CN103370317B - 可用于治疗的咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基衍生物 - Google Patents
可用于治疗的咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103370317B CN103370317B CN201180067775.5A CN201180067775A CN103370317B CN 103370317 B CN103370317 B CN 103370317B CN 201180067775 A CN201180067775 A CN 201180067775A CN 103370317 B CN103370317 B CN 103370317B
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Abstract
本发明提供了式(I)化合物及其可药用盐、含所述化合物的药物组合物及所述化合物在治疗中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物(3-{[{4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}(N,N-二乙基甘氨酰基)氨基]甲基}苯基)乙酸甲酯及其可药用盐、含有所述化合物的药物组合物及其在治疗上的用途。
背景技术
免疫系统由先天性免疫和获得性免疫构成,两者共同作用以保护宿主免受微生物感染。已经显示的是,先天性免疫可以通过在免疫细胞表面表达的toll样受体(toll-likereceptor,TLR)来识别保守的病原体相关分子模式。对侵入的病原体进行识别,然后触发细胞因子的产生(包括干扰素(IFNα),上调吞噬细胞上的共刺激分子,由此调节T细胞的功能。因此,先天性免疫与获得性免疫紧密相关,且可以影响获得性反应的发展和调节。
TLR是I型跨膜受体家族,其特征在于NH2末端的富含亮氨酸的胞外重复结构域(LRR)和COOH末端的胞内尾部,所述尾部含有称为Toll/IL-1受体(TIR)同源性结构域的保守区域。该胞外结构域含有可变数目的LRR,其被认为参与配体结合。迄今已经在人类和小鼠中描述了十一种TLR。它们在配体特异性、表达方式和它们可以诱导的靶标基因方面彼此不同。
已经开发了通过TLR发挥作用的配体(也称为免疫应答调节剂(IRM),例如在美国专利4689338中所述的咪唑并喹啉衍生物,其包括治疗生殖器疣的咪喹莫特(Imiquimod),和在WO98/01448和WO99/28321中所述的腺嘌呤衍生物。
TLR7激动剂通过增强Th1应答来遏制Th2细胞依赖性免疫应答。这种激动剂预期可用于通过调节Th1/Th2免疫应答而治疗多种疾病。然而,全身暴露于TLR7激动剂可能导致不良的副作用如由细胞因子诱导引起的流行性感冒样症状,该细胞因子包括IL-6、IL-12和I型IFN。
WO2008/135791描述了一类经TLR7起作用的具有免疫调节性质的咪唑并喹啉化合物,其可用于治疗例如病毒性或变应性疾病和癌症。
WO2008/135791中所描述的化合物的酯部分在血浆中很快被代谢为低活性的酸。因此所述化合物适合于局部给药并在给药部位发挥想要得到的功效,但一进入体循环就很快被转化为低活性的酸代谢产物,从而降低可能与全身暴露于TLR7激动剂相关的不良的副作用。
WO2008/135791公开了81个化合物、盐和晶型的具体实施例。WO2008/135791的实施例7为2-(3-((N-(3-(4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丙基)-2-(二甲基氨基)乙酰氨基)甲基)苯基)乙酸甲酯,是下式的化合物:
WO2008/135791实施例7
已惊奇地发现,化合物(3-{[{4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}(N,N-二乙基甘氨酰基)氨基]甲基}苯基)乙酸甲酯是一种强效的TLR7激动剂。所述化合物具有多种良好的性质,并因此预期特别适合治疗多种下文所述的病症。
发明内容
(3-{[{4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}(N,N-二乙基甘氨酰基)氨基]甲基}苯基)乙酸甲酯(下文中称为“化合物(I)”)的结构如下所示:
因此,根据本发明,提供了化合物(I),或其可药用盐。
在本发明的另一个方面中提供了化合物(I)。
本发明的另一个方面提供了化合物(I)的可药用盐。应当理解的是,化合物(I)或其可药用盐可以以溶剂化的以及非溶剂化的形式存在,例如,水合形式。应当理解的是,本发明包括所有这些溶剂化的形式。
还应当理解的是,化合物(I)可以表现出多晶型现象,并且本发明包括所有这些晶型。
化合物(I)的适合的可药用盐为例如化合物(I)的酸加成盐,例如与适合的无机酸或有机酸的酸加成盐。无机酸加成盐的实例包括盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐。有机酸盐的实例包括草酸盐、醋酸盐、甲酸盐、丙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、糖精盐(saccharin)、马来酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、丙酮酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐和对甲基苯磺酸盐。所述盐可以是非化学计量或化学计量的盐,例如单盐或二盐,如单糖精盐或二糖精盐。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“盐”定义结晶物质,其中化合物(I)和所述酸离子化,或者可选择地,其中两种组分利用显著的分子间相互作用如氢键组合并形成均一的结晶物质(共晶体)。应当理解的是,根据本发明的盐可以是部分离子的和部分共晶体。
本发明的再一个方面提供了化合物(I)的晶型,下文称为化合物(I)A型。化合物(I)A型为结晶,并当在波长测量时提供基本上如图1所示的X射线粉末衍射图。化合物(I)A型的XRPD(X-raypowder diffraction,X射线粉末衍射)图的大部分主峰(2θ值)列于表1中。表1中的2θ值测量精度为+/-0.1°。
表1
化合物(I)A型可以按照下文实施例1中所描述的方法来制备。
相应地,在本发明的一个实施方案中提供了化合物(I)A型,其特征在于当在波长测量时,所述A型的X射线粉末衍射图具有至少一个选自表1+/-0.1°的2θ值特定峰。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,提供了化合物(I)A型,其特征在于当在波长测量时,所述A型的X射线粉末衍射图具有至少两个选自表1+/-0.1°的2θ值特定峰(例如至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个峰)。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,提供了化合物(I)A型,其特征在于所述A型具有基本上如图1所示的X射线粉末衍射图。
化合物(I)A型为结晶。适当地,化合物(I)A型基本上不含有化合物(I)的其它结晶和非结晶形式。例如,化合物(I)A型适当地含有以重量计小于20%、15%、10%、5%、3%或特别地小于1%的化合物(I)的其它结晶和非结晶形式。
当在本文中提及化合物(I)A型为结晶时,适当地,通过X射线粉末衍射数据测定的结晶度为例如大于约60%,例如大于约80%,具体地大于约90%,更具体地大于约95%。在本发明的实施方案中,通过X射线粉末衍射数据测定的结晶度大于约98%,其中结晶度百分数指全部样品质量中的结晶以重量计的百分数。
在本领域中已知的是,可得到具有一种或多种测量误差的X射线粉末衍射图,所述测量误差取决于测量条件(例如设备、样品制备或所用机器)。具体地,公知的是,X射线粉末衍射图中的强度可取决于测量条件和样品制备而波动。例如,X射线粉末衍射领域的技术人员会了解,峰的相对强度可根据在测试下样品的取向和所用仪器的类型和设定而变化。所述技术人员还会了解,反射位置可受样品摆放在衍射仪中的精确高度和衍射仪的零点校准的影响。样品的表面平面性也可具有小的影响。因此本领域技术人员应当理解的是,本文所展示的衍射图数据不能被认作是绝对的,并且提供与本文所公开的粉末衍射图基本上一致的任何晶型落入本公开范围内(更多信息参见Jenkins,R & Snyder,R.L.‘Introduction to X-Ray PowderDiffractometry’John Wiley & Sons,1996)。
化合物(I)可以用WO2008/135791所描述的类似方法并按本文实施例中说明的来制备。
本发明的再一个方面提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐的制备方法,该方法包括:
方法(a):
使式(II)化合物或其盐与二乙胺反应,所述式(II)化合物为:
其中Lg为离去基团;
或
方法(b)
使式(III)化合物或其盐与2-(二乙基氨基)乙酸或其盐进行偶联反应,并此后任选地形成化合物(I)的可药用盐,所述式(III)化合物为:
方法(a)的条件
在式(II)化合物中以Lg表示的离去基团的实例包括卤素(例如氯、溴或碘)、甲磺酸酯(甲磺酰氧基)、三氟甲磺酸酯(三氟甲磺酰氧基)、苯磺酸酯(苯磺酰氧基)或甲苯磺酸酯(甲苯磺酰氧基)。
所述反应适合在溶剂的存在下进行,所述溶剂例如极性非质子性溶剂如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜或非极性有机溶剂如甲苯。所述反应适合在室温至反应混合物的回流温度的温度进行,特别是在室温。
式(II)化合物可通过例如以下方法来制备:使上文关于方法(a)定义的式(III)化合物或其盐与式(IV)化合物反应,所述式(IV)化合物为:
(IV)
其中Lg和Lg1为离去基团。
离去基团Lg和Lg1可以相同或不同,条件是Lg1比Lg更不稳定。可能的离去基团如上文关于方法(a)所定义的离去基团。Lg1适当地为卤素,例如氯。在一个实施方案中,Lg和Lg1都为氯。
通过使式(III)和(IV)化合物反应,接着与二乙胺反应,可方便地从式(III)化合物直接制备式(I)化合物,而无需分离式(III)化合物。
方法(b)的条件
适合地,所述偶联反应在适当偶联试剂的存在下和任选地在适当碱的存在下进行。适当偶联剂的实例例如为O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐。所述碱可例如为有机胺碱如三乙胺。适合地,2-(二乙基氨基)乙酸以盐如盐酸盐的形式使用。所述偶联反应适合在适当的溶剂,例如,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮的存在下,在例如0至60℃的温度,方便地在室温进行。
式(III)化合物或其盐可以通过以下方法来制备:使式(V)化合物或其盐在适当还原剂的存在下与2-(3-甲酰基苯基)乙酸甲酯反应,所述式(V)化合物为:
--甲酰基苯基
还原剂的实例包括氢化物还原剂,例如碱金属铝氢化物如氢化铝锂,或适当地,碱金属硼氢化物如硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠、三乙基硼氢化钠、三甲氧基硼氢化钠和三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠。所述反应在适当惰性溶剂或稀释剂的存在下方便地进行,对于较强还原剂如氢化铝锂,所述适当惰性溶剂或稀释剂例如为四氢呋喃或乙醚,以及对于不太强的还原剂如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠和氰基硼氢化钠,所述适当惰性溶剂或稀释剂例如为二氯甲烷或质子性溶剂如甲醇和乙醇。一种具体的还原剂为氰基硼氢化钠。所述反应在例如0至100℃,如0至40℃的温度范围内进行,或方便地在环境温度或者接近环境温度的温度进行。所述反应可以任选地在酸如有机酸的存在下进行,例如醋酸。
式(V)的化合物适当地以盐的形式使用,例如作为盐酸盐。
式(V)的化合物可以用已知的方法如本文实施例中所描述的方法来制备。
本领域技术人员应理解的是,在本发明的方法中,试剂中的某些官能团如羟基或氨基基团可能需要用保护基团保护。因此,化合物(I)的制备可能在适当阶段涉及一种或多种保护基团的脱除。
官能团的保护和去保护在J.W.F.McOmie编辑的'Protective Groups inOrganic Chemistry',Plenum Press(1973)以及T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts的'Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis',3rdedition,Wiley-Interscience(1999)中有描述。
采用标准技术的任何保护基团的脱除和化合物(I)的可药用盐的形成都在普通有机化学工作人员的技术范围之内。例如化合物(I)的盐可通过化合物(I)与适当的酸反应来制备。可选择地,可使用公知的抗衡离子交换法将一种盐转化为另一种。
在化合物(I)的制备中使用的某些中间体是新的,包括式(II)和(III)化合物。这些中间体形成了本发明的另一个方面。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了上文所定义的式(II)化合物或其盐。例如(3-{[{4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}(氯乙酰基)氨基]甲基}苯基)乙酸甲酯,或其盐。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了上文所定义的式(III)的化合物或其盐。例如,{3-[({4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}氨基)甲基]苯基}乙酸甲酯。
本文所描述的中间体可以以盐的形式来使用。所述盐可以是可药用盐,如上文提到的与化合物(I)有关的盐的一种。可选择地,如果需要,中间体(其不是可药用盐)可以以盐的形式来使用。这些盐可以有利地用于本发明化合物的合成中,例如由于有利的物理和/或化学性质,如结晶性。
化合物(I)和其可药用盐具有安药(antedrug)性质。安药被定义为一种活性合成衍生物,其被设计成一进入到体循环就生物转化成为可容易排出的低活性形式,因此降低全身副作用。因此,本发明的化合物一给药就迅速被酶解而生成具有基本上降低的药物作用的降解产物。本文所定义的药物作用意指本发明的化合物的药理学活性,具体地,包括干扰素诱导的活性和/或遏制IL-4/IL-5产物活性。
优选地,所述降解产物的药物作用是本发明化合物(即母体化合物)的药物作用的十分之一,更优选为百分之一。
所述药理学活性可用本领域已知的方法测量,优选采用体外评价方法如可商购的ELISA试剂盒或本文所描述的生物测定。
疾病和医学病症
根据本发明的化合物(I)或其可药用盐可用作TLR7活性调节剂,并预期提供免疫调节作用,并因此可用作与异常免疫应答相关的疾病(例如自身免疫病和变应性疾病)以及需要激活免疫应答的多种感染和癌症的治疗剂和预防剂。化合物(I)或其可药用盐还可用作疫苗佐剂。例如,可将化合物(I)或其可药用盐给予包括人类的哺乳动物,用于治疗下列病症或疾病:
1.呼吸道:气道的阻塞性疾病,包括:哮喘,包括支气管哮喘、变应性哮喘、内源性哮喘、外源性哮喘、运动诱发性哮喘、药物诱发性(包括阿司匹林和NSAID诱发的)和粉尘诱发性哮喘,包括间歇性的及持续性的,和所有严重度的哮喘及其它诱因引起的气道高应答性;慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD);支气管炎,包括传染性支气管炎和嗜酸性支气管炎;肺气肿;支气管扩张;囊性纤维化;结节病;农民肺及相关疾病;超敏感性肺炎;肺纤维化,包括隐原性纤维化肺泡炎、特发性间质性肺炎、抗肿瘤治疗和包括结核病和曲霉病及其它真菌感染的慢性感染并发的纤维化;肺移植的并发症;肺血管的血管炎和血栓性障碍及肺动脉高压;镇咳活性,包括治疗与气道炎症和分泌情况相关的慢性咳嗽及医源性咳嗽;急性鼻炎和慢性鼻炎,包括药物性鼻炎及血管运动性鼻炎;常年性和季节性变应性鼻炎,包括神经性鼻炎(花粉症);鼻息肉;急性病毒感染,包括普通感冒,和呼吸道合胞体病毒、流行性感冒、冠状病毒(包括SARS)和腺病毒导致的感染;
2.皮肤:牛皮癣、特应性皮炎、接触性皮炎或其它湿疹性皮肤病和迟发型超敏反应;植物性和光照性皮炎;脂溢性皮炎、疱疹样皮炎、光化性角化病、扁平苔癣、硬化萎缩性苔癣、坏疽性脓皮症、皮肤结节病、盘状红斑狼疮、天疱疮、类天疱疮、大疱性表皮松解、荨麻疹、血管性水肿、血管炎、中毒性红斑、皮肤嗜酸性粒细胞增多、斑秃、男性型秃发、斯威特综合征、韦-克综合征、多形性红斑;传染性和非传染性蜂窝组织炎;脂膜炎;血管瘤;癌前皮肤病变;基底细胞癌,例如浅表性基底细胞癌、结节性基底细胞癌和博温病(bowen’s disease);皮肤淋巴瘤、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌和其它发育不良性病变;药物诱发的障碍,包括固定性药疹;皮肤瘢痕化,包括瘢痕瘤(keloids);皮肤感染,包括病毒性皮肤感染;和化妆品效应,包括光损伤的皮肤;
3.眼睛:睑炎;结膜炎,包括常年性和春季变应性结膜炎;虹膜炎;前色素层炎和后色素层炎;脉络膜炎;影响视网膜的自身免疫性、退行性或炎症性病症;眼炎,包括交感性眼炎;结节病;感染,包括病毒、真菌和细菌感染;
4.泌尿生殖系统:肾炎包括间质性肾炎和肾小球肾炎;肾病综合征;膀胱炎包括急性和慢性(间质性)膀胱炎和杭纳溃疡;急性和慢性尿道炎、前列腺炎、附睾炎、卵巢炎和输卵管炎;女阴阴道炎;佩罗尼氏病;勃起机能障碍(男性和女性);
5.同种异体移植物排异:在例如,肾脏、心脏、肝脏、肺、骨髓、皮肤或角膜移植后或输血后出现的急性和慢性同种异体移植物排异;或慢性移植物抗宿主病;
6.其它自身免疫性和变应性病症:包括风湿性关节炎、肠易激综合征、全身性红斑狼疮、多重硬化症、桥本甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯病、阿狄森病、糖尿病、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、嗜酸细胞性筋膜炎、高IgE综合征、抗磷脂综合征,及塞扎里综合征(Sazary syndrome);
7.肿瘤:对一般癌症,包括前列腺、乳腺、肺、卵巢、胰腺、肠和结肠、胃、皮肤及脑肿瘤和影响骨髓(包括白血病)和淋巴组织增生系统的恶性肿瘤的治疗,如何杰金氏和非何杰金氏淋巴瘤;包括对转移性疾病和肿瘤复发,和副肿瘤综合征的预防和治疗;和
8.传染病:病毒性疾病,如生殖器疣、普通疣、足底疣、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、单纯疱疹病毒、传染性软疣、天花、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)、鼻病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒、流行性感冒、副流行性感冒;细菌性疾病如结核病和鸟分支杆菌病、麻风病;其它传染病,如真菌性疾病、衣原体病、念珠菌属病、曲霉病、隐球菌性脑膜炎、卡氏肺囊虫肺炎、隐孢子虫病、组织胞浆菌病、弓形体病、锥虫感染和利什曼病。
由此,本发明提供用于治疗的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐在制备用于治疗的药物中的用途。
在本说明书的上下文中,除非有相反的特定说明,术语“治疗”还包括“预防”。术语“治疗的”和“在治疗上”应相应地来解释。
预防是预期与先前经历过所讨论的疾病或病症的发作或以其它方式被认为处在所讨论的疾病或病症的增加的患病危险之下的人的治疗特别相关的。处在演变成具体疾病或病症危险之下的人通常包括那些有所述疾病或病症家族史的人,或那些通过基因测试或筛选检查已被确认为特别容易演变成所述疾病或病症的人。
具体地,根据本发明的化合物(I)或其可药用盐可以用在哮喘、COPD、变应性鼻炎、变应性结膜炎、癌症、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、HIV、HPV、细菌感染或上文所列的皮肤病(例如,特应性皮炎、光化性角化病、癌前皮肤病变或皮肤病毒感染)的治疗中。化合物(I)或其可药用盐还可以用作疫苗佐剂。
相应地,作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了用在哮喘、COPD或变应性鼻炎治疗中的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了用在哮喘治疗中的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了用在COPD治疗中的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了用在变应性鼻炎治疗中的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了用作疫苗佐剂的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了用在如上文所描述的皮肤病(例如特应性皮炎、光化性角化病、癌前病变或皮肤病毒感染)治疗中的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗哮喘、COPD或变应性鼻炎。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗哮喘。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗COPD。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗变应性鼻炎。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗如上文所描述的皮肤病(例如特应性皮炎、光化性角化病、癌前病变或皮肤病毒感染)。
作为本发明的另一个方面,提供了化合物(I)或其可药用盐作为疫苗佐剂在制备疫苗中的用途,所述疫苗用于治疗疾病或病症。
本发明因此提供了在患有炎症性疾病或处在炎症性疾病发病危险下的患者中治疗炎症性疾病的方法,其包括对所述患者给予治疗有效量的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
本发明还提供了在患有气道疾病(例如可逆的阻塞性气道疾病如哮喘)或处在气道疾病(例如可逆的阻塞性气道疾病如哮喘)发病危险下的患者中治疗气道疾病(例如可逆的阻塞性气道疾病如哮喘)的方法,其包括对患者给予治疗有效量的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
本发明还提供了治疗包括或起因于异常细胞生长的疾病或病症(例如,癌症),或降低其风险的方法,该方法包括对有需要的患者给予治疗有效量的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
本发明还提供了治疗如上文所描述的皮肤疾病或病症(例如特应性皮炎、光化性角化病、癌前病变或皮肤病毒感染),或降低其风险的方法,该方法包括对有需要的患者给予治疗有效量的化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
本发明还提供了治疗疾病或病症,或降低其风险的方法,该方法包括对有需要的患者给予治疗有效量的疫苗和本文所定义的化合物(I)的盐或盐的溶剂化物。
本发明还提供了在患者中增加对疫苗的应答的方法,该方法包括对有需要的患者给予治疗有效量的疫苗和化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
为了上述治疗用途,给药剂量当然会随给药方式、希望的治疗和所指示的障碍而改变。例如,如果吸入的话,化合物(I)或其可药用盐的日剂量可为0.05微克每千克体重(μg/kg)至100微克每千克体重(μg/kg)。例如约0.1至100μg/kg的剂量如约0.1、0.5、1、1.5、2、5、10、20、50或100μg/kg的剂量。可选择地,如果化合物(I)或其可药用盐口服给药,那么日剂量可为0.01微克每千克体重(μg/kg)至100毫克每千克体重(mg/kg)。例如约0.1至100μg/kg的口服剂量如约1、2、5、10、20、50或100μg/kg的剂量。
本文所叙述的剂量指化合物(I)作为游离碱的剂量。相应地,因为盐相对于游离碱的分子量有增加,所以具体的盐的当量剂量会更高。
根据本发明的化合物可以单独使用,但通常以药物组合物的形式来给药,在该药物组合物中,化合物(I)或其可药用盐与可药用的辅料、稀释剂或载体组合。选择和制备适当药物制剂的常规操作步骤在,例如,"Pharmaceuticals-The Science of Dosage Form Designs",M.E.Aulton,Churchill Livingstone,1988中有描述。
取决于给药方式,所述药物组合物可包含0.05至99%w(以重量计的百分比),更优选0.05至80%w,再更优选0.10至70%w,并再更优选0.10至50%w的化合物(I),以重量计的所有百分比都是基于全部组合物的。
本发明还提供了药物组合物,其包含化合物(I)或其可药用盐和可药用的辅料、稀释剂或载体。
本发明还提供了制备本发明药物组合物的方法,其包括将化合物(I)或其可药用盐与可药用的辅料、稀释剂或载体混和。
所述药物组合物可以以例如,乳膏剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、七氟烷烃(HFA)气溶胶和干粉剂的形式来局部给药(例如给药至皮肤或肺和/或气道(经口腔或鼻吸入)给药),例如,在被称为的吸入器设备中的制剂;或全身性给药,例如通过以片剂、胶囊剂、糖浆剂、粉末剂或颗粒剂的形式口服给药;或通过以溶液剂或混悬剂的形式肠胃外给药;或通过皮下给药;或通过以栓剂的形式直肠给药;或经皮给药。
对于口服给药,本发明的化合物可与辅料或者载体混合,然后压缩成片剂,所述辅料或者载体为例如乳糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇;淀粉,例如土豆淀粉、玉米淀粉或者支链淀粉;纤维素衍生物;粘合剂,例如明胶或者聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮;和/或者润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、聚乙二醇、蜂蜡、石蜡等。如果需要包衣片,如上所述制备的芯可以用浓的糖溶液包衣,所述浓的糖溶液可含有例如阿拉伯胶、明胶、滑石和二氧化钛。可选择地,该片剂可用溶于易挥发有机溶剂中的适当聚合物包衣。
对于软明胶胶囊剂的制备,本发明的化合物可与例如植物油或者聚乙二醇混合。硬明胶胶囊剂可使用上面提到的片剂赋形剂来包含该化合物的颗粒。也可将本发明的化合物的液体或者半固体制剂填充到硬明胶胶囊中。
口服应用的液体制剂可以是糖浆剂或者混悬剂,例如含有本发明的化合物的溶液剂,其余物质为糖及乙醇、水、甘油和丙二醇的混合物。任选地,这样的液体制剂可含有着色剂、矫味剂、糖精和/或者作为增稠剂的羧甲基纤维素或者本领域技术人员已知的其它赋形剂。
供吸入给药的药物组合物
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物经吸入(口腔或鼻)给药。
化合物(I)或其可药用盐可以用适当的递送装置来给药,例如干粉吸入器、计量剂量吸入器、雾化器或鼻递送装置。这些装置是已知的。
在再一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物是借助于干粉吸入器(DPI)来给药的。
所述DPI可以是“被动的”或呼吸引动的(breath-actuated),或“主动的”,其中所述粉末是通过有别于患者吸入的某些机械装置来分散的,例如,压缩空气的内部供给。目前,有三种类型的被动干粉吸入器可用:单剂量吸入器、多单位剂量吸入器或多剂量(贮器)吸入器。在单剂量装置中,单个剂量通常以明胶胶囊来提供,并在使用之前需要装载到吸入器中,其实例包括(Aventis)、(GlaxoSmithKline)、AeroliserTM(Novartis)、(Boehringer)和Eclipse(Aventis)装置。多单位剂量吸入器包含若干单独包装的剂量,以多个明胶胶囊的形式或以泡罩(blisters)的形式。其实例包括(GlaxoSmithKline)、(GlaxoSmithKline)和(Boehringer)装置。在多剂量装置中,药物被储存在可从中计量单个剂量的散装粉末贮器中,其实例包括(AstraZeneca)、(Orion)、(ASTA Medica)、(Innovata Biomed)和(Chiesi)装置。
在DPI中使用的可吸入性药物组合物或干粉制剂可通过以下方法制备:将细碎的活性成分(质量中位直径通常等于或小于10μm,优选等于或小于5μm)与载体物质混合,所述载体物质例如为单糖、二糖或多糖、糖醇或其它多元醇。适合的载体为糖类或糖醇类,例如,乳糖、葡萄糖、棉子糖、松三糖、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、海藻糖、蔗糖、甘露醇;和淀粉。所述载体颗粒可具有20至1000μm的质量中位直径,更常见的是50至500μm。若有需要,可将所述粉末混合物随后分配至硬明胶胶囊中,各含有所需剂量的活性成分。
可选择地,可吸入性药物组合物可通过以下方法制备:将细碎的粉末(例如由细碎的活性成分和细碎的载体颗粒组成)加工成在吸入过程中破裂的球。将这种滚圆(spheronized)的粉末填充至多剂量吸入器的药物贮器中,例如,称为的多剂量吸入器,其中剂量计量单元量取随后为患者所吸入的所需剂量。
相应地,本发明还提供了干粉吸入器,具体而言是含有本发明可吸入的药物组合物的多单位剂量干粉吸入器。
在再一个实施方案中,化合物(I)或其可药用盐借助于计量剂量吸入器(MDI)来给药,具体而言是加压计量剂量吸入器(pMDI)。所述pMDI在加压的容器中含有作为适当的溶液或混悬液的活性物质。所述活性物质通过引动pMDI装置上的阀门来递送。引动可以是手动的或呼吸引动的。在手动引动pMDI中,所述装置是当使用者吸入时由使用者引动的,例如通过按压pMDI装置上适当的释放机械装置。呼吸引动的pMDI是当患者经pMDI的口承(mouthpiece)吸入时引动的。由于所述装置的引动与患者的吸入同步,这样做会方便,并且这样能产生更一致的活性物质剂量计量。pMDI装置的实例包括(AstraZeneca)。
在pMDI中使用的可吸入性药物组合物可通过以下方法制备:将化合物(I)或其可药用盐溶解于或分散于适合的抛射剂中,并使用或不使用另外的赋形剂,所述赋形剂如溶剂(例如乙醇)、表面活性剂、润滑剂、防腐剂或稳定剂。适合的抛射剂包括烃、氯氟烃和氢氟烷烃(例如七氟烷烃)抛射剂,或任何这些抛射剂的混合物。适合的抛射剂为P134a和P227,各自可单独使用或与其它抛射剂和/或表面活性剂和/或其它赋形剂组合使用。当化合物(I)或其可药用盐作为混悬剂使用时,所述化合物适合以细碎的形式(质量中位直径通常等于或小于10μm,优选等于或小于5μm)存在。
在再一个实施方案中,化合物(I)或其可药用盐借助于与间隔器(spacer)组合的计量剂量吸入器来给药。适合的间隔器是已知的,并包括(AstraZeneca)或(GSK)。
在再一个实施方案中,化合物(I)或其可药用盐借助于雾化器来给药。适合的雾化器是已知的。
在雾化器中使用的可吸入的药物组合物可通过将化合物(I)或其可药用盐分散于或优选溶解于适当的含水介质中来制备。所述组合物还可以包括例如适当的pH和/或张力调节剂、表面活性剂和防腐剂。在再一个实施方案中,化合物(I)或其可药用盐是从适当的鼻递送装置中以喷雾剂来经鼻给药的,例如喷雾泵或适合于鼻递送的MDI。可选择地,所述盐可以使用适当的DPI装置例如 (AstraZeneca)以粉末剂来经鼻给药。
在喷雾泵或MDI鼻递送装置中使用的经鼻可吸入的药物组合物可通过以下方法制备:将化合物(I)或其可药用盐分散于或溶解于与上述经MDI装置吸入的含水介质相似的适当的含水介质。适用于鼻递送的干粉组合物如上文关于DPI递送所描述的一样。然而,在需要限制所述化合物对肺的渗透并保持所述化合物在鼻腔中的情况下,有使用更大粒径化合物的必要,例如具有大于约10μm的平均颗粒直径,例如10μm至50μm。
相应地,本发明还提供了含有可吸入的本发明药物组合物的适用于经鼻给药的吸入器装置(例如干粉吸入器,具体而言是多单位剂量干粉吸入器,或pMDI吸入器)。
外用局部给药的药物组合物
当化合物(I)或其可药用盐作为外用局部药物组合物来给药时,适合的组合物包括,例如,软膏剂、洗剂、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、胶带剂、透皮贴剂、敷剂(cataplasms)或外部给药的粉末剂。
软膏剂、乳膏剂和凝胶剂适合含有约0.01-10w/w%量的化合物(I),且还含有例如一种或多种另外的赋形剂(包括增稠剂)、水性或油性的基质、胶凝剂或溶剂。适合的水性/油性基质包括水和/或油如液态石蜡、植物油如花生油或蓖麻油。适合的溶剂的实例包括聚乙二醇。适合的增稠和胶凝剂的实例包括软石蜡、硬脂酸铝、十六/十八醇、聚乙二醇、羊脂、蜂蜡、羧基聚亚甲基和纤维素衍生物(carboxypolymethylene and cellulose derivatives)、单硬脂酸甘油酯和/或非离子乳化剂。
洗剂适合含有约0.01-10w/w%量的化合物(I),且还含有例如一种或多种另外的赋形剂(包括水性或油性的基质)、乳化剂、稳定剂、分散剂沉淀抑制剂或增稠剂。
外用的粉末剂适合含有0.01-10w/w%量的化合物(I),并可以用适合的粉状基质如滑石、乳糖和淀粉来配制。
外用局部给药的药物组合物可具体适用于治疗本文所述皮肤病(例如特应性皮炎、光化性角化病、癌前病变或皮肤病毒感染)。
化合物(I)或其可药用盐还可以和用于治疗上述病症的其它化合物联合给药。
本发明因此还涉及用于治疗以上所列一种或多种病症的组合疗法,其中化合物(I)或其可药用盐与其它一种或多种治疗剂同时给药或顺序给药或作为组合制剂给药。例如化合物(I)或其可药用盐可以与一种或多种以下所列药剂联用:
非甾体抗炎剂(在下文中称为NSAID),包括局部应用或者全身应用的非选择性环氧合酶COX-1/COX-2抑制剂(如,吡罗昔康;双氯芬酸;丙酸类,如萘普生、氟比洛芬、非诺洛芬、酮洛芬和布洛芬;芬那酸类(fenamates),如甲芬那酸、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、阿扎丙宗;吡唑酮类,如保泰松;水杨酸酯类,如阿司匹林);选择性COX-2抑制剂(如美洛昔康、塞来昔布、罗非昔布、伐地考昔、鲁米考昔(lumarocoxib)、帕瑞考昔和艾托考昔);环氧合酶抑制性一氧化氮供体(CINOD);糖皮质激素(通过局部、口服、肌内、静脉内途径或者通过关节内途径来给药);甲氨蝶呤;来氟米特;羟氯喹;d-青霉胺;金诺芬或其它肠胃外或口服金制剂;镇痛药;双醋瑞因;关节内治疗剂,例如透明质酸衍生物;和营养补剂,如葡糖胺。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:细胞因子,或细胞因子功能的激动剂或拮抗剂(包括作用于细胞因子信号传导路径的药物,如SOCS系统的调节剂),包括α-、β-和γ-干扰素;I型胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1);白介素(IL),包括IL1至23,和白介素拮抗剂或抑制剂如阿那白滞素;肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)抑制剂,如抗TNF单克隆抗体(例如英夫利昔单抗、阿达木单抗和CDP-870)和TNF受体拮抗剂,包括免疫球蛋白分子(如依那西普),和低分子量药物如己酮可可碱(pentoxyfylline)。
另外,本发明涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:靶向于B淋巴细胞的单克隆抗体(如CD20(利妥昔单抗)、MRA-aILl6R)和靶向于T淋巴细胞的单克隆抗体(CTLA4-Ig(阿巴西普)、HuMaxIl-15)。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:趋化因子受体功能调节剂,如CCR1、CCR2、CCR2A、CCR2B、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR6、CCR7、CCR8、CCR9、CCR10和CCR11(C-C家族)的拮抗剂;CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4和CXCR5(C-X-C家族)的拮抗剂;和C-X3-C家族CX3CR1的拮抗剂。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:基质金属蛋白酶(MMP),即,溶基质素、胶原酶和明胶酶,以及聚集蛋白聚糖酶;尤其是胶原酶-1(MMP-1)、胶原酶-2(MMP-8)、胶原酶-3(MMP-13)、溶基质素-1(MMP-3)、溶基质素-2(MMP-10)和溶基质素-3(MMP-11)以及MMP-9及MMP-12的抑制剂,包括药剂,如多西环素。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:白三烯生物合成抑制剂、5-脂氧合酶(5-LO)抑制剂或5-脂氧合酶活化蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂,如齐留通;ABT-761;芬留顿;替泊沙林;Abbott-79175;Abbott-85761;N-(5-取代的)-噻吩-2-烷基磺酰胺;2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚腙;甲氧基四氢吡喃,如ZenecaZD-2138;化合物SB-210661;吡啶基取代的2-氰基萘化合物,如L-739,010;2-氰基喹啉化合物,如L-746,530;或吲哚或喹啉化合物,如MK-591、MK-886和BAYx1005。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:白三烯(LT)B4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4的受体拮抗剂,选自含吩噻嗪-3-1基团的化合物(phenothiazin-3-1s),如L-651,392;脒基化合物,如CGS-25019c;苯并噁唑胺(benzoxalamines),如昂唑司特;苯甲脒(benzenecarboximidamides),如BIIL284/260;和化合物,如扎鲁司特、阿鲁司特、孟鲁司特、普仑司特、维鲁司特(MK-679)、RG-12525、Ro-245913、伊拉司特(CGP45715A)和BAYx7195。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂,如甲基黄嘌呤,包括茶碱和氨茶碱;选择性PDE同工酶抑制剂,包括PDE4抑制剂、同工型PDE4D抑制剂,或PDE5抑制剂。
本发明还涉及口服、局部或肠胃外给药的本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:组胺1型受体拮抗剂,如西替利嗪、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定、非索非那定、阿伐斯汀、特非那定、阿司咪唑、氮斯汀、左卡巴斯汀、氯苯那敏、异丙嗪、赛克力嗪或咪唑斯汀。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与质子泵抑制剂(如奥美拉唑)或胃保护性组胺2型受体拮抗剂的组合。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与组胺4型受体拮抗剂的组合。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:α1/α2肾上腺素受体激动剂、血管收缩药、拟交感神经药,如丙己君、去氧肾上腺素、苯丙醇胺、麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、盐酸萘甲唑啉、盐酸羟甲唑啉、盐酸四氢唑啉、盐酸赛洛唑啉、盐酸曲马唑啉或盐酸乙基去甲肾上腺素。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:抗胆碱能药,包括毒蕈碱受体(M1、M2和M3)拮抗剂,如阿托品、东莨菪碱、格隆溴铵(glycopyrrrolate)、异丙托溴铵、噻托溴铵、氧托溴铵、哌仑西平、替仑西平、托特罗定或阿地溴铵(aclidinium bromide)。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:β-肾上腺素受体激动剂(包括β受体亚型1-4),如异丙肾上腺素、沙丁胺醇、福莫特罗、沙美特罗、特布他林、奥西那林、甲磺酸比托特罗或吡布特罗或其手性对映异构体、茚达特罗、milveterol、卡莫特罗、奥达特罗(先前称作BI1744CL),例如作为盐酸盐,维兰特罗(先前称作GW642444),例如作为三苯基醋酸(trifenatate)(三苯基醋酸(triphenylacetete))盐。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:色原酮,如色甘酸钠或奈多罗米钠。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物或其可药用盐与以下物质的组合:糖皮质激素,如氟尼缩松、曲安西龙缩酮、二丙酸倍氯米松、布地奈德、丙酸氟替卡松、糠酸氟替卡松、环索奈德或糠酸莫米松。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:调节细胞核激素受体如PPAR的药剂。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:免疫球蛋白(Ig)或Ig制品或调节Ig功能的拮抗剂或抗体,如抗IgE(例如奥马珠单抗)。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:另一种全身或局部应用的抗炎药,如沙利度胺或其衍生物、维甲酸、地蒽酚或卡泊三醇。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:氨基水杨酸酯和磺胺吡啶如柳氮磺吡啶、美沙拉嗪、巴柳氮和奥沙拉嗪的组合;和免疫调节剂如硫代嘌呤,及皮质激素如布地奈德。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:抗菌剂,如青霉素衍生物、四环素、大环内酯、β-内酰胺、氟喹诺酮、甲硝唑、吸入性氨基糖苷;抗病毒剂,包括阿昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、西多福韦、金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、利巴韦林、扎那米韦和奥司他韦;蛋白酶抑制剂,如茚地那韦、那非那韦、利托那韦和沙奎那韦;核苷逆转录酶抑制剂,如去羟肌苷、拉米夫定、司他夫定、扎西他滨或齐多夫定;或非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂,如奈韦拉平或依法韦仑。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:心血管药,如钙通道阻滞剂、β-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂、血管紧张素-2受体拮抗剂;降脂药,如他汀类或贝特类;血细胞形态调节剂,如己酮可可碱;溶血栓药或抗凝血药,如血小板聚集抑制剂。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与下列物质的组合:CNS药剂,如抗抑郁剂(如舍曲林),抗帕金森病药物(如司来吉兰、左旋多巴、罗匹尼罗、普拉克索、MAOB抑制剂如司来吉兰(selegine)和雷沙吉兰、comP抑制剂如托卡朋、A-2抑制剂、多巴胺重摄取抑制剂、NMDA拮抗剂、烟碱激动剂、多巴胺激动剂或神经元一氧化氮合酶抑制剂),或抗阿尔茨海默病药物如多奈哌齐、利伐斯的明、他克林、COX-2抑制剂、丙戊茶碱或美曲磷酯(metrifonate)。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:用于治疗急性或慢性疼痛的药剂,如在中枢或外周发挥作用的镇痛药(如阿片样物质或其衍生物)、卡马西平、苯妥英、丙戊酸钠、阿米替林(amitryptiline)或其它抗抑郁药、对乙酰氨基酚或非甾体抗炎药。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:肠胃外或局部应用的(包括吸入的)局部麻醉药,如利多卡因或其衍生物。
本发明的化合物也可与以下物质组合使用:抗骨质疏松药,包括激素药物如雷洛昔芬,或二膦酸盐如阿仑膦酸盐。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物与以下物质的组合:(i)类胰蛋白酶抑制剂;(ii)血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;(iii)白介素转化酶(ICE)抑制剂;(iv)IMPDH抑制剂;(v)粘附分子抑制剂,包括VLA-4拮抗剂;(vi)组织蛋白酶;(vii)激酶抑制剂,如酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(如Btk、Itk、Jak3或MAP的抑制剂,例如吉非替尼或甲磺酸伊马替尼)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(如MAP激酶如p38、JNK、蛋白激酶A、B或C,或IKK)抑制剂,或与细胞周期调节有关的激酶(如细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶)抑制剂;(viii)葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂;(ix)激肽B1受体或激肽B2受体拮抗剂;(x)抗痛风剂,例如秋水仙碱;(xi)黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,例如别嘌醇;(xii)排尿酸剂,例如丙磺舒、磺吡酮或苯溴马隆;(xiii)生长激素促泌素;(xiv)转化生长因子(TGFβ);(xv)血小板源性生长因子(PDGF);(xvi)成纤维细胞生长因子,例如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF);(xvii)粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF);(xviii)辣椒碱乳膏(capsaicincream);(xix)速激肽NK1或NK3受体拮抗剂,如NKP-608C、SB-233412(他奈坦)或D-4418;(xx)弹性酶抑制剂,如UT-77或ZD-0892;(xxi)TNF-α转化酶抑制剂(TACE);(xxii)诱导的一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)抑制剂;(xxiii)TH2细胞上表达的化学引诱物受体同源分子(如CRTH2拮抗剂);(xxiv)P38的抑制剂;(xxv)调节Toll样受体(TLR)功能的药剂;(xxvi)调节嘌呤能受体如P2X7活性的药剂;或(xxvii)转录因子活化抑制剂,如NFkB、API或STATS。
本发明的化合物还可以与现有用于癌症治疗的治疗剂组合使用,例如适合的药剂包括:
(i)在医用肿瘤学中使用的抗增殖/抗肿瘤药或其组合,例如烷基化剂(例如顺铂、卡铂、环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安或亚硝基脲);抗代谢剂(例如抗叶酸剂,例如氟嘧啶样5-氟尿嘧啶或替加氟、雷替曲塞、甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷、羟基脲、吉西他滨或紫杉醇);抗肿瘤抗生素(例如蒽环类抗生素,例如阿霉素、博来霉素、多柔比星、柔红霉素、表柔比星、伊达比星、丝裂霉素C、更生霉素或光辉霉素);抗有丝分裂剂(例如长春花属生物碱,例如长春新碱、长春碱、长春地辛或长春瑞滨;或紫杉烷,例如泰素(taxol)或泰索帝(taxotere));或拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如表鬼臼毒素,例如依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、安沙可林、托泊替康或喜树碱);
(ii)细胞生长抑制药,例如抗雌激素药(例如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬或iodoxyfene);雌激素受体下调剂(例如氟维司群);抗雄激素药(例如比卡鲁胺、氟他胺、尼鲁米特或乙酸环丙孕酮);LHRH拮抗剂或LHRH激动剂(例如戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林或布舍瑞林);孕激素(例如乙酸甲地孕酮);芳构酶(aromatase)抑制剂(例如为阿那曲唑、来曲唑、伏氯唑(vorazole)或依西美坦);或5α-还原酶抑制剂(例如非那雄胺);
(iii)抑制癌细胞侵入的药物(例如金属蛋白酶抑制剂(例如马立马司他(marimastat))或尿激酶纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂受体功能抑制剂);
(iv)生长因子功能抑制剂,例如:生长因子抗体(例如抗erbb2抗体曲妥单抗或抗erbb1抗体西妥昔单抗[C225]);法尼基转移酶抑制剂;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂;表皮生长因子家族抑制剂(例如EGFR家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-甲氧基-6-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(吉非替尼,AZD1839)、N-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(埃罗替尼(erlotinib),OSI-774)或6-丙烯酰氨基-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(CI1033));血小板源性生长因子家族抑制剂;或肝细胞生长因子家族抑制剂;
(v)抗血管生成药,例如抑制血管内皮生长因子作用的抗血管生成药(例如抗血管内皮细胞生长因子抗体贝伐单抗、在WO97/22596、WO97/30035、WO97/32856或WO98/13354中披露的化合物);或通过另一种机制发挥作用的化合物(例如利诺胺、整联蛋白αvβ3功能抑制剂或血管生长抑素);
(vi)血管损伤剂,例如考布他汀A4或在WO99/02166、WO00/40529、WO00/41669、WO01/92224、WO02/04434或WO02/08213中披露的化合物;
(vii)在反义治疗中使用的药物,例如指向以上所列靶标之一的反义治疗药物,例如ISIS2503、抗ras反义物;
(viii)在例如以下基因治疗方法中使用的药物:置换异常基因(例如异常的p53或异常的BRCA1或BRCA2)的方法;GDEPT(基因介导的酶前药治疗)方法,例如使用胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胸苷激酶或细菌硝基还原酶的GDEPT方法;和提高患者化疗或放疗耐受的方法,例如多种药物抵抗基因治疗;或
(ix)在例如以下免疫治疗方法中使用的药物:提高患者肿瘤细胞免疫原性的离体和在体方法,例如用细胞因子(例如白介素2、白介素4或粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)转染;降低T细胞无反应性的方法;使用转染的免疫细胞(例如细胞因子转染的树突细胞)的方法;使用细胞因子转染的肿瘤细胞系的方法;和使用抗个体基因型抗体的方法。
在又一个方面中,本发明提供了包含如上文所定义的化合物(I)或其可药用盐和一种或多种药剂的组合产品(例如用作本文所列病症如COPD、哮喘或变应性鼻炎之一的治疗的药物),其中所述一种或多种药剂独立地选自:
a)PDE4抑制剂,包括同工型PDE4D的抑制剂;
b)β-肾上腺素受体激动剂,例如间羟异丙肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol)、异丙肾上腺素(isoprenaline)、沙丁胺醇(albuterol)、舒喘灵(salbutamol)、福莫特罗、沙美特罗、特布他林、奥西那林、甲磺酸比托特罗、吡布特罗、茚达特罗或卡莫特罗;
c)毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂(例如M1、M2或M3受体拮抗剂,如选择性M3受体拮抗剂),如异丙托溴铵、噻托溴铵、氧托溴铵、哌仑西平、替仑西平、托特罗定;
d)细胞因子受体功能的调节剂(如CCR1或CCR8受体拮抗剂);
e)激酶功能的抑制剂;
f)非甾体糖皮质激素受体激动剂;
g)甾体糖皮质激素受体激动剂;
h)蛋白酶抑制剂(如MMP12或MMP9抑制剂);和
i)抗增殖剂。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供了试剂盒,该试剂盒包含第一活性成分的制剂和一种或多种第二活性成分的制剂及用于将所述制剂同时、顺序或分开给予有需要的患者的说明书,其中第一活性成分是如上文所定义的化合物(I)或其可药用盐,第二活性成分选自:
a)PDE4抑制剂,包括同工型PDE4D的抑制剂;
b)β-肾上腺素受体激动剂,例如间羟异丙肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol)、异丙肾上腺素(isoprenaline)、沙丁胺醇(albuterol)、舒喘灵(salbutamol)、福莫特罗、沙美特罗、特布他林、奥西那林、甲磺酸比托特罗、吡布特罗、茚达特罗或卡莫特罗;
c)毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂(例如M1、M2或M3受体拮抗剂,如选择性M3受体拮抗剂),如异丙托溴铵、噻托溴铵、氧托溴铵、哌仑西平、替仑西平、托特罗定;
d)细胞因子受体功能的调节剂(如CCR1或CCR8受体拮抗剂);
e)激酶功能的抑制剂;
f)非甾体糖皮质激素受体激动剂;
g)甾体糖皮质激素受体激动剂;
h)蛋白酶抑制剂(如MMP12或MMP9抑制剂);和
i)抗增殖剂。
附图说明
图1是在波长测量的化合物(I)A型的X射线粉末衍射图。x轴表示2-θ值而y轴表示强度。
图2是化合物(I)A型的差示扫描量热法(DSC)图。x轴表示温度(℃)而y轴表示热流量(瓦特/克)。
具体实施方式
实施例
现参考下列实施例来进一步说明本发明,除非另有说明,其中:
i)温度以摄氏度(℃)为单位给出;实验操作在室温或环境温度,即在18-25℃进行。
ii)通常,反应过程后实施HPLC,且给出的反应时间仅作说明之用。
iii)给出的收率仅作说明之用,并且不一定是通过勤奋的工艺开发(diligent process development)可得到的收率;若需更多原料要重复制备。
(iv)化学符号有它们通常的意思;使用SI单位和符号。
(v)溶剂比用体积:体积(v/v)术语给出。
(vi)除非另有说明,起始原料是可商购的。
(vii)除非另有说明,实施例命名是使用ACD Labs Version10(AdvancedChemistry Development,Inc.)的IUPAC命名功能生成的。
一般方法
1H NMR图谱是在298K以500MHz运行的Bruker Avance-III500光谱仪来采集的。
“RPHPLC”意指使用Waters SymmetryC8,Xterra,XBridge或Phenomenex Gemini柱的反相制备性HPLC,其中适当地使用乙腈及醋酸铵、氨水、甲酸或三氟乙酸水溶液作为缓冲液。柱色谱在硅胶上进行。术语“经过SCX”意指所述混合物被吸附在SCX上并以适当的溶剂如甲醇或乙腈洗脱,然后以氨水/甲醇洗脱出游离碱产物。
质谱在装有多模式源的Agilent100HPLCMS上进行。
X射线粉末衍射(XRPD)图是在2°至40°扫描范围内,以每0.02°增量100秒暴露,用PANalyticalX’Pert衍射仪以配置或PANalytical Cubix衍射仪以配置来测量的。X射线通过在45kV和40mA运行的铜质长细焦点管(copper long-fine focus tube)产生。铜X射线的波长为在放置~2mg所述化合物的零背景样品架上收集数据。该样品架由硅单晶制成,该单晶已沿非衍射平面切割,然后在光学无光饰面上抛光。在该表面入射的X射线为布拉格消光所抵消。
差示扫描量热法(DSC)热分析图是用TA Q2000差示扫描量热仪以铝坩埚来测量的。样品重量0.5至5mg不等。该操作过程是在氮气流(50ml/min)下和在0至300℃的研究温度以每分钟10℃恒定升温速率进行的。
热重蒸汽吸附(TGA)热分析图是用TA Q500热重分析仪以铂坩埚来测量的。样品重量1至5mg不等。该操作过程是在氮气流(60ml/min)下和在室温至300℃的研究温度以每分钟10℃的恒定升温速率进行的。
重量蒸汽吸附(GVS)图是用TA Instruments Q5000SA仪来测量的。将大约1-5mg固体样品放入金属容器中并在双循环步骤的方法(40%至90%至0%至90%至0%的相对湿度(RH),以10%RH的步长)中记录该样品的重量。
缩写
使用下列缩写。
aq. 含水的
DCM: 二氯甲烷
DMF: N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
EtOAc: 乙酸乙酯
hrs: 小时
MeCN: 乙腈
MeOH: 甲醇
MS: 质谱
mins: 分钟
rt: 室温
实施例1
(3-{[{4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}(N,N-二乙基甘氨酰基)氨基]甲基}苯基)乙酸甲酯
将{3-[({4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}氨基)甲基]苯基}乙酸甲酯(507mg)在MeCN(8mL)中的混悬液用氯乙酰氯(94μL)滴加处理,并将该混合物在室温搅拌1小时。加入DMF(3mL)并减压蒸发溶剂,除去MeCN。将该混合物在冰浴中冷却并加入二乙胺(390mg),然后在室温搅拌18小时。然后将该溶液在EtOAc和盐水中分配,合并有机相,干燥并除去溶剂。粗品经RPHPLC纯化,并部分地蒸发纯级份,除去MeCN,将剩余的水混合物冷却并通过加入固体碳酸氢钠和氯化钠来进行中和,然后将该混合物用DCM萃取。将合并的有机相干燥、过滤并减压除去溶剂,得到固体标题产物(350mg);MS多模式(+)589; 1 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO,91℃)δ7.98(d,1H),7.63(d,1H),7.43(t,1H),7.25(d,2H),7.15-7.06(m,3H),6.19(s,2H),4.73(s,2H),4.63-4.47(m,4H),3.62-3.54(m,7H),3.34(s,2H),3.21(s,2H),2.50-2.45(m,4H),1.83(s,2H),1.67(s,2H),1.15(t3H),0.87(t,6H)。
用作起始原料的{3-[({4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}氨基)甲基]苯基}乙酸甲酯按以下方法制备。
(i){4-[(3-硝基喹啉-4-基)氨基]丁基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯
历时10mins,向3-硝基喹啉-4-醇(60g)在DCM(600mL)和DMF(18mL)中的混悬液滴加氯化亚砜(29.9mL),其后在40℃加热2小时。将混合物蒸干,并在0℃将固体残余物加入4-氨基丁基氨基甲酸叔丁酯(65.3g)和三乙胺(176mL)在DCM(1000mL)中的搅拌的溶液中。将混合物在室温搅拌2小时,其后蒸干并将残余物用水研磨。在烘箱中干燥,得到固体副标题化合物(110g);MS多模式(+)361;
(ii){4-[(3-氨基喹啉-4-基)氨基]丁基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将六水合氯化镍(II)(18.4g)溶于MeOH(360mL)中并冷却至5℃。加入硼氢化钠(2.9g),接着加入步骤(i)产物(28g,)。缓慢加入更多的硼氢化钠(11.7g),并将温度保持在23℃以下,其后搅拌1小时。将反应混合物经celite过滤并将滤液倒入碳酸氢钠溶液(300mL)中。将溶剂减少一半并用氯仿萃取,将合并的有机相干燥,并除去溶剂,得到固体副标题化合物(22g);MS多模式(+)331
(iii)2-乙氧基乙酰氯
向2-乙氧基乙酸(25g)在DCM(300mL)中的溶液滴加二环己基胺(47.4mL),并搅拌1小时。其后滴加氯化亚砜(19.2mL)并将混合物搅拌3小时。将反应混合物用乙醚(ether)(600mL)稀释并过滤,蒸干滤液,得到淡棕色油状副标题化合物(30g)。
(iv){4-[2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯
在0℃,历时1小时,将步骤(iii)产物(10.38g)滴加到步骤(ii)产物(28g)在DCM(400mL)和三乙胺(11.81mL)中的溶液中,其后加热回流过夜。将反应混合物冷却至室温,并将该溶液用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,干燥并除去溶剂。粗品用硅胶纯化,得到固体副标题化合物(26g);MS多模式(+)399。
(v)1-(4-氨基丁基)-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺
将步骤(iv)产物(3g)在MeOH(100mL)中的溶液用HCl的二氧六环溶液(14.51mL,4M)处理,并将反应混合物在20℃放置3小时。减压蒸除溶剂,并将残余物与MeCN共沸,得到固体盐酸盐。将该盐溶于MeOH(100mL)中,并经过SCX柱用10%NH3/MeOH洗脱。减压蒸除溶剂并将残余物与MeCN共沸,得到固体副标题产物(2.3g);MS多模式(+)314。
(vi){3-[({4-[4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]丁基}氨基)甲基]苯基}乙酸甲酯
将步骤(v)产物(1.1g)在MeOH(30mL)中的溶液先后用醋酸(0.37mL)和2-(3-甲酰基苯基)乙酸甲酯(0.61g)处理,并在室温搅拌20分钟,其后在冰浴中冷却。加入氰基硼氢化钠(0.41g),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌3小时。减压蒸除溶剂并将残余物在EtOAc和碳酸氢钠溶液之间分配。减压蒸去有机层,并将粗品经硅胶色谱纯化,得到固体副标题化合物(1.16g);MS多模式(+)476; 1 H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ9.41(s,2H),8.95(s,2H),8.74(dd,1H),8.17(dd,1H),7.75(dd,1H),7.46-7.28(m,4H),4.94-4.74(m,4H),4.14(s,2H),3.68(s,2H),3.65-3.35(m,5H),3.00(s,2H),2.04-1.87(m,2H),1.81-1.67(m,2H),1.18(t,3H)。
实施例1中制备的化合物是结晶(化合物(I)A型)并提供了示于图1的在波长测量的XRPD图。化合物(I)A型的XRPD图的大部分主峰示于说明书中的表1中。
当在差示扫描量热仪(DSC)(条件如实施例部分所述)中加热时,化合物(I)A型展现出起始温度在约108℃的熔化吸热峰,如图2所示。
化合物(I)A型的热重蒸汽吸附(TGA)热分析图显示在所述化合物熔化前没有质量损失。
化合物(I)A型的重量蒸汽吸附(GVS)图显示在80%相对湿度在循环1中质量增加0.5%以及在循环2中质量增加0.64%。
比较实施例1
2-(3-((N-(3-(4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基)丙基)-2-(二甲基氨基)乙酰氨基)甲基)苯基)乙酸甲酯
本化合物可以用WO2008/135791实施例7所描述的方法来制备。
生物学活性
人TLR7分析方法
重组人TLR7在已经稳定表达pNiFty2-SEAP报道质粒的HEK293细胞系中稳定表达;报道基因的整合通过用抗生素zeocin选择来维持。将人TLR7最常见的变异序列(以EMBL序列AF240467来表示)克隆到哺乳动物细胞表达载体pUNO中,并转染到该报道细胞系中。具有稳定表达的转染子用抗生素杀稻瘟素来选择。在该报道细胞系中,分泌型碱性磷酸酶(SEAP)的表达通过包含与近端ELAM-1启动子组合的五个NFkB位点的NFkB/ELAM-1复合启动子来控制。TLR信号导致NFkB的易位而启动子的活化则造成SEAP基因的表达。TLR7特异性活化通过测定SEAP的水平来评定,SEAP是在0.1%(v/v)二甲亚砜(DMSO)存在下在37℃将所述细胞用标准化合物孵育过夜产生的。化合物导致的SEAP生产的浓度依赖性诱导以该化合物产生SEAP诱导的最高水平一半的化合物浓度来表示(pEC50)。
化合物(I)(实施例1)给出平均pEC507.4(n=7)。
比较实施例1给出平均pEC506.4(n=4)。
短尾猴血浆稳定性
为了测定短尾猴血浆中所述受试化合物的半衰期,在37℃振荡水浴中进行孵育。将所述受试化合物(5μL100μM的在MeCN中的原液)加入到0.495mL血浆中,使得最终的孵育浓度为1μM。在不同的时间点(通常0、20和40秒,1、2、3、5和10分钟)取出等分试样(50μL)并在MeCN(300μL)中淬灭,接着以LC-MS-MS(MRM模式)分析母体化合物。由时间范围内受试化合物峰面积的下降计算出半衰期。
化合物(I)(实施例1)给出平均半衰期1.2分钟(n=6)
比较实施例1给出半衰期11分钟(n=1)
人血浆稳定性
为了测定人血浆中所述受试化合物的半衰期,在37℃振荡水浴中进行孵育。将化合物(5μL100μM的在MeCN中的原液)加入到0.495mL血浆中,使得最终的孵育浓度为1μM。在不同的时间点(通常0、20和40秒,1、2、3、5和10分钟)取出等分试样(50μL)并在MeCN(300μL)中淬灭,接着以LC-MS-MS(MRM模式)分析母体化合物。由时间范围内受试化合物峰面积的下降计算出半衰期。
化合物(I)(实施例1)给出平均半衰期0.3分钟(n=8)
比较实施例1给出半衰期0.7分钟(n=1)
Claims (13)
1.具有式(I)的化合物或其可药用盐,所述式(I)为:
2.化合物,其具有权利要求1中所定义的式(I)。
3.化合物,其为权利要求1中所定义的式(I)化合物的可药用盐。
4.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至3中任一项的化合物和可药用的辅料、稀释剂或载体。
5.权利要求1至3中任一项的化合物,其用于治疗。
6.权利要求1至3中任一项的化合物,其用于治疗哮喘、COPD、变应性鼻炎、变应性结膜炎、特应性皮炎、癌症、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、HIV、HPV、细菌感染、光化性角化病或癌前皮肤病变。
7.权利要求1至3中任一项的化合物,其用于治疗COPD。
8.权利要求1至3中任一项的化合物,其用于治疗哮喘。
9.权利要求1至3中任一项的化合物,其用作疫苗佐剂。
10.制备权利要求1中定义的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐的方法,其包括方法(a):
使式(II)化合物或其盐与二乙胺反应,所述式(II)化合物为:
其中Lg为离去基团,所述离去基团为卤素、甲磺酰氧基、三氟甲磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲苯磺酰氧基;
或
方法(b):
使式(III)化合物或其盐与2-(二乙基氨基)乙酸或其盐进行偶联反应,并此后任选地形成式(I)化合物的可药用盐,所述式(III)化合物为:
11.式(II)的化合物或其盐,所述式(II)的化合物为:
其中Lg为离去基团,所述离去基团为卤素、甲磺酰氧基、三氟甲磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或甲苯磺酰氧基。
12.式(III)化合物或其盐,所述式(III)化合物为:
13.组合产品,其包含权利要求1中定义的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐和另一种治疗剂。
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2011
- 2011-12-14 ES ES11805574.8T patent/ES2575688T3/es active Active
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CN101687867A (zh) * | 2007-05-08 | 2010-03-31 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | 具有免疫调节性质的咪唑并喹啉 |
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US20120189646A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
ES2575688T3 (es) | 2016-06-30 |
CN103370317A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
US9045472B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
JP5978225B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 |
UY33806A (es) | 2012-07-31 |
AR083322A1 (es) | 2013-02-13 |
EP2651937B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
TW201305159A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
WO2012080728A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
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EP2651937B8 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
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