CN109863021B - 用于与含脂肪的组合物一起使用的密封构件 - Google Patents

用于与含脂肪的组合物一起使用的密封构件 Download PDF

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CN109863021B
CN109863021B CN201780065553.7A CN201780065553A CN109863021B CN 109863021 B CN109863021 B CN 109863021B CN 201780065553 A CN201780065553 A CN 201780065553A CN 109863021 B CN109863021 B CN 109863021B
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layer
sealing member
bottom heat
heat sealable
film
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CN109863021A (zh
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本杰明·詹姆斯·哈罗普
艾瑞克·克拉克
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Selig Sealing Products Inc
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Abstract

提供一种用于容器的密封构件，其具有底部可热密封层。本文的密封构件可适用于密封在玻璃容器上和/或与含脂肪和油的材料一起使用。可热封层可包括乙烯丙烯酸和聚烯烃塑性体。

Description

用于与含脂肪的组合物一起使用的密封构件
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年10月28日提交的美国临时申请号62/414,565的权益。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于封闭容器嘴部的层压和密封构件，并且更具体地，涉及一种适合于与含脂肪的组合物一起使用的密封构件。
背景技术
通常希望使用密封构件或内部密封件来密封瓶子、罐子或其他容器开口的开口以保持新鲜度和/或指示容器是否已经被篡改。然后通常将盖子或其他封盖拧紧或放置在颈部或其他容器开口上。在使用中，消费者通常移除盖子或其他封盖以获得对密封件的接近，并从容器移除或以其他方式剥离密封件，以便分配其内容物或获得对其内容物的接近。
密封容器开口的初始尝试包括覆盖容器开口的感应或传导型内部密封件，其中，密封件通常符合开口的形状，使得圆形容器开口用与开口大致相同尺寸的圆盘密封。这些先前密封件通常具有较低的热活化密封层，以将密封件的周边固定到环绕容器开口的边缘或上表面。在将密封件暴露于热量时，下层粘合到容器边缘。在许多情况下，这些密封件包括箔层以提供感应热以活化下部热密封层。
这些先前密封件倾向于提供良好的密封，但是近年来在许多国家已经开始限制可能与食品和其他组合物接触的材料的类型。例如，先前，许多密封构件包括热密封件中的石蜡。然而，在一些国家，不再允许石蜡与某些食品和其他组合物接触。类似地，许多国家也有关于从容器和密封件到组合物(诸如食品和其他食物)中的允许迁移的规定。
此外，某些食品对于长时间保持足够的密封可能特别成问题。例如，一些脂肪状的或含脂肪的组合物可能是有问题的，因为脂肪、油等会降低密封性。当容器的内容物可能与密封件直接接触时，这在运输和储存期间可能尤其成问题，诸如当容器在其侧面上储存或运输时。
而且，许多容器由可能与密封构件不同的材料制成。例如，与含聚合物的密封件和聚合物容器一起使用时相比，玻璃容器对于用含聚合物的密封件进行密封可能特别成问题。玻璃容器还包括各种处理和/或涂层，其用于帮助保存容器的内容物、减少罩盖的降解等。例如，一些玻璃容器可包括疏水涂层、硅烷涂层和其他涂层，这些涂层对于保持适当的密封存在困难。
发明内容
附图说明
图1为示例性密封构件的剖视图；
图2为另一示例性密封构件的剖视图；
图3为示例性密封构件的分解图；
图4为另一示例性密封构件的剖视图；
图5为另一示例性密封构件的剖视图；
图6为示出剥离稳定性的曲线图；以及
图7为具有突片的示例性密封构件的剖视图。
具体实施方式
为简单起见，本公开大体涉及一种用于与容器或瓶子一起使用的密封构件，但是本文中的密封构件可以应用于任何类型的容器、瓶子、包装或具有环绕至内腔的进入开口的边缘或嘴部的其他装置。在本公开中，对密封构件的部件的上表面和下表面以及上层和下层的引用是指如图中大致所描绘并且当密封构件在与容器一起使用中处于直立位置并且在容器的顶部具有开口时的部件的取向。首先将大体描述密封构件的不同解决方案，然后将解释各种构造和材料的更多细节。
应当理解，在一些情况下，本文所述的密封构件在单件式或两件式密封构件构造两者中起作用。单件式密封构件通常仅包括粘合到容器边缘的密封构件。也可以将盖子或封盖与单件式密封构件一起使用。两件式密封构件包括临时粘合到衬里的密封构件。在这种构造中，密封构件粘合到容器的边缘，并且衬里被构造成在加热期间与密封构件分离，以被保留在容器上使用的盖子或其他封盖中。在两件式构造中，可以使用例如蜡层或其他层来将密封构件临时粘合到衬里。其他类型的可释放层也可用于在密封件和衬里之间提供临时粘合。
应当理解，在一些形式中，本文所述的密封构件可适合于为玻璃容器提供气密密封，其可由最终消费者通过从容器中拉出密封件而移除。此外，在一些形式中，可热密封层适合用于与脂肪食物直接接触(不含蜡，既不含链烷烃也不含微晶)，因为欧盟法规EC 10/2011对与脂肪食品直接接触的要求可得到满足。根据一些形式，与使用含蜡的热封层的其他密封构件相比，密封构件的密封稳定性和/或泄漏比可以得到改善，特别是当用于与容器中的脂肪材料直接接触时。另外，在一些形式中，密封构件可适合于与亲水表面一起使用。
本文描述了一种用于容器的密封构件，其能够被热密封到容器的嘴部或开口，诸如玻璃容器上。转到更多细节并如附图中一般所示，该图示出了密封构件。在图1中，提供作为由柔性片材料形成的叠层12的密封构件10，叠层12具有用于粘合到容器的边缘(未示出)的可热密封层14。可热密封层14被设计成经由薄膜层16诸如经由感应加热来加热。如图1所示，可热密封层14可以定位在薄膜16下方并与薄膜16接触。在这种形式中，可热密封层14可以直接粘附到薄膜层16。然而，在薄膜层16和可热密封层14之间可以使用其他中间层、粘合剂等。
密封构件10还可包括聚合物层18。可以提供聚合物层18以根据需要向密封构件10添加某些性质。例如，可以包括聚合物层10以向密封构件提供撕裂强度、提供绝缘、提供粘附到其他层的合适表面等。
下面将更详细地讨论这些部件的细节。合适的粘合剂，诸如热熔粘合剂，可用于可热密封层14。这些材料可包括但不限于聚酯、聚烯烃、聚烯烃塑性体、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、苏林和其他合适的材料。可热密封层可包括热活化以实现其粘合特性的聚合物材料。
根据一种形式，可热密封层的量可为约10g/m2至约50g/m2。例如，在一种形式中，可热密封层的量可为约35g/m2。通过一种解决方案，可热密封层可具有约0.9g/cc至约1.0g/cc的密度。
在一种形式中，可热密封层可以为多种材料的共挤出物。例如，可热密封层可以为乙烯丙烯酸共聚物和聚烯烃塑性体的共挤出物。例如，这种共挤出物可包括Primacore5980i与Affinity GA 1950的组合，两者均由陶氏公司制造。这些材料中的每一种的量也可以变化。例如，乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(诸如Primacore 5980i)与聚烯烃塑性体(诸如AffinityGA 1950)的比率范围可以为约85：15至约95：5。在一种形式中，乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(诸如Primacore 5980i)与聚烯烃塑性体(诸如Affinity GA 1950)的比率为约90：10。
可热密封层的组分，诸如乙烯丙烯酸，可以为较高分子量的材料。据信，在一些形式中，较高分子量的材料可能更适合与疏水性基材一起使用。
材料的量和比率可以根据密封构件要粘附的容器的类型而变化。例如，玻璃容器可以包括不同的处理和/或涂层，使得可以改变共挤出的可热密封构件中的材料的特定比率，以实现期望的密封强度和稳定性。
通过一种解决方案，可热密封层可以为这些材料的单层或多层结构，厚度为约20微米至约40微米。在一些形式中，可热密封层作为涂层共挤出，诸如在薄膜层上的涂层。根据一种形式，可首先将粘结层挤出到薄膜层上，然后可将共挤出层施加到粘结层。粘结层可以帮助将可热密封层粘附到薄膜层。在一种形式中，粘结层可以为乙烯丙烯酸，诸如量约为7g/m2，并且共挤出层可以为聚烯烃塑性体，其具有乙烯丙烯酸，两者的比率约为90：10，诸如量约为28g/m2。由于乙烯丙烯酸在两种组分中，它可以帮助将可热密封层粘附到薄膜层。
薄膜层可以为感应加热层或能够在暴露于感应电流时产生热量的其他层(层中的涡流产生热量)。通过一种解决方案，薄膜层可以为金属层，诸如铝箔、锡等。在其他解决方案中，薄膜层可以为与感应加热层组合的聚合物层。薄膜层还可以为或包括大气阻隔层，其能够至少从密封容器的外部到内部延迟气体和水分的迁移，并且在一些情况下，还同时提供感应加热。因此，薄膜层可以为被构造成提供这些功能的一个或多个层。通过一种解决方案，薄膜层为约0.3密耳至约2密耳的金属箔，诸如铝箔，其能够提供感应加热并用作大气阻隔。根据一种形式，薄膜层可以为约12μm至约40μm，并且在一些形式中，为约20μm。
根据一种形式，可以对薄膜(诸如铝箔)进行电晕处理。电晕处理可有助于改善薄膜与可热密封层之间的粘合。在一种形式中，电晕处理可以提供改善的与箔的粘合和改善的与热封层的玻璃侧的粘合。在一种形式中，提高的电晕处理水平可以帮助增加与薄膜和玻璃两者的粘合。在一种形式中，电晕处理可包括约25W/m2/min。
薄膜层上方为一个或多个聚合物层。在一种形式中，可以包括为聚烯烃或聚酯膜层的聚合物层。在一些解决方案中，聚合物层可以约5微米至约60微米厚，但是也可以使用其他厚度。聚合物层也可以为共聚物和/或吹膜层。也可以包括其他聚合物支撑层，诸如PET、尼龙或一个或多个其他结构型聚合物层。密封构件还可以包括特定应用所需的其他层，其可以为聚合物层和薄膜层之间的层。
通过一种解决方案，聚合物层可包括聚烯烃材料的共混物，诸如与一种或多种低密度聚烯烃组分组合的一种或多种高密度聚烯烃组分的共混物。合适的聚合物包括但不限于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、它们的共混物以及与更高级α-烯烃的共聚物或共混物。通过一种解决方案，聚合物层为约50％至约70％的一种或多种高密度聚烯烃材料，其余为一种或多种低密度聚烯烃材料的共混物。选择共混物以实现有效的密度，以便为容器提供热密封以及一体地将衬里与密封件分开。
密封构件还可包括其他层或部件，诸如印刷油墨、附加聚合物层、泡沫层等。例如，多个聚合物膜和/或泡沫层可以组合用于密封构件。在一种形式中，密封构件可包括聚丙烯膜、泡沫聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯等中的一种或多种。
在一些解决方案中，密封构件中还可以包括附加层。例如，薄粘合剂层(未示出)也可用于根据特定应用的需要固定层，或者所述层可以为共挤出薄膜的复合物。在一种形式中，这些层可以为约0.2密耳至约0.5密耳(或更小)的粘合剂，诸如涂覆的乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃、双组分聚氨酯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、可固化的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂、环氧粘合剂、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物等粘合材料。
一种形式的多层密封构件在图2中示出。在这种形式中，密封构件20包括可热密封层14和薄膜层16，其间具有粘结层22。在一种形式中，粘结层22为乙烯丙烯酸。密封构件20还可包括第一聚合物层24诸如低密度聚乙烯层、第二聚合物层26诸如聚丙烯膜、第三聚合物层28诸如泡沫聚乙烯，以及第四聚合物层30，诸如另一种聚丙烯膜。这些聚合物层可根据需要以各种不同的量和厚度提供。在一种形式中，聚丙烯膜的厚度为约20μm-40μm，泡沫聚乙烯的厚度为约0.8mm至约2mm并且密度为约0.25g/ml至约0.42g/ml，并且可以提供量约为约25g/m2至约35g/m2的低密度聚乙烯。
又一种形式的密封构件在图3中以分解图示出。在这种形式中，密封构件40已经被切割成圆盘形状以便安装在容器上。在图3中，密封构件40包括可热密封层14和薄膜层16。密封构件40还包括聚合物泡沫层42以及聚合物膜44。
如上所述，密封构件还可以构造有背衬层或衬里，使得密封构件被认为具有两件式构造。通过两件式构造，密封构件临时粘合到衬里。在这种构造中，密封构件粘合到容器的边缘，并且衬里被构造成在加热期间与密封构件分离，以被保留在容器上使用的盖子或其他封盖中。
背衬层可以由食品级纸板或纸浆板的层形成。在一个替代实施例中，背衬层可以由合成材料(诸如泡沫塑料材料层，纸层已粘附到其底表面)形成。在一种形式中，背衬层包括吸收性组分。在使用合成衬里的情况下，纸层可以用作与需要能够吸收熔融蜡的蜡层或粘合剂接触的底层。蜡层或粘合剂可用于将背衬层粘附到聚合物层或其他膜或泡沫层的至少一部分。在一种形式中，背衬层可具有约600μm至约900μm的厚度。在一种形式中，背衬层被设计成与密封构件分离并且在盖子从容器移除时保留在盖子中。
图4中示出了两件式构造的一种形式。在图4中，密封构件50包括底部可热密封层14、粘结层22、薄膜层16和聚合物层18。如上所述，密封构件50还包括背衬层52，诸如纸浆层、纸板层等。
在一个方面，本文的密封构件还可包括完全位于密封构件的周边内的拉片或抓握突片。其一种形式在图5中示出。在这种形式中，密封构件60可包括部分地粘附到叠层12的聚合物层62。然后，当使用者抓握时，聚合物层64的未粘合部分可以向上枢转，使得未粘合部分形成突片64。虽然被示为通常结合到类似于图1中所示的密封构件中，但是聚合物层62和突片64可以结合到其他实施例中，诸如本文所述的其他实施例。
在使用中，通过拉动突片64，使用者可以向上枢转突片64并使用突片64从容器边缘或其他容器部分移除密封构件60。在一种解决方案中，通过拉动突片64，将密封构件60一体地从容器边缘移除。在各种参考文献中描述了类似的突片，诸如美国专利号9,440,765、9,913,513和9,028,963。拉片64可以形成为上叠层，并且可以包括任何数量的不同层，其类似于本文所讨论的层，包括但不限于聚合物层、聚合物膜、聚合物泡沫等。
本文所述的密封构件可适合于与容纳具有脂肪元素、油等的材料的容器一起使用。例如，脂肪组合物可包括诸如巧克力涂抹物、坚果涂抹物、香料、含棕榈油的组合物、植物油、高度饱和的植物油、椰子油、橄榄油、向日葵油等的材料。应当理解，密封构件也可以与其他组合物(诸如其中含有油、脂肪等的食品)一起使用。
本文的密封构件可用于密封各种不同的容器，诸如玻璃容器和其他类型的容器。图7中示出了一个实施例，其中，密封构件70用于密封容器72。应当理解，密封构件70可以采用各种形式，诸如本文所述的那些形式。
密封构件可适合于与各种类型的玻璃、玻璃处理等一起使用。III型玻璃通常以两种或三种方式处理——热端、冷端和感应处理。通过对四氯化锡或四氯化钛进行“热端”处理，在此过程中，螺纹和平台区域被屏蔽，因为当施加金属封盖时，锡会与钢铁发生反应并生锈。所述处理为蒸汽，因此在平台区域上有一些反应。“冷端”处理包括油酸、单硬脂酸酯、蜡、硅或聚乙烯。这通常是从下面垂直地喷射在各排罐子之间。平台区域可以再次对其进行一点该处理，因为所述处理可以为喷涂形式。类似地，不希望在螺纹区域上进行处理，因为这将不利地影响盖子关闭扭矩。也可以添加感应处理，但这些处理往往是玻璃制造商专有的，并且在它们的使用上变化很大。
在某些情况下，玻璃的疏水性会影响密封构件和玻璃之间的粘合。例如，提高疏水性可降低粘合强度。在这些情况下，可以改变可热密封层组分中的一种或多种的分子量。例如，随着疏水性的提高，可以降低乙烯丙烯酸的分子量以改善粘合。
在一种形式中，密封构件可适合于密封由Arkema制造的Tego Glas RP40。这是一种经过冷端-处理的玻璃，其可以在80℃以上的工作温度下使用，在该温度下，玻璃涂层不会降解。
玻璃还可包括疏水涂层，诸如硅烷涂层。当使用这些涂层时，可降低可热密封层组分中的一种或多种的分子量以提高粘附性。
密封构件的各个层可以经由热层压工艺组装，从而形成所述层的片材。粘合剂涂层和/或挤出叠层也可用于层中的一个或多个。在层压期间，对网施加加热以便活化层压结构中的各种热活化层，以便形成密封构件。可以根据需要将所得的密封构件的叠层片材切割成适当尺寸的盘或其他形状，以形成器皿封闭组件或带突片的密封构件。将切割的密封构件插入盖子或其他封盖中，继而将盖子或其他封盖施加到待密封的容器的颈部。螺旋盖可以拧到容器的开口颈部上，从而将密封构件夹在容器的开口颈部和盖子的顶部之间。然后施加热或感应电流或其他密封以将形成密封部分的层的底部组件密封到容器的颈部。
包括以下示例以说明本文的公开内容而不限于此。除非本文另有说明，否则所有份数和百分比均以重量计。
示例
在第一示例中，通过将Primacore 5980i涂覆在29微米铝箔上作为粘结层来制备密封构件。接下来，将Primacore 5980i与Affinity GA 1950以约90：10的比率共挤出，以提供约28g/m2的涂层重量。然后将所得层状材料层压到背衬衬里上。
最初密封玻璃罐以了解密封窗口。速度为30m/min，并判断密封强度和过热证据。密封结果总结在下表1中。
表1：密封窗口，使用Enercon Superseal Max，8mm气隙，30m/min和4N扭矩。
功率 密封性 注释
70％ 没有
80％ 弱
85％ 好
90％ 好
95％ 良好
100％ 强 一些辐条
功率 密封性 注释
为了首先测试密封性，将8个罐子以100％的功率密封，其中，4个装满橄榄油并保持在环境温度下。其余四个罐子在周末期间留下并且两天后进行真空测试。这总结在下表2中。
表2：初始真空测试结果
罐子 压力 20秒通过/失败 保持的时间
1 -200mbar 通过 >4分钟
2 -200mbar 通过 >4分钟
3 -300mbar 通过 >4分钟
4 -400mbar 通过 >4分钟
罐子 压力 20秒通过/失败 保持的时间
4个罐子装满橄榄油并且在环境温度下保持密封，没有泄漏迹象。
密封另外的罐子并在30分钟内进行真空测试。将这些以95％和100％的功率密封，并在-200mbar和-400mbar压力下重新测试。这些结果总结在下表3中：
表3：对总共20个罐子进行进一步真空测试
Figure BDA0002036799290000071
Figure BDA0002036799290000081
表3表明瓶子测试是可接受的，在最低压力下甚至超过4分钟都没有表明任何失败。
将另外的罐子用橄榄油以及橄榄油和棕榈油的混合物密封，比率为90：10，感应加热功率均为100％和95％，一些保持在环境温度，而一些保持在30℃90％Rh。
另外，还检查了材料的剥离稳定性。这在图6中显示。
对其他类型和玻璃处理进行了额外的测试。处理中的一些包括疏水涂层、亲水涂层和未处理的玻璃。
还分析了可热密封层的各种组分的迁移。更具体地，许多国家对密封部件迁移到容器中的材料/食物中的量有各种限制。更具体地，测试具有Primacore 5980i与AffinityGA 1950以约90：10的比率组合的热密封构件的样品的每种组分的迁移。
例如，测试乙烯丙烯酸共聚物和聚烯烃塑性体在60℃下在10天内到植物油中的迁移。结果如下表4所示。
表4
复制 专有添加剂的迁移
μg/dm2
1 <17
2 <17
3 <17
平均值 <17
迁移限度为3mg/kg，使得样品是可接受的。
通过萃取到乙腈中两次以确保完全萃取来确定残留的丙烯酸含量示于下表5中。
表5
Figure BDA0002036799290000082
Figure BDA0002036799290000091
在许多国家，丙烯酸迁移的限度为6mg/kg，因此样品符合要求。
鉴于迁移测试，据信可热密封层适合与脂肪材料一起使用，因为可热密封层中使用的组分具有有限的迁移。
应当理解，本文已经描述和说明以便解释产品和方法的性质的过程、衬里、密封件及其组合的细节、材料和布置的各种变化可以由本领域技术人员在所附权利要求中表达的实施产品的原理和范围内进行。例如，密封件可以根据特定应用的需要包括叠层内的其他层。根据需要，也可以使用附图中未示出的粘合剂层以将各层固定在一起。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于密封容器的边缘的密封构件，所述密封构件包括：
底部可热密封层，其被构造成用于将所述密封构件热密封到容器边缘，所述底部可热密封层包括乙烯丙烯酸和聚烯烃塑性体；
定位在所述底部可热密封层上方的薄膜层，所述薄膜层被构造成将热量传递到所述底部热密封构件，以在所述底部可热密封层和所述容器边缘之间形成粘合；以及
定位在所述薄膜层上方的聚合物层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封构件，进一步包括粘结层，所述粘结层包括乙烯丙烯酸，并且所述底部可热密封层包括乙烯丙烯酸和所述聚烯烃塑性体的共挤出物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的密封构件，其中，所述底部可热密封层包括比率为85：15至95：5的乙烯丙烯酸聚烯烃塑性体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的密封构件，进一步包括背衬层，所述背衬层包括吸收部件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的密封构件，进一步包括泡沫聚合物层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的密封构件，其中，所述底部可热密封层、薄膜层和聚合物层包括所述密封构件的下部层压部分，并且第二聚合物层部分地粘附到所述下部层压部分，使得所述第二聚合物层的未粘合部分形成突片。
7.根据权利要求1所述的密封构件，其中，所述薄膜为金属箔，其厚度为20微米至40微米。
8.根据权利要求1所述的密封构件，其中，所述薄膜经过电晕处理。
9.一种用于形成密封构件的叠层，所述叠层包括：
底部可热密封层，其包括乙烯丙烯酸和聚烯烃塑性体；
定位在所述底部可热密封层上方的薄膜层，所述薄膜层包括金属箔；以及
定位在所述薄膜层上方的聚合物层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的叠层，进一步包括粘结层，所述粘结层包括乙烯丙烯酸，并且所述底部可热密封层包括乙烯丙烯酸和所述聚烯烃塑性体的共挤出物。
11.根据权利要求9所述的叠层，其中，所述底部可热密封层包括比率为85：15至95：5的乙烯丙烯酸和聚烯烃塑性体。
12.根据权利要求9所述的叠层，进一步包括背衬层，所述背衬层包括吸收部件。
13.根据权利要求9所述的叠层，进一步包括泡沫聚合物层。
14.根据权利要求9所述的叠层，其中，所述底部可热密封层、薄膜层和聚合物层包括所述密封构件的下部层压部分，并且第二聚合物层部分地粘附到所述下部层压部分，使得所述第二聚合物层的未粘合部分形成突片。
15.根据权利要求9所述的叠层，其中，所述薄膜为金属箔，其厚度为20微米至40微米。
16.根据权利要求9所述的叠层，其中，所述薄膜经过电晕处理。
17.一种容器和密封构件系统，包括：
容器，其具有用于容纳所述密封构件的边缘区域、由玻璃构成的平台区域；以及
密封构件，其具有底部可热密封层、薄膜层和定位在所述薄膜层上方的聚合物层，
所述底部可热密封层被构造成用于将所述密封构件热密封到所述容器边缘，所述底部可热密封层包括乙烯丙烯酸和聚烯烃塑性体，
所述薄膜层定位在所述底部可热密封层上方，所述薄膜层被构造成将热量传递到所述底部热密封构件，以在所述底部可热密封层和所述容器边缘之间形成粘合。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述玻璃为III型玻璃。
19.根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述玻璃为冷处理玻璃。
20.根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述玻璃包括疏水涂层。
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US20190276209A1 (en) 2019-09-12
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