CN103688598B - 布线基板以及电子装置 - Google Patents

布线基板以及电子装置 Download PDF

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CN103688598B
CN103688598B CN201280036295.7A CN201280036295A CN103688598B CN 103688598 B CN103688598 B CN 103688598B CN 201280036295 A CN201280036295 A CN 201280036295A CN 103688598 B CN103688598 B CN 103688598B
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layer
metal
radiating component
insulating body
surface metal
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CN103688598A (zh
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川越弘
八木和彦
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Kyocera Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供一种镀层充分地粘附在表面金属层上的可靠性优异的布线基板。布线基板具有:绝缘基体(11);散热构件(12),其从绝缘基体(11)部分性露出地设置在绝缘基体(11)内,且包含Cu;表面金属层(13),其与散热构件(12)相接并覆盖散热构件(12)地设置在绝缘基体(11)的表面,且作为主成分而包含Mo,且具有包含Cu的表面部;和镀层(16),其设置在表面金属层上,其中散热构件(12)所含的Cu和表面部所含的Cu相连。

Description

布线基板以及电子装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于搭载半导体元件或者发光元件等电子部件的布线基板以及电子装置。
背景技术
以往,对于用于搭载电子部件并被组装入电子设备的布线基板,例如使用氧化铝质烧结体(氧化铝陶瓷)等的陶瓷制绝缘基体。在布线基板中,存在以散热性的提高等为目的而在绝缘基体内埋设散热构件的布线基板(例如,参照专利文献1。)。在这样的布线基板中,存在具有散热构件以及设置于绝缘基体的表面上的表面金属层的布线基板。
作为散热构件,作为可以与上述的氧化铝陶瓷同时地进行烧成、且热膨胀系数接近的材料而使用例如铜钨(CuW)。为了与氧化铝陶瓷同时地进行烧成,对于表面金属层以及布线导体也使用CuW。然而,若作为散热构件以及表面金属层的材料而使用CuW,则在烧成时表面金属层的Cu会向散热构件移动,而存在着表面金属层未烧结这一问题。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-066409号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
对于表面金属层的材料,作为能与散热构件同时地烧成的高熔点金属材料而考虑使用例如烧结温度低于W的钼(Mo)。
然而,对于表面金属层的材料,作为高熔点金属材料而使用了Mo的情况下,若使镀层粘附在表面金属层所露出的表面,则存在镀层不易粘附在表面金属层的表面,使得镀层从表面金属层剥落的可能性。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明的一个形态的布线基板,具有:绝缘基体;散热构件,其从绝缘基体部分性露出地设置在绝缘基体内,且包含Cu;表面金属层,其与散热构件相接并覆盖所述散热构件地设置在绝缘基体的表面,且作为主成分而包含Mo,且具有包含Cu的表面部;和镀层,其设置在表面金属层上。散热部所含的Cu和表面部所含的Cu相连。
本发明的其他形态的电子装置具有:上述构成的布线基板、和搭载于布线基板的电子部件。
发明效果
根据本发明的布线基板,以表面金属层的表面部所含的Cu为起点来粘附镀层。此外,由于散热构件所含的Cu和表面部所含的Cu相连,因此能降低与镀层相接合的Cu和镀层一起从表面部剥落。因此,能降低镀层从表面金属层剥落。
此外,根据本发明的电子装置,由于具有上述构成的布线基板1、和搭载于布线基板1的电子部件2,因此能够增加从电子装置向外部电路基板的热传导量,从而提高电子装置的散热性。
附图说明
图1(a)是表示本发明的第一实施方式中的电子装置的顶视图,图1(b)是图1(a)的底视图。
图2(a)是图1(a)所示的电子装置的A-A线处的剖视图,图2(b)是图2(a)的A部的放大剖视图。
图3(a)是表示本发明的第一实施方式中的电子装置的其他示例的顶视图,图3(b)是图3(a)的A-A线处的剖视图。
图4(a)是表示本发明的第一实施方式中的电子装置的其他示例的顶视图,图4(b)是图4(a)的底视图。
图5是图4(a)所示的电子装置的A-A线处的剖视图。
图6是表示本发明的第二实施方式中的电子装置的顶视图。
图7(a)是表示本发明的第一实施方式中的电子装置的其他示例的顶视图,图7(b)是图7(a)的底视图。
图8是图7(a)所示的电子装置的A-A线处的剖视图。
具体实施方式
关于本发明的几个例示性实施方式,参照附图来进行说明。
(第一实施方式)
如图1~图5所示,本发明的第一实施方式中的电子装置包括:布线基板1;和电子部件2,其设置在布线基板1的上表面。电子装置例如安装在构成电子部件模块的外部电路基板上。在图1~图5中,电子装置安装在虚拟的xyz空间中的xy平面。在图2(a)、图3(b)以及图5中,所谓上方向是指虚拟的z轴的正方向。
如图1~图5所示的例子那样,本实施方式中的布线基板1具有:绝缘基体11;散热构件12,其从绝缘基体11部分性露出地设置在绝缘基体11内;表面金属层13,其与散热构件12相接并覆盖散热构件12地设置在绝缘基体11的表面;布线导体15,其设置在绝缘基体11的表面以及内部;和镀层16,其设置在表面金属层13上。
另外,图1~图5所示的例子的布线基板1还具有:第二表面金属层14,其设置在绝缘基体11的上表面的表面金属层13的周围或者绝缘基体11的下表面,且不与散热构件12相接。
绝缘基体11具有包含电子部件2的搭载区域的上表面,且在俯视的情况下具有矩形的板状的形状。绝缘基体11作为用于支承电子部件2的支承体来发挥功能,在上表面中央部的搭载区域上,电子部件2经由低熔点焊料或者导电性树脂等的接合剂而被粘结固定。
绝缘基体11包含氧化铝质烧结体(氧化铝陶瓷)、氮化铝质烧结体、莫来石质烧结体等的陶瓷。
如果绝缘基体11例如为氧化铝质烧结体的情况,则在氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化镁、氧化钙等的原料粉末中添加适当的有机粘结剂以及有机溶剂等进行混合而形成为泥浆状,通过以往公知的刮刀法或压延辊法等将其成形为片状而获得陶瓷生片,然后对陶瓷生片实施适当的冲孔加工并且将其层叠多片,在高温(约1300℃~1400℃)下烧成,由此制作绝缘基体11。
散热构件12用于将在安装于布线基板1的电子部件2所产生的热传导至布线基板1的外部来提高布线基板1的散热性,且在绝缘基体11的上表面以及下表面从绝缘基体11部分性露出地埋设在绝缘基体11中。
此外,散热构件12例如在俯视的情况下具有角部为圆弧状的矩形状或圆形状的柱状的形状。另外,散热构件12在俯视的情况下具有大于电子部件2的形状。
散热构件12作为主成分而包含Cu、和熔点高于Cu的高熔点金属材料,例如包含CuW。在本说明书中,所谓主成分是指在含有成分之中为最多的成分。主成分优选相对于整个含有成分而包含50质量%以上。在构成散热构件12的成分中,CuW的含有量最多。此外,在构成散热构件12的成分中,只要包含50质量%以上即可。
通过基于金属模或冲压的冲孔加工或者激光加工而在绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片上设置孔,在该孔内设置成为散热构件12的金属片或者金属膏,由此制作这样的散热构件12。
如图1~图5所示的例子那样,若散热构件12从绝缘基体11的上表面露出,则与散热构件12不露出的情况相比,能有效提高电子部件2的散热性。散热构件12,既可以如图1~图3所示的例子那样从绝缘基体11的上下表面露出,也可以如图4以及图5所示的例子那样仅从绝缘基体11的上表面露出。
在这样的散热构件12使用金属片来制作的情况下,只要金属片被形成为在俯视时与绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片的孔相同的形状、且与陶瓷生片的孔的深度相同的厚度,并填充陶瓷生片的孔地埋设即可。另外,若金属片与通过冲孔加工在陶瓷生片上设置孔的同时进行埋设,则能够效率良好地制作成形体。
例如,若在形成有贯通孔的绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片的上表面载放金属片,并在陶瓷生片上使用形成有贯通孔的冲孔金属模,从金属片侧向金属片和陶瓷生片冲孔出贯通孔,则能够在陶瓷生片的贯通孔内嵌入被冲孔成与该贯通孔相同尺寸的金属片。
在金属粉末中加入有机粘结剂以及有机溶剂并根据需要加入规定量的增塑剂或分散剂来获得浆料,并通过刮刀法、唇涂法或者模涂法等的成形方法将浆料涂敷在PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)等的树脂或纸制的支承体上,呈片状成形,通过热风干燥、真空干燥或者远红外线干燥等的干燥方法进行干燥,由此制作这样的金属片。
作为金属粉末而使用钨(W)以及铜(Cu)的粉末。另外,金属粉末也可以是混合、合金的任意形态。若使用混合了Cu粉末和W粉末的金属片,则能制作由散热性优异的铜钨(CuW)构成的散热构件12。
作为金属片中使用的有机粘结剂、浆料所含的有机溶剂,能够使用与在上述的陶瓷生片中使用的材料相同的材料。
有机粘结剂的添加量只要是在烧成时易被分解去除、且可分散金属粉末、生片的操作性或加工性良好的量即可,期望相对于金属粉末为10~20质量%程度。
有机溶剂的量期望设为,通过以相对于金属粉末为30~100质量%的量进行加入,从而能够将浆料良好地涂敷在支承体上这样的粘度,具体而言为3cps~100cps程度。
在作为主成分的W以及Cu的金属粉末中加入有机粘结剂以及有机溶剂并根据需要加入分散剂等,通过球磨机、三辊研磨机或者行星式混合机等的混匀设备进行混合以及混匀,由此制作散热构件12用的金属膏。
这样的散热构件12用的金属膏中使用的有机粘结剂的添加量,只要是在烧成时易被分解去除、且能分散金属粉末的量即可,期望相对于金属粉末为5~20质量%程度的量。有机溶剂以相对于金属粉末为4~15质量%的量加入,而被调整成15000~40000cps程度。
另外,为了与烧成时的陶瓷生片1的烧成收缩行为或收缩率相匹配、或者为了确保烧成后的散热构件12的接合强度,也可在金属膏中添加玻璃或陶瓷的粉末。
此外,在作为散热构件12用的金属材料而使用金属膏的情况下,虽然只要将金属膏调整成可保持在陶瓷生片1的孔中这样的粘度即可,但是优选将陶瓷生片1的孔设为有底的孔。
此外,如图4所示的例子那样,散热构件12也可在俯视的情况下布线基板1的上表面侧和下表面侧的大小不同,且在上表面侧与下表面侧之间设置高低差。对于在绝缘基体11的上表面侧确保用于设置布线导体15的区域而言是有效的。
为了制作这种形状的散热构件12,形成将陶瓷生片层叠多片的层叠体,在上侧的陶瓷生片形成第一贯通孔,在下侧的陶瓷生片形成直径大于第一贯通孔的第二贯通孔,埋设成为与这些贯通孔分别匹配的大小的散热构件12的金属片或者金属膏,对上侧和下侧的陶瓷生片进行层叠并加压,由此能够形成。
表面金属层13作为主成分而包含钼(Mo),且具有包含Cu的表面部。表面部具有在俯视的情况下Cu按照散布于以Mo为主成分的表面的方式露出这样的构造。
如图2(b)所示的例子那样,表面金属层13所含的Cu的一部分与散热构件所含的Cu相接合。此外,按照散布于以Mo为主成分的表面的方式而露出的Cu的一部分与散热构件12所含的Cu相接合。即,散热构件12所含的Cu和表面金属层13的表面部所含的Cu相连。
表面金属层13由Mo的金属粉末金属化、或者Mo以及Cu的金属粉末金属化构成,第二表面金属层14由W以及Cu的金属粉末金属化构成。金属粉末可以是混合、合金的任意形态。
这样的表面金属层13如以下那样制作。通过丝网印刷法等将金属膏印刷成规定形状以覆盖被埋设在绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片中的散热构件12用的金属片或者金属膏,由此能够形成使用了Mo的金属粉末、或者Mo以及Cu的金属粉末的、表面金属层13用的金属化图案。同样地,在绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片的规定的位置,通过丝网印刷法等印刷第二表面金属层14用的金属化图案。另外,第二表面金属层14用的金属化图案被设置在设有表面金属层13的区域的周围的上表面或者下表面。然后,与绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片同时被烧成。另外,能以与上述的散热构件12用的金属膏相同的方法来制作表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14用的金属化图案。
成为表面金属层13的金属化图案与散热构件12用的金属材料(金属片或者金属膏)相接。表面金属层13用的金属膏,作为主成分而包含Mo的金属粉末、或者Mo以及Cu的金属粉末,且例如以比散热构件12用的金属膏多的比例来包含有机粘结剂或者有机溶剂。通过使用这样的表面金属层13用的金属膏,从而在烧成表面金属层13和散热构件12之际,成为表面金属层13的金属化图案将处于空隙率高于成为散热构件12的金属化图案的状态。由此一来,例如在烧成氧化铝质烧结体的绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片时,因在比Cu的熔点高的温度(约1300℃~1400℃)进行烧成,因此成为包含Cu以及W的散热构件12的金属片或者金属膏中所包含的Cu熔化,通过表面金属层13的Mo的金属粒子间而扩散至表面金属层13的表面。这样一来,表面金属层13的表面成为包含Mo且含有Cu的表面。即,表面金属层13成为作为主成分而包含Mo、且具有包含Cu的表面的金属化层。
此外,如图1~图3所示的例子那样,在散热构件12贯通了绝缘基体11的情况下,表面金属层13被配置成为分别覆盖散热构件12在绝缘基体11的上表面所露出的部分、和散热构件12在绝缘基体11的下表面所露出的部分。在这样的情况下,能够将电子部件2的热从布线基板1的上表面侧散热到下表面侧。
此外,如图4以及图5所示的例子那样,当散热构件12仅在绝缘基体11的上表面露出的情况下,表面金属层13被配置成覆盖散热构件12在绝缘基体11的上表面所露出的部分。在这样的情况下,在布线基板1的下表面,因为将第二表面金属层14设置在较宽的区域,所以能提高与外部电路基板的接合强度。另外,如图4所示的例子那样,若将第二表面金属层14设置成在俯视的情况下与散热构件12重叠,则能提高布线基板1的散热性。
另外,在表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14用的金属膏中,也可与散热构件12用的金属膏同样地添加陶瓷的粉末。例如在绝缘基体11由氧化铝质烧结体构成的情况下,优选使表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14含有氧化铝质烧结体。
此外,在这样的表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14所露出的表面,如图3所示的例子那样,通过无电解电镀法粘附镍、金等的镀层16。镀层16包含被粘附在表面金属层13所露出的表面上的第一镀层161、和被粘附在第二表面金属层14所露出的表面上的第二镀层162。镀层16能够以在表面金属层13或者第二表面金属层14的表面所露出的Cu为起点来进行粘附。
即,在以Mo为主成分的表面金属层13的表面,以散布于表面部的Cu为起点,在以CuW为主成分的第二表面金属层14的表面,以第二表面金属层的Cu为起点,而在表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14上均将镀层16粘附成足够的厚度。
这样一来,若在表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14所露出的表面上粘附有镍、金等的耐腐蚀性优异的镀层16,则能降低表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14发生腐蚀。此外,能够使电子部件2紧固地接合于表面金属层13,能够使接合引线或者外部电路基板紧固地接合于第二表面金属层14。在表面金属层13以及第二表面金属层14所露出的表面,例如依次粘附厚度为1~10μm程度的镍镀层和厚度为0.1~3μm程度的金镀层。
布线导体15设置在绝缘基体11的内部,且用于电连接搭载在布线基板1的电子部件2和外部电路基板。
布线导体15例如包含与上述的散热构件12相同的金属材料。布线导体15包含:布线导体,其配置在绝缘基体11的绝缘层间;和贯通导体,其贯通绝缘层来电连接位于上下方的布线导体彼此之间、或者第二表面金属层14和布线导体。
通过丝网印刷法等的印刷手段将布线导体15用的金属化膏印刷涂敷在绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片上,与绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片一起烧成,由此形成配置在绝缘层间的布线导体。此外,通过基于金属模或冲压的冲孔加工或者激光加工等的加工方法在绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片上形成贯通导体用的贯通孔,通过上述印刷手段将贯通导体用的金属化膏填充到该贯通孔内,与绝缘基体11用的陶瓷生片一起烧成,由此形成贯通导体。
只要以与上述的散热构件12用的金属膏相同的方法来制作布线导体15用的金属化膏即可。贯通导体用的金属化膏通过改变有机粘结剂或有机溶剂的种类或添加量,从而被调整成为比配置在绝缘层间的布线导体用的金属化膏高的粘度以便适于填充。
在布线基板1的上表面,在俯视的情况下与散热构件12重叠地接合并搭载电子部件2。电子部件2例如为发光元件,通过由金(Au)-硅(Si)合金构成的焊料、或包含银(Ag)的环氧树脂等的导电性接合材料而接合到布线基板1的上表面的表面金属层13上。此外,电子部件2的电极和第二表面金属层14例如经由以Au为主成分的接合引线等的连接构件3进行电连接。
在作为电子部件2而安装发光元件的情况下,如图4以及图5所示的例子那样,绝缘基体11也可具有腔室4,并在腔室4的内壁面设置用于使发光元件发出的光反射的反射层5。反射层5例如在腔室4的内壁面依次粘附金属化层和镀层16、或者粘附树脂膜或金属膜而形成。另外,在反射层5所露出的表面粘附镍、金或者银等的金属。
本实施方式的布线基板1具有:绝缘基体11;散热构件12,其从绝缘基体11部分性露出地设置在绝缘基体11内,且包含Cu;表面金属层13,其与散热构件12相接并覆盖散热构件12地设置在绝缘基体11的表面,且作为主成分而包含Mo,且具有包含Cu的表面部;和镀层16,其设置在表面金属层13上,其中散热构件12所含的Cu和表面金属层13的表面部所含的Cu相连。由于是这样的构造,因此以表面金属层13的表面部所含的Cu为起点,将镀层16粘附在表面金属层13上。此外,由于散热构件12所含的Cu和表面部所含的Cu相连,因此能够降低与镀层16相接合的Cu和镀层16一起从表面部剥落。因此,能够降低镀层16从表面金属层13剥落。此外,因为表面金属层13的表面部所含的Cu与散热构件12的Cu相连,所以能够提高将电子部件2所产生的热向散热构件12的热传导量。
此外,由于本实施方式的电子装置具有上述构成的布线基板1和搭载在布线基板1的电子部件2,因此能够增加从电子装置向外部电路基板的热传导量,从而提高电子装置的散热性。
(第二实施方式)
其次,关于本发明的第二实施方式的电子装置,参照图6进行说明。
在本发明的第二实施方式的电子装置之中,与上述的第一实施方式的电子装置不同之处在于,在表面金属层13的表面,在俯视的情况下表面金属层13的与散热构件12重叠的第一区域13a的Cu的含有率大于第一区域13a的周围的第二区域13b的Cu的含有率。
由于在表面金属层13的表面,第一区域13a的Cu的含有率大于第二区域13b的Cu的含有率,因此与第一区域13a的表面相比,第二区域13b的表面的镀层16的厚度变薄,所以在通过焊料将电子部件2接合到表面金属层13之际,第二区域13b中的焊料的厚度变薄。在包含易成为表面金属层13剥落起点的外周的第二区域13b,因为能够降低从焊料向表面金属层13施加的应力,所以能够降低表面金属层13从绝缘基体11剥落。
作为第一区域13a的表面以及第二区域13b的表面的Cu的含有率的测定方法,例如举出通过俄歇(Auger)电子能谱法来测定表面金属层13的表面的Cu的分布状态的方法。
(第三实施方式)
其次,对本发明的第三实施方式的电子装置进行说明。
在本发明的第三实施方式中的电子装置之中,与上述的第一实施方式的电子装置不同之处在于,在表面金属层13的内部,在平面透视的情况下表面金属层13的与散热构件12重叠的第一区域13a的Cu的含有率大于第一区域13a的周围的第二区域13b的Cu的含有率。
由于在表面金属层13的内部,第一区域13a的Cu的含有率大于第二区域13b的Cu的含有率,因此第一区域13a的热传导率变得高于第二区域13b的热传导率,所以因在电子部件2所产生的热,能够提高温度易变得比周围高的第一区域13a中的散热性。因此,能够降低第一区域13a与第二区域13b之间的温度差,所以能够降低因第一区域13a与第二区域13b之间的温度不同而在表面金属层13产生的热应力。此外,通过使中央部的散热性变高,从而能够降低传导到表面金属层的外周部的热量。
作为第一区域13a以及第二区域13b中的Cu的含有率的测定方法,例如举出:对表面金属层13a进行研磨而使得能测定内部之后,反复通过俄歇电子能谱法进行测定的方法,或通过二次离子质量分析法来测定表面金属层13的内部的Cu的分布状态的方法。
另外,本发明并不限于上述实施方式的例子,可以进行各种变更。例如,可以是在绝缘基体11的侧面设置沟槽,且在沟槽设置第二表面金属层14的城堡状导体。
此外,与外部电路基板接合的第二表面金属层14也可设置在绝缘基体11的上表面侧。
此外,也可使诸如由CuW、铝(Al)等构成的、散热性优异的金属体接合到布线基板1的下表面。在这样的情况下,金属体能够使用与散热构件12同样的材料。为了接近与散热构件12的热膨胀量,金属体的材料优选使用CuW。
此外,如图7以及图8所示的例子那样,也可以是在布线基板1搭载有多个电子部件2的构造。另外,图8将镀层16省略来表示。在这样的情况下,既可以在一个表面金属层13上搭载多个电子部件2,也可以在绝缘基体11上设置多个表面金属层13并在各表面金属层13搭载一个电子部件2。在设有多个表面金属层13的情况下,若多个表面金属层13分别与散热构件12相接地配置,则能提高电子部件2的散热性。
符号说明
1····布线基板
11····绝缘基体
12····散热构件
13····表面金属层
13a···第一区域
13b···第二区域
14····第二表面金属层
15····布线导体
16····镀层
161····第一镀层
162····第二镀层
2····电子部件
3····连接构件
4····腔室
5····反射层
Cu···铜

Claims (3)

1.一种布线基板,其特征在于,具备:
绝缘基体;
散热构件,其从该绝缘基体部分性露出地设置在所述绝缘基体内,且包含Cu;
表面金属层,其与该散热构件相接并覆盖所述散热构件地设置在所述绝缘基体的表面,且作为主成分而包含Mo,且具有包含Cu的表面部;和
镀层,其设置在该表面金属层上,
所述散热构件所含的Cu和所述表面部所含的Cu相连,
在所述表面金属层的表面,在俯视的情况下所述表面金属层的与所述散热构件重叠的第一区域的Cu的含有率大于所述第一区域的周围的第二区域的Cu的含有率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的布线基板,其特征在于,
在所述表面金属层的内部,在平面透视的情况下所述表面金属层的与所述散热构件重叠的第一区域的Cu的含有率大于所述第一区域的周围的第二区域的Cu的含有率。
3.一种电子装置,其特征在于,具备:
权利要求1所述的布线基板;和
电子部件,其搭载于所述布线基板。
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