CN103826986A - 具有用于暴露和形成分配装置的可去除部件的密封件 - Google Patents

具有用于暴露和形成分配装置的可去除部件的密封件 Download PDF

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CN103826986A
CN103826986A CN201280031057.7A CN201280031057A CN103826986A CN 103826986 A CN103826986 A CN 103826986A CN 201280031057 A CN201280031057 A CN 201280031057A CN 103826986 A CN103826986 A CN 103826986A
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flexible sheets
pressing plate
cap rock
sealing member
layer
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CN103826986B (zh
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罗伯特·威廉·托斯滕森-沃利
史蒂文·A·布鲁克
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Selig Sealing Products Inc
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Abstract

本文描述了一种用于密封到容器边缘的密封件或内侧密封，其能够初始提供所述容器的密封，并随后提供具有完全形成开口或其他通道、并通过所述开口或通道分配容器容纳物的分配器或分配装置。本文的密封件或内部密封由限定用于分配来自容器的容纳物的一个或多个整合或预形成的分配装置或元件的柔性片或层压板构造。在去除密封件的一部分时，在暴露供使用的两侧上初始覆盖一个或多个整合的分配装置或元件。

Description

具有用于暴露和形成分配装置的可去除部件的密封件
相关申请的引用
本申请要求于2011年6月24日提交的美国临时申请号61／501，075的权益，将其全部内容通过援引并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及用于容器口的密封件，并且更具体地涉及可去除的拉片密封件以及限定密封件上的分配装置的衬垫。
背景技术
许多容器都配备有用于从容器中分配容纳物的孔眼或倾倒口的面层或附件。香料容器和沙拉酱瓶是包括此类装置的一些例子。其他类型的容器、瓶子和包装还可以包括类似的盖子、面层、或附件。
香料容器，例如，通常包括横跨容器开口或嘴延伸的模塑的扣式盖子或附件。盖子或附件是模塑成期望形状的相对刚性的塑料片。其装配在容器嘴的上方并位于螺旋盖的下面。这种模塑扣式盖子或附件通常包括用于分配容器中的香料、粉末、食品配料或其他颗粒状产品的几个孔或孔眼。这些容器在穿孔的盖子或附件下面通常包括密封衬垫，以便在消费者使用前保持容纳在容器中的产品新鲜。为了分配容纳物，消费者首先必须去除刚性模塑盖子或附件，以便接近密封衬垫。一旦盖子或附件被去除，可将密封衬垫从容器上剥离。接着，在分配其产品前必须将模塑穿孔的盖子或附件重新放回到容器上。
同样，沙拉酱瓶可以具有限定便于将液体产品从瓶中倒出的倾倒口的刚性模塑盖子和／或附件。像香料容器一样，沙拉酱瓶在盖子或附件下面也可以包括密封衬垫。使用时，首先必须由消费者将盖子和附件去除，以便在其首次使用前去除密封衬垫。接着，为了按照预期使用瓶子，将盖子和附件重新放回到瓶子上。
这些装置具有几个缺点。由于容器或瓶子向消费者提供模塑附件下面的密封衬垫，为了按照预期使用该容器，消费者首先必须去除模制附件，以便接近密封衬垫。在许多情况下，由于需要消费者首先去除盖子；第二去除附件；第三去除密封衬垫；第四重新放回附件；以及第五，重新放回盖子的额外步骤，这是不期望的。由于附件通常是刚性模塑塑料，它们可能很难去除并然后紧紧地放回到容器上。通常，它们在去除后可能折断或变形。此外，这些装置需要额外的制造步骤以模制和组装容器与附加片。
其他容器可以具有双元件密封或衬垫，其具有上部可剥离部分，在去除上部可剥离部分后，暴露下部衬垫部分中的开口。下部衬垫部分包括一直延伸穿过的开口。该开口由用胶粘剂粘附或者保持到下部衬垫部分的上部可剥离部分覆盖。然而，在该方案中，在消费者剥离上部可剥离部分之前，双元件衬垫形成保持产品新鲜的良好密封的能力由将上部部分保持到下部衬垫部分的胶水或胶粘剂的性质所限制。因为在(进行)这些(行为)之前，密封件中的开口一直延伸穿过下部衬垫部分，所以将上部可剥离部分保持到下部衬垫部分的胶粘剂或胶水能够允许空气、水分、氧气等渗入容器中，这取决于胶粘剂或胶水的性质或特性。
其他容器可以具有限定在刚性上壁中的开口，例如，限定在铝制饮料或果汁容器的铝上壁中的开口。一些之前的方案也可以包括覆盖开口的两个柔性衬垫。一个柔性衬垫粘附到内侧铝上壁并覆盖开口的一侧，以及另一个柔性衬垫粘附到外侧铝上壁并覆盖所述开口的另一侧。两个衬垫通过开口彼此粘接。在使用期间，消费者去除外侧衬垫，这通过开口拉内侧衬垫。这个动作撕破锋利边缘上限定铝壁中开口的内侧衬垫。在这个之前的方案中，由于顶部铝壁的刚性性质和在开口周围由铝形成的锋利切割边缘，拉和撕破内侧衬垫是相对容易的。
一些其他现有的方案没有使用刚性上壁限定开口，而是可以采用在形成内侧密封的柔性层中限定开口的柔性内侧密封类型的结构。内侧密封可以包括覆盖内侧密封开口一侧的可剥离上层，以及覆盖开口另一侧的下层。可剥离上层和下层可以通过内侧密封开口彼此粘接。类似于上述关于铝罐或容器的去除动作，消费者可以剥离可剥离的上层，以通过限定在柔性内侧密封中的开口拉动下层。这个动作撕开下层，以暴露开口供使用。然而，在这个方案中，当开口被限定在柔性内侧密封(而不是上述的罐的刚性层)，由于内侧密封的柔性性质，撕开下层由于下层磨损或不规则边缘常常形成讨厌的开口。在拉动作后，用于形成内侧密封和在限定其中开口的柔性层不提供足够的刚性以在下层中形成完全撕开。
附图说明
图1是示例性拉片密封件的分解截面图；
图2是拉片已经被拉后示例性拉片密封件的截面图；
图3是去除拉片后示例性拉片密封件的截面图；
图4是示例性拉片密封件的截面图；以及
图5是示例性密封件的截面图。
具体实施方式
本文描述了用于密封容器边缘的密封件或内侧密封，其能够最初提供用于容器保持产品新鲜的密封，随后提供具有完全成形开口或其他通道并通过其用于分配容器容纳物的分配器或分配装置。这里的密封件或内部密封由限定用于分配容器中容纳物的一个或多个整合或形成的分配装置或元件的柔性片或层压板构造。在去除密封件的一部分时，在暴露供使用的两侧上初始覆盖一个或多个整合分配装置或元件。
应当理解的是，这里的密封件可以包括任何数量的分配装置或元件，例如，柔性片中单个倾倒口或多个变化的形状、尺寸、和／或结构隔开的多个开口。这里的公开可以指分配装置、元件、开口、嘴、孔眼等和／或它们的组合以建议一些类型的分配器。应当理解，除非另有说明，否则这些术语的使用通常是可互换的，而且除非另有说明，否则提及分配装置可以是指特定应用所需要的一个此类装置或多个此类装置。为了简化起见，该公开内容通常是指容器或瓶子，但是这里所述的密封件可以应用于任何类型的容器、瓶子、包装、或具有围绕内腔存取开口的边缘的其他装置(其中存取开口可以从分配装置受益)。
在一个方面，密封件包括柔性片，其具有形成或预限定在柔性片中的分配装置，柔性片一侧上覆盖分配装置一侧的可去除盖片或层压板，以及柔性片的另一侧上覆盖分配装置另一侧的下部密封衬垫。下部密封衬垫的底面被密封或结合到容器的边缘，例如，通过感应或传导加热，以初始提供用于容器的密封或盖子。使用时，可去除的盖层压板可以从柔性片剥离，以便通过分配装置拉动或撕开下部密封衬垫的一部分，以完全暴露用于分配或倾倒容器中容纳物的分配装置。在一个方案中，可去除层压板可以包括在其上表面的拉片件。在另一个方案中，密封件构造独特，以便即使是使用由柔性片材料形成密封件(以及在某些情况下，即使使用可任选的发泡聚合物层)，下部密封衬垫可以通过柔性片的分配装置被完全撕开，以形成通常没有磨损或不规则边缘且没有撕破或使分配装置或分配装置周围的片材变形的均匀开口或通道。
在某些方案中，这种形成完整分配装置的下部密封衬垫的完全撕开通过所述柔性片的厚度相对于用于通过分配装置将盖层压板固定到下部密封衬垫的结合层的厚度或数量的选择关系来实现。如果柔性片相对于结合层太厚，那么，在下部密封衬垫中形成不完全撕开，这导致分配装置暴露时磨损或不规则边缘。另一方面，如果柔性片相对于结合层太薄，那么在其暴露期间，柔性片趋向于在分配装置的边缘撕开或变形。
在另一方面且如上所述，密封件可以包括拉片部分，其中可去除盖层压板被构造为通过使用拉片从容器中分离(并且保持结合至所述容器的密封件的一部分)。可去除盖层压板下面的剩余层(除了用盖层压板去除的下部密封层的部分)仍粘附到容器上。在某些方案中，拉片完全限定在密封件的周界或柔性片的周界内。在其他方案中，拉片从密封件的外周伸出。
转向图1-图5，密封件100被示为由柔性片材料或柔性层形成的层压板，其包括结合至下部衬垫部分104的上部可剥离或可去除盖层压板102。下部衬垫部分104包括顶部柔性片105(其中具有一个或多个冲切开口)和下部密封衬垫106。为了清楚起见，图1示出分解的某些层，但是应当理解，密封件100的各个层通常如后图所示的结合在一起。
在一个方案中且如图所示，上部可去除的盖层压板102可以包括拉片结构112，例如，完全限定在密封件100的周界或外围内的拉片或夹持片115。可替换地，图5示出具有可替换的侧片(虚线)且没有拉片的密封件。如图2和4最佳所示，拉片115可以从下部衬垫部分104的上表面122向上伸出，以完全限定在密封件100的周围或外围113内。同样，拉片115可以向上枢轴转动或铰链转动以形成夹持面(gripping surface)。也可以使用其他类型的拉片如从密封件100的外围伸出的片结构115等，如通过图5中可选侧片115通常所示。
使用时，如果这样构造，由消费者使用拉片去除可去除的盖层压板102，以使得密封件100在分裂点或分离点118分离或剥离，以暴露保持密封或结合至容器边缘的下部衬垫部分104。在去除盖层压板102后，下部衬垫部分104完全限定用于分配容器或瓶子容纳物的完全延伸通过部件104的一个或多个分配装置或元件120。如图所示，分配装置120可以是单个开口或孔。也可以使用其他的分配装置或元件。
在去除盖层压板102前，分配装置120可以仅限定在并仅延伸通过柔性片105的一个或多个层中，并且不会被限定在下部衬垫部分104的其他层中。例如，在去除盖层压板102前，下部衬垫部分104还可以具有分配装置未限定其中的下部密封衬垫106的部分或层。因此，在去除盖层压板102后，分配装置被暴露和／或通过在下部衬垫部分104的其他层中形成分配装置完成分配装置120的完全形成，其最佳如图3所示。一旦盖层压板102由消费者去除，下部衬垫部分104被设计为保持结合或粘接到容器的边缘，并横跨容器或瓶子的嘴以提供分配功能。
应当理解，这里描述的密封件将以单片式或两片式密封件结构起作用。单片式密封件通常只包括结合至容器边缘的密封件。盖或罩也可以随其使用。两片式密封件包括临时结合至衬垫的密封件。在这种结构中，密封件结合至容器的边缘，以及衬垫被构造成在加热过程中与密封件分离，以保持在容器上使用的盖或其他罩中。在两片式结构中，例如，蜡层可以用于将密封件临时结合至衬垫。其他类型的可释放层也可以用于提供密封件与衬垫之间的临时结合。
转向更多的细节，密封件100的每个部分可以是由柔性片材料或者层压或结合在一起的层构造的多层层压板。虽然在附图中没有示出，但涂覆的胶粘剂可以用于将这些层中的一些结合在一起。上部分102可以是通过构造的结合层或胶粘剂126可释放地结合至下部衬垫部分104的盖层压板，以便密封件100在剥离部分如在拉动片结构115时在分离部分118分离。在将盖层压板102从下部分104分离时，分配装置120完全形成并暴露用于分配。使用时，部分102与部分104之间的结合小于下部衬垫部分104与容器边缘之间的结合。按照一个方案，在某些情况下，结合层126可以由聚烯烃聚合物、丙烯酸胶粘剂、释放层、蜡等提供，只要层102与层104之间的结合小于层104与容器边缘之间的结合。按照另一个方案，结合层126是热活化结合层如乙烯／乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)等。释放层可以根据需要设置在下部衬垫部分的上表面122上，以实现层102与层104之间期望的结合。
如上面所表明的，上部分102形成可去除的盖层压板，其从下密封层104剥离或去除，以暴露分配装置120并完成分配装置120的形成。盖层压板102的一个方案可以包括结合层126上方的上支持层125。该方案可以是共挤出的两层膜。在该示例性方案中，上支持层125可以包括聚合物支持层如聚酯(如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET))和热活化结合层126如乙烯／乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)或在下面的其他聚合物层126。
拉片部分112的下表面还可以包括片把手(tab stock)或其他释放层130，其仅结合至结合层126(或盖层压板102)的部分132，以形成拉片115。片把手130的下表面133被构造为不结合或不粘接至下部衬垫部分104。同时，结合层126的部分134结合至下部衬垫部分104(参见如图4)。因此，片把手或释放层130阻止盖层压板102的一部分在表面122完全结合至下部衬垫部分104。为此且由于片把手或释放层130，盖层压板102的下表面134仅直至边界线136结合至下部衬垫部分104(图4)，以便形成拉片115，其可以在边界136向上枢轴旋转以抓握。可以使用许多类型的拉片部分。上述方案只是一个实例。其他方案可以如US5,433,992；US5,514,442；US5,004,111；US6,866,926；US6,902,075；US7,217,454；US2006／0151415；以及US2008／0233339中所述。这些专利和出版物中的每个的所有内容通过援引合并于此。
更具体地，拉片结构112的拉片115可以至少由仅局部横跨密封件100的表面伸出的片把手130部分限定。按照一个方案，片把手130是部分横跨下部衬垫部分104的长度伸出的局部层。片把手130形成拉片115，这是因为在一个方案中，其结合至热活化结合层126，并通常阻止层126(以及上面的层)粘接到横跨其至少一部分的下部衬垫部分104的上表面122，如图1和4所示。即，片把手130的顶部表面粘接到热活化结合层126的下部分。片把手130的底面邻近但不结合至下部衬垫部分104的上表面122，以形成拉片115。虽然片把手130的相对尺寸没有特别限制，但在某些情况下，片把手130完全位于密封件100和／或下部衬垫部分104的周围或周界113内，并且，片把手130通常占据密封件100表面积的约15％至约50％。在一个方面中，片把手130由聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或纸形成。用于片把手的其他合适的材料包括尼龙和聚丙烯。按照一个可选的方案，片把手130的下表面可以涂覆有释放材料如硅酮。可选的释放涂层使热密封或感应热密封过程中片把手130变得粘接到下部衬垫部分104的上表面122的可能性最小化。然而，此类释放涂层通常是不必要的。
一般而言，盖层压板102和下部衬垫部分104的各个层(以下所述)可以通过层压和使用胶粘剂将它们相应的层粘接在一起形成。合适的胶粘剂可以包括但不限于乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、可固化的双组分聚氨酯胶粘剂和环氧胶粘剂。这里所采用的术语胶粘剂将通常包括可固化的胶粘剂、热活化胶粘剂和热塑性胶粘剂。
下部衬垫部分104可以包括多层片或具有分配装置120的层压板，在去除盖层压板前，分配装置120至少部分限定在层压板中。按照一个方案，下部衬垫部分104可以包括柔性片105上层以及下部密封衬垫106。密封衬垫106可以包括热熔胶粘剂或在感应加热下的其他热密封层107，或通过热密封、传导密封、或感应密封将下部衬垫部分104结合或固定至容器边缘的膜层109。合适的热活化胶粘剂或密封剂包括但不限于聚酯、聚烯烃、乙烯／乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、沙林树脂和其他合适的物质。按照一个方案，加热密封层107可以是约0.2密耳至约3密耳厚的此类材料的单层或多层结构。按照某些方案，选择加热密封层以具有类似于容器成分的成分和／或包括与容器成分相同的聚合物类型。例如，如果容器包括聚乙烯，那么加热密封层也会包含聚乙烯。如果容器包括聚丙烯，那么加热密封层会包含聚丙烯。其他类似的材料组合也是可能的。下部密封衬垫106初始设置为完全横跨在密封件100上延伸而没有分配装置120限定在其上面。因此，这里的密封件能够提供很好的密封性能，因为下部结合层106完全覆盖在任何嘴或容器开口上。在某些方案中，下部密封衬垫106形成横跨密封件的完整层，并且没有且缺少任何孔眼、薄弱区域、或倾向于降低该层密封能力的其他分离部分。
加热密封层107上可以是感应加热层或膜层109。在一个方案中，层109可以是箔、铝、锡、其他金属化的聚合物、非金属化的聚合物等以及它们的组合。这些层可以利用上述任何合适的胶粘剂结合在一起或结合至下部结合层107。在其他方案中，膜层可以是与感应加热层组合的聚合物层。膜层还可以是或包括大气阻隔层，其至少能够阻碍气体和水分从外面迁移到密封的容器内，并且在某些情况下，还同时提供感应加热。因此，膜层可以是构造为提供此类功能的一层或多层。按照一个方案，层109是约0.3密耳至约2密耳的金属箔如铝箔，其能够提供感应加热并起到大气阻隔的作用。感应加热或模层109最初还被设置为完全横跨密封件110延伸而没有分配装置120限定在上面，按照某些方案，没有或缺少任何孔眼、薄弱区域、或倾向于降低该层密封能力的其他分离部分。
在下部密封衬垫106且具体是在其感应加热层或膜层109上是柔性片105，柔性片105被构造为提供支持、结构、以及对衬垫部件104的撕裂抗性，并且初始还限定其中的分配装置120。柔性片105可以由类耐热片材料形成，即使分配装置120通过其延伸，其也可以以小厚度保持其强度。按照一个方案，柔性片105可以包括上聚合物支持层111，例如，选自但不限于以下共聚物：EVA、PET、PEN、尼龙、聚脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、它们的掺混物或类似物质。按照一个方案，上支持层111可以是在其上表面上具有释放涂层的PET层。在盖层压板102从下部衬垫部分104分离前，柔性片105和其支持层111将分配装置120限定其中，例如，腔或延伸通过该层的通道。腔或通道可以是冲切孔或只通过柔性片105延伸的其他开口。
柔性片111还可以与能够将片111结合至下部结合层106的另一个层组合。按照一个方案，柔性片111可以结合至下部热活化结合层113或包括如PET和EVA层的多层复合物。也可以使用其他复合层和共挤出层。结合层113有助于将柔性片结合至下部密封衬垫106。在盖层压板102从下部衬垫部分104分离前，层113还包括限定在其中的分配装置120，分配装置120可以是相同的冲切孔或上述的其他开口。
在某些方案中，柔性片105可以具有约0.6g／cc至约1.5g／cc的总密度，以及在其他方案中，可以具有约0.9g／cc至约1.4g／cc的总密度。虽然不希望受理论限制，但应当相信，结合本文所述的其他特征，此密度范围有助于形成柔性片105，柔性片105能够通过撕破或拉动下部密封衬垫106通过分配装置120的部分提供完全撕破或形成的分配装置。如下面进一步所述，还可以相对于结合层126选择柔性片105的总厚度，以实现完全撕破和形成的分配装置120。在某些方案中，柔性片105具有约0.5密耳至约2密耳的厚度，并且以与结合层126的量或厚度的特定关系通常被包括在密封件层压板中，以便去除后有效地形成分配装置120。
按照另一个方案，柔性片105还可以包括发泡层如发泡聚合物。如果使用，发泡聚合物可以包括但不限于聚烯烃泡沫、聚酯泡沫，共聚合物泡沫等。发泡聚合物可以具有约0.4g／cc至约0.9g／cc的密度，以及在其他方案中，可以具有约0.6g／cc至约0.9g／cc的密度。在某些方案中，如果在柔性片105内使用发泡聚合物层，该发泡层还可以是高密度聚合物和低密度聚合物的掺混物，以便增加其内部强度。在某些方案中，该发泡层可以包括约50％至约70％的高密度聚合物(例如，高密度聚乙烯等)以及约30％至约50％低密度聚合物(例如，低密度聚乙烯等)。如果使用，泡沫层可以是约0.5密耳至约1.5密耳厚。
当组装时，结合层126将上支持层125粘接至柔性片105以及下部密封衬垫106，因为结合层126延伸通过分配装置120。因此，在拉动拉片115后，将整个盖层压板102在分离点118从下部衬垫部分104去除，这可能是由于下部分104的上表面122上的释放层或涂层。在拉动时，经由结合层126的层125与层106之间的结合是足够强的以通过分配装置120拉动下部密封衬垫106的部分123。为此，该拉动沿其边缘撕破或拉裂邻近分配装置120或在分配装置120下面的下部密封衬垫106的部分123(即感应加热层或膜层109以及其加热密封层107)。因此，去除上部盖层压板102还去除了对应于限定在柔性片105中的分配装置120或重叠在限定在柔性片105中的分配装置120下面的膜层109的一部分和加热密封层107的一部分。接着，其形成延伸通过整个下部衬垫部分104的完整分配装置120。在去除盖层压板102时，消费者接着可以通过该分配装置120分配容器中的产品。在某些方案中，在通过分配装置120完全去除下部衬垫部分123以完全形成通过整个下部衬垫部分104的分配装置120后，下部密封衬垫106形成延伸至分配装置的非常小的凸缘或唇边(1ip)。在一些方案中，唇边或凸缘是约2mm或更少，在一些方案中，是约1mm或更少，以及在其他方案中，是约0.5mm或更少，以及在又一个方案中，没有形成凸缘或唇边。
为了形成薄膜和结合层109和107的完全撕破或拉裂，在一些情况下，这里的密封件包括结合层126厚度与柔性片105厚度的特定关系或比率。按照一个方案，该关系或比率可以是约1∶1至约1∶0.25。其可以被称为内部密封结合比。换句话说，柔性片105的厚度范围是与结合层126的厚度从大约相同至结合层126厚度的约25％。
在一些方案中，柔性片105可以是约0.5密耳至约2密耳厚的相对薄的层，以及在其他方案中，可以是约1密耳至约1.5密耳厚的相对薄层。结合层126可以是约0.5密耳至约2密耳厚，以及在其他方案中，可以是约1密耳至约2密耳厚。虽然不希望受到理论限制，但上面提到的它们的这些厚度和比率对允许结合层126通过分配装置120形成到薄膜层109的结合以及在分配装置120的区域下面或对应于分配装置120的区域形成基本上完全横跨其整个表面的结合是有效的。这些厚度和关系使分配装置120的下外围与下部密封衬垫105的上表面152的界面的任何间隙150最小化。这些最小化的间隙150在图4最好地示出。
相对于结合层的量较厚的柔性层，例如，具有约2密耳结合层的约4.5密耳的柔性层105(即约1∶1.8的结合比)导致在分配装置120的外围界面的更大间隙，使得在撕破后形成粗糙或不规则的边缘。相对于上述提到的结合层比率约0.5密耳至约2密耳的相对薄柔性层使间隙150最小化，其有效地允许通过柔性片105对下部密封衬垫106的完全撕破，基本上没有破损或不规则的边缘。
如果柔性片105相对于结合层126太薄如低于约0.5密耳，当片105由本文所述的聚合物和材料形成时，其通常不具有足够的内部强度以经受下部密封衬垫106通过分配装置120被拉动。当片105低于约0.5密耳时，在去除盖层压板时，当下部结合层106通过片105被拉动时，分配装置倾向于撕裂或拉长成泪珠的形状。
在某些方案中，在结合层126与分配装置的边缘之间的分配装置120内，密封件100可以具有不均匀的间隙150。为此，分配装置的一侧150’如最接近片结构112的一侧可以具有比分配装置的对侧150上的间隙更小的间隙，其通常如图4所示。在某些情况下，具有较小间隙150’(即在前的边缘间隙)的分配装置120的前缘121对开始下部密封衬垫106的完全撕破是有效的。一旦在分配装置120的前缘附近开始完全撕破，那么撕破会沿分配装置120边缘完全蔓延。
下部衬垫部分104包括一个或多个分配装置120，在盖层压板102去除之前，分配装置120至少部分被限定在支持层111和结合层113中，以及在盖层压板去除之后(如在盖子去除后)，下部衬垫部分104具有被限定在盖层压板102下的所有层(即柔性片105和结合层106的所有层)中的整个分配装置120。在图中示出的示例性分配装置120是圆形的，但是其他尺寸、形状、量、和结构也可以根据需要用于特定的应用。
密封件的各个层可以经由形成所述层的片的加热层压工艺组装。也可以使用胶粘剂涂层和／或挤出层压。这里得到的密封件的层压片可以按照需要被切割成合适尺寸的圆片(disk)或其他形状，以形成容器封闭装置或拉片式密封件。将切割的密封件插入到盖子或其他罩中，其依次被应用于要待密封的容器的颈部。螺旋盖可以被拧到容器的开口颈部上，从而将密封件夹在容器的开口颈部与螺旋盖的顶部之间。接着，将热流或感应电流或其他密封应用于密封形成容器颈部密封部分的层的底部装配件。
应当理解，在具体实施方式和权利要求的原理和范围内，本领域技术人员可以作出为了解释本文所述的密封件的性质已经在本文描述和示例的密封层压板的内容、材料、和布置及其制作方法的各种变化。除非本文中另有说明，否则所有份数和百分数均是以重量计。

Claims (27)

1.一种用于密封容器的边缘且用于提供分配开口的密封件，所述密封件包括：
一层或多层具有内侧边缘的柔性片，所述内侧边缘限定通过其延伸的至少一个预先形成的分配开口，所述柔性片具有其上表面和下表面；
盖层压板，可去除地粘接至所述柔性片的所述上表面，所述盖层压板包括聚合物支持层和结合层；
密封衬垫，粘接至所述柔性片的所述下表面；
所述盖层压板的结合层延伸通过所述至少一个预先形成的分配开口，以将所述盖层压板的所述聚合物支持层结合至所述密封衬垫；并且
所述结合层的厚度与所述柔性片的厚度的比率是从约1∶1至约1∶0.25，以使得在所述盖层压板从所述柔性片分离时，所述密封衬垫通过所述预先形成的分配开口在其所述内侧边缘完全撕破，使得所述预先形成的分配开口下的所述密封衬垫的一部分随所述盖层压板被去除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片的厚度在约0.5密耳至约2密耳之间以及所述结合层的厚度是约0.5密耳至约2密耳。
3.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片包括发泡聚合物层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片是具有发泡聚合物层和粘接至所述发泡聚合物层的第二聚合物层的层压板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片的所述上表面在其上具有释放涂层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片的一层或多层具有约0.6g／cc至约1.5g／cc的总密度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述盖层压板包括拉片。
8.根据权利要求7所述的密封件，其中，所述拉片被完全限定在所述密封件的周界内。
9.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述密封衬垫包括金属箔的上层和热活化结合层的下层，两个层被构造为在去除所述盖层压板过程中通过所述预先形成的分配开口撕破。
10.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述盖层压板是透明的，使得所述预先形成的开口通过所述盖层压板是可见的。
11.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述预先形成的分配开口在其一侧的壁的间隙小于所述预先形成的分配开口在其对侧的壁的间隙。
12.根据权利要求1所述的密封件，其中，所述结合层是热活化结合层。
13.一种容器，其具有用于密封所述容器边缘且用于提供分配开口的密封件，所述容器包括：
环绕所述容器开口的容器边缘；
密封件，密封至所述容器边缘，且包括
一层或多层具有内侧边缘的柔性片，所述内侧边缘限定通过其延伸的至少一个预先形成的分配开口，所述柔性片具有其上表面和下表面；
盖层压板，可去除地粘接至所述柔性片的所述上表面，所述盖层压板包括聚合物支持层和结合层；
密封衬垫，粘接至所述柔性片的所述下表面；
所述盖层压板的结合层延伸通过至少一个所述预先形成的分配开口，以将所述盖层压板的所述聚合物支持层结合至所述密封衬垫；并且
所述结合层的厚度与所述柔性片的厚度的比率是从约1∶1至约1∶0.25，以使得在所述盖层压板从所述柔性片分离时，所述密封衬垫通过所述预先形成的分配开口在其所述内侧边缘完全撕破，使得所述预先形成的分配开口下的所述密封衬垫的一部分随所述盖层压板被去除。
14.根据权利要求13所述的容器，其中，所述柔性片的厚度在约0.5密耳至约2密耳之间以及所述结合层的厚度是约0.5密耳至约2密耳。
15.根据权利要求13所述的容器，其中，所述柔性片包括发泡聚合物层。
16.根据权利要求13所述的容器，其中，所述盖层压板包括拉片。
17.根据权利要求16所述的容器，其中，所述拉片被完全限定在所述密封件的周界内。
18.根据权利要求13所述的容器，其中，所述密封件包括金属箔的上层和热活化结合层的下层，两个层被构造为在去除所述盖层压板过程中通过所述预先形成的开口被撕破。
19.根据权利要求13所述的容器，其中，所述预先形成的分配开口在其一侧的壁的间隙小于所述预先形成的开口在其对侧的壁的间隙。
20.根据权利要求13所述的容器，其中，所述结合层是热活化结合层。
21.一种用于密封容器的边缘且用于提供分配开口的密封件，所述密封件包括：
一层或多层具有内侧边缘的柔性片，所述内侧边缘限定通过其延伸的至少一个预先形成的分配开口，所述柔性片具有其上表面和下表面；
盖层压板，可去除地粘接至所述柔性片的所述上表面，所述盖层压板包括聚合物支持层和结合层；
所述盖层压板的拉片，所述拉片被完全限定在所述密封件的周界内；
密封衬垫，粘接至所述柔性片的所述下表面；
所述盖层压板的结合层延伸通过至少一个所述预先形成的分配开口，以将所述盖层压板的所述聚合物支持层结合至所述密封衬垫；以及
在拉动所述拉片以将所述盖层压板从所述柔性片分离时，所述密封衬垫通过所述预先形成的分配开口在其所述内侧边缘撕破，使得所述预先形成的分配开口下的所述密封衬垫的一部分随所述盖层压板被去除。
22.根据权利要求21所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片的厚度在约0.5密耳至约2密耳之间以及所述结合层的厚度是约0.5密耳至约2密耳。
23.根据权利要求21所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片包括发泡聚合物层。
24.根据权利要求21所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片是具有发泡聚合物层和粘接至所述发泡聚合物层的第二聚合物层的层压板。
25.根据权利要求21所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片的所述上表面在其上具有释放涂层。
26.根据权利要求21所述的密封件，其中，所述柔性片的一层或多层具有约0.6g／cc至约1.5g／cc的总密度。
27.根据权利要求21所述的密封件，其中，所述结合层的厚度与所述柔性片的厚度的比率是从约1∶1至约1∶0.25。
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