CN103688152B - 用于固定和保存生物样品的固定溶液 - Google Patents
用于固定和保存生物样品的固定溶液 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及适用于固定生物材料的固定溶液,所述生物材料例如人或动物的生物组织、细胞、器官和分泌物以及细菌、病毒、酵母、寄生虫和生物技术产品例如防腐物质。本发明的创新点在于该固定溶液特性不是欧洲标准所规定的危害产品,其含有低浓度的醛或重金属,产生不视为危害的产品。即便如此,生物样品可用该溶液得到最佳保存和固定。
Description
本发明涉及用于固定生物材料的固定溶液,所述生物材料例如人或动物的生物组织、细胞、器官和分泌物以及细菌、病毒、酵母、寄生虫和生物技术产品例如防腐物质。本发明的创新点在于该固定溶液特性不是欧洲标准所规定的危害产品。其含有低浓度的醛或重金属,产生不被视为危害的产品。即便如此,生物样品可用该溶液得到最佳地保存和固定。
本溶液另一优点在于,样品和新型固定溶液之间不会发生所述强反应。由此,样品保持完整并固定直至进一步处理,样品中的蛋白和其它成分不会被该溶液较强地改变,从而使在传统固定溶液会被破坏的生化因素能被检测到。
甲醛、铬酸、锇酸和其它可附加成分通常对蛋白产生不可逆的变性,这对样品的蛋白组成具有决定性影响。
在酶、蛋白和免疫以及其它蛋白特异性检测的生化测定中,无法使用这些常规固定物。
直至今日,甲醛(福尔马林)是最常用的固定物,即使对于较长时间的保存也具有极佳的固定特性。
醛特别是甲醛,被视为高毒性物质。
其被归类于正当的潜在致癌化学物并会引起变态反应以及表皮、呼吸道和眼部刺激。一旦发生高剂量接触,甚至会有死亡的风险。它还具有特殊的刺激性和不良气味。
出于环境保护和工作安全,福尔马林的使用受到法律限制。
现有技术
不含甲醛的固定溶液可从以下专利获知:EP1455174Bl、US6531317B2、WO03/029783Al、DE69917779T2、US5422277A、US2005/0084924Al、DE2630823Al。
存在多种产生不含甲醛的固定溶液的观点,例如DE3822183Al中所记载的观点,其中建议用丹宁酸(Tannic Acid)作为溶液主要成分。为获得较快的固定,专利DE3824936Al建议在丹宁酸和溶于水中的双醇的辅助下采用热水反应。专利DE4404544Al反对全化学的固定方法,例如福尔马林,建议经热水浴通过热反应使样品发生蛋白质变性。但该方法具有以下缺点:固定的材料结构可能发生了形态学变化。例如蛋白质会凝结。出于该原因,该方法不适于所有类型的材料。
其他固定溶液在文献中已知。除少数例外情况,这些固定溶液中几乎所有都含有危害物质并对生物和环境产生巨大的潜在危害。
最为熟知的固定溶液包括:
绍丁固定液(Schaudinn's Fixative)(其含有汞盐),SAF(其含有甲醛),MIF(其含有甲醛和汞盐),锇酸(其为致癌的、毒性的、腐蚀性的),铬酸(致癌的、毒性的、腐蚀性的),FA(甲醛和醇)和文献中提到的其它固定溶液。
总之,固定溶液必需将生物材料例如生物组织、细胞、细胞簇、病毒、细菌、寄生虫、酵母、排泄物和其它物质在样品采集后相对长期地维持在稳定状态。样品在采集后即刻的原始状态应在实验室中进一步检测(例如,显微镜检测)因此能发现样品在采集时的形态学状态。重要的是,必需保持样品的形态学结构。不应进行化学、物理或微生物处理或细菌增殖、酵母或发酵或分解处理或其它降解处理,这些处理可能对样品产生不利影响。
简而言之,固定溶液应将任何类型的生物材料保持在稳定状态以适用于制备或分析目的。
上述最新技术中的观点偏向于完全避免使用福尔马林,而用非毒性物质或低害物质来取而代之,虽然其显示与福尔马林固定液尽可能多的相同特性。
固定基于不同的化学机制,其中一些还未完全阐明。一种主要的机制是所谓的“交叉(Crossing Over)”。在该过程中,固定剂内的分子有化学键,所述化学键就样品中蛋白分子的相应位点而言可以是共价类型、范德华力相互作用或甚至离子型。可以同时具有不同类型的键合。随着生物材料中化学键合的上升,生物结构的机械稳定性也会随之提高,同时破坏样品中的微生物。
迄今为止,固定溶液被设计成使这些过程最大化。由此,溶液中总是存在过量的固定物质,它们并非总是必需或甚至方便的。(如果工作场所存在过量的毒性物质,会出现与样品的过量反应。)
发明目的
本发明的目的是产生无危害并具有温和形式福尔马林性质的固定溶液。含有其它固定物质的组合物应该可以受到理想固定处理的调节。
本发明通过项目1所列专利权利要求的特征来解决。可从提交的子权利要求得到其它发展或有利呈现。
发明详述
本发明包括提供固定溶液,所述固定溶液:
-根据有效规则(该情况中为欧共体的规则)该溶液对于使用者和环境无危害性或只有很低的危害性。(在任何情况下都低于传统固定溶液的危害性)。
-不呈现其它形式的危害(可燃的、爆炸性的、腐蚀性的、环境中累积的、或高挥发性的)。
以温和方式与样品和样品蛋白反应,不会对样品形态学结构造成压力(“可收缩的”)并且保持完整具有相比传统溶液更多的生物和生化参数。
-不会显著干扰样品在固定后的必需处理(例如不需要的反应,防止染色或其它反应)。
选择两种基本物质来产生所需效果:
-卤代氰基乙酰胺(Halogen cyano-acetamide)
-2,2-二溴-2-氰基乙酰胺或2,2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺或缩写为DBNPA
为了简化起见,我们将所述物质称为DBNPA。
选择这些物质是由于以下原因:
卤代氰基乙酰胺和DBNPA有很强的杀生物特性并能完全破坏样品中的生物和微生物活性。
由于这些物质的分子结构,卤原子产生了固定剂分子和样品蛋白分子间发生范德华相互作用所需的分子极性,从而能出现交叉作用,因此确保了结构稳定性并由此被固定。由于该物质的高生物杀伤特性,可使用最小浓度以避免不必要的过量。样品生物活性的快速终止避免了样品的微生物变性。
在酸性pH或中性点左右发生溶液的最佳反应,但这取决于其他溶液成分和所需结果,可以要求将pH调至3~9的范围内。
本发明所述固定溶液可以即用液体形式制备。然而,也可以浓缩形式存在,在添加合适溶剂(最简单的情况是添加水)后提供完整溶液(turnkey solution)。其(浓缩物)可以是浓缩溶液、粉末混合物、可溶凝胶、片剂、可溶胶囊、含有该溶液的用于覆盖容器的可溶漆或其它类似形式。
通过此运输,可降低储存和包装成本,还有经济秩序和物流方面的其它优势,因为使用者可在最终目的地加入溶剂(最常用的是水)。
一个具体示例是使用2wt%DBNPA以及其它物质作为额外的酸将pH调至弱酸的溶液。可使用有机或无机酸,例如柠檬酸。随后加入保湿剂,例如乙二醇、丙三醇、丙二醇、山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇等等,其还可作为样品的液相调节剂以促进其散布。可添加的其它成分为离子或阴离子表面活性剂,或其混合物,从而降低溶液的表面张力,改进分散特性。这些物质中我们列出以下示例:乙氧基聚乙二醇、乙氧基山梨酸酯(市售的吐温)、十二烷基硫酸钠、苯磺酸钠和其它烷基硫酸盐和磺酸盐,以及TRITON、ETHOMEEN系列中的市售产品和其它的类似物质。脂肪醇(N>8)例如一元醇或多元醇、线性或支链脂肪醇可用作所用表面活性剂的处理助剂或调节剂。
可出于市场考虑改进该溶液,向其加入不与其它成分抵触的调味剂和着色剂。
出于等张调节的目的,可加入碱金属或碱土金属的盐,例如锂、钠、钾、镁、钙、锶的氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙酸盐,或其它物质。
在某些应用中出于调节pH的目的,可能需要使用缓冲液,例如柠檬酸盐缓冲液、乙酸盐或文献中其它已知物质。
溶液稳定性添加剂:
文献中已知卤代氰基乙酰胺,特别是DBPNA在溶液中发生碱水解。就该溶液而言为保证长期操作,应向溶液中加入少量的特定抗氧化剂以避免早期变质。因此经处理的溶液可保持约2年时间的活性。放置时不会影响该溶液的降解性,维持其生态特性。
从下图可看出,DBPNA的最终分解产物不会在环境中累积:
在溶液中使用染料墨水可延迟光解作用,推荐在避光和凉爽处储存。
使用市售抗氧化剂可显著降低水解,所述氧化剂例如4,4–二(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)或2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚等,可根据市售使用。
必须强调甲醛是DBPNA的一个分解产物,却由于抗氧化剂的稳定而被抑制。对于使用者,需要将生物样品固定用于按规定只需几周的处理时,该溶液不会呈现可能影响温和固定的甲醛水平。
因而稳定的造纸和纺织工业所用市售DBPNA杀生物溶液显示DBPNA在20个月内的降解低于10%,这确保了组分的最佳作用。
简单配制示例:
从寄生虫角度用人和动物排泄物样品测试并评价该溶液;主要检测寄生虫卵。还固定来自牛肉的组织学样品,其显示极佳的固定和保存质量。在30天的观察期内,没有观察到任何所分析样品发生变化。在随后的评估中发现人排泄物样品受到原生动物污染。本文后附了评价报告。排泄物中的原生动物极易降解并且能在几小时内退化。测试中证实保存和固定可超过7天。相比标准甲醛溶液,保存质量即使不是更好也能做到等同。
可溶片剂简单配制示例:
该物质的40g片剂中含有用于产生1升2%即用溶液的20g DBPNA。
含2%DBPNA的溶液应该仅携带危险类别码(risk phrase)43,说明通过皮肤接触有致敏风险。浓度低于1%的溶液不需要标识危害产物。
它不具有可燃性、腐蚀性,不会产生有毒或危险放出物,它不会致畸形或致癌,不会损害环境,也不需要用于工作安全的特殊预防措施,给使用者带来工作保障上的巨大改进以及使用该溶液的实验室在环境管理处理方面的显著简化。
需要说明的是,除水之外,也可使用其它溶剂,这取决于所需的应用。随着诊断技术的提高,也论述了醇和其它溶剂例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、酮、酯、醚、甘油和其它有机物。所述固定剂可通过使用有机溶剂和有机溶剂混合物或含水的有机溶剂混合物获得。
Claims (14)
1.一种含有2,2-二溴-2-氰基乙酰胺的组合物的用途,其特征在于,用于固定生物样品用途。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物包含溶剂,所述溶剂选自水或有机溶剂或其混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含pH调节剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含一种pH调节剂,所述pH调节剂选自下组:乙酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、甲酸或相应的缓冲液系统。
5.如权利要求3所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含将pH值调节至pH3.0~pH6.0的pH调节剂。
6.如权利要求1、2、3、和4任一所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含
-湿润剂
-表面活性剂
-碱金属或碱土金属盐,和
-抗氧化剂
-香味剂
-染料。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述湿润剂选自下组湿润剂:
-乙二醇
-丙二醇
-甘油
-赤藓糖醇
-山梨糖醇及其混合物。
8.如权利要求6所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自下组:
-非离子表面活性剂:吐温80
-离子表面活性剂:十二烷基硫酸钠。
9.如权利要求6所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述碱金属或碱土金属盐选自下组:
锂、钠、钾、镁、钙、锶的柠檬酸盐、乙酸盐、氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐及其混合物。
10.如权利要求6所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂选自下组:
-4,4-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)或
-2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚。
11.如权利要求1所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物由水溶液组成,所述水溶液包含具有以下浓度范围的下列组分:
-0.05%~5%2,2二溴-2-氰基乙酰胺、柠檬酸、1%~30%丙二醇、0.01%~5%吐温80、0.001%~0.1%芳香油、0.001%~0.1%食用染料、0.05%~0.1%抗氧化剂4.4-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、0.01%~10%氯化钠。
12.如权利要求11所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物由水溶液组成,所述水溶液包含以下组分:
-1%2,2二溴-2-氰基乙酰胺、0.5%柠檬酸、12%丙二醇、0.1%吐温80、0.05%芳香油、0.05%抗氧化剂4.4-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、0.01%食用染料、0.1%氯化钠。
13.如权利要求1所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物是粉末、片剂、胶囊、凝胶或漆形式。
14.如权利要求1所述的组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物是浓缩形式。
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US7772156B2 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-08-10 | Buckman Laboratories International, Inc. | Microbicidal compositions including a cyanodithiocarbimate and a second microbicide, and methods of using the same |
EP2216372B1 (de) * | 2009-01-29 | 2014-06-04 | THOR GmbH | Verbindungen als Geruchsverhinderer |
PT2705345E (pt) | 2011-05-02 | 2015-06-17 | Lapenna José Carlos | Utilização de halogeno-cianoacetamidas para fixação e preservação de amostras biológicas |
-
2011
- 2011-05-02 PT PT117646133T patent/PT2705345E/pt unknown
- 2011-05-02 CA CA2834817A patent/CA2834817C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-02 CN CN201180071839.9A patent/CN103688152B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-02 EP EP11764613.3A patent/EP2705345B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-05-02 ES ES11764613.3T patent/ES2537173T3/es active Active
- 2011-05-02 US US14/115,141 patent/US9677978B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-02 JP JP2014508879A patent/JP6177764B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-02 BR BR112013028298-3A patent/BR112013028298B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-05-02 WO PCT/IB2011/051937 patent/WO2012150479A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-02 MX MX2013012647A patent/MX361688B/es active IP Right Grant
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CN1208561A (zh) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-02-24 | 罗姆和哈斯公司 | 固体杀生物组合物 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2705345B1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
CA2834817A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
ES2537173T3 (es) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2705345A1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
MX2013012647A (es) | 2015-11-16 |
CA2834817C (en) | 2019-01-15 |
JP6177764B2 (ja) | 2017-08-09 |
PT2705345E (pt) | 2015-06-17 |
WO2012150479A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
JP2014517273A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
BR112013028298B1 (pt) | 2020-11-17 |
CN103688152A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
MX361688B (es) | 2018-12-13 |
US9677978B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
US20140162246A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
BR112013028298A2 (pt) | 2018-10-09 |
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