JP5998406B2 - ケイ素系物質と炭素材を含むリチウム二次電池用負極、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
ケイ素系物質と炭素材を含むリチウム二次電池用負極、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5998406B2 JP5998406B2 JP2014552141A JP2014552141A JP5998406B2 JP 5998406 B2 JP5998406 B2 JP 5998406B2 JP 2014552141 A JP2014552141 A JP 2014552141A JP 2014552141 A JP2014552141 A JP 2014552141A JP 5998406 B2 JP5998406 B2 JP 5998406B2
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- negative electrode
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- carbon
- amorphous carbon
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 56
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 Si and Sn Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HIBWGGKDGCBPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HIBWGGKDGCBPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012506 LiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
−スリット(slit):発散スリット=1度、受信スリット=0.1mm、散乱スリット=1度
−測定区域及びステップ角度/測定時間:
(110)面:76.5度<2θ<78.5度、0.01度/3秒
(004)面:53.5度<2θ<56.0度、0.01度/3秒、ここで、2θは回折角度を現わす。前記XRD測定は一つの例として、他の測定方法もまた用いられることができ、前記のような方法で負極の配向指数を測定することができる。
負極の製造
負極活物質としては、5μmのSiO及び表面に非晶質炭素がコーティングされた黒鉛を10:90の重量比で混合したものを用いており、導電剤としてアセチレンブラック、バインダとしてスチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)を88:2:5:5の重量比で混合した後、蒸留水に混合して負極活物質スラリーを製造した。
黒鉛表面に非晶質炭素の表面コーティングの量が7重量%であることを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で負極を製造する。このとき、1.6g/ccの負極密度において負極の配向指数は0.12であった。
黒鉛表面に非晶質炭素の表面コーティングの量が10重量%であることを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で負極を製造する。このとき、1.6g/ccの負極密度において負極の配向指数は0.17であった。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2を用いており、導電剤としてアセチレンブラック、バインダとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF)を94:3.5:2.5の重量比で混合した後、NMPに添加して正極活物質スラリーを製造した。製造されたスラリーをアルミニウムホイルの一面にコーティングし、乾燥及び圧延した後、一定の大きさにパンチングして正極を製造した。
非晶質炭素がコーティングされない黒鉛及びSiOを用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で負極を製造した。このとき、1.6g/ccの電極密度において負極の配向指数は0.06であった。
非晶質炭素がコーティングされた黒鉛及び黒鉛を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で負極を製造した。このとき、1.6g/ccの電極密度において負極の配向指数は0.07であった。
非晶質炭素がコーティングされない片状黒鉛活物質を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で負極を製造する。このとき、1.6g/ccの負極密度において負極の配向指数は0.04であった。
黒鉛表面に非晶質炭素の表面コーティングの量が25重量%である活物質を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で負極を製造する。このとき、1.8g/ccの負極密度において負極の配向指数は0.11であった。(過度なコーティングの量によりプレス特性が良くないため、すなわち、よく押されないため1.6g/ccの負極密度で測定されない)
黒鉛表面に非晶質炭素の表面コーティングの量が30重量%である活物質を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で負極を製造する。このとき、1.8g/ccの負極密度において負極の配向指数は0.15であった。(過度なコーティングの量によりプレス特性が良くないため、すなわち、よく押されないため1.6g/ccの負極密度で測定されない)
前記それぞれの比較例1ないし5で製造された負極を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例4ないし6と同じ方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
リチウム二次電池の寿命特性及び厚さ変化率の分析
前記実施例4ないし6、及び比較例6及び8ないし10で製造されたリチウム二次電池の寿命特性及び厚さ変化率を調べるために下記のような実験を施した。
リチウム二次電池の初期放電容量の分析
前記実施例4ないし6、及び比較例6ないし10で製造されたリチウム二次電池の初期放電容量及び50サイクル後の電極体積当たりの放電容量を調べるため、実施例4ないし6及び比較例6ないし10で製造されたリチウム二次電池を5mVまで定電流(0.5C)で充電した後、5mVで電流が0.005Cに到逹するまで停電した後、終了した。電池の放電は1.0Vまで定電流(0.5C)で放電した。最終50サイクル目では充電状態で終了した後、セルを分解して厚さを測定しており、得られた厚さで電極の体積を計算した。
Claims (8)
- リチウム二次電池用負極であって、
SiOx(0<x≦1)及び表面に非晶質炭素がコーティングされた炭素材を含む負極活物質を備えてなり、
前記負極に含まれた前記負極活物質の(110)面と(004)面をXRDで測定し、それぞれの測定されたXRDピークを積分して得られた面積比((110)/(004))である配向指数が0.07〜0.17であり、
前記負極の密度が、1.5g/cc〜1.6g/ccである、リチウム二次電池用負極。 - 前記炭素材が、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、メゾカーボンマイクロビーズ(MCMB)、炭素繊維及びカーボンブラックからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記SiOx(0<x≦1)対前記表面に非晶質炭素がコーティングされた炭素材の重量比が、3〜70:97〜30であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記SiOxが、一酸化ケイ素であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記非晶質炭素が、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン又はこれらの混合物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記非晶質炭素が、前記炭素材を基準に0.1〜20重量%で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記非晶質炭素のコーティング厚さが、10nm〜700nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- リチウム二次電池であって、
正極と、負極と、及び前記正極と前記負極との間に介在されたセパレータとを備えてなり、
前記負極が、請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載のものであることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。
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