CN103458809A - 具有可锁定的关节运动式端部执行器的外科器械 - Google Patents

具有可锁定的关节运动式端部执行器的外科器械 Download PDF

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CN103458809A
CN103458809A CN2012800127919A CN201280012791A CN103458809A CN 103458809 A CN103458809 A CN 103458809A CN 2012800127919 A CN2012800127919 A CN 2012800127919A CN 201280012791 A CN201280012791 A CN 201280012791A CN 103458809 A CN103458809 A CN 103458809A
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joint motions
end effector
locking
nozzle
moving link
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CN103458809B (zh
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J·C·舒克曼
J·S·斯韦兹
C·J·沙伊布
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • A61B2017/291Handles the position of the handle being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • A61B2017/2929Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • A61B2017/2929Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft
    • A61B2017/293Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft with means preventing relative rotation between the shaft and the actuating rod

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了具有附接到细长轴的端部执行器的手持式外科器械。所述端部执行器具有能够响应于通过闭合构件向其施加的打开动作和闭合动作而运动的至少一部分。提供了关节运动控制系统以使端部执行器相对于轴进行关节运动。提供了关节运动锁定系统以将端部执行器锁定在期望的关节运动位置。所述锁定系统与所述闭合构件结合并且在将闭合动作施加至端部执行器时被启动。

Description

具有可锁定的关节运动式端部执行器的外科器械
背景技术
技术领域
本发明涉及外科器械,并且在各种实施例中涉及具有关节运动式端部执行器的微创外科器械。
背景技术
内窥镜式外科器械和其他微创外科器械通常包括端部执行器和柄部,所述端部执行器被定位在细长轴的远端处,所述柄部被定位在细长轴的近端处以允许临床医生操纵端部执行器。在使用期间,通过套管针的插管来将端部执行器提供到手术部位。在手术部位处,端部执行器以多种方式接合组织以实现诊断或治疗效果。内窥镜式外科器械通常优于传统的开放式外科器械,因为它们需要较小的切口,所述较小的切口与传统的开放式手术切口相比通常利用较短的术后恢复时间就能愈合。由于内窥镜式外科手术的这种和其他有益效果,在内窥镜式外科器械的范围内已得到了显著的发展,所述内窥镜式外科器械具有接合组织以完成多种手术任务的端部执行器。例如,已经开发出端部执行器以充当直线切割器、抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹钳、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置、超声、射频、或激光能量装置、以及其他外科器械。
在使用期间,可通过套管针插管来约束端部执行器在手术部位处的定位。一般来讲,装置的细长轴使得临床医生能够将端部执行器插入期望的深度并且使端部执行器围绕该轴的纵向轴线旋转。这允许将端部执行器在一定程度上定位在手术部位处。当谨慎地放置套管针并且例如通过另一个套管针来使用抓紧器时,这种定位程度通常为足够的。然而,根据手术的性质,可能期望调节内窥镜式外科器械的端部执行器的定位。具体地讲,通常期望将端部执行器相对于器械的细长轴的纵向轴线取向为多个角度中的任一个。
端部执行器相对于器械的轴沿多个角度的运动传统上称为“关节运动”。关节运动通常是通过放置在端部执行器稍近侧的细长轴中的枢转(或关节运动)接头来实现的。这允许临床医生远程地将端部执行器关节运动到任一侧以实现组织紧固件的较好外科放置以及较容易的组织操纵和取向。关节运动式端部执行器允许临床医生在一些情况下(例如,在器官后面)较容易地接合组织。另外,关节运动式定位有利地允许内窥镜定位在端部执行器的后面而不会被细长轴阻挡。
关节运动式端部执行器的处理方法往往是复杂的,因为用于控制关节运动的机构必须与用于操作端部执行器的机构形成整体。例如,对于具有打开钳口结构和可闭合的钳口结构的端部执行器而言,闭合套管、驱动构件、以及用于关节运动的机构必须在器械的轴的小直径约束条件内来实施。一种通用的现有设计涉及手风琴状关节运动机构(“挠曲颈”),所述手风琴状关节运动机构通过利用工具轴选择性地向后拉动两个连接杆中的一个而进行关节运动,其中每个杆分别偏置在轴中心线的相对侧上。连接杆通过一系列分立位置来设置棘齿。
多年来,已开发出其他形式的关节运动式端部执行器构造。例如,名称为“Surgical Instrument Having an Articulating End Effector”美国专利7,670,334和名称为“Surgical Stapling Apparatus With Control FeaturesOperable With One Hand”的美国专利7,819,298(这两个专利的公开内容均全文以引用方式并入本文中)公开了采用关节运动式端部执行器构造的多种外科器械,所述关节运动式端部执行器构造有效地利用关节运动式执行器来解决现有器械的多个缺点。
多种现有外科器械装置还采用可旋转地支撑在器械柄部上并且附接到细长轴的常称为“喷嘴”的组件。当临床医生期望使端部执行器围绕轴的轴线旋转时,其仅相对于柄部来旋转喷嘴。当临床医生还期望端部执行器进行关节运动时,临床医生必须致动滑动条或其他形式的关节运动控制构件以完成期望的关节运动。此类控制装置(例如,喷嘴和关节运动条/控制构造)通常必须利用两只手来致动。
在执行多种外科手术的过程中,期望仅使用一只手来实现端部执行器关节运动和旋转的期望量。例如,多种血管外科手术需要对端部执行器的精确控制。在这些应用中,期望能够具有采用单个控制机构的外科器械,所述单个控制机构用于使端部执行器进行关节运动和旋转并且可易于利用支撑器械的柄部的同一只手来致动。
上述讨论仅仅为了举例说明本技术领域内目前存在的一些不足之处,而不应看作是对权利要求范围的否定。
发明内容
根据至少一种形式的大体方面,提供了具有限定纵向轴线的细长轴的外科器械。端部执行器联接到细长轴以用于相对于其选择性地枢转行进。端部执行器具有响应于打开动作和闭合动作的至少一个活动部分。闭合构件与端部执行器的活动部分结合以向其选择性地施加闭合动作。关节运动控制系统与端部执行器可操作地结合以向其施加关节运动动作。关节运动锁定系统与关节运动控制系统和所述闭合构件结合。关节运动锁定系统能够从解锁位置运动到锁定位置;在解锁位置中,关节运动控制系统将关节运动动作施加至端部执行器;在锁定位置中,在通过闭合构件施加闭合动作时,关节运动锁定系统防止关节运动控制系统将关节运动动作施加至端部执行器。
根据至少一种形式的其他大体方面,提供了具有限定纵向轴线的细长轴的外科器械。端部执行器联接到细长轴以用于相对于其选择性地枢转行进到各种关节运动位置。端部执行器具有可响应于打开动作和闭合动作而运动的至少一个部分。闭合构件与端部执行器的活动部分结合,以当闭合构件沿闭合方向运动时将闭合动作施加至端部执行器的活动部分。闭合构件还当闭合构件沿打开方向运动时将打开动作施加至端部执行器的活动部分。第一细长关节运动构件相对于闭合构件被可动地支撑,并且能够当第一细长关节运动构件沿第一致动方向运动时将第一关节运动动作施加至端部执行器,以及当第一关节运动构件沿第二致动方向运动时将第二关节运动动作施加至端部执行器。锁定构件与闭合构件和第一细长关节运动构件可操作地结合,使得当闭合构件沿闭合方向运动时锁定构件锁定地接合第一细长关节运动构件以防止其沿第一致动方向和第二致动方向运动,并且当闭合构件沿打开方向运动时锁定构件放开第一关节运动构件以允许第一关节运动构件沿第一致动方向和第二致动方向运动。
根据至少一种形式的其他大体方面,提供了操作外科器械的方法。在各种形式中,所述方法包括提供具有端部执行器的外科器械,所述端部执行器具有可响应于向其施加的打开动作和闭合动作而运动的至少一部分。端部执行器还能够响应于向其施加的关节运动动作而围绕纵向轴线关节运动到多个关节运动位置。所述方法还包括将关节运动动作施加至端部执行器以使端部执行器关节运动到一个关节运动位置以及将闭合动作施加至端部执行器,使得在施加闭合动作时,端部执行器被保持在关节运动位置中。
附图说明
通过参考结合附图的本发明的实施例的以下说明,本发明的上述和其他特征及优点及其获取方法将变得更加明显,并可更好地理解本发明本身,其中:
图1为本发明的一种形式的具有非限制性关节运动式端部执行器实施例的外科器械的透视图;
图2为本发明的至少一种形式的非限制性端部执行器实施例的分解组装图;
图3为本发明的至少一种形式的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的组装图;
图4为图3的非限制性关节运动控制系统的透视图;
图5为图3和图4的非限制性关节运动控制系统的一部分的透视图;
图6为图3-5的非限制性关节运动控制系统的透视图,其中该系统的一部分以横截面的形式示出;
图7为图3-6的非限制性关节运动控制系统的剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第一关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图8为图3-7的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个剖视平面图,其中端部执行器处于非关节运动取向;
图9为图3-8的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第二关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图10为本发明的至少一种其他形式的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的透视图;
图11为图10的非限制性关节运动控制系统的透视图,其中为清楚起见已省去了旋转喷嘴;
图12为图10和图11的非限制性关节运动控制系统的透视图,其中该系统的一些组件以横截面的形式示出;
图13为图10-12的非限制性关节运动控制系统的分解组装图;
图14为图10-13的非限制性关节运动控制系统的剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第一关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图15为图10-14的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个剖视平面图,其中端部执行器处于非关节运动取向;
图16为图10-15的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第二关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图17为本发明的至少一种其他形式的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的透视图;
图18为图17的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个透视图,其中该系统的一些组件以横截面的形式示出;
图19为图17和图18的非限制性关节运动控制系统的分解组装图,其中该系统的一些组件以横截面的形式示出;
图20为图17-19的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个分解组装图,其中该系统的一些组件以横截面的形式示出;
图21为图17-20的非限制性关节运动控制系统的透视图,其中该系统的右喷嘴部分沿第一致动方向运动;
图22为图17-21的非限制性关节运动控制系统的剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第一关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图23为图17-22的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第二关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图24为本发明的另一种形式的非限制性喷嘴组件实施例的透视图;
图25为沿图24中的线25-25截取的图24所示喷嘴组件的剖视图;
图26为本发明的至少一种其他形式的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的透视图;
图27为图26的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的一部分的透视图;
图28为图27的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的一部分的另一个透视图,其中该部分以横截面的形式示出;
图29为图26-28的非限制性关节运动控制系统的分解组装图;
图30为图26-29的非限制性关节运动控制系统的一部分的侧正视图;
图31为图26-30的非限制性关节运动控制系统的剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第一关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图32为图26-31的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个剖视平面图,其中端部执行器处于非关节运动取向;
图33为图26-32的非限制性关节运动控制系统的另一个剖视平面图,其中端部执行器沿第二关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图34为本发明的至少一种其他形式的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的透视图;
图35为图34的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的一部分的透视图;
图36为图34和图35的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的后部透视图;
图37为图34-36的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的剖视透视图;
图38为图34-37的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的分解组装图;
图39为图34-38的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的剖视图;
图40为图34-39的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的另一个剖视图,其中端部执行器沿第一关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图41为图34-40的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的另一个剖视图;
图42为图34-41的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的剖视图,其中端部执行器沿第二关节运动方向进行关节运动;
图43为本发明的另一个非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的透视图;
图44为图43的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的分解组装图;
图45为图43和图44的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的另一个分解组装图;
图46为图43-45的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的另一个分解组装图;
图47为处于解锁位置的图43-46的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的剖视图;
图48为处于解锁位置的图43-47的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的一部分的放大剖视图;
图49为处于锁定位置的图43-48的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的剖视图;并且
图50为处于锁定位置的图43-49的非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例的一部分的放大剖视图。
具体实施方式
本专利申请的申请人还拥有名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTSWITH ARTICULATABLE AND ROTATABLE END EFFECTOR”的美国专利申请序列号_____(代理人案卷号END6846USNP/100531),该专利申请与本文同一天提交并且全文以引用方式并入本文中。
现在将描述某些示例性实施例,从而得到对本文所公开的器械和方法的结构、功能、制造和使用原理的全面理解。这些实施例中的一个或多个实例示出于附图中。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,本文特别描述和在附图中示出的装置和方法为非限制性的示例性实施例,并且本发明各种实施例的范围仅由权利要求书限定。本说明书通篇引用的“各种实施例”、“一些实施例”、“一个实施例”或“实施例”等,是指结合所述实施例描述的具体特征、结构或特性包括在至少一个实施例中。因此,本说明书中通篇出现的短语“在各种实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在一个实施例中”或“在实施例中”等并不一定均指相同的实施例。此外,在一个或多个实施例中,具体特征、结构或特性可按任何合适的方式组合。因此,在无限制的情况下,结合一个实施例示出或描述的具体特征、结构或特性可全部或部分地与一个或多个其他实施例的特征、结构或特性结合。这些修改形式和变型旨在涵盖于本文所公开的各种发明实施例及其相应等同形式的范围内。
本文所用术语“近侧”和“远侧”是相对于操纵外科器械柄部部分的临床医生而言的。术语“近侧”是指最靠近临床医生的部分,术语“远侧”是指远离临床医生的部分。还应当理解,为简洁和清楚起见,本文可结合附图使用诸如“竖直”、“水平”、“上”、“下”、“左”和“右”之类的空间术语。然而,外科器械在许多方向和位置中使用,并且这些术语并非限制性的和/或绝对的。
提供了各种示例性器械和方法以用于执行腹腔镜式和微创外科手术操作。然而,本领域中的普通技术人员将容易地理解,本文所公开的各种方法和器械可用于许多外科手术和应用中,包括例如与“开放式”外科手术相关的外科手术和应用。继续参阅本具体实施方式,本领域中的普通技术人员将进一步理解,本文所公开的各种器械可以任何方式插入体内,例如通过自然腔道、通过形成于组织中的切口或穿刺孔等。器械的工作部分或端部执行器部分可被直接插入患者体内或可通过具有工作通道的进入装置例如套管针插入,外科器械的端部执行器和细长轴可通过所述工作通道推进。
转到附图,其中在多个视图中类似的数字代表类似的组件,图1示出了能够实施本发明的至少一种形式的各种独特有益效果的外科缝合和切割器械10的一个实施例。器械10的各个部分可与公开于如下专利中的装置的部分相同:已以引用方式并入本文的美国专利7,670,334和/或名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having Separate Distinct Closing and FiringSystems”的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文的美国专利7,000,818。
如图1所示,在一种非限制性形式中,外科器械10通常包括柄部12、轴14、以及在关节运动枢轴16处可枢转地连接到轴14的关节运动式端部执行器20。提供关节运动控制器200以实现端部执行器20围绕关节运动枢轴16的旋转。所示出的端部执行器20能够充当用于夹持、切割和缝合组织的直线切割器。然而,本领域中的普通技术人员应当理解,本发明的各种实施例可包括下述端部执行器(未示出),所述端部执行器能够充当其他外科装置,包括例如抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹钳、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置、超声、射频、或激光能量装置等。
器械10的柄部12可包括用于致动端部执行器20的闭合触发器30和击发触发器40。应当理解,具有涉及不同手术任务的端部执行器的器械可具有用于操作端部执行器的不同数量或类型的触发器或其他合适的控制器。端部执行器20被示为通过限定纵向轴线A-A的细长轴14与柄部12隔离开。临床医生可利用关节运动控制器200来使端部执行器20相对于轴14围绕关节运动轴线B-B进行关节运动,所述关节运动轴线B-B基本上横向于纵向轴线A-A(关节运动枢轴16)。如本文所使用,短语“基本上横向于纵向轴线”(其中,“纵向轴线”为轴14的轴线)是指几乎垂直于纵向轴线的方向。然而,应当理解,从垂直于纵向轴线的方向偏离少许的方向也为基本上横向于纵向轴线。
图2示出了包括各种内部组件的端部执行器20和细长轴14的分解图。端部执行器框架90和轴框架100能够在关节运动枢轴50处接合,所述关节运动枢轴限定关节运动轴线B-B(图1)。轴框架100由柄部12以已知的方式来支撑。由此,轴框架100的构造将不进行详细的论述,除非对于理解本发明的各种实施例为必要的。在各种实施例中,例如,端部执行器框架90具有整体成型的或换句话讲与其附接的毂96,所述毂联接到限定孔104的轴框架100上的远侧定向的凸舌102。孔104可被定位成与包括在端部执行器框架90中的关节运动销(未示出)结合,从而允许端部执行器框架90相对于轴框架100枢转并因此允许端部执行器20相对于轴14枢转。当组装之后,各个组件可在关节运动轴线B-B处围绕关节运动枢轴50枢转,如图1所示。
如从图2进一步可见,在一种非限制性形式中,端部执行器20包括细长通道110,所述细长通道的尺寸和构造设定成在其中可拆卸地支撑钉仓120。细长通道110通过延伸到细长通道110中的相应狭槽115内的一对框架突出部93来附接到端部执行器框架90。钉仓120可包括可操作地支撑多个缝钉124的模塑仓体122,所述多个缝钉设置在位于相应的向上开口的缝钉孔128内的对应缝钉驱动器126上。在此非限制性实施例中,端部执行器20还包括联接到细长通道110的砧座130。可在细长通道110中提供一对孔112以可动地容纳砧座130上的耳轴或销132,从而允许砧座120响应于从闭合管组件140接收的打开动作和闭合动作而相对于细长通道110和钉仓120从打开位置枢转到闭合位置。这种闭合动作也可用于有效地致动其他类型的端部执行器的钳口,正如所知的那样。
如也从图2可见,闭合管组件140采用“双枢轴”闭合套管组件142。应当理解,本发明并不限于双枢轴闭合套管设计并且可包括任何合适的闭合套管构造。在各种非限制性实施例中,例如,双枢轴闭合套管组件142包括具有上部远侧凸出的凸舌146和下部远侧凸出的凸舌148的近侧闭合管段141。端部执行器闭合管部分150包括用于接合砧座130上的打开突出部134的马蹄形孔152和突出部154。众所周知,当端部执行器闭合管部分150在端部执行器框架90上朝远侧推进时,马蹄形孔将闭合动作施加至突出部134以使砧座130朝钉仓120运动。当端部执行器闭合管150沿近侧方向撤回时,突出部154接合突出部134以使砧座130远离钉仓120而运动到打开位置。闭合管部分150被示出为具有上部近侧凸出的凸舌156和下部近侧凸出的凸舌(不可见)。
端部执行器闭合管部分150通过上部双枢轴联接件160和下部双枢轴联接件170可枢转地附接到近侧闭合管段部分141。上部双枢轴联接件160包括向上凸出的远侧枢轴销162和近侧枢轴销164,所述向上凸出的远侧枢轴销和近侧枢轴销分别接合上部近侧凸出的凸舌156中的上部销孔157和上部远侧突出的凸舌146中的上部近侧销孔147。下部双枢轴联接件170包括向下突出的远侧和近侧枢轴销(未示出),所述向下突出的远侧和近侧枢轴销分别接合下部近侧凸出的凸舌中的下部销孔和下部远侧凸出的凸舌148中的下部近侧销孔149。在使用期间,闭合套管组件140例如响应于闭合触发器30的致动而朝远侧平移以闭合砧座130。
装置10还包括击发杆180,所述击发杆能够纵向地平移穿过轴14、穿过柔性的闭合和枢转框架关节运动接头50、并且穿过端部执行器框架90中的击发狭槽91而进入端部执行器20中。击发杆180可由一个固体部分构成,或者在各种实施例中,可包括层压材料(其包括例如钢板182的叠堆)。应当理解,由层压材料制成的击发杆180可降低使端部执行器20进行关节运动所需的力。击发杆180的远侧凸出端部附接到E横梁184,所述E横梁有助于当砧座130处于闭合位置时将砧座130与钉仓120间隔开。E横梁184的尖锐切刃186也可用于切断组织。
在操作期间,E横梁184致动钉仓120。通过在仓托盘192上滑动的E横梁184来朝远侧驱动楔形滑动件190,所述仓托盘将可更换钉仓120的各个组件保持在一起。楔形滑动件192向上凸轮作用于缝钉驱动器126,以将缝钉124推压成变形地接触砧座130同时E横梁184的切割表面186切断被夹持的组织。击发杆180被可动地支撑在轴14内,使得其在器械10被击发(例如,致动)时穿过仓120。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,击发杆180相反被定位在轴14内,使得击发杆元件180的主体的全部或一部分在击发期间由砧座130中的狭槽(未示出)支撑。由于砧座130可比仓120更坚固,因此来自狭槽的支撑可防止击发杆180屈曲,甚至当将高负荷施加至击发杆180的远端也是如此。这可用于其中击发杆元件182包括层压板182的实施例中。
各种E横梁构型还包括上部销188,所述上部销能够在击发期间接合砧座130,而中间销185和底座187接合仓体122、仓托盘192、和细长通道110的多个部分。在使用期间,仓体122中的中心设置的狭槽123与仓托盘190中的狭槽193和细长通道110中的狭槽113对准。E横梁184的前沿滑动穿过对准的狭槽123,193和113。随着击发杆180朝远侧推进时,底座187支撑在通道110的底面上并且上部销180支撑在砧座130的底部表面中的沟槽131内,以防止砧座130和通道110因组织抵抗力而被推压开。其后,朝近侧回缩击发杆180并且也回缩E横梁184,从而允许打开砧座130以释放两个被缝合和切断的组织部分(未示出)。
在各种非限制性实施例中,将弹簧夹195安装在端部执行器框架90中以作为击发杆180的锁定件。形成于端部执行器框架90的顶部上的远侧方形孔192和近侧方形孔193可在其间限定夹片杆196,所述夹片杆容纳夹片弹簧195的顶臂197,所述夹片弹簧的下部远侧延伸臂198将向下的力施加至击发杆180的凸起部分183上,正如所知的那样。应当理解,各种实施例可包括其他类型的锁定件或者完全不包括锁定件。
在图1和图3-9所示的各种实施例中,端部执行器20能够围绕纵向轴线A-A选择性地旋转,并且能够通过关节运动控制系统200来围绕关节运动轴线B-B且相对于近侧轴段141进行关节运动。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统200包括相对于柄部12可旋转地支撑的喷嘴210。在图3-9所示的实施例中,喷嘴210具有渐缩至远端部分214的近端部分212。为了有利于通过临床医生正紧握柄部12的同一只手的一部分来围绕纵向轴线A-A方便地旋转喷嘴210,围绕喷嘴210的近端212形成了多个径向突出的致动按钮216。临床医生随后可利用其支撑柄部12的手的食指或其他手指或一部分来相对于柄部旋转喷嘴210。
转到图3和4,能够看出喷嘴210可因组装目的而以多个部件来提供。在图示实施例中,例如,喷嘴210由下部喷嘴部分211和上部喷嘴部分213形成。下部喷嘴部分211和上部喷嘴部分213可由例如玻璃填充的聚碳酸酯或者其他合适的材料加工成形并且可通过适当的粘合剂、焊接、按扣结构、螺钉、摩擦柱/孔等互连在一起。在各种非限制性实施例中,喷嘴210分别通过上部销220和下部销222可枢转地销接到近侧闭合管段141。近侧闭合管段141可因组装目的而被加工成形为多个区段。本领域中的普通技术人员将会知道,近侧闭合管段141的近侧部分将与已知组件结合,所述已知组件用于与装置的闭合触发器附接或连通。例如,此类构造公开于美国专利7,000,818中,该专利以引用方式并入本文中。然而,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下,可通过多种其他已知的触发器和柄部构造来控制闭合管组件的致动。在图3-6所示的实施例中,近侧闭合管段141由下部轴段143和上部轴段145加工成形。在各种实施例中,下部轴段143和上部轴段145可由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形并且可通过适当的粘合剂或其他合适的紧固件装置连接在一起以形成基本上中空的管状结构,从而容纳关节运动控制系统200(例如关节运动组件230)的各个组件以及击发杆182、轴框架100等。
如从图3和图6中可见,在各种非限制性实施例中,上部销220被可旋转地容纳在上部轴段145中的孔149内,并且下部销222被可旋转地容纳在下部轴段143中的下部孔147内。上部销220和下部销222同轴地对准并且限定喷嘴轴线C-C,喷嘴210可围绕所述喷嘴轴线C-C来相对于近侧闭合管段141枢转。如最具体地从图6中可见,穿过喷嘴210的近端214来提供孔219。孔219相对于近侧闭合管段141设定尺寸以允许喷嘴210围绕喷嘴轴线C-C枢转,如将在下文中更详细所述。
在图2的非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统200包括关节运动组件230。在至少一个实施例中,关节运动组件230可包括右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234可按照图2和图3所示来构造并且可由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。关节运动组件230包括右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234,所述右关节运动杆和左关节运动杆在被容纳在近侧闭合管段141内时可在其中相对于彼此轴向地运动,如将在下文中更详细所述。如从图2中可见,右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234限定能够适应击发杆180在其间轴向地运动的中心设置的细长狭槽236。右关节运动带238从右关节运动杆232的远端233朝远侧突出并且左关节运动带240从左关节运动杆234的远端239朝远侧突出。参见图2。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动带238,240附接到毂96。例如,带238,240可枢转地销接到毂96。
关节运动组件230能够与喷嘴210结合,使得喷嘴210围绕喷嘴轴线C-C的枢转行进导致右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的轴向致动,这最终导致端部执行器20围绕关节运动轴线B-B进行关节运动。更具体地讲并且参照图3、图5和图6-9,右关节运动杆232具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过近侧闭合管段141中的右狭槽251的右枢轴销250。右枢轴销250的端部延伸到喷嘴210中的右承窝或孔252内。相似地,左关节运动杆234具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过近侧闭合管段141中的左狭槽255的左枢轴销254。左枢轴销254的端部延伸到喷嘴210中的承窝或孔256内。
可参照图7-9来理解关节运动控制系统200的操作。图7示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的左侧所作的关节运动(围绕图1所示的关节运动轴线B-B)。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生沿由图7中的箭头“E”表示的第一致动方向来枢转喷嘴210。当喷嘴210沿“E”方向枢转时,右关节运动杆232沿远侧方向“DD”运动并且左关节运动杆234沿近侧方向“PD”运动。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加推动动作并且通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。图8示出了与轴14同轴对齐的端部执行器20(如,处于非关节运动位置)。例如,在将端部执行器20穿过套管针插管(未示出)或患者体内的其他开口插入的过程中,可采用这种端部执行器取向。图9示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的右侧所作的关节运动(围绕图1所示的关节运动轴线B-B)。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生沿由图9中的箭头“F”表示的第二致动方向来枢转喷嘴210。当喷嘴210沿“F”方向枢转时,右关节运动杆232沿近侧方向“PD”运动并且左关节运动杆234沿远侧方向“DD”运动。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加推动动作并且通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。可仅通过围绕纵向轴线A-A旋转喷嘴210来使端部执行器20围绕纵向轴线进行旋转。此动作可通过正支撑装置的柄部的手的一部分来完成,从而无需使用两只手来使端部执行器围绕纵向轴线旋转。尽管如上所述的关节运动组件230采用两个细长的关节运动杆或构件,但在可供选择的实施例中,仅采用一个细长的关节运动构件。
图10-17示出了本发明的通常设计为300的另一个非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例,其类似于如上所述的关节运动控制系统200,不同的是具有下文指出的差别。与上述实施例中所采用的组件相同的这些组件将标记为相同的元件标号,并且本领域中的普通技术人员可参考上文中示出的解释它们的构造和操作的公开内容。如从图10中可见,关节运动控制系统300采用单独的旋转喷嘴302来控制闭合管组件140并最终控制端部执行器12的旋转(图10中的箭头“G”)。如从图13中可见,在至少一个实施例中,旋转喷嘴302由上旋转喷嘴部分303和下旋转喷嘴部分304加工成形,所述下旋转喷嘴部分通过例如摩擦柱341和承窝343附接到上旋转喷嘴部分303。然而,喷嘴部分303,304可通过其他合适的方式(例如,粘合剂、焊接、按扣结构、螺钉等)附接在一起。上旋转喷嘴部分303和下旋转喷嘴部分304附接到近侧闭合管段141。在至少一个实施例中,例如,上旋转喷嘴部分303通过延伸穿过上部轴段145中的开口306的键305而锁定到上部轴段145,并且下旋转喷嘴部分304通过延伸穿过下部轴段143中的开口308的键307而锁定到下部轴段143。然而,旋转喷嘴302可通过其他合适的方式非旋转性地附接到近侧闭合管段141,使得旋转喷嘴302的旋转导致端部执行器20围绕纵向轴线A-A的旋转。
如从图13中可见,关节运动喷嘴310可因组装目的而以多个部件来提供。在图示实施例中,例如,关节运动喷嘴310由右喷嘴部分311和左喷嘴部分313形成。右喷嘴部分311和左喷嘴部分313可由例如玻璃填充的聚碳酸酯加工成形并且可通过适当的摩擦柱/孔345,347互连在一起。然而,右喷嘴部分311和左喷嘴部分313可通过适当的粘合剂、焊接、按扣结构、螺钉等附接在一起。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动喷嘴310分别可枢转地安装到上部销220和下部销222上。上部销220安装到上部轴段145并且下部销222安装到下部轴段143。上部销220和下部销222同轴地对准并且限定喷嘴轴线C-C,关节运动喷嘴310可围绕所述喷嘴轴线C-C而相对于近侧闭合管段141枢转。如最具体地从图11中可见,穿过关节运动喷嘴310的近端314来提供孔319。孔319相对于闭合管部分141设定尺寸以允许关节运动喷嘴310围绕喷嘴轴线C-C枢转,如将在下文中更详细所述。
在图13的非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统300包括关节运动组件230。在至少一个实施例中,关节运动组件230可包括右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234可按照图14所示来构造并且可由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。如上文所述,当右关节运动杆和左关节运动杆被容纳在近侧闭合管段141内时,它们可在其中相对于彼此轴向地运动。当被容纳在近侧闭合管段141内时,右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234限定能够适应击发杆180的轴向地运动的中心设置的细长狭槽236。右关节运动带238从右关节运动杆232的远端233朝远侧突出并且左关节运动带240从左关节运动杆234的远端239朝远侧突出。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动带238,240附接到毂96。例如,带238,240可枢转地销接到毂96。
关节运动组件230能够与关节运动喷嘴310结合,使得关节运动喷嘴310围绕喷嘴轴线C-C的枢转行进导致关节运动组件230的致动,这最终导致端部执行器20在关节运动枢轴50处围绕关节运动轴线B-B进行关节运动。更具体地讲并且参照图14-17,右关节运动杆232具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过轴闭合管部分141中的右狭槽251的右枢轴销320。在各种非限制性实施例中,球321可设置在右枢轴销320的端部上并且可旋转地容纳在关节运动喷嘴310中的孔323内。相似地,左关节运动杆234具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过近侧闭合管段141中的左狭槽255的左枢轴销330。球332可设置在左枢轴销330的端部上并且可旋转地容纳在关节运动喷嘴310中的孔334内。
可参照图14-16来理解关节运动控制系统300的操作。图14示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的左侧所作的关节运动。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生沿由图14中的箭头“E”表示的致动方向来枢转关节运动喷嘴310。当关节运动喷嘴310沿“E”方向枢转时,右关节运动杆232沿远侧方向“DD”运动并且左关节运动杆234沿近侧方向“PD”运动。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加推动动作并且通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。图15示出了与轴14同轴对齐的端部执行器20(如,处于非关节运动位置)。例如,在将端部执行器20穿过套管针插管(未示出)或患者体内的其他开口插入的过程中,可采用这种端部执行器取向。图16示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的右侧所作的关节运动。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生沿由图15中的箭头“F”表示的致动方向来枢转关节运动喷嘴310。当关节运动喷嘴310沿“F”方向枢转时,右关节运动杆232沿近侧方向“PD”运动并且左关节运动杆234沿远侧方向“DD”运动。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加推动动作并且通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。尽管如上所述的关节运动组件230采用两个细长的关节运动杆或构件,但在可供选择的实施例中,仅采用一个细长的关节运动构件。
图17-23示出了本发明的通常命名为400的另一个非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例。与上述实施例中所采用的组件相同的这些组件将标记为相同的元件标号,并且本领域中的普通技术人员可参考上文中示出的解释它们的构造和操作的公开内容。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统400包括由多个部件加工成形的关节运动喷嘴410。例如,关节运动喷嘴410具有相对于左喷嘴部分430可轴向运动的右喷嘴部分412。参见图21。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,右喷嘴部分412包括右上部部分414和右下部部分420。参见图19。右上部喷嘴部分412和右下部喷嘴部分414可由例如玻璃填充的碳酸酯或其他合适的材料加工成形。相似地,左喷嘴部分430包括左上部喷嘴部分432和左下部喷嘴部分440。左上部喷嘴部分432和左下部喷嘴部分440可由例如玻璃填充的碳酸酯或其他合适的材料加工成形。
如从图20中可见,右上部喷嘴部分414设有一对间隔开的保持带区段416并且右下部喷嘴部分420设有一对间隔开的保持带区段422。当右上部喷嘴部分414和右下部喷嘴部分420接合在一起时,上部414中的保持带区段416与下部420中的保持带区段422相配合以形成通常设计为424的连续环形右保持带,所述连续环形右保持带的用途将在下文中进行更详细的论述。相似地,左上部喷嘴部分432设有一对间隔开的保持带区段434并且左下部喷嘴部分440设有一对间隔开的保持带区段442。当左上部喷嘴部分432和左下部喷嘴部分440接合在一起时,上部432中的保持带区段434与下部440中的保持带区段442相配合以形成通常设计为444的连续环形左保持带。
在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统400包括关节运动组件230。在至少一个实施例中,关节运动组件230可包括右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234可按照图19所示来构造并且可由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234在如图所示可动地支撑在近侧闭合管段141内时用于限定能够适应击发杆180的轴向地运动的中心设置的细长狭槽236。右关节运动带238从右关节运动杆232的远端233朝远侧突出并且左关节运动带240从左关节运动杆234的远端239朝远侧突出。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动带238,240附接到毂96。例如,带238,240可枢转地销接到毂96。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234可滑动地插入中空的近侧闭合管段141内。右关节运动杆232具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过轴闭合管部分141中的右狭槽251的右枢轴销450。相似地,左关节运动杆234具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过轴闭合管部分141中的左狭槽255的左枢轴销460。此类构造使得右关节运动杆232和第二关节运动杆能够在近侧闭合管段141内独立地轴向运动。右枢轴销450的端部能够被容纳在由接合的右上部喷嘴部分414和右下部喷嘴部分420形成的孔452内。同样,左枢轴销460的端部能够被容纳在由接合的左上部喷嘴部分432和左下部喷嘴部分440形成的孔462内。
为了组装至少一个实施例,将上部喷嘴部分414,432组合在一起以形成临时上部喷嘴组件433,但保持为彼此未进行附接,如图19所示。另外如图19所示,将下部喷嘴部分420,440组合在一起以形成临时下部喷嘴组件443,但保持为彼此未进行附接。然后,将临时上部喷嘴组件433在近侧闭合管段141上接合到临时下部喷嘴组件443同时将右枢轴销450捕获在右孔452中并且将左枢轴销460捕获在左孔462中。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,右上部喷嘴部分414设有附接柱415(图20),所述附接柱的尺寸设定成摩擦性地装配到右下部喷嘴部分的附接孔425内以将这两个部分414,420保持在一起,以形成右喷嘴部分412。同样,左下部喷嘴部分440设有附接柱445,所述附接柱的尺寸设定成摩擦性地装配到左上部喷嘴部分432中的附接孔435内以将这两个部分440,432保持在一起,以形成左喷嘴部分430。然而,可使用其他紧固件装置和/或粘合剂来将右上部喷嘴部分414附接到右下部喷嘴部分420以及将左上部喷嘴部分432附接到左下部喷嘴部分440。
可参照图22和图23来理解关节运动控制系统400的操作。图22示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的左侧所作的关节运动。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生沿远侧方向“D-D”来使右喷嘴部分412轴向地运动并且沿近侧方向“PD”来使左喷嘴部分430轴向地运动,由此导致右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234将端部执行器围绕关节运动点50运动至左侧。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加推动动作并且通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。图23示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的右侧所作的关节运动。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生沿近侧方向“PD”来使右喷嘴部分412轴向地运动并且沿远侧方向“D-D”来使左喷嘴部分430轴向地运动,由此使得右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234将端部执行器20围绕关节运动点50运动至右侧。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加推动动作并且通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。尽管如上所述的关节运动组件230采用两个细长的关节运动杆或构件,但在可供选择的实施例中,仅采用一个细长的关节运动构件。
图24和图25示出了可代替上述喷嘴实施例410来使用的可供选择的喷嘴实施例410’。在此实施例中,喷嘴410’由可相对于左喷嘴部分430’轴向地运动的右喷嘴部分412’加工成形。如从这些附图中可见,左喷嘴部分430’在其中具有左轴向开口460,所述左轴向开口限定适于可滑动地接合右闩锁部分470的左轴向凸缘462。同样,右喷嘴部分412具有右轴向开口472,所述右轴向开口具有适于由左闩锁部分464可滑动地接合的右轴向凸缘474。此类构造用于将右喷嘴部分412’与左喷嘴部分430彼此围绕近侧闭合轴141来接合在一起同时使得这些部分能够相对于彼此轴向地运动。右喷嘴部分412’中具有右孔452’以用于在其中容纳右枢轴销450,并且左喷嘴部分430’中具有左孔462’以用于在其中容纳左枢轴销460。可供选择的喷嘴410’另外按照上文所述的方式进行操作,以使端部执行器20围绕关节运动枢轴50和关节运动轴线B-B进行关节运动。
图26-33示出了本发明的通常命名为500的另一个非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例。与上述实施例中所采用的组件相同的这些组件将标记为相同的元件标号,并且本领域中的普通技术人员可参考上文中示出的解释它们的构造和操作的公开内容。在至少一个实施例中,关节运动控制系统500包括由多个部件加工成形的关节运动喷嘴510。例如,关节运动喷嘴510具有能够附接到左喷嘴部分530的右喷嘴部分512。参见图29。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,右喷嘴部分512可在其上设有附接柱513,所述附接柱的尺寸设定成摩擦性地容纳在左喷嘴部分530中的相应附接孔(未示出)内。右喷嘴部分512同样可在其中具有附接孔515,所述附接孔的尺寸设定成摩擦性地接合左喷嘴部分530上的相应附接柱531,以将右喷嘴部分512和左喷嘴部分530联接在一起。参见图29。可使用其他紧固构造(例如,粘合剂、焊接、机械紧固件、按扣结构等)来将右喷嘴部分和左喷嘴部分附接在一起。在各种非限制性实施例中,右喷嘴部分512具有近端514,所述近端在其上形成有致动按钮或突起516。右喷嘴部分512还具有远端517,所述远端在其上形成有键518以用于容纳在近侧闭合管段141中的键开口519内,由此来将右喷嘴部分512非旋转性地附连到近侧闭合管段141。相似地,左喷嘴部分530具有近端534,所述近端在其上形成有致动按钮或突起516。左喷嘴部分530还具有远端537,所述远端在其上形成有键538以用于容纳在近侧闭合管段141中的键开口539内,由此来将左喷嘴部分530非旋转性地附连到近侧闭合管段141。参见图31-33。
在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统500包括关节运动组件230。在至少一个实施例中,关节运动组件230可包括右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234可按照图29所示来构造并且可由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234在如图所示可动地支撑在近侧闭合管段141内时用于限定能够适应击发杆180的轴向地运动的中心设置的细长狭槽236。右关节运动带238从右关节运动杆232的远端233朝远侧突出并且左关节运动带240从左关节运动杆234的远端239朝远侧突出。在各种实施例中,关节运动带238,240附接到毂96。例如,带238,240可枢转地销接到毂96。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234可滑动地插入中空的近侧闭合管段141内。右关节运动杆232具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过近侧闭合管段141中的右狭槽251的右枢轴销550。相似地,左关节运动杆234具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过近侧闭合管段141中的左狭槽255的左枢轴销560。
在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制器500包括致动器组件562,所述致动器组件穿过喷嘴510中的开口564,566突出并且可围绕基本上横向于纵向轴线A-A的致动器轴线H-H选择性地枢转。在各种形式中,致动器组件562包括联接到第二致动器部分580的第一致动器部分570。第一致动器部分570具有穿过其中的枢轴孔571,所述枢轴孔适于可枢转地容纳联接到近侧闭合管段141的第一致动器销590。参见图28和图19。相似地,第二致动器部分580具有穿过其中的枢轴孔581,所述枢轴孔适于可枢转地容纳联接到近侧闭合管段141的第二致动器销592。第一致动器销590和第二致动器销592用于限定致动器轴线H-H,所述致动器轴线H-H基本上横向于纵向轴线A-A并且致动器组件562可围绕所述致动器轴线H-H枢转。第一致动器部分570可通过多种方法附接到第二致动器部分580。在图示型式中,例如,第一致动器部分570具有一对附接柱572,所述附接柱的尺寸设定成摩擦性地容纳在第二致动器部分580中的相应附接孔(未示出)内。同样,第二致动器部分580可具有附接柱580,所述附接柱的尺寸设定成摩擦性地容纳在第一致动器部分中的附接孔574内,使得当第一致动器部分570和第二致动器部分580接合在一起时形成致动器组件562。然而,第一致动器部分570和第二致动器部分580可利用任何合适的方式(例如,通过粘合剂、按扣结构、紧固件等)联接在一起。
如从图28和图29中可见,第一致动器部分570与第一关节运动杆232可操作地结合以通过第一凸轮狭槽576来使其在近侧闭合管段141内轴向地运动,所述第一凸轮狭槽能够在其中容纳右枢轴销550的一部分。因此,通过围绕致动器轴线H-H来枢转第一致动器部分570,第一凸轮狭槽576和右枢轴销550之间的相互作用将导致第一关节运动杆232在近侧闭合管段141内轴向地运动。相似地,第二致动器部分580与第二关节运动杆234可操作地结合以通过第二凸轮狭槽586来使其在近侧闭合管段141内轴向地运动,所述第二凸轮狭槽能够在其中容纳左枢轴销560的一部分。因此,当第二致动器部分580围绕致动器轴线H-H枢转时,第二凸轮狭槽586和左枢轴销560之间的相互作用将导致第二关节运动杆234在近侧闭合管段141内轴向地运动。
可参照图26和图31-33来理解关节运动控制系统500的操作。首先转到图26,为了围绕纵向轴线AA来旋转近侧闭合管段141并最终旋转端部执行器20(示于图31-33中),临床医生仅围绕纵向轴线A-A来旋转喷嘴510,如通过图26中的箭头“I”所示。图31示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的左侧所作的关节运动。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生仅沿“J”方向(示于图30中)来围绕致动器轴线H-H枢转致动器组件562。致动器组件562的此类运动导致右枢轴销550和右凸轮狭槽576之间的相互作用,由此导致右关节运动杆232沿远侧方向“DD”的轴向地运动。致动器组件562的此类运动还导致左枢轴销560和左凸轮狭槽586之间的相互作用,由此同时导致左致动器杆234沿近侧方向“PD”的轴向地运动。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加推动动作并且通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。图33示出了端部执行器20向关节运动枢轴50的右侧所作的关节运动。为了完成此范围的关节运动,临床医生仅沿“K”方向(示于图30中)来围绕致动器轴线H-H枢转致动器组件562。致动器组件562的此类运动导致右枢轴销550和右凸轮狭槽576之间的相互作用,由此导致右关节运动杆232沿近侧方向“PD”的轴向地运动。致动器组件562的此类运动还导致左枢轴销560和左凸轮狭槽586之间的相互作用,由此同时导致左致动器杆234沿远侧方向“DD”的轴向地运动。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234的此类运动导致通过左关节运动带240向毂96施加推动动作并且通过右关节运动带238向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。尽管如上所述的关节运动组件230采用两个细长的关节运动杆或构件,但在可供选择的实施例中,仅采用一个细长的关节运动构件。
图34-42示出了本发明的通常命名为600的另一个非限制性关节运动控制系统实施例。与上述实施例中所采用的组件相同的这些组件将标记为相同的元件标号,并且本领域中的普通技术人员可参考上文中示出的解释它们的构造和操作的公开内容。在此实施例中,关节运动控制系统600包括由多个部件加工成形的关节运动喷嘴610。例如,关节运动喷嘴610具有能够附接到下部喷嘴部分630的上部喷嘴部分612。参见图38。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,上部喷嘴部分612可在其上设有附接柱(未示出),所述附接柱的尺寸设定成摩擦性地容纳在下部喷嘴部分630中的相应附接孔631内。可使用其他紧固构造(例如,粘合剂、机械紧固件、按扣结构等)来将上部喷嘴部分612和下部喷嘴部分630附接在一起。在各种非限制性实施例中,上部喷嘴部分612具有近端614,所述具有近端在其上形成有致动按钮或突起616。相似地,下部喷嘴部分630具有近端634,所述近端在其上形成有致动按钮或突起616。
在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统600包括关节运动组件700。在至少一个实施例中,关节运动组件700可包括容纳在近侧闭合管段750内的右关节运动带710和左关节运动带730。右关节运动带710具有右细长带部分712和近侧致动部分714。相似地,左关节运动带730具有左细长带部分732和近侧致动部分734。右关节运动带710和左关节运动带730可由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。近侧闭合管段750包括中空管,所述中空管可由例如不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,中空近侧闭合轴段750具有形成于其壁中的右带通道752和左带通道754。近侧闭合管段750的中心提供通道以按照上文所述的各种方式来容纳装置的近侧框架或脊部分(未示出)以及击发杆(未示出)。如图38所示,细长的右关节运动带部分712被可滑动地支撑在右带通道752内并且细长的左关节运动带部分732被可滑动地支撑在左带通道754内。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动带712,732附接到毂96。参见图40和图42。例如,带238,240可枢转地销接到毂96。右关节运动杆232和左关节运动杆234可滑动地插入中空的近侧闭合管段141内。右关节运动杆232具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过近侧闭合管段141中的右狭槽251的右枢轴销550。相似地,左关节运动杆234具有与其附接并且从其侧向突出以穿过近侧闭合管段141中的左狭槽255的左枢轴销560。
喷嘴610非旋转性地附连地近侧闭合轴段700,使得喷嘴610围绕纵向轴线A-A的旋转将导致端部执行器20围绕纵向轴线A-A的旋转。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,喷嘴610具有延伸到近侧闭合管段750中的狭槽751内的键613。参见图38。此类构造用于将喷嘴610非旋转性地附连到近侧闭合管段750同时有利于喷嘴610相对其的轴向地运动。如从图37和图38中还可见,上部喷嘴部分612还具有形成于其中的致动凹口640,所述致动凹口能够可操作地接合致动枢转构件或枢转板650。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,枢转板650包括右枢转板部分652和左枢转板部分670。右枢转板部分具有形成于其中的枢轴销654,所述枢轴销适于被可枢转地容纳在近侧闭合管段750中的枢轴孔780内。参见图42。相似地,左枢转板部分670具有形成于其中的右枢轴销672,所述右枢轴销适于被可枢转地容纳在近侧闭合管段750中的枢轴孔682内。右枢轴销654和左枢轴销672彼此同轴地对准,以限定枢转板650可围绕枢转的致动轴线L-L,所述致动轴线L-L基本上横向于纵向轴线“L-L”。右枢转板部分650和左枢转板部分670通过被设计为摩擦接合的柱(未示出)和孔655而附接在一起。右枢转板部分650和左枢转板部分670也可通过粘合剂或其他合适的紧固件装置而附接在一起。如从图36、图37和图39中可见,近侧闭合管段750在其中具有上间隙狭槽753和下间隙狭槽755以有利于枢转板650围绕致动轴线L-L(图36)的枢转行进。
如从图37-40和图41中进一步可见,右枢转板部分650具有右下致动狭槽656,所述右下致动狭槽能够与左枢转板部分670中的相应左下致动狭槽674对准,从而形成枢转板650中的下致动狭槽676,以用于容纳和可操作地接合形成于致动器带组件710的致动器部分714上的致动器突出部716。右枢转板部分650具有右上关节运动狭槽658,所述右上关节运动狭槽能够与左枢转板部分670中的相应左上关节运动狭槽(未示出)对准,从而形成枢转板650中的上关节运动狭槽678,以用于容纳和可操作地接合形成于致动器带组件730的致动器部分734上的致动器突出部736。
可参照图39-42来理解关节运动控制系统600的操作。首先转到图39和图40,为了围绕枢转点50沿右方向来枢转端部执行器20,临床医生在轴向上沿远侧方向“DD”来轴向地推动喷嘴610。喷嘴610沿远侧方向“DD”的此类运动导致枢转板650沿“M”方向(图39)来围绕致动轴线L-L枢转,由此沿远侧方向“DD”推动左关节运动带组件730并且沿近侧方向“PD”牵拉右关节运动带组件750。喷嘴610以及右关节运动带组件710和左关节运动带组件730的这种轴向地运动导致通过左关节运动带组件730向毂96施加推动动作并且通过右关节运动带组件710向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图40所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。同样,为了围绕枢转点50沿左方向来枢转端部执行器20(图42),临床医生沿近侧方向“PD”牵拉喷嘴610。喷嘴610沿近侧方向“PD”的此类运动导致枢转板650沿“N”方向(图41)来围绕致动轴线L-L枢转,由此沿远侧方向“DD”推动右关节运动带组件710并且沿近侧方向“PD”牵拉左关节运动带组件750。喷嘴610以及右关节运动带组件710和左关节运动带组件730的这种轴向地运动导致通过右关节运动带组件710向毂96施加推动动作并且通过左关节运动带组件730向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致如图42所示的端部执行器20的关节运动。为了围绕纵向轴线A-A来旋转端部执行器20,临床医生仅围绕纵向轴线A-A来旋转喷嘴610。此动作可通过正支撑器械的柄部的同一只手的一部分来完成。尽管如上所述的关节运动组件230采用两个细长的关节运动杆或构件,但在可供选择的实施例中,仅采用一个细长的关节运动构件。
图43-50示出了本发明的通常命名为800的另一个关节运动控制系统实施例。与上述实施例中所采用的组件相同的这些组件将标记为相同的元件标号,并且本领域中的普通技术人员可参考上文中示出的解释它们的构造和操作的公开内容。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统800包括由多个部件加工成形的关节运动喷嘴810。例如,关节运动喷嘴810具有能够附接到第二喷嘴部分830的第一喷嘴部分812。参见图44-46。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,右喷嘴部分812和左喷嘴部分830通过摩擦性地容纳在相应孔815中的一系列柱813而附接在一起。可使用其他紧固构造(例如,粘合剂、机械紧固件、按扣结构等)来将第一喷嘴部分812和第二喷嘴部分830附接在一起。在各种非限制性实施例中,第一喷嘴部分812具有近端814,所述近端在其上形成有致动按钮或突起816。相似地,第二喷嘴部分830具有近端834,所述近端在其上形成有致动按钮或突起816。
在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动控制系统800包括可选择性锁定的关节运动组件900。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动组件900可包括容纳在附连到器械柄部(未示出)的脊段850内的右关节运动带910和左关节运动带930。右关节运动带910具有右细长带部分912和近侧致动部分914,所述近侧致动部分具有形成于其上的右致动突出部916。相似地,左关节运动带930具有左细长带部分932和近侧致动部分934,所述近侧致动部分具有形成于其上的左致动突出部936。右关节运动带910和左关节运动带930可由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。
在各种非限制性实施例中,脊段850包括中空管,所述中空管可例如由不锈钢或其他合适的材料加工成形。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,中空脊段850具有形成于其壁中的右带通道852和左带通道854。脊段850的中心提供通道851,所述通道的尺寸和构造设定成按照上文所述的各种方式来容纳装置的近侧框架或脊部分100(示于图2中)以及击发杆180(示于图2中)。如图47所示,细长的右关节运动带部分912被可滑动地支撑在右带通道852内并且细长的左关节运动带部分932被可滑动地支撑在左带通道854内。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动带912,932附接到端部执行器框架90的毂96,如上文所论述。
如从图44-47和图49中可见,在至少一个非限制性实施例中,右致动突出部916和左致动突出部936能够与致动或枢转板980可操作地接合。在各种实施例中,枢转板980包括第一枢转板部分982和第二枢转板部分990。第一枢转板部分982具有形成于其上的第一枢轴销984,所述第一枢轴销适于被可枢转地容纳在脊段850中的第一枢轴孔853内。参见图44和图46。相似地,第二枢转板部分990具有形成于其上的第二枢轴销992,所述第二枢轴销适于被可枢转地容纳在脊段850中的第二枢轴孔852内。第一枢轴销984还延伸穿过近侧闭合管段950中的第一细长狭槽954。相似地,第二枢轴销992延伸穿过近侧闭合管段950中的第二细长狭槽956。此类构造使近侧闭合管段950能够在脊段850上轴向地运动同时有利于枢转板980相对其的枢转行进。第一枢轴销984和第二枢轴销992为彼此同轴对准的,以限定枢转板980可围绕枢转并且基本上横向于纵向轴线“A-A”的致动轴线N-N。参见图45。第一枢转板部分982和第二枢转板部分990通过被设计为摩擦接合的柱983和孔993附接在一起。第一枢转板部分982和第二枢转板部分990也可通过粘合剂、焊接、按扣结构、或其他合适的紧固件装置附接在一起。
如从图49中可见,脊段850具有右致动器突出部916延伸穿过的右突出部狭槽860。脊段850还具有左关节运动突出部936延伸穿过的左突出部狭槽862。另外,右致动器突出部916延伸穿过近侧闭合管段950中的右狭槽960并且左致动器突出部936延伸穿过近侧闭合管段950中的左狭槽962。如从图44-47中进一步可见,第一枢转板部分982具有右致动狭槽987,所述右致动狭槽能够与第二枢转板部分990中的相应右致动狭槽(未示出)对准,从而形成枢转板980中的右关节运动狭槽995,以用于在其中容纳和可操作地接合右致动器突出部916。相似地,右枢转板部分982具有左致动狭槽988,所述左致动狭槽能够与第二枢转板部分990中的相应左致动狭槽996对准,从而形成枢转板980中的左关节运动狭槽997,以用于在其中容纳和可操作地接合左致动器突出部936。
在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动喷嘴810非旋转性地附连到近侧闭合轴段950上,使得关节运动喷嘴610围绕纵向轴线A-A的旋转将导致端部执行器20围绕纵向轴线A-A的旋转。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,关节运动喷嘴810具有键818,所述键延伸到近侧闭合管段950中的相应细长狭槽951内和脊段850中的相应狭槽859内,如图49所示。此类构造有利于关节运动喷嘴810相对近侧闭合管段950和脊段950的轴向地运动同时还有利于通过围绕纵向轴线A-A旋转喷嘴810来使近侧闭合管段950一体地旋转。如从图44和49中可见,致动器凹口817设置在关节运动喷嘴810中以接合枢转板980。因此,喷嘴810的轴向地运动将导致枢转板980围绕致动轴线N-N枢转。
为了围绕枢转点或关节运动轴线沿左方向来枢转端部执行器,临床医生在轴向上沿远侧方向“DD”来使关节运动喷嘴810运动。关节运动喷嘴810沿远侧方向“DD”的此类运动导致枢转板980围绕致动轴线N-N枢转,从而沿远侧方向“DD”运动右关节运动带910并且沿近侧方向“PD”牵拉左关节运动带930。关节运动喷嘴810以及右关节运动带910和左关节运动带930的这种轴向地运动导致通过右关节运动带910向毂96施加推动动作并且通过左关节运动带组件930向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致端部执行器的关节运动。参见图49。同样,为了围绕枢转点或关节运动轴线沿右方向来枢转端部执行器,临床医生沿近侧方向“PD”来牵拉关节运动喷嘴810。喷嘴810沿近侧方向“PD”的此类运动导致枢转板980围绕致动轴线N-N枢转,从而沿远侧方向“DD”推动左关节运动带930并且沿近侧方向“PD”牵拉右关节运动带910。关节运动喷嘴810以及右关节运动带910和左关节运动带930的这种轴向地运动导致通过左关节运动带组件930向毂96施加推动动作并且通过右关节运动带910向毂96施加牵拉动作,由此导致端部执行器向纵向轴线A-A右侧进行关节运动。为了围绕纵向轴线A-A旋转端部执行器,临床医生仅围绕纵向轴线A-A来旋转关节运动喷嘴810。
如上文所述,近侧闭合管段950与闭合触发器结合,使得当临床医生致动闭合触发器时,近侧闭合管段950沿远侧方向运动。在各种非限制性实施例中,近侧闭合管段的远端部分可按照例如图2所示的方式进行构造,以可枢转地联接到远侧闭合管段150,由此来向砧座130施加打开动作和闭合动作。在各种非限制性实施例中,关节运动锁定系统1000能够当近侧闭合管段950沿远侧方向“DD”轴向地运动时被锁定并且当近侧闭合管段950沿近侧方向“PD”轴向地运动时被解锁。
更具体地讲,如从图45中可见,右关节运动带910在其中形成有多个右锁定棘爪1010。每个棘爪1010对应于端部执行器围绕关节运动轴线的特定角度或关节运动取向。右锁定棘爪1010能够由右锁定球1012来接合,所述右锁定球可动地支撑在脊段850中的右锁定孔1014内。相似地,左关节运动带930在其中形成有多个左锁定棘爪1020,所述左锁定棘爪能够由左锁定球1022来接合,所述左锁定球可动地支撑在脊段850中的左锁定孔1024内。参见图49。右锁定球1012容纳在形成于近侧闭合管段950中的细长的右锁定腔1016内。这种细长的锁定腔1016提供足够的间隙,以允许右锁定球1012随着右关节运动带912在脊段850内轴向地运动而径向地运动。如从图48和图50中最具体可见,细长的右锁定腔1016的近端1017具有形成于其上的锁定斜坡1018。相似地,左锁定球1022容纳在形成于近侧闭合管段950中的细长的左锁定腔1026内。这种细长的锁定腔1026提供足够的间隙,以允许左锁定球1022随着左关节运动带932在脊段850内轴向地运动而径向地运动。如从图49中最具体可见,细长的左锁定腔1026的近端具有形成于其上的左锁定斜坡1028。
现在将参照图47-50来描述关节运动控制系统800和关节运动锁定系统1000的操作。在各种非限制性实施例中,当临床医生期望端部执行器围绕关节运动轴线进行关节运动时,则将喷嘴810按照上文所述的方式来沿期望方向轴向地运动。临床医生可利用其正用于抓握和支撑器械柄部的同一只手来完成此动作。在关节运动过程中,闭合触发器仍未致动并且近侧闭合管950处于“打开”位置,如图47和图48所示。当右关节运动带912轴向地运动时,允许右锁定球1012沿径向运动到足够地远离右关节运动带912由此允许其轴向地运动,并且当左关节运动带932轴向地运动时,允许左锁定球1022沿径向运动到足够地远离左关节运动带932由此允许其轴向地运动。当临床医生沿适当的轴向推进喷嘴810并且右关节运动带912和左关节运动带932分别运动经过右锁定球1012和左锁定球1022时,临床医生接收到锁定棘爪1010,1020分别可动地接合锁定球1012,1022的触觉反馈。一旦临床医生已获得关节运动的所需量(其对应于如下位置,其中右锁定球1012接合对应于该关节运动位置的右锁定棘爪1010并且左锁定球1022同样接合对应于该关节运动位置的左锁定棘爪1020)之后,临床医生随后就可启动闭合触发器。
如上所述,当临床医生启动闭合触发器时,近侧闭合管段950沿远侧方向“DD”轴向地推进。随着近侧闭合管段950朝远侧推进,右锁定斜坡1018接合右锁定球1012并且将其向内径向地推压成与相应的右锁定棘爪1010锁定接合。同样,左锁定斜坡1028接合左锁定球1022并且将其径向地向内推压成与相应的左锁定棘爪1020锁定接合。当闭合砧座并且进一步地使用器械时,近侧闭合管段950沿远侧方向“DD”的进一步轴向推进将继续推压右锁定球1012和左锁定球1022形成锁定接合以将端部执行器保持在期望的关节运动位置。在端部执行器已进行“击发”并且闭合触发器已解锁并返回到打开位置之后,近侧闭合管段950沿近侧方向“PD”运动到起始位置,其中关节运动带912,932可根据需要轴向地运动以将端部执行器取向成期望的位置,由此从手术部位移除。因此,这种关节运动锁定系统基本上是通过向端部执行器施加闭合动作来启动的。尽管如上所述的关节运动组件采用两个细长的关节运动杆或构件,但在可供选择的实施例中,仅采用一个细长的关节运动构件。同样,在可供选择的实施例中,关节运动锁定系统可仅采用一个锁定球装置,所述锁定球装置能够接合相应的细长关节运动构件中的锁定棘爪。另外,在采用两个细长的关节运动构件的实施例中,可使用仅一个锁定球以在将闭合力施加至端部执行器时来锁定关节运动构件中的一者。
可将本文所公开的装置设计为单次使用后即进行处理,或者可将它们设计为可多次使用。然而,在任一种情况下,所述装置均可进行再修复,以在至少一次使用后再次使用。重新恢复可包括如下步骤的任意组合:拆卸该装置、然后清洗或置换具体部件以及随后组装。特别是,所述装置可以拆卸,而且可以任意组合选择性地置换或移除该装置任意数目的特定零件或部分。清洗和/或置换具体部件后,该装置可以在再修复设施处重新组装以便随后使用,或者在即将进行外科手术前由外科手术队重新组装。本领域的技术人员将会知道,装置的再修复可利用多种用于拆卸、清洗/置换和重新组装的技术。这些技术的使用以及所得的再修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
优选的是,本文所述的发明将在外科手术前进行处理。首先,获取新的或用过的器械,并在必要时对器械进行清洁。然后对装置进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将该器械置于闭合并密封的容器中,例如塑料或TYVEK袋中。然后将容器和器械置于能够穿透该容器的辐射区,例如γ辐射、x-射线或高能电子。辐射将器械上和容器中的细菌杀死。然后将灭菌后的器械保存在消毒容器中。该密封容器将器械保持无菌,直到在医疗设备中打开该容器。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或其他公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本发明所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。由此,在必要的程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突的材料。如果据述以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
尽管已经将本发明作为示例性设计进行了描述,但还可以在本公开的实质和范围内对本发明进行修改。因此本专利申请旨在涵盖采用本发明一般原理的任何变型、用途或改型。此外,本专利申请旨在涵盖本发明所属领域中出自已知的或惯有实践范围内的背离本公开的型式。

Claims (20)

1.一种外科器械,包括:
细长轴,所述细长轴限定纵向轴线;
端部执行器,所述端部执行器联接到所述细长轴以用于相对于所述细长轴选择性地枢转行进,所述端部执行器具有响应于打开动作和闭合动作的至少一个活动部分;
闭合构件,所述闭合构件与所述端部执行器的所述至少一个活动部分结合以向其选择性地施加所述闭合动作;
关节运动控制系统,所述关节运动控制系统与所述端部执行器可操作地结合以向其施加关节运动动作;和
关节运动锁定系统,所述关节运动锁定系统与所述关节运动控制系统和所述闭合构件结合,所述关节运动锁定系统能够从解锁位置运动到锁定位置,在所述解锁位置中,所述关节运动控制系统将所述关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器;在所述锁定位置中,在通过所述闭合构件施加所述闭合动作时,所述关节运动锁定系统防止所述关节运动控制系统将所述关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述关节运动控制系统包括喷嘴,所述喷嘴相对于所述细长轴被支撑,使得所述喷嘴能够相对于所述细长轴沿第一轴向和第二轴向来轴向地运动,并且所述喷嘴围绕所述纵向轴线的旋转导致所述端部执行器围绕所述纵向轴线旋转,并且其中所述关节运动控制系统包括关节运动组件,所述关节运动组件与所述端部执行器和所述喷嘴可操作地结合,使得所述喷嘴沿所述第一轴向的运动导致所述关节运动组件将第一关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器并且所述喷嘴沿所述第二轴向的运动导致所述关节运动组件将第二关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科器械,其中所述关节运动组件包括:
具有第一近端和第一远端的第一细长关节运动构件,其中所述第一远端与所述端部执行器可操作地结合并且所述第一近端与所述喷嘴可操作地结合;和
具有第二近端和第二远端的第二细长关节运动构件,其中所述第二远端与所述端部执行器可操作地结合并且其中所述第二近端与所述喷嘴可操作地结合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述关节运动锁定系统包括第一锁定构件,所述第一锁定构件与所述闭合构件和所述第一细长关节运动构件可动地结合,使得在通过所述闭合构件向所述端部执行器施加所述闭合动作时,所述第一锁定构件运动成与所述第一细长关节运动构件锁定接合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其中所述端部执行器能够关节运动到各种关节运动位置并且其中所述第一细长关节运动构件包括对应于所述各种关节运动位置的多个第一锁定位置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科器械,其中所述第一锁定构件包括第一锁定球,所述第一锁定球被可动地支撑以用于在解锁位置和所述多个锁定位置之间行进。
7.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其中所述关节运动锁定系统还包括第二锁定构件,所述第二锁定构件与所述闭合构件和所述第二细长关节运动构件可动地结合,使得在通过所述闭合构件向所述端部执行器施加所述闭合动作时,所述第二锁定构件运动成与所述第二细长关节运动构件锁定接合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科器械,其中所述第二细长关节运动构件限定对应于所述多个所述第一锁定位置的多个第二锁定位置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外科器械,其中所述第二锁定构件包括第二锁定球,所述第二锁定球被可动地支撑以用于在所述闭合构件和所述第二细长关节运动构件之间可动地行进,并且其中所述多个所述第二锁定位置包括多个第二锁定棘爪,所述多个第二锁定棘爪位于所述第二细长关节运动构件中以用于与所述第二锁定球选择性地锁定接合。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述端部执行器包括外科切割和紧固器械。
11.一种外科器械,包括:
细长轴,所述细长轴限定纵向轴线;
端部执行器,所述端部执行器联接到所述细长轴以用于相对于所述细长轴选择性地枢转行进到各种关节运动位置,所述端部执行器具有可动地响应于打开动作和闭合动作的至少一个部分;
闭合构件,所述闭合构件与所述端部执行器的所述至少一个部分结合,以当所述闭合构件沿闭合方向运动时向其施加所述闭合动作并且当所述闭合构件沿打开方向运动时向其施加所述打开动作;
第一细长关节运动构件,所述第一细长关节运动构件相对于所述闭合构件被可动地支撑并且能够当所述第一细长关节运动构件沿第一致动方向运动时将第一关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器并且当所述第一关节运动构件沿第二致动方向运动时将第二关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器;和
锁定构件,所述锁定构件与所述闭合构件和所述第一细长关节运动构件可操作地结合,使得当所述闭合构件沿所述闭合方向运动时所述锁定构件锁定地接合所述第一细长关节运动构件以防止其沿所述第一致动方向和第二致动方向运动,并且当所述闭合构件沿所述打开方向运动时所述锁定构件与所述第一关节运动构件脱离以使得所述第一关节运动构件能够沿所述第一致动方向和第二致动方向运动。
12.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械,其中所述第一细长关节运动构件限定对应于所述各种关节运动位置的多个第一锁定位置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械,其中所述锁定构件包括第一锁定球,所述第一锁定球被可动地支撑以用于在所述闭合构件和所述第一细长关节运动构件之间径向行进,并且其中所述多个锁定位置包括多个第一锁定棘爪,所述多个第一锁定棘爪位于所述第一细长关节运动构件中以用于与所述第一锁定球选择性地锁定接合。
14.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械,还包括:
第二细长关节运动构件,所述第二细长关节运动构件相对于所述闭合构件被可动地支撑;和
第二锁定构件,所述第二锁定构件与所述闭合构件和所述第二细长关节运动构件可操作地结合,使得当所述闭合构件沿所述闭合方向运动时所述第二锁定构件锁定地接合所述第二细长关节运动构件以防止其运动,并且当所述闭合构件沿所述打开方向运动时所述第二锁定构件与所述第二细长关节运动构件脱离以使得所述第二关节运动构件能够运动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的外科器械,其中所述第一细长关节运动构件包括对应于所述各种关节运动位置的多个第一锁定位置,并且其中所述第二细长关节运动构件包括对应于所述多个所述第一锁定位置的多个第二锁定位置。
16.根据权利要求15所述的外科器械,其中所述锁定构件包括第一锁定球,所述第一锁定球被可动地支撑以用于在所述闭合构件和所述第一细长关节运动构件之间径向行进,并且其中所述多个锁定位置包括多个第一锁定棘爪,所述多个第一锁定棘爪位于所述第一细长关节运动构件中以用于与所述第一锁定球选择性地锁定接合,并且其中所述第二锁定构件包括第二锁定球,所述第二锁定球被可动地支撑以用于在所述闭合构件和所述第二细长关节运动构件之间径向行进,并且其中所述多个所述第二锁定位置包括多个第二锁定棘爪,所述多个第二锁定棘爪位于所述第二细长关节运动构件中以用于与所述第二锁定球选择性地锁定接合。
17.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械,其中所述端部执行器包括外科切割和紧固器械。
18.一种操作外科器械的方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有端部执行器的外科器械,所述端部执行器具有响应于打开动作和闭合动作的至少一部分并且能够响应于关节运动动作来围绕纵向轴线关节运动到多个关节运动位置;
将关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器以使所述端部执行器关节运动到所述关节运动位置中的一个;以及
将闭合动作施加至所述端部执行器,使得在施加所述闭合动作时,所述端部执行器被保持在所述关节运动位置中。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,还包括:
将打开动作施加至所述端部执行器;
将另一个关节运动动作施加至所述端部执行器以使所述端部执行器关节运动到所述关节运动位置中的另一个;
将所述闭合动作施加至所述端部执行器,使得在施加所述闭合动作时,所述端部执行器被保持在所述另一个关节运动位置中。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述外科器械具有柄部,所述柄部可操作地支撑用于施加所述闭合动作的闭合触发器和用于施加所述关节运动动作的关节运动系统,并且其中所述方法还包括:
利用单手抓握所述柄部;
利用正抓握所述柄部的手来启动所述关节运动系统;以及
利用正抓握所述柄部的手来启动所述闭合触发器。
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