JP5978226B2 - プリン誘導体 - Google Patents
プリン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5978226B2 JP5978226B2 JP2013543882A JP2013543882A JP5978226B2 JP 5978226 B2 JP5978226 B2 JP 5978226B2 JP 2013543882 A JP2013543882 A JP 2013543882A JP 2013543882 A JP2013543882 A JP 2013543882A JP 5978226 B2 JP5978226 B2 JP 5978226B2
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- pharmaceutically acceptable
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- salt
- acceptable salt
- Prior art date
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- 229960005026 toremifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N toremifene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(\CCCl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001262 tramazoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002117 triamcinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005951 trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002750 tryptase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000003298 tumor necrosis factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000029069 type 2 immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N valdecoxib Chemical compound CC=1ON=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 208000001319 vasomotor rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950003905 verlukast Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHJUWIANJFBDHT-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(N)=O)N4C)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 HHJUWIANJFBDHT-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004355 vindesine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000010484 vulvovaginitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003064 xanthine oxidase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001095 xylometazoline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004764 zafirlukast Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N zanamivir Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](N=C(N)N)C=C(C(O)=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWLSOWXNZPKENC-SSDOTTSWSA-N zileuton Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC([C@H](N(O)C(N)=O)C)=CC2=C1 MWLSOWXNZPKENC-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
- C07D473/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6
- C07D473/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6 one oxygen and one nitrogen atom, e.g. guanine
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Description
従って、本発明の一つの態様において、形態Aが提供され、該形態Aは、1.5418Åの波長で測定したとき、表1から選択される2θ値±0.1°で少なくとも1個の特異的ピークを有するX線粉末回折パターンを有することを特徴とする。
従って、本発明の一つの態様において、形態Bが提供され、該形態Bは、1.5418Åの波長で測定したとき、表2から選択される2θ値±0.1°で少なくとも1個の特異的ピークを有するX線粉末回折パターンを有することを特徴とする。
従って、本発明の一つの態様において、形態Cが提供され、該形態Cは、1.5418Åの波長で測定したとき、表3から選択される2θ値±0.1°で少なくとも1個の特異的ピークを有するX線粉末回折パターンを有することを特徴とする。
方法(a):
式(II)
の化合物またはその塩とピペリジンの反応、または
式(III)
およびその後、場合により化合物(I)の薬学的に許容される塩の形成。
式(II)の化合物のLgで表される脱離基の例は、ハロ(例えばクロロ、ブロモまたはヨード)、メシレート(メチルスルホニルオキシ)、トリフラート(トリフルオロメタンスルホニルオキシ)、ベシレート(ベンゼンスルホニルオキシ)またはトシレート(トルエンスルホニルオキシ)を含む。
の化合物またはその塩と、脱離基Lgの適当な前駆体の反応により製造し得る。例えば、Lgがメシレートであるとき、メタンスルホニルクロライドと反応させ得る。Lgがクロロであるとき、式(IV)の化合物を、適当な塩素化剤、例えば塩化チオニルと反応させ得る。Lgがヨードであるとき、Lgがクロロである式(II)の化合物を、ヨウ化ナトリウムと反応させ得る。
式(IV)の化合物は、本明細書の実施例に記載のとおりに製造し得る。
方法(b)は、式(III)の化合物またはその塩とメチル(4−ホルミルフェニル)アセテートを、適当な還元剤の存在下に還元的アミノ化条件下で反応させることにより行う。還元剤の例は、ハイドライド還元剤、例えばアルカリ金属アルミニウムハイドライド、例えばリチウムアルミニウムハイドライドまたは好適には、アルカリ金属ボロハイドライド、例えば水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、ナトリウムシアノボロハイドライド、ナトリウムトリエチルボロハイドライド、ナトリウムトリメトキシボロハイドライドおよびナトリウムトリアセトキシボロハイドライドを含む。本反応は、好都合には、適当な不活性溶媒または希釈剤、例えば、より強力な還元剤、例えばリチウムアルミニウムハイドライドについてはテトラヒドロフランまたはジエチルエーテル中および例えば、あまり強力ではない還元剤、例えばナトリウムトリアセトキシボロハイドライドおよびナトリウムシアノボロハイドライドについては塩化メチレンまたはプロトン性溶媒、例えばメタノールおよびエタノール中で行う。特定の還元剤はナトリウムシアノボロハイドライドである。本反応は、例えば、0〜100℃、例えば0〜40℃の温度範囲でまたは好都合には、環境温度もしくはその近辺で行う。本反応は、場合により塩基、例えば有機塩基、例えばトリエチルアミンの存在下で行い得る。
[4−({[3−(6−アミノ−2−ブトキシ−8−オキソ−7,8−ジヒドロ−9H−プリン−9−イル)プロピル](3−ヒドロキシプロピル)アミノ}メチル)フェニル]酢酸;および
メチル[4−({[3−(6−アミノ−2−ブトキシ−8−オキソ−7,8−ジヒドロ−9H−プリン−9−イル)プロピル](3−ヒドロキシプロピル)アミノ}メチル)フェニル]酢酸塩;
から選択される化合物またはその塩。
本発明の化合物(I)またはその薬学的に許容される塩は、TLR7活性モジュレーターとして有用であり、免疫モジュレーター効果を提供し、故に、異常免疫応答と関連する疾患(例えば自己免疫性疾患およびアレルギー性疾患)および免疫応答の活性化が必要である種々の感染症および癌の治療剤および予防剤として有用であることが期待される。化合物(I)またはその薬学的に許容される塩はまたワクチンアジュバントとしても有用であり得る。例えば、化合物(I)またはその薬学的に許容される塩を、次の状態または疾患の処置のために、ヒトを含む哺乳動物に投与し得る:
1. 呼吸器:次のものを含む、気道の閉塞性疾患:気管支、アレルギー性、内因性、外因性、運動誘発性、薬剤誘発性(アスピリンおよびNSAID誘発性を含む)および粉塵誘発性喘息、間欠性および永続性の両者および全ての重症度のおよび気道過敏の他の原因のものを含む喘息;慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD);感染性および好酸球性気管支炎を含む気管支炎;気腫;気管支拡張症;嚢胞性線維症;サルコイドーシス;農夫肺および関連疾患;過敏性肺炎;特発性間質性肺炎、特発性間質性肺炎、抗新生物治療および結核およびアスペルギルス症および他の真菌感染症を含む慢性感染に合併する線維症を含む肺線維症;肺移植の合併症;肺脈管構造の血管炎性および血栓性障害および肺高血圧;気道の炎症性および分泌状態と関連する慢性咳および医原性咳の処置を含む鎮咳活性;薬物性鼻炎および血管運動神経性鼻炎を含む急性および慢性鼻炎;神経性鼻炎(枯草熱)を含む通年性および季節性アレルギー性鼻炎;鼻のポリープ症;一般的な風邪および呼吸器多核体ウイルス、インフルエンザ、コロナウイルス(SARSを含む)およびアデノウイルスによる感染を含む急性ウイルス性感染;
本発明の一つの態様において、医薬組成物を吸入(経口または経鼻)により投与する。
化合物(I)またはその薬学的に許容される塩を外用局所医薬組成物として投与するとき、好適な組成物は、例えば、軟膏剤、ローション剤、クリーム剤、ゲル剤、テープ剤、経皮パッチ剤、パップ剤または外投与用粉末剤を含む。
(i) 医学腫瘍学で使用される抗増殖性/抗新生物剤またはそれらの組み合わせ、例えばアルキル化剤(例えばシスプラチン、カルボプラチン、シクロホスファミド、窒素マスタード、メルファラン、クロラムブシル、ブスルファンまたはニトロソウレア);代謝拮抗剤(例えば抗葉酸剤、例えば5−フルオロウラシルまたはテガフールのようなフルオロピリミジン、ラルチトレキセド、メトトレキサート、シトシンアラビノシド、ヒドロキシウレア、ゲムシタビンまたはパクリタキセル);抗腫瘍抗生物質(例えばアントラサイクリン、例えば、アドリアマイシン、ブレオマイシン、ドキソルビシン、ダウノマイシン、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、マイトマイシン−C、ダクチノマイシンまたはミトラマイシン);有糸分裂阻害剤(例えばビンカアルカロイド、例えばビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、ビンデシンまたはビノレルビンまたはタキソイド、例えばタキソールまたはタキソテール);またはトポイソメラーゼ阻害剤(例えばエピポドフィロトキシン、例えば、エトポシド、テニポシド、アムサクリン、トポテカンまたはカンプトテシン);
a)アイソフォームPDE4Dの阻害剤を含むPDE4阻害剤;
b)β−アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト、例えば、メタプロテレノール、イソプロテレノール、イソプレナリン、アルブテロール、サルブタモール、フォルモテロール、サルメテロール、テルブタリン、オルシプレナリン、ビトルテロールメシレート、ピルブテロール、インダカテロールまたはカルモテロール;
c)ムスカリン受容体アンタゴニスト(例えばM1、M2またはM3アンタゴニスト、例えば選択的M3アンタゴニスト)、例えばイプラトロピウムブロマイド、チオトロピウムブロマイド、オキシトロピウムブロマイド、ピレンゼピン、テレンゼピンまたはトルテロジン;
d)ケモカイン受容体機能モジュレーター(例えば、CCR1またはCCR8受容体アンタゴニスト);
e)キナーゼ機能阻害剤;
f)非ステロイド性グルココルチコイド受容体アゴニスト;
g)ステロイド性グルココルチコイド受容体アゴニスト;
h)プロテアーゼ阻害剤(例えば、MMP12またはMMP9阻害剤);および
i)抗増殖性剤
から独立して選択される1種以上の薬剤を含む組み合わせ製品(例えば上に上げた状態、例えばCOPD、喘息またはアレルギー性鼻炎を処置するための医薬として使用するためのもの)に関する。
a)アイソフォームPDE4D阻害剤を含むPDE4阻害剤;
b)β−アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト、例えば、メタプロテレノール、イソプロテレノール、イソプレナリン、アルブテロール、サルブタモール、フォルモテロール、サルメテロール、テルブタリン、オルシプレナリン、ビトルテロールメシレート、ピルブテロール、インダカテロールまたはカルモテロール;
c)ムスカリン受容体アンタゴニスト(例えばM1、M2またはM3アンタゴニスト、例えば選択的M3アンタゴニスト)、例えばイプラトロピウムブロマイド、チオトロピウムブロマイド、オキシトロピウムブロマイド、ピレンゼピン、テレンゼピンまたはトルテロジン;
d)ケモカイン受容体機能モジュレーター(例えば、CCR1またはCCR8受容体アンタゴニスト);
e)キナーゼ機能阻害剤;
f)非ステロイド性グルココルチコイド受容体アゴニスト;
g)ステロイド性グルココルチコイド受容体アゴニスト;
h)プロテアーゼ阻害剤(例えば、MMP12またはMMP9阻害剤);および
i)抗増殖性剤;
から選択される1種以上の第二活性成分の製剤
およびこれらの製剤の処置を必要とする患者への同時の、逐次のまたは別々の投与の指示書を含むキットを提供する。
(i) 温度は摂氏(℃)で示す;操作は室温または環境温度、すなわち、18〜25℃の範囲の温度で行った。
(ii) 一般に、反応の進行をHPLCで追跡しており、反応時間は説明のみを目的として記載する。
(iii) 収率は説明のためにのみ記載し、必ずしも入念な工程開発を経て得ることができるものではない;より多くの物質が必要であるならば、製造を繰り返した。
(iv) 化学記号はその通常の意味を有する;SI単位および記号を使用する。
(v) 溶媒比を容積:容積(v/v)で記載する。
(vi) 特に断らない限り、出発物質は市販されていた。
(vii) 特に断らない限り、実施例の化合物名はACD Labs Version 10(Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc.)のIUPAC命名機能を使用して作成した。
1H NMRスペクトルを、298Kで、Varian Unity Inova 300分光計を300MHzで操作して;またはBruker AVANCE 400 FT NMR分光計を400MHzで操作して記録した。
次の略語を使用している。
メチル[4−({[3−(6−アミノ−2−ブトキシ−8−オキソ−7,8−ジヒドロ−9H−プリン−9−イル)プロピル][3−(ピペリジン−1−イル)プロピル]アミノ}メチル)フェニル]アセテート
[4−(ブロモメチル)フェニル]酢酸(4.6g)および硝酸銅三水和物(5g)を水(50mL)に懸濁し、1時間加熱還流した。溶液を冷却し、得られた白色固体を回収し、水で洗浄して、副題化合物(2.06g)を得た。MSマルチモード(+)165
工程(ii)の生成物(0.38g)のMeOH溶液に、クロロトリメチルシラン(3mL)を添加し、混合物をrtで1時間撹拌した。溶媒を除去して、副題化合物をクリーム色固体(0.39g)として得た。MSマルチモード(+)501
工程(iii)の生成物(0.39g)をDCM(20mL)に溶解し、トリエチルアミン(0.15g)を添加し、メタンスルホニルクロライド(0.3mL)を添加し、混合物を5時間撹拌した。混合物を真空で濃縮して、副題化合物を粗製の生成物(0.45g)として得た。MSマルチモード(+)579
メチル[4−{[[3−(6−アミノ−2−ブトキシ−8−オキソ−7,8−ジヒドロ−9H−プリン−9−イル)プロピル](3−ピペリジン−1−イルプロピル)アミノ]メチル}フェニル]アセテート塩酸塩
35%HCl(63.5g、609mmol)を、2〜20℃の温度で溶液に滴下し、混合物を22℃で7時間撹拌した。混合物に、35%HCl(31.8g、305mmol)を添加し、混合物を3時間撹拌した。反応混合物を減圧下m40℃で混合物重量が136gになるまで濃縮した。
20%NaOH水溶液(72g)、10%Na2CO3水溶液(280g)およびCHCl3(702g)を混合物(31g)に添加した。混合物を53℃に温め、水層を除去した。有機層を減圧下、30〜40℃で濃縮した。MeOH(124g)を混合物に注ぎ、溶液を混合物重量が52gになるまで濃縮した。MeOH(50g)を再び注ぎ入れ、混合物を50℃に温めた。
マレイン酸(14.2g、121.9mmol)のMeOH(50g)溶液を、溶液に50℃で滴下し、MeOH(124g)を添加した。混合物を50℃で1時間撹拌し、5℃に冷却した。30分間撹拌後、懸濁液を濾過し、回収した固体をMeOHで洗浄し、乾燥させて、表題化合物を白色固体として得た。収量31.6g、3−(6−アミノ−2−ブトキシ−8−メトキシ−9H−プリン−9−イル)プロパン−1−オールから81%。 1 H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) δ9.96 (s, 1H), 8.36 (bs, 1H), 6.49 (s, 2H), 6.01 (s, 4H), 4.14 (t, 2H), 3.76 (t, 2H), 2.96-2.66 (br+t, 9H), 2.00-1.34 (m, 15H), 0.91 (t, 3H)
粗製の副題化合物(7.0g、12.3mmol)、臭化リチウム(1.1g、12.3mmol)およびアセトン(66g)の混合物を50℃で2時間撹拌した。混合物を18℃に冷却し、水(21g)を添加し、混合物を10分間撹拌した。種晶添加後、混合物を15分間撹拌した。水(105g)を添加し、混合物を30分間撹拌し、10℃に冷却した。30分間撹拌後、反応混合物を濾過し、回収した固体を冷水(35g)で洗浄し、乾燥させて、副題生成物を白色固体として得た。 1 H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) δ10.06 (brs, 1H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 6.46 (br, 2H), 4.11 (t, 2H), 3.67 (t, 2H), 3.63 (s, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 2.38 (t, 2H), 2.33 (t, 2H), 2.18-2.12 (m, 6H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.32 (m, 8H), 0.89 (t, 3H)
メチル[4−{[[3−(6−アミノ−2−ブトキシ−8−オキソ−7,8−ジヒドロ−9H−プリン−9−イル)プロピル](3−ピペリジン−1−イルプロピル)アミノ]メチル}フェニル]アセテート臭化水素酸塩
メチル[3−({[3−(6−アミノ−2−ブトキシ−8−オキソ−7,8−ジヒドロ−9H−プリン−9−イル)プロピル][3−(ピペリジン−1−イル)プロピル]アミノ}メチル)フェニル]アセテート:
化合物(I)およびその薬学的に許容される塩類は、アンテドラッグ特性を有する。アンテドラッグは、全身循環に入ると、容易に排泄可能な低活性形態への生体内変換に付され、それ故に、全身性副作用が最小化されるように設計されている活性合成誘導体と定義される。故に、投与により、本発明の化合物は、急速に酵素分解されて、実質的に低下した医学的効果を有する分解産物を生じる。ここで定義する医学的効果は、特にインターフェロン誘発活性および/またはIL−4/IL−5産生活性の抑制を含む、本発明の化合物の薬理学的活性を意味する。分解産物の医学的効果は、本発明の化合物(すなわち親化合物)より好ましくは10倍、より好ましくは100倍低い。薬理学的活性は当分野で知られる方法を使用して、好ましくはインビトロ評価方法、例えば市販のELISAキットまたはここに記載の生物学的アッセイを使用して測定できる。
組み換えヒトTLR7を、pNiFty2−SEAPレポータープラスミドを既に安定に発現するHEK293細胞株で安定に発現させた;レポーター遺伝子を、抗生物質ゼオシンで選択することにより維持した。ヒトTLR7の最も一般的な変異配列(EMBL配列AF240467で表される)を、ベクターpUNOを発現する哺乳動物細胞にクローン化し、このレポーター細胞株に形質転換した。安定に発現する形質移入体を、抗生物質ブラストサイジンを使用して選択した。このレポーター細胞株において、分泌アルカリホスファターゼ(SEAP)の発現は、近位ELAM−1プロモーターと組み合わさった5個のNFkB部位を含むNFkB/ELAM−1複合プロモーターにより制御される。TLRシグナル伝達はNFkBの転位およびプロモーターの活性化を導き、SEAP遺伝子の発現に至る。TLR7特異的活性化を、細胞を37℃で標準化合物と、0.1%(v/v)ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)の存在下に一夜インキュベーションした後に生じたSEAPのレベルの測定により評価する。化合物によるSEAP産生の濃度依存的誘導を、その化合物のSEAP誘導の最高レベルの半分を生じる化合物の濃度として表した(pEC50)。
実施例1(化合物(I))は6.6の平均pEC50であった(n=6)。
比較例1は6.8の平均pEC50であった(n=2)。
正常ヒト皮膚生検試料を、美容目的の外科的処置を受けている健常患者からインフォームド・コンセントを行い得た。3mm全層皮膚生検試料を生検パンチを使用して採取した。パンチを使用してTranswellフィルター(細孔径0.4μm)に穴を開け、皮膚生検試料をこの穴に挿入した。生検試料を含むフィルターを、1.25mlの培養培地(1%熱不活化ヒト血清含有RPMI)を含む24ウェル培養プレートのウェルに、表皮が液体−空気界面で上向きとなるように入れた。生検試料を含む培養プレートを37℃で、空気中5%CO2の雰囲気下、24時間インキュベートした。生検試料を、組織におけるサイトカイン応答を誘発するために培養培地に添加したフィトヘマグルチニン(PHA)(1mg/ml)の非存在下または存在下で培養した。試験化合物(5μl)をピペットを使用して皮膚生検サンプルの表面に局所的に適用し、皮膚表面を穏やかに擦った。適用した試験化合物濃度は、リン酸クエン酸緩衝液pH3.0中の最高溶解度のもの(実施例I(化合物I)については4.1〜4.4%w/w)または最高溶解度の10倍希釈のものであった。上清を培養物の24時間インキュベーション後に採取し、サイトカインインターロイキン−13(IL−13)産生についてELISAで分析した。
薬物への全体的暴露の実質的変化は、代謝的薬物−薬物相互作用によって起こる可能性があり、これは血中および組織中の薬物濃度の増加または減少および毒性および/または活性代謝物の形成をもたらし得る。肝臓代謝は主にチトクロムP450ファミリー(CYP)の酵素群を介して起こる。CYPファミリーに対して効力が低い化合物の安全性および有効性プロファイルは改善され得る(FDA Guidance for Industry - Drug Interaction Studies, Draft Guidance, September 2006)。
5種の主要なヒト肝臓チトクロムP450アイソフォームである1A2、2C9、2C19、2D6および3A4を、大腸菌(E. coli)膜に異種性に発現させた。この5種のCYPの各々を、それぞれCYP 1A2、2C9、2C19、2D6および3A4によって主に代謝される特異的基質であるフェナセチン、ジクロフェナク、S−メフェニトイン、ブフラロールおよびミダゾラムと試験化合物のカクテルと共にインキュベートした。
基質を、各Km値と同等の濃度でインキュベートし、LC−MS−MS(MRMモード)をその特異的代謝物の形成を追跡するために使用した。試験化合物がCYPアイソフォームを阻害する能力を、6種の阻害剤濃度で形成された特異的代謝物の量の減少により測定した。
反応速度を、MS/MS面積単位の測定により計算し、データ解析を疑似Hillプロットを使用してデータを線状化することにより行った。IC50は、形成代謝物の量の50%減少が測定された試験化合物濃度である。
ヒト血漿中の試験化合物の半減期を測定するために、37℃で、振盪させている水浴中でインキュベートした。化合物(MeCN中100μMの貯蔵液5μL)を0.495mL血漿に添加し、1μMの最終インキュベーション濃度とした。一定量(50μL)を種々の時点(典型的に0秒、20秒および40秒、1分、2分、3分、5分および10分)で採り、MeCN(300μL)で失活させて、親化合物をLC−MS−MS(MRMモード)で分析した。半減期を経時的な試験化合物ピーク面積の減少から計算した。
実施例1(化合物(I))は0.6分間の半減期であった(n=1)。
比較例1は0.2分間の半減期であった(n=1)。
Claims (14)
- 式(I)
- 請求項1に定義した式(I)を有する、化合物。
- 請求項1に定義した式(I)を有する化合物の薬学的に許容される塩である、化合物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物を薬学的に許容されるアジュバント、希釈剤または担体と共に含む、医薬組成物。
- 外用局所投与用組成物である、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物を有効成分として含有する、喘息、COPD、アレルギー性鼻炎、アレルギー性結膜炎、アトピー性皮膚炎、癌、B型肝炎、C型肝炎、HIV、HPV、細菌感染症、光線性角化症または前癌皮膚病変の処置に使用するための医薬。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物を有効成分として含有する、アトピー性皮膚炎の処置に使用するための医薬。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物を含有する、ワクチンアジュバント。
- 請求項1に記載の式(I)の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の製造方法であって、
方法(a)
式(II)
の化合物またはその塩とピペリジンとの反応、または
方法(b)
式(III)
およびその後、場合により式(I)の化合物の薬学的に許容される塩の形成
を含む、方法。 - 式(II)
の化合物またはその塩。 - 式(III)
- 式(IV)
の化合物またはその塩。 - 請求項1に記載の式(I)の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩および他の治療剤を含む、組み合わせ製品。
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WO2012080730A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
JP2014504291A (ja) | 2014-02-20 |
US8895570B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
EP2651943A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
US20130338174A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
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