CN103782420B - 包含硅基材料和碳材料的负极、以及包含所述负极的锂二次电池 - Google Patents
包含硅基材料和碳材料的负极、以及包含所述负极的锂二次电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103782420B CN103782420B CN201380002953.5A CN201380002953A CN103782420B CN 103782420 B CN103782420 B CN 103782420B CN 201380002953 A CN201380002953 A CN 201380002953A CN 103782420 B CN103782420 B CN 103782420B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- negative pole
- carbon
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- amorphous carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 Delanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLYXJBROWQDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1Cl LLYXJBROWQDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010011968 Decreased immune responsiveness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910007540 Li2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011181 Li7Si2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012506 LiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018671 Lix(NiaCobMnc)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018642 Lix(NiaCobMnc)O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018700 LixCo1-yMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018708 LixCo1−yMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001091 LixCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016717 LixCoPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001246 LixFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015237 LixMn2-zCozO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015260 LixMn2-zNizO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015329 LixMn2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015286 LixMn2−zCozO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015257 LixMn2−zNizO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003007 LixMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014212 LixNi1-yCoyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014220 LixNi1-yMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014322 LixNi1−yCoyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014344 LixNi1−yMnyO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014149 LixNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002391 graphite-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000845 politef Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种负极,其包含负极活性材料,所述负极活性材料包含SiOx(0<x≤1)和表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料,其中晶体取向比在0.07~0.17的范围内。包含本发明的负极的锂二次电池可具有改进的寿命特性、低的厚度变化率以及改进的初始放电容量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含硅基材料和碳材料的负极、以及包含所述负极的锂二次电池。
背景技术
近来,锂二次电池由于其能量密度高和寿命长的特性已受到了最多的关注。一般来说,锂二次电池包含由碳材料或锂金属合金形成的负极、由锂金属氧化物形成的正极、以及其中锂盐溶解于有机溶剂中的电解质。
最初将锂用作构成锂二次电池的负极的负极活性材料。然而,锂可能具有低的可逆性和安全性,目前主要使用碳材料作为锂二次电池的负极活性材料。尽管碳材料具有的容量可能小于锂的容量,但碳材料可具有小的体积变化和优异的可逆性,并且在成本方面可以是有利的。
然而,随着高容量锂二次电池的使用扩展,对于锂二次电池的需求已逐渐增加。结果,需要可替代低容量碳材料的高容量电极活性材料。为此目的,已经对使用(半)金属如硅(Si)和锡(Sn)作为电极活性材料进行了研究,所述(半)金属显示高于碳材料的充放电容量并且可以与锂电化学合金化。
在上述材料中,由于硅基材料的容量(4190mAh/g)是碳基负极活性材料的理论容量(372mAh/g)的11倍以上,所以硅基材料作为替代碳基负极活性材料的材料是关注的焦点。然而,由于当仅使用硅基材料时硅基材料在锂离子嵌入期间的体积膨胀是3倍以上,所以随着电池的充放电进行,所述电池的容量倾向于降低,并且硅基材料可能由于体积膨胀而与集电器分离。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明提供具有改进的寿命特性、低的厚度变化率和改进的初始放电容量的负极,以及包含所述负极的锂二次电池。
解决问题的手段
根据本发明的一个方面,提供包含负极活性材料的负极,所述负极活性材料包含SiOx(0<x≤1)和表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料,其中,晶体取向比在0.07~0.17的范围内。
具体实施方式
下文中,将更详细地描述本发明以使得对本发明的理解更清楚。应理解,本说明书和权利要求书中所用的词语或术语不应被解释为常用词典中所限定的含义。应进一步理解,基于发明人可适当地限定所述词语或术语的含义以最好地解释本发明的原则,所述词语或术语应该被解释为具有与其在相关技术情况下和本发明的技术理念中的含义一致的含义。
本发明提供一种负极,其包含SiOx(0<x≤1)和表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料,并具有0.07~0.17的晶体取向比。
根据本发明的一个实施方式的负极,通过包含SiOx(0<x≤1)和表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料,从而可利用硅基材料用于增加容量的优势,并且同时可通过利用所述碳材料来降低整个电池的厚度膨胀程度。另外,可通过用无定形碳涂布碳材料的表面来控制负极的晶体取向比,由此,所述负极可进一步提高初始放电容量并减少体积膨胀。
一般来说,负极的硬度可根据活性材料例如碳材料的表面而变化。也就是说,由于硬质石墨可能通过在负极制备期间降低压制后负极的晶体取向比而形成低的电极密度,所以单位体积的能量密度可能降低。此外,石墨越软,压制后负极的晶体取向比越高。因此,负极的剥离强度可能增大。碳材料的表面硬度可受到碳材料的表面涂布程度影响。
因此,根据本发明实施方式的负极,通过利用硅基材料用于增加容量的优势、以及通过用无定形碳涂布碳材料的表面来控制负极的晶体取向比,从而不仅可在压制期间显示稳定且高的电极密度,而且可进一步提高初始放电容量并减少体积膨胀。
一般来说,在负极制备后所述负极的晶体取向与所述负极的表面平行的情况下,由充电期间锂离子的嵌入造成的体积膨胀反映在Z轴方向(厚度方向)从而增加负极的厚度膨胀率。
在本发明中,由于当随机保持负极的晶体取向时由锂离子的嵌入造成的体积膨胀可能分散,所以可以使厚度膨胀率最小化并且可以提高初始放电容量。
因此,根据本发明实施方式的负极的晶体取向比可以在0.07~0.17的范围内。在晶体取向比小于0.07的情况下,负极的厚度膨胀率可能高,并且在晶体取向比大于0.17的情况下,负极本身的厚度可能高,因为负极可能未被充分压制。
根据本发明实施方式的负极的密度可以在1.5g/cc~1.6g/cc的范围内。在负极的密度小于上述范围的情况下,在电池充电期间电极的膨胀程度可能增大,并且单位体积电极的电池容量可能降低。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,可以将石墨用作碳材料。具体地,所述碳材料可包含选自天然石墨、人造石墨、中间相炭微球(MCMB)、碳纤维和炭黑中的任一种或者其两种以上的混合物。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,负极的晶体取向比可根据碳材料表面上的无定形碳涂布程度而改变。
具体地,在将碳材料与无定形碳混合之后可通过热处理来进行涂布。然而,涂布方法不限于此。例如,将碳材料与无定形碳混合,然后将混合物置于烧结炉中。然后,例如可通过在300℃~1400℃的温度下进行烧结从而以无定形碳涂布碳材料的表面。
无定形碳的实例可包括硬碳,即由各种有机材料如酚醛树脂或呋喃树脂的热分解而获得的无定形碳基材料;软碳,即由焦炭、针状焦炭、煤焦油沥青、石油沥青或重油的渗碳而获得的无定形碳基材料;或它们的混合物。
基于碳材料,可以以0.1重量%~20重量%的量包含无定形碳。在无定形碳的量小于0.1重量%的情况下,因为碳材料上涂布的无定形碳的量小,所以负极的晶体取向可能降低。在无定形碳的量大于20重量%的情况下,负极的重量可能增加且容量的增加可能不大。
无定形碳的涂层厚度可以在10nm~700nm的范围内。
此外,SiOx(0<x≤1)对表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料的重量比可在3:97~70:30的范围内,并且例如可在10:50~10:97的范围内。在SiOx(0<x≤1)的重量比小于3的情况下,电池的容量可能未得到提高,并且在SiOx(0<x≤1)的重量比大于70的情况下,电池的寿命可能降低。
在根据本发明实施方式的负极中,SiOx(0<x≤1)可为一氧化硅。一般使用的硅粒子在电化学吸收、储存和释放锂原子的反应中可能伴随非常复杂的晶体变化。随着电化学吸收、储存和释放锂原子的反应进行,硅粒子的组成和晶体结构变成硅(Si)(晶体结构:Fd3m)、LiSi(晶体结构:I41/a)、Li2Si(晶体结构:C2/m)、Li7Si2(Pbam)以及Li22Si5(F23)。此外,根据晶体结构的复杂变化,硅粒子的体积膨胀至约4倍。因此,当重复充放电循环时,随着硅粒子破裂以及形成锂原子与硅粒子之间的键,最初包含在硅粒子中的锂原子的嵌入位点被破坏,由此,循环寿命可能显著降低。
关于根据本发明实施方式的负极中的SiOx(0<x≤1),硅原子与氧原子是共价结合的。为了使硅原子与锂原子结合,必须打破硅原子与氧原子之间的共价键。然而,由于能够打破所述共价键的能量可能不足,所以即使插入了锂原子,也不可能破坏SiOx(0<x≤1)的结构。也就是说,由于可以在维持SiOx(0<x≤1)结构的同时进行SiOx(0<x≤1)与锂原子之间的反应,所以可以提高循环寿命和容量。
可通过本领域中已知的典型方法来制备根据本发明实施方式的负极。例如,将粘合剂、导电剂和根据必要的分散剂以及溶剂与负极活性材料混合并搅拌以制备浆料,然后用所述浆料涂布金属集电器并压制。其后,可通过干燥所述金属集电器来制备负极。
在根据本发明实施方式的负极中,晶体取向比指示负极中的晶体结构以预定方向排列,并且晶体取向比可通过X射线衍射(XRD)来测量。
在通过XRD测量电极中的活性材料的(110)面和(004)面之后,在根据本发明实施方式的负极中包含的负极活性材料的晶体取向比是通过对(110)面和(004)面的峰强度进行积分而获得的面积比((110)/(004))。更特别地,XRD测量条件如下。
-靶:Cu(Kα线)石墨单色器
-狭缝:发散狭缝=1°,接收狭缝=0.1mm,散射狭缝=1°
-测量范围和步距角/测量时间:
(110)面:76.5°<2θ<78.5°,0.01°/3秒
(004)面:53.5°<2θ<56.0°,0.01°/3秒
其中“2θ”表示衍射角。上述XRD测量只是一个例子,且还可以使用其他测量方法。可通过使用上述方法来测量负极的晶体取向比。
此外,本发明提供包含正极、负极以及布置在所述正极与所述负极之间的隔膜的锂二次电池。
根据本发明一个实施方式的锂二次电池可包括所有类型的典型锂二次电池,例如锂金属二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂聚合物二次电池或锂离子聚合物二次电池。
可根据本领域中已知的典型方法来制备本发明的锂二次电池。例如,可通过将多孔隔膜插入在正极与负极之间并引入非水电解质来制备锂二次电池。
在根据本发明实施方式的锂二次电池中,可根据本领域中已知的典型方法来制备正极。例如,将粘合剂、导电剂和根据必要的分散剂以及溶剂与正极活性材料混合并搅拌以制备浆料,然后用所述浆料涂布金属集电器并压制。其后,可通过干燥所述金属集电器来制备正极。
可使用含锂过渡金属氧化物作为正极活性材料。例如,可使用选自如下的任一种:LixCoO2(0.5<x<1.3)、LixNiO2(0.5<x<1.3)、LixMnO2(0.5<x<1.3)、LixMn2O4(0.5<x<1.3)、Lix(NiaCobMnc)O2(0.5<x<1.3,0<a<1,0<b<1,0<c<1,a+b+c=1)、LixNi1-yCoyO2(0.5<x<1.3,0<y<1)、LixCo1-yMnyO2(0.5<x<1.3,0≤y<1)、LixNi1-yMnyO2(0.5<x<1.3,0≤y<1)、Lix(NiaCobMnc)O4(0.5<x<1.3,0<a<2,0<b<2,0<c<2,a+b+c=2)、LixMn2-zNizO4(0.5<x<1.3,0<z<2)、LixMn2-zCozO4(0.5<x<1.3,0<z<2)、LixCoPO4(0.5<x<1.3)和LixFePO4(0.5<x<1.3),或者其两种以上的混合物。所述含锂过渡金属氧化物可以用金属如铝(Al)或金属氧化物涂布。此外,除含锂过渡金属氧化物之外,还可以使用硫化物、硒化物和卤化物。
可以将在电池的电压范围内具有高导电性并且无反应性的任何金属用作其中电极活性材料的浆料可容易地粘附至其上的金属集电器。正极集电器的非限制性实例可包括铝、镍,或由它们的组合制备的箔,并且负极集电器的非限制性实例可包括铜、金、镍、或铜合金,或由它们的组合制备的箔。
在锂二次电池的正极和负极中,使用诸如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)或苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)的粘合剂以通过粘合活性材料粒子来维持成型物。
粘合剂可分类为以PVdF代表的溶剂基粘合剂(即,使用有机溶剂作为溶剂的粘合剂)和以SBR代表的水基粘合剂(即,使用水作为溶剂的粘合剂)。由于水基粘合剂不同于溶剂基粘合剂,可以是经济的,可以是环保的,可以不危害工作者的健康并且可以具有比溶剂基粘合剂更大的粘合效果,所以相同体积的活性材料的比率可以增大。因此,锂二次电池的容量可以增加。可以将SBR用作水基粘合剂,并且根据必要,可通过利用增稠剂分散于水中而将SBR用于电极中。
导电剂不受特别限制,只要其为在电化学装置中不产生化学变化的导电材料即可。一般来说,可使用乙炔黑、炭黑、石墨、碳纤维、碳纳米管、金属粉末、导电金属氧化物以及有机导电剂。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,可以在锂二次电池的负极或正极中进一步包含增稠剂以用于粘度控制。增稠剂可为纤维素基化合物。例如,增稠剂可为选自如下的任一种:羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素,或者其两种以上的混合物。根据本发明的一个实施方式,增稠剂例如可为CMC。
可以将有机溶剂如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、丙酮和二甲基乙酰胺或水用作用于形成正极和负极的溶剂。这些溶剂可单独使用或以两种以上的组合使用。然而,在形成负极的情况下,使用水作为溶剂。考虑到浆料的涂层厚度和制造收率,如果溶剂可溶解并分散电极活性材料、粘合剂以及导电剂,则溶剂的用量可以是足够的。
本发明的锂二次电池可包含隔膜。隔膜不受特别限制,但可使用多孔隔膜。隔膜的非限制性实例可包括聚丙烯基、聚乙烯基或聚烯烃基多孔隔膜。
本发明的锂二次电池的形状不受限制,并且可使用利用罐的圆筒型、棱柱型、袋型或硬币型。
实施例
下文中,将根据具体实施方式更充分地描述本发明。然而,本发明可以以许多不同形式来实施并且不应被解释为受限于本文中所阐述的实施方式。相反,提供这些实施方式使得本公开内容透彻和完整,并且将向本领域技术人员充分地传达本发明的范围。
实施例1:负极制备
将其中将粒径为5μm的SiO与表面被无定形碳涂布的石墨混合以具有10:90的重量比的混合物用作负极活性材料。将所述负极活性材料、作为导电剂的乙炔黑、作为粘合剂的SBR以及作为增稠剂的CMC以88:2:5:5的重量比混合,并且将蒸馏水与其混合以制备负极活性材料浆料。
所述表面被无定形碳涂布的石墨以如下方式制备:将石墨与作为无定形碳的重油以85:15的重量比混合,然后在1000℃下对混合物进行热处理以用无定形碳涂布石墨的表面。石墨表面上涂布的无定形碳的量为约2重量%,并且表面涂层的厚度为15nm。将铜集电器的一个表面利用制备的浆料涂布至65μm的厚度,然后干燥并压制。然后,通过冲压成预定尺寸来制备负极。在1.6g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.07。
实施例2
以与实施例1相同的方式制备负极,不同之处在于石墨表面上涂布的无定形碳的量为7重量%。在1.6g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.12。
实施例3
以与实施例1相同的方式制备负极,不同之处在于石墨表面上涂布的无定形碳的量为10重量%。在1.6g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.17。
<锂二次电池制备>
实施例4~6
使用LiCoO2作为正极活性材料。将所述正极活性材料、作为导电剂的乙炔黑以及作为粘合剂的PVdF以94:3.5:2.5的重量比混合,然后将混合物添加至NMP中以制备正极活性材料浆料。将铝箔的一个表面利用制备的浆料涂布,然后干燥并压制。然后,通过冲压成预定尺寸来制备正极。
将聚烯烃隔膜分别布置在实施例1~3中所制备的负极与如上所制备的正极之间。然后,向其中注入电解质以制备锂二次电池,在所述电解质中,将1M LiPF6溶解在以30:70的体积比混合有碳酸亚乙酯(EC)与碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)的溶剂中。
比较例1
以与实施例1相同的方式制备负极,不同之处在于使用SiO和未被无定形碳涂布的石墨。在1.6g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.06。
比较例2
以与实施例1相同的方式制备负极,不同之处在于使用石墨和被无定形碳涂布的石墨。在1.6g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.07。
比较例3
以与实施例1相同的方式制备负极,不同之处在于使用未被无定形碳涂布的片状石墨活性材料。在1.6g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.04。
比较例4
以与实施例1相同的方式制备负极,不同之处在于使用其中石墨表面上涂布的无定形碳的量为25重量%的活性材料。在1.8g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.11(由于压制特性差,即由于过量涂布而不利于压制,所以未测量在1.6g/cc负极密度下的晶体取向比)。
比较例5
以与实施例1相同的方式制备负极,不同之处在于使用其中石墨表面上涂布的无定形碳的量为30重量%的活性材料。在1.8g/cc负极密度下的负极的晶体取向比为0.15(由于压制特性差,即由于过量涂布而不利于压制,所以未测量在1.6g/cc负极密度下的晶体取向比)。
比较例6~10
以与实施例4~6相同的方式制备锂二次电池,不同之处在于分别使用比较例1~5中所制备的负极。
实验例1:锂二次电池的寿命特性和厚度变化率分析
进行下列实验以研究实施例4~6以及比较例6和8~10中所制备的锂二次电池的寿命特性和厚度变化率。
关于锂二次电池的寿命特性,从第3次循环起以0.5C进行充放电,并且测量第1次循环中的放电容量对第49次循环中的放电容量的比率。
关于厚度变化率,通过拆开第50次循环时处于充电状态下的各锂二次电池来测量电极厚度,然后将其与第1次循环之前的电极厚度进行比较。
[表1]
实施例 | 寿命特性(%) | 厚度变化率(%) |
实施例4 | 92 | 74 |
实施例5 | 91 | 73 |
实施例6 | 90 | 71 |
比较例6 | 87 | 113 |
比较例8 | 88 | 125 |
比较例9 | 86 | 91 |
比较例10 | 81 | 87 |
-寿命特性:(第49次循环中的放电容量/第1次循环中的放电容量)×100
-厚度变化率:(第50次循环时处于充电状态下的电极厚度-第1次循环之前的电极厚度)/第1次循环之前的电极厚度×100
如表1中所示,与包含未被无定形碳涂布或者被少量或过量的无定形碳涂布的石墨作为负极活性材料的比较例6~10相比,根据本发明的包含SiO和表面被无定形碳涂布的石墨作为负极活性材料的实施例4~6的锂二次电池显示寿命特性和厚度变化率的显著差异。
也就是说,由于根据本发明实施方式的锂二次电池的电极的晶体取向比在0.07~0.17的范围内,所以从表1中可理解,寿命特性得到改进并且厚度变化率小。
实验例2:锂二次电池的初始放电容量分析
为了研究在实施例4~6以及比较例6~10中制备的锂二次电池的初始放电容量和在50次循环之后的电极的单位体积的放电容量,将实施例4~6以及比较例6~10中制备的锂二次电池以恒定电流(0.5C)充电至5mV的电压。然后,停止充电,直至电流在5mV下达到0.005C,然后终止。电池以恒定电流(0.5C)放电至1.0V的电压。在充电状态下将最后的第50次循环终止,然后通过拆开各单电池来测量电极厚度。根据所获得的厚度来计算电极的体积。
[表2]
如表2中所示,可理解,根据本发明的包含SiO和表面被无定形碳涂布的石墨作为负极活性材料的实施例4~6的锂二次电池的初始放电容量,高于包含表面未被无定形碳涂布或被少量或过量无定形碳涂布的石墨作为负极活性材料的比较例6~10的初始放电容量。此外,可理解,与比较例6~10相比,第50次循环时处于充电状态下的电极的单位体积的放电容量显著更高。
因此,由于根据本发明实施方式的负极包含SiOx(0<x≤1)和被无定形碳涂布的碳材料并且具有满足0.07~0.17的范围的晶体取向比,所以可理解,与比较例的锂电池相比,锂二次电池的初始放电容量和第50次循环时处于充电状态下的电极的单位体积的放电容量显著提高。
尽管已参考本发明的例示性实施方式特别示出和描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员应理解,可在不脱离如由随附权利要求书所限定的本发明的主旨和范围的情况下在形式和细节上做出各种改变。
例示性实施方式应该被视为仅具有描述性意义而不用于限制目的。因此,本发明的范围并非由本发明的详细描述限定,而是由随附权利要求书限定,并且在所述范围内的所有差异都应被解释为包括在本发明中。
工业适用性
根据本发明的一个实施方式的负极可通过包含SiOx(0<x≤1)和表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料而使用硅基材料用于增加容量的优势,并且同时可通过使用所述碳材料来降低整个电池的厚度膨胀程度。另外,可通过用无定形碳涂布碳材料的表面来控制负极的晶体取向比,并且因此,所述负极可进一步提高初始放电容量并减少体积膨胀。
Claims (5)
1.一种负极,包含负极活性材料,所述负极活性材料包含SiOx和表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料的混合物,
其中所述SiOx对所述表面被无定形碳涂布的碳材料的混合重量比在3:97~70:30的范围内,
其中所述碳材料包含选自天然石墨、人造石墨、中间相炭微球、碳纤维和炭黑中的任一种或者其两种以上的混合物,
其中所述无定形碳包含硬碳、软碳或它们的混合物,
其中基于所述碳材料,以0.1重量%~20重量%的量包含所述无定形碳,
其中所述负极的晶体取向比在0.07~0.17的范围内,
其中所述晶体取向比是通过利用X射线衍射测量所述负极中包含的所述负极活性材料的(110)面和(004)面、并且对每个所测量的X射线衍射峰进行积分而获得的面积比(110)/(004),且
其中x满足不等式0<x≤1。
2.权利要求1所述的负极,其中所述负极的密度在1.5g/cc~1.6g/cc的范围内。
3.权利要求1所述的负极,其中所述SiOx是一氧化硅,并且x满足不等式0<x≤1。
4.权利要求1所述的负极,其中所述无定形碳的涂层厚度在10nm~700nm的范围内。
5.一种锂二次电池,包含:
正极;
权利要求1所述的负极;以及
布置在所述正极与所述负极之间的隔膜。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2012-0058785 | 2012-05-31 | ||
KR20120058785 | 2012-05-31 | ||
KR1020130054277A KR101552763B1 (ko) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-05-14 | 규소계 물질과 탄소재를 포함하는 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR10-2013-0054277 | 2013-05-14 | ||
PCT/KR2013/004301 WO2013180411A1 (ko) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-05-15 | 규소계 물질과 탄소재를 포함하는 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103782420A CN103782420A (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
CN103782420B true CN103782420B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
ID=49982565
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380002953.5A Active CN103782420B (zh) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-05-15 | 包含硅基材料和碳材料的负极、以及包含所述负极的锂二次电池 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9666859B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2731179B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5998406B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101552763B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103782420B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013180411A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10305107B2 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2019-05-28 | Imerys Graphite & Carbon Switzerland Ltd. | Surface-modified low surface area graphite, processes for making it, and applications of the same |
US20150236343A1 (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-20 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Coated electrodes for lithium batteries |
WO2015146024A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
KR102234287B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-08 | 2021-03-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 음극 활물질, 이를 채용한 음극과 리튬 전지, 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
KR101895116B1 (ko) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-09-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 슬러리의 제조방법 |
KR102104492B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-02 | 2020-04-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지 |
CN106099079A (zh) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-09 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池负极材料,其制备方法及含有该负极材料的电池 |
JP6894243B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-25 | 2021-06-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 負極層およびリチウム全固体電池 |
KR101981242B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-05-22 | 백창근 | 구리 도핑된 탄소-실리콘 산화물(C-SiOx) 복합체 및 이의 제조 방법 |
GB201803983D0 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2018-04-25 | Unifrax I Llc | Materials |
CN107706383A (zh) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-02-16 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种原位钛掺杂碳包覆氧化亚硅/石墨材料及其制备方法 |
WO2019107990A1 (ko) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬이차전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지 |
KR102454375B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-23 | 2022-10-14 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 음극 슬러리, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 음극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
JP6927131B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-16 | 2021-08-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池の製造方法、全固体電池および全固体電池システム |
CN108807959B (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-04-23 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池 |
CN108807848B (zh) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-10-08 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 负极极片及含有它的二次电池 |
KR102315122B1 (ko) | 2018-06-04 | 2021-10-19 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전지셀, 이차 전지 및 전지셀 제조 방법 |
JP7390597B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-12-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池および電解液 |
CN109616614B (zh) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-12-11 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 负极极片和使用其的电化学装置和电子装置 |
KR20210011245A (ko) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-02-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지의 제조방법 |
CN110581254B (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-05-11 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池负极及其制备方法 |
CN112786949B (zh) * | 2019-11-06 | 2022-06-07 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池及含有该二次电池的电池模组、电池包、装置 |
JP7178488B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-11-25 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | 負極、並びに、それを含む電気化学装置及び電子装置 |
US11342594B2 (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2022-05-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Management systems and methods for silicon-containing lithium-ion batteries |
WO2023206140A1 (zh) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-11-02 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
KR20240109114A (ko) * | 2023-01-03 | 2024-07-10 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1581544A (zh) * | 2003-08-16 | 2005-02-16 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种改性石墨及其制备方法 |
CN1661833A (zh) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-31 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 可充电锂电池的负极活性物质及其制备方法以及包含它的可充电锂电池 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10223229A (ja) * | 1997-02-12 | 1998-08-21 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
US6482547B1 (en) * | 1998-05-21 | 2002-11-19 | Samsung Display Devices Co., Ltd. | Negative active material for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using the same |
JP2000243396A (ja) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-09-08 | Hitachi Ltd | リチウム二次電池とその製造方法及びその負極材並びに電気機器 |
JP4752992B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2011-08-17 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極材 |
KR100453920B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-14 | 2004-10-20 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 비정질 탄소가 코팅된 구형 흑연 및 그의 제조방법 |
KR100595896B1 (ko) * | 2003-07-29 | 2006-07-03 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 그의 제조 방법 |
KR100570651B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-25 | 2006-04-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 그의 제조 방법 및 그를포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
JP5192703B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-06 | 2013-05-08 | Necエナジーデバイス株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
US9281541B2 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2016-03-08 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolyte for secondary battery and nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing the same |
JP5359490B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-14 | 2013-12-04 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2011027503A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-10 | 日立ビークルエナジー株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
KR101049829B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-07-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
JP2012033375A (ja) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-16 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水系二次電池用炭素材料 |
KR101126202B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-03-22 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
JP6268729B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2018-01-31 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 非水系二次電池用負極材、非水系二次電池用負極及び非水系二次電池 |
-
2013
- 2013-05-14 KR KR1020130054277A patent/KR101552763B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-15 EP EP13797624.7A patent/EP2731179B1/en active Active
- 2013-05-15 WO PCT/KR2013/004301 patent/WO2013180411A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2013-05-15 CN CN201380002953.5A patent/CN103782420B/zh active Active
- 2013-05-15 JP JP2014552141A patent/JP5998406B2/ja active Active
- 2013-08-22 US US13/973,010 patent/US9666859B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1581544A (zh) * | 2003-08-16 | 2005-02-16 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种改性石墨及其制备方法 |
CN1661833A (zh) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-31 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 可充电锂电池的负极活性物质及其制备方法以及包含它的可充电锂电池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2731179B1 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
US20130337325A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
US9666859B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
KR20130135071A (ko) | 2013-12-10 |
JP2015503836A (ja) | 2015-02-02 |
WO2013180411A1 (ko) | 2013-12-05 |
EP2731179A1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
JP5998406B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
EP2731179A4 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
KR101552763B1 (ko) | 2015-09-11 |
CN103782420A (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103782420B (zh) | 包含硅基材料和碳材料的负极、以及包含所述负极的锂二次电池 | |
CN104106160B (zh) | 包含球形天然石墨的负极及包含该负极的锂二次电池 | |
Zheng et al. | Facile synthesis of porous tubular NiO with considerable pseudocapacitance as high capacity and long life anode for lithium-ion batteries | |
CN105794027B (zh) | 石墨次级粒子和包含其的锂二次电池 | |
CN101512798B (zh) | 锂离子二次电池负极用碳材料、含浸低结晶性碳的锂离子二次电池负极用碳材料、负极电极板及锂离子二次电池 | |
TWI620372B (zh) | 鋰離子蓄電池用負極材料,鋰離子蓄電池用負極及鋰離子蓄電池 | |
TWI330900B (en) | Cathode active material and lithium secondary battery containing the same | |
CN101663781A (zh) | 用于锂蓄电池的壳核型阳极活性材料、制备所述材料的方法以及包含所述材料的锂蓄电池 | |
CN105659417A (zh) | 负极活性材料和包含其的锂二次电池 | |
KR101602526B1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 | |
CN108493419B (zh) | 一种温度敏感复合电极及其制备方法 | |
JP2017520892A (ja) | リチウム電池用正極 | |
TW201921781A (zh) | 二次電池用負極活性物質及二次電池 | |
EP2266157A1 (en) | Negative active material for secondary battery, and electrode and secondary battery including the same | |
US20230112637A1 (en) | Fast-charging graphite and battery | |
CN106848379B (zh) | 含吸湿性物质的锂二次电池用电极及包含其的锂二次电池 | |
CN107408698A (zh) | 负极活性材料和其制备方法 | |
US20220002160A1 (en) | Composite graphite material and method for preparation thereof, secondary battery, and apparatus | |
CN110267917A (zh) | 制备锂二次电池用正极活性材料的方法、由此制备的正极活性材料以及包含其的锂二次电池用正极和锂二次电池 | |
KR101554692B1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 전구체, 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지 | |
JP7136244B2 (ja) | 有機硫黄材料、電極およびリチウムイオン二次電池並びに製造方法 | |
JP5636786B2 (ja) | リチウム二次電池用負極材、これを用いたリチウム二次電池用負極、及びリチウム二次電池。 | |
JP2009533835A (ja) | 二次電池用負極材及びこれを用いた二次電池 | |
JP7097399B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン電池用集電体及びリチウムイオン電池用電極 | |
JP2023068392A (ja) | 電極活物質、電極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20211201 Address after: Seoul, South Kerean Patentee after: LG Energy Solution Address before: Seoul, South Kerean Patentee before: LG CHEM, Ltd. |