非限制性实例包括水、乙醇、乙酸戊酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、异丙醇和四氢呋喃。在溶液中,结构聚合物(226)和亲血聚合物(224)经历将它们结合在一起的分子间相互作用。亲血聚合物(224)上的阳离子功能基团(212)吸引结构聚合物(226)上的阴离子官能团(218),并产生离子交联(214)。此外,亲血聚合物(224)和结构聚合物(226)可以是共价交联的(228),类似于席夫碱或偶氮甲碱键合。
保护涂层(110)包含重量计0.1%至30%的二价或更高价的阳离子(220),重量计0%至90%的疏水聚合物,以及重量计5%至99.9%的溶剂。保护涂层(110)通过向内扩散的二价阳离子(220)交联组合物(114),这产生结构聚合物(226)的二价阳离子交联(222)。这增加组合物(114)的刚性并允许更好的稳定性。保护涂层(110)还可以包含疏水聚合物,其限制来自组合物(114)的水损失,提高耐久性。所述疏水聚合物可以是聚氨基甲酸酯、硝化纤维素、氰基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯和硅酮及其组合。溶剂可以是水、乙酸戊酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、异丙醇和四氢呋喃,及其组合。该二价或更高价阳离子可以是Ca2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ag2+、Ag3+、Au2+、Au3+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Cu3+和Zn2+。在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述阳离子是Ca2+。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,结构聚合物(226)包含重量计0.1%至5%的藻酸钠和重量计1%至5%的透明质酸钠,亲血聚合物(224)包含重量计2%至25%的壳聚糖酰氯,而溶剂包含重量计65%至96.9%的乙醇在水中的5%水溶液。在这一实施方案中,所述组合物起到伤口愈合基质作用以促进更快的组织再生。
在另一个实施方案中,结构聚合物(226)包含重量计2%至5%的藻酸钠和重量计0%至2%的透明质酸钠,亲血聚合物(224)包含重量计5%至20%的壳聚糖氯化物,而溶剂包含重量计73%至93%的乙醇在水中的5%水溶液。在这一实施方案中,所述组合物起到用于快速实现止血而不需要施加压力的厚凝胶的作用。该组合物可局部递送到受损血管。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,结构聚合物(226)包含重量计0.1%至4%的藻酸钠和重量计1%至5%的富含赖氨酸的多肽,亲血聚合物(224)包含重量计5%至25%的二乙氨基乙基葡聚糖(DEAE-葡聚糖),而所述溶剂包含重量计65%至93%的乙醇在水中的5%水溶液。生物相容的聚合物复合材料(114)之后通过应用包含重量计0.1%至1%的氯化钙、重量计1%至5%的硝化纤维素、和重量计94%至98.9%的乙酸戊酯的气雾剂来原位交联。在这一实施方案中,该组合物起到用于割伤和擦伤的持久并限制来自伤口的水损失的保护性覆盖物的作用。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,生物相容的聚合物组合物包含重量计约3.6%的藻酸钠、重量计约7%的壳聚糖氯化物和重量计约89.4%的乙醇在水中的5%水溶液。这一实施方案可起到治疗动脉出血的组合物的作用。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述保护涂层包含重量计约0.1%至约30%的二价或更高价的阳离子;重量计0%至约90%的疏水性聚合物;和重量计约5%至约99.9%的溶剂。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述保护涂层包含重量计约0.1%至约1%的二价阳离子;重量计约1至约5%的疏水聚合物;以及重量计约94%至约98.9%的溶剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,组合物(114)被用作治疗剂例如药物或生物分子的载体。使用组合物(114)作为药物递送系统提高了伤口愈合凝胶的功效。在一个方面中,保护性涂层(110)用银的盐制备,增加凝胶的抗菌特性。在一个实施方案中,所述治疗剂选自由下列组成的组:抗微生物剂、抗生素、激素、蛋白(例如钙网蛋白、凝血酶、凝血酶原、凝血因子VIII)和碘,及其组合。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述治疗剂优选是碘。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,所述治疗剂是蛋白。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物可以是聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(例如聚苯乙烯磺酸钠)、聚丙烯酸盐(例如聚丙烯酸钠)、聚甲基丙烯酸盐(例如聚甲基丙烯酸钠)、聚乙烯基硫酸盐(例如聚乙烯基硫酸钠)、聚磷酸盐(例如聚磷酸钠)、ι卡拉胶、κ角叉菜胶、结冷胶、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基琼脂糖、羧甲基葡聚糖、羧甲基壳多糖、羧甲基壳聚糖、羧基甲基基团改性的聚合物、藻酸盐(例如藻酸钠)、含有多个羧酸盐基团的聚合物、黄原胶,及其组合。优选地,所述可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物是藻酸盐,更优选为藻酸钠。
优选地,可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约1%至约95%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约5%至约40%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约10%至约30%的生物相容的聚合物组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物可以是透明质酸盐(例如透明质酸钠)、多核苷酸(例如RNA)、具有7以下的平均残基等电点的多肽链、葡糖胺聚糖和蛋白多糖,及其组合。优选地,所述不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物是透明质酸盐,更优选的透明质酸钠。
优选地,所述不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约0至约95%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,所述不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约5至约25%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,所述不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约0至约5%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,所述不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约0至约2%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,所述不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物包含重量计约1至约5%的生物相容的聚合物组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,多聚阳离子聚合物可以是壳聚糖(例如壳聚糖氯化物)、壳多糖、二乙基氨基乙基-葡聚糖、二乙基氨基乙基纤维素、二乙基氨基乙基-琼脂糖、二乙基氨基乙基-藻酸盐、用二乙基氨基乙基修饰的聚合物、含有多个质子化的氨基基团的聚合物和具有7以上的平均残基等电点的多肽,及其组合。多聚阳离子聚合物优选是壳聚糖,更优选壳聚糖氯化物。优选的多聚阳离子聚合物是二乙基氨基乙基葡聚糖(DEAE-葡聚糖)。
优选地,多聚阳离子聚合物包含重量计约1%至约90%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,多聚阳离子聚合物包含重量计约2%至约80%的生物相容的聚合物组合物;优选地,多聚阳离子聚合物包含重量计约2%至约25%的生物相容的聚合物组合物。
生物相容的聚合物组合物的各组分可以被存储在各种不同的容器中,适用于各种不同的应用,包括例如包、小袋、管、桶、泵、注射器、瓶、袋和气雾剂型喷雾罐。所述组分可被存储在由各种材料制成的容器中,包括例如塑料、金属或玻璃中。所述组分可以可操作地连接地构造或者作为单独的组分提供以便用户在使用前设置。
本文所述组合物和系统可以被包括在用于形成生物相容的聚合物组合物的试剂盒或制品中,其包含下列中的一种或多种:包含多聚阴离子聚合物的溶液;包含多聚阳离子聚合物的溶液;溶剂;和包含二价或更高价阳离子、疏水聚合物和溶剂的溶液。试剂盒或制品中还可以含有纱布、绷带、胶带、刷、铲和海绵。
已经描述一些应用。然而,应当理解的是可以进行各种修改而不脱离本文件的精神和范围。具体地,例如,已经说明了溶液的各种组成,但改变的相似的部件和元件可以整合或替代利用以实现相同或类似的效果。而且,可针对不同的伤口位置,皮肤的内部或外部的真皮层,包括器官移植,组织移植和/或身体外部和/或内部的任何位点或位置的各种外科切口和损害,采用不同的基质。因此,其它应用在以下权利要求的范围之内。
进一步地,描述的研究可以利用组合物的一个实施方案形成刚性基质同时可将另一个组合物,单独或组合地,设计成具有增加的弹性。进一步地,混合和配制组合物的方法可以以任何顺序和组合进行,从而实现包埋的固化基质的相同或相似的效果,所述基质整合自然重组组织的形成。在一个实施方案中,所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物首先应用于伤口,并且之后一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物应用于在伤口部位的一种或一种以上的多聚聚合物上。在一个实施方案中,所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物与所述一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物混合,然后将该混合物应用到伤口。在一个实施方案中,所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物与所述一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物应用于伤口同时或大约同时应用于伤口。
在一个实施方案中,治疗伤口的方法包括将一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物应用于伤口,并且之后将一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物应用于伤口部位的所述一种或一种以上的多聚合聚合物。在一个实施方案中,治疗伤口的方法包括将一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子的聚合物与一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物混合,并且之后将所述混合物应用于伤口。在一个实施方案中,治疗伤口的方法包括在将一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物应用于伤口的同时或大约相同的时间,将一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物应用于伤口。
Claims (21)
1.一种生物相容的聚合物组合物,包含:
a.重量计约0.1%至约95%的一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物;
b.重量计约0.1%至约90%的一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物;和
c.重量计0.1%至99.8%的水。
2.如权利要求1所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物包含至少一种可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中所述一种或一种以上的多聚阴离子聚合物还包含至少一种不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物。
4.如权利要求3所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中至少一种可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物选自由下列组成的组:聚苯乙烯磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸盐、聚甲基丙烯酸盐、聚乙烯基硫酸盐、聚磷酸盐、ι卡拉胶、κ角叉菜胶、结冷胶、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基琼脂糖、羧甲基葡聚糖、羧甲基壳多糖、羧甲基壳聚糖、羧基甲基基团改性的聚合物、藻酸盐、含有多个羧酸盐基团的聚合物和黄原胶。
5.如权利要求4所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中一种或一种以上的可交联多聚阴离子聚合物选自由下列组成的组:聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠、聚甲基丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯基硫酸钠、聚磷酸钠和藻酸钠。
6.如权利要求3所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中至少一种不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物选自由下列组成的组:透明质酸盐、多核苷酸、具有7以下的平均残基等电点的多肽链,葡糖胺聚糖和蛋白多糖。
7.如权利要求6所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中至少一种不可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物选自由下列组成的组:透明质酸钠或RNA。
8.如权利要求3所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中所述一种或一种以上的多聚阳离子聚合物选自由下列组成的组:壳聚糖、壳多糖、二乙基氨基乙基-葡聚糖、二乙基氨基乙基纤维素、二乙基氨基乙基-琼脂糖、二乙基氨基乙基-藻酸盐、用二乙基氨基乙基修饰的聚合物、含有多个质子化的氨基基团的聚合物和具有7以上的平均残基等电点的多肽。
9.如权利要求3所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中至少一种可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物通过氢键与至少一种多聚阳离子聚合物交联。
10.如权利要求3所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中至少一种可交联的多聚阴离子聚合物通过共价键与至少一种多聚阳离子聚合物交联。
11.如权利要求3所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其还包含选自由下列组成的组的治疗剂:抗微生物剂、抗生素、激素、蛋白和碘。
12.一种在如权利要求1所述的聚合物组合物上原位形成保护性涂层的方法,包括加入包含下列的溶液:
a.重量计约0.1%至约30%的二价或更高价阳离子;
b.重量计0%至约90%的疏水聚合物;和
c.重量计约5%至99.9%的溶剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述疏水聚合物选自由下列组成的组:聚氨基甲酸酯、硝化纤维素、氰基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯和硅酮。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述溶剂选自由下列组成的组:水、乙酸戊酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、异丙醇和四氢呋喃。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述二价或更高价阳离子选自由下列的盐组成的组:Ca2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ag2+、Ag3+、Au2+、Au3+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Cu3+和Zn2+。
16.一种处理伤口的方法,包括直接向伤口应用如权利要求1所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述伤口选自由下列组成的组:外部撕裂伤、磨损、烧伤、眼部撕裂伤、实质器官损坏、内部撕裂伤、胃肠道撕裂伤、浅表割伤和擦伤、内出血、动脉出血、静脉出血、牙齿或口腔出血和切口。
18.一种实现快速止血而无需向伤口施加压力的方法,包括直接向伤口应用如权利要求1所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物。
19.一种生物相容的聚合物组合物,包含:
a.重量计约1%至约20%的藻酸钠;
b.重量计约1%至约5%的透明质酸钠;
c.重量计约2%至约20%的壳聚糖氯化物;和
d.重量计55%至96%的的乙醇在水中的5%水溶液。
20.一种在如权利要求19所述的聚合物组合物上原位形成保护性涂层的方法,包括加入包含下列的溶液:
a.重量计约0.1%至约1%的氯化钙;
b.重量计约1%至约5%的硝化纤维素;和
c.重量计约94%至约98.9%乙酸戊酯。
21.如权利要求1所述的生物相容的聚合物组合物,其中所述溶剂选自由下列组成的组:水、乙醇、乙酸戊酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、异丙醇和四氢呋喃。
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