CN103319240A - Bag-culture composite nutritional matrix for tomatoes and preparation and nutrient and water management methods thereof - Google Patents
Bag-culture composite nutritional matrix for tomatoes and preparation and nutrient and water management methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000003203 everyday Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011031 large scale production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000630 rising Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 240000002686 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007646 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005986 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000241200 Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention mainly relates to a bag-culture composite nutritional matrix for tomatoes and preparation and nutrient and water management methods thereof. The matrix comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30% of furfural residues, 20%-40% of cow dung and 30%-50% of crushed maize straws. The preparation method comprises the step of adding 1kg-1.5kg of a water retaining agent, 1.5kg-2kg of urea and 2kg-2.5kg of potassium sulphate to the fermented composite matrix per cubic meter. The matrix provided by the invention is wide in raw material source, low in cost, environment-friendly and suitable for standardized and large-scale production and management, saves resources, solves the problems of successive cropping obstacle of facility soil and poor utilization of soils which cannot be cultivated are effectively solved, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, is a kind of tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix and preparation and rich water quality management method specifically.
Background technology
Develop into 92.8 ten thousand hectares to China's vegetables in day-light greenhouse area in 2012, not only successfully solved the northern area of China Winter-Spring s supply problem, and become the mainstay industry that the northern area of China solves the agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem.Yet the intensive and specialized production of the height of vegetables in day-light greenhouse causes the facility soil continuous cropping obstacle to become the important factor of restriction China vegetables in day-light greenhouse industry development.Facility soil continuous cropping obstacle problem is global problem, western developed country take Holland as representative mainly takes the mode of nutritive medium or rock wool substrate soiless cultivation to solve, yet, this Soilless Culture Methods investment is large, administrative skill requires high, be not suitable for national conditions, be difficult to large scale application in China in decades.
Twentieth century over 90 years since, along with the development of China's recycling economy and the enhancing of people's environmental consciousness, the cultivation of nutraceutical matrix take agriculture and forestry organic waste material as main raw material becomes the main Soilless Culture Methods of at present suitable national conditions.The main Types of nutraceutical matrix cultivation has the forms such as slot type cultivation, pocket type cultivation and the cultivation of bucket formula.Because the Comparison of Management of slot type substrate culture and soil cultivation approaches, be easy to study and grasp, so the slot type Soilless Culture Methods is almost all taked in the at present nutraceutical matrix cultivation in China's facilities vegetable production.And the pocket type substrate culture is owing to having simplified the schedule of operation (having saved the work links such as fertilising, whole ground, ridging) of soil cultivation; reduce artificial; reduce labour intensity; raise the efficiency, simultaneously, can realize the accurate control of rich water; be easy to realize standardized management and the large-scale development produced; so, China rural laborer inadequate resource that faces the future, pocket type nutraceutical matrix planting type will provide new approach for mass-producing, the standardization and industrialization development of China's vegetables in day-light greenhouse.
But, the present ripe slot type cultivation nutrition substrate pocket type cultivation that can not suit fully.(2010) such as (2006), Yan Huiling such as Meng Jie etc. (2007), Li Shenglis have carried out respectively the nutraceutical matrix slot type cultivation of cucumber, netted melon and African chrysanthemum and the comparative studies of pocket type cultivation, the result shows, same nutraceutical matrix can not be fit to slot type cultivation and two modes of pocket type cultivation fully, also be that pocket type cultivation need to be developed suitable cultivation medium formula, and can not indiscriminately imitate present slot type cultivation nutrition substrate prescription fully.The matrix of pocket type cultivation mainly adopts or partly adopts the non-renewable raw materials such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite at present, although its cultivation effect is good, its cost is high, is unfavorable for protection of the environment, is difficult to large scale application always.Therefore, developing low-cost, eco-friendly pocket type cultivation special nutritional matrix be crack China's vegetables in day-light greenhouse continuous cropping obstacle, human resources not enough with large-scale development contradiction, keep the basis of vegetables in day-light greenhouse industry Sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of compound nutritional matrix and preparation and rich water quality management method that is suitable for the training of tomato bag; reach raw material sources extensive; cheap; economize on resources; protection of the environment; be conducive to stdn and large-scale production and management, effectively solve facility soil continuous cropping obstacle and the problem of utilizing that can not till the land.
Technical scheme
A kind of tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: its prescription is as follows by volume: furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 20-40%, the maize straw 30-50% of pulverizing; After substrate fermentation was good, every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance added 1-1.5kg water-holding agent, 1.5-2kg urea and 2-2.5kg vitriolate of tartar.
A kind of preparation method of as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1), measures respectively the long maize straw of furfural dregs, cow dung and pulverizing 2-4cm by above-mentioned volume ratio;
(2), three kinds of raw materials are fully mixed, water drenches, and makes the water content of composting material at 55%-65%, then carries out the state of nature aerobic fermentation in greenhouse, plastic greenhouse;
(3), matrix that step (2) is fermented pulverizes by pulverizer, makes granule and grain breakage large in the matrix;
(4), according to adding 1.5-2kg urea and 2-2.5kg potassium sulfate fertilizers in every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance, and add the 1-1.5kg water-holding agent, mix by stirrer;
(5), the matrix pack obtains tomato compound nutritional substrate culture bag.
The rich water quality management method that the above-mentioned tomato bag training of a kind of usefulness compound nutritional matrix is carried out the bag training, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
A. pour water: adopt the arrow formula dropper system that inserts, when fine, the 300-400ml that waters every day in seedling stage, every morning is once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 600-900ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expands, pour water every day 3 times, morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 1000-1400mL; Overcast and rainy irrigation quantity reduces 30%-70%;
B. fertilising: 25-30 days begin to topdress with pouring water after the field planting, every strain in per 7 days imposes nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2-3g, topdress 3-4 gram of every strain in per 5 days behind the first fringe Fruit, every strain in per 3 days 4g that topdresses behind the Fruit of Sansui, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested stopped to topdress in previous month.
Advantage and effect
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are as follows:
1, the unit weight of composite interstitial substance of the present invention is 0.38-0.51g/cm
3, total porosity is 52%-67%, and big or small void ratio is 0.31-0.58, and the ventilative and water-retentivity of matrix is better, is conducive to the tomato plant root growth.
2, the furfural dregs in the composite interstitial substance raw material is strongly-acid; and cow dung and stalk are alkalescence; the two mixes in the ratio of 3-4:7-6; can realize that not only the potential of hydrogen of composite interstitial substance is in the slightly acidic scope of suitable tomato cultivation; and furfural dregs is the refuse of furfural production, contaminated land and water; the present invention can realize that furfural dregs turns waste into wealth, and preserves the ecological environment.
3, the rapid available phosphorus nutrient content can satisfy tomato whole breeding time of growth needs, so base fertilizer only need add nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer up to 3.14-3.98g/kg in the composite interstitial substance.
4, composite interstitial substance adopts agriculture and forestry organic waste material fully, and raw material sources are extensive, and is cheap, not only the cost of matrix is low, is easy to apply, and is conducive to Circulation Agriculture Development, improve the utilising efficiency of biomass energy, reduced agricultural wastes to pollution and the destruction of rural environment.
5, composite interstitial substance is processed by fermentation, and organic content is up to 51%-67%, and contains plurality of enzymes, various bioactivators, can strengthen disease resistance and the resistance of crop, promotes growth and the quality improvement of crop.Compare with the composite interstitial substance of the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite 1:1, its individual plant is beared fruit number quite, but mean fruit weight increases 6.7%-9.6%, individual plant fruit ultimate production improves 5.3%-9.0%, unit fruit water loss reduces 2.1%-3.8%, yet its cost only has 1/3 of peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite interstitial substance, therefore, the present invention will have wide marketing application prospect.
6, the water consumption of bag training mainly is the transpiration of crop, and the seepage of matrix and transpiration are very little, can be zero in theory, have significantly improved the utilising efficiency of liquid manure.The water loss that composite interstitial substance tomato bag of the present invention is trained every kg tamato fruit reduces more than 12% than the dropper band water loss that generally adopts at present at 30.95L-32.50L, is conducive to water saving irrigation; Simultaneously, the bag training has taked supply with at regular time and quantity and manage the every day of rich water, can realize the accurate management of rich water, for standardized management and the large-scale development of realizing vegetables in day-light greenhouse provides new evolutionary path.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
The present invention relates to a kind of tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: this nutraceutical matrix prescription is as follows by volume: furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 20-40%, the maize straw 30-50% of pulverizing; After substrate fermentation was good, every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance added 1-1.5kg water-holding agent, 1.5-2kg urea and 2-2.5kg vitriolate of tartar.
A kind of preparation method of as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1), measures respectively furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 20%-40% and pulverize the long maize straw 30%-50% of 2-4cm by above-mentioned volume ratio;
(2), three kinds of raw materials are fully mixed, water drenches, and makes the water content of composting material at 55%-65%, then carries out the state of nature aerobic fermentation in greenhouse, plastic greenhouse;
(3), matrix that step (2) is fermented pulverizes by pulverizer, makes granule and grain breakage large in the matrix;
(4), according to adding 1.5-2kg urea and 2-2.5kg potassium sulfate fertilizers in every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance, and add the 1-1.5kg water-holding agent, mix by stirrer;
(5), matrix pack obtains tomato compound nutritional substrate culture bag, can be used for producing, and carries out tomato cultivation.
The long 50-60cm of the described bag containing soilless substrate of above-mentioned steps (5), wide 30-35cm, every packed matrix 11-15 liter, but 2 strains of field planting tomato sprout.
A kind of usefulness as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix is carried out the rich water quality management method that bag is trained, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
A. pour water: adopt the arrow formula dropper system that inserts, when fine, the 300-400ml that waters every day in seedling stage, every morning is once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 600-900ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 1000-1400mL; It is the 90-280ml that waters every day in seedling stage that overcast and rainy irrigation quantity can reduce 30%-70%(, and every morning once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 180-630ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 300-980mL).
B. fertilising: 25-30 days begin to topdress with pouring water after the field planting, every strain in per 7 days imposes nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2-3g, topdress 3-4 gram of every strain in per 5 days behind the first fringe Fruit, every strain in per 3 days 4g that topdresses behind the Fruit of Sansui, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested stopped to topdress in previous month.
The physico-chemical property of table 1 composite interstitial substance of the present invention
Table 2 tomato compound nutritional of the present invention bag containing soilless substrate is trained five fringes fruit output
The variation of the breeding time of table 3 composite interstitial substance bag training of the present invention tomato
| Different substrates | Begin fate flowering period | The phase of bearing fruit begins fate | Begin fate collection period |
| Invention matrix | 17-19 | 24-29 | 75-78 |
| Peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite matrix | 20 | 32 | 81 |
Embodiment 1
A kind of tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, this nutraceutical matrix prescription is as follows by volume: furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 20%, the maize straw 50% of pulverizing; After substrate fermentation was good, every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance added 1.5kg water-holding agent, 2kg urea and 2.5kg vitriolate of tartar.
A kind of preparation method of as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1), measures respectively furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 20% and pulverize the long maize straw 50% of 2cm by above-mentioned volume ratio;
(2), three kinds of raw materials are fully mixed, water drenches, and makes the water content of composting material 55%, then carries out the state of nature aerobic fermentation in greenhouse, plastic greenhouse;
(3), matrix that step (2) is fermented pulverizes by pulverizer, makes granule and grain breakage large in the matrix;
(4), according to adding 1.5kg urea and 2kg potassium sulfate fertilizers in every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance, and add the 1kg water-holding agent, mix by stirrer;
(5), matrix pack obtains tomato compound nutritional substrate culture bag, can be used for producing, and carries out tomato cultivation.
The long 50cm of the described bag containing soilless substrate of above-mentioned steps (5), wide 30cm, 11 liters of every packed matrix, but 2 strains of field planting tomato sprout.
A kind of usefulness as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix is carried out the rich water quality management method that bag is trained, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
A. pour water: adopt the arrow formula dropper system that inserts, when fine, the 300ml that waters every day in seedling stage, every morning is once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 600ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 1000mL; It is the 210ml that waters every day in seedling stage that overcast and rainy irrigation quantity can reduce 30%(, and every morning once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 420ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 700mL).
B. fertilising: beginning in 25 days is topdressed with pouring water after the field planting, and every strain in per 7 days imposes nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2g, every strain in per 5 days 3 grams that topdress behind the first fringe Fruit, and every strain in per 3 days 4g that topdresses behind the Fruit of Sansui, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested stopped to topdress in previous month.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, this nutraceutical matrix prescription is as follows by volume: furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 40%, the maize straw 30% of pulverizing; After substrate fermentation was good, every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance added 1kg water-holding agent, 1.5kg urea and 2kg vitriolate of tartar.
A kind of preparation method of as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1), measures respectively furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 40% and pulverize the long maize straw 30% of 4cm by above-mentioned volume ratio;
(2), three kinds of raw materials are fully mixed, water drenches, and makes the water content of composting material 65%, then carries out the state of nature aerobic fermentation in greenhouse, plastic greenhouse;
(3), matrix that step (2) is fermented pulverizes by pulverizer, makes granule and grain breakage large in the matrix;
(4), according to adding 2kg urea and 2.5kg potassium sulfate fertilizers in every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance, and add the 1.5kg water-holding agent, mix by stirrer;
(5), matrix pack obtains tomato compound nutritional substrate culture bag, can be used for producing, and carries out tomato cultivation.
The long 60cm of the described bag containing soilless substrate of above-mentioned steps (5), wide 35cm, 15 liters of every packed matrix, but 2 strains of field planting tomato sprout.
A kind of usefulness as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix is carried out the rich water quality management method that bag is trained, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
A. pour water: adopt the arrow formula dropper system that inserts, when fine, the 400ml that waters every day in seedling stage, every morning is once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 900ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 1400mL; It is the 120ml that waters every day in seedling stage that overcast and rainy irrigation quantity reduces 70%(, and every morning once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 270ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 420mL).
B. fertilising: beginning in 30 days is topdressed with pouring water after the field planting, and every strain in per 7 days imposes nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 3g, every strain in per 5 days 4 grams that topdress behind the first fringe Fruit, and every strain in per 3 days 4g that topdresses behind the Fruit of Sansui, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested stopped to topdress in previous month.
Embodiment 3
A kind of tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, this nutraceutical matrix prescription is as follows by volume: furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 30%, the maize straw 40% of pulverizing; After substrate fermentation was good, every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance added 1.2kg water-holding agent, 1.8kg urea and 2.2kg vitriolate of tartar.
A kind of preparation method of as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1), measures respectively furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 30% and pulverize the long maize straw 40% of 3cm by above-mentioned volume ratio;
(2), three kinds of raw materials are fully mixed, water drenches, and makes the water content of composting material 60%, then carries out the state of nature aerobic fermentation in greenhouse, plastic greenhouse;
(3), matrix that step (2) is fermented pulverizes by pulverizer, makes granule and grain breakage large in the matrix;
(4), according to adding 1.8kg urea and 2.2kg potassium sulfate fertilizers in every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance, and add the 1.2kg water-holding agent, mix by stirrer;
(5), matrix pack obtains tomato compound nutritional substrate culture bag, can be used for producing, and carries out tomato cultivation.
The long 55cm of the described bag containing soilless substrate of above-mentioned steps (5), wide 32cm, 13 liters of every packed matrix, but 2 strains of field planting tomato sprout.
A kind of usefulness as mentioned above tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix is carried out the rich water quality management method that bag is trained, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
A. pour water: adopt the arrow formula dropper system that inserts, when fine, the 350ml that waters every day in seedling stage, every morning is once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 800ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 1200mL; It is the 175ml that waters every day in seedling stage that overcast and rainy irrigation quantity reduces 50%(, and every morning once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 400ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expanded, along with the rising of temperature, the plant growing way was vigorous, and water requirement increases, and poured water every day 3 times, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 600mL).
B. fertilising: beginning in 28 days is topdressed with pouring water after the field planting, and every strain in per 7 days imposes nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2.5g, every strain in per 5 days 3.5 grams that topdress behind the first fringe Fruit, and every strain in per 3 days 4g that topdresses behind the Fruit of Sansui, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested stopped to topdress in previous month.
Embodiment 4
This tomato nutrient substrate culture bag also can carry out other solanaceous vegetables cultivations equal with tomato, such as eggplant.
The eggplant cultivation: the rate of fertilizer application capping, because the blade of eggplant is large, transpiration rate is large than tomato, therefore, the index of pouring water is as follows:
A. pour water: adopt the arrow formula dropper system that inserts, when fine, the 400-600ml that waters every day in seedling stage, every morning is once; Blooming bears fruit pours water 2 every day phase, and respectively once amount to 800-1300ml morning and afternoon; Fruiting period is poured water 3 every day, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 1500-2000mL; It is the 120-420ml that waters every day in seedling stage that overcast and rainy irrigation quantity can reduce 30%-70%(, and every morning once; Blooming bears fruit pours water 2 every day phase, and respectively once amount to 240-910ml morning and afternoon; Fruiting period is poured water 3 every day, and morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 450-1400mL), other condition is the same.
Table 4 bag training of the present invention matrix is carried out eggplant Winter-Spring stubble cultivation fruit yield
| Different substrates | Single fruit weight (g) | Single plant yield (kg) | Unit fruit water loss (L/kg) |
| Invention matrix | 185 | 6.35-6.91 | 34.56-36.87 |
| Peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite matrix | 163 | 5.84 | 36.52 |
Claims (3)
1. a tomato bag is trained compound nutritional matrix, and it is characterized in that: its prescription is as follows by volume: furfural dregs 30%, cow dung 20-40%, the maize straw 30-50% of pulverizing; After substrate fermentation was good, every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance added 1-1.5kg water-holding agent, 1.5-2kg urea and 2-2.5kg vitriolate of tartar.
2. preparation method of tomato bag training compound nutritional matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1), measures respectively the long maize straw of furfural dregs, cow dung and pulverizing 2-4cm by above-mentioned volume ratio;
(2), three kinds of raw materials are fully mixed, water drenches, and makes the water content of composting material at 55%-65%, then carries out the state of nature aerobic fermentation in greenhouse, plastic greenhouse;
(3), matrix that step (2) is fermented pulverizes by pulverizer, makes granule and grain breakage large in the matrix;
(4), according to adding 1.5-2kg urea and 2-2.5kg potassium sulfate fertilizers in every cubic metre of composite interstitial substance, and add the 1-1.5kg water-holding agent, mix by stirrer;
(5), the matrix pack obtains tomato compound nutritional substrate culture bag.
3. rich water quality management method of carrying out the bag training with the described tomato bag of claim 1 training compound nutritional matrix, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
A. pour water: adopt the arrow formula dropper system that inserts, when fine, the 300-400ml that waters every day in seedling stage, every morning is once; The first Honoka is opened and is poured water rear every day 2 times, and respectively once amount to 600-900ml morning and afternoon; After the first fringe really expands, pour water every day 3 times, morning, noon and afternoon respectively once amount to 1000-1400mL; Overcast and rainy irrigation quantity reduces 30%-70%;
B. fertilising: 25-30 days begin to topdress with pouring water after the field planting, every strain in per 7 days imposes nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2-3g, topdress 3-4 gram of every strain in per 5 days behind the first fringe Fruit, every strain in per 3 days 4g that topdresses behind the Fruit of Sansui, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested stopped to topdress in previous month.
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