CN110746222A - Preparation method of functional organic fertilizer for reducing tomato blight morbidity - Google Patents
Preparation method of functional organic fertilizer for reducing tomato blight morbidity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110746222A CN110746222A CN201911164217.5A CN201911164217A CN110746222A CN 110746222 A CN110746222 A CN 110746222A CN 201911164217 A CN201911164217 A CN 201911164217A CN 110746222 A CN110746222 A CN 110746222A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a functional organic fertilizer for reducing the morbidity of tomato blight, which comprises the following steps: (1) raw materials for preparing fermentation bait comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 60-70 parts of cow dung, 25-35 parts of crushed corn straws and 15-35 parts of rice chaffs, wherein the crushed particle size of the corn straws is 4-6 cm; (2) bait is half fermented, (3) earthworm seeds are put in, (4) earthworms are screened out, and the functional organic fertilizer is obtained. The functional organic fertilizer can reconstruct a healthy soil microflora, culture disease-inhibiting soil of the tomatoes, provide a method for repairing pathogen soil of the tomato blight, guarantee the sustainable development of protected tomato production, realize the resource utilization of agricultural and cultivation wastes and obviously improve the quality and properties of the tomatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the fields of agricultural intensive production technology and plant disease prevention, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a functional organic fertilizer for reducing the morbidity of tomato blight.
Background
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium wilt) of tomatoes is a soil-borne disease with the greatest harm in continuous cropping cultivation of tomatoes, serious loss is caused to tomato production every year, and particularly, after five years of continuous cropping, the incidence of the Fusarium wilt sometimes reaches more than 80%, even the Fusarium wilt is dead. The tomato continuous cropping and unreasonable fertilization mode are generally considered to cause the original microbial flora of the soil to change, beneficial microorganisms of the soil are inhibited, and harmful microorganisms (such as fusarium wilt) become dominant flora, so that the tomato fusarium wilt is caused.
At present, measures such as resistant varieties, chemical prevention and control, grafting and the like are mostly adopted to relieve the tomato wilt. However, due to the individual operation mode of rural areas in China, the vegetable planting area of one household facility is small, and the rotation is difficult to realize. Chemical control and soil disinfection often cause the harm of chemical agent residues on fruits, and the current country has implemented a strategy of chemical agent decrement application to ensure the safety of agricultural products. In addition, soil disinfection also seriously affects the survival of beneficial microorganisms while killing pathogenic bacteria, causes the appearance of deficient areas of soil microorganisms, causes poor circulation of soil environment deterioration, and affects soil nutrient conversion and crop growth. The grafting mode often causes the nutritional quality of the agricultural products to be reduced. Indeed, it is the dysregulation of the soil microbial community structure that is the important cause of the outbreak of blight that results from continuous cropping of tomatoes. The single prevention and control measures do not consider the prevention and control of the tomato blight from the perspective of soil microflora regulation, and have certain limitations, so that a new safe and green prevention and control measure is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a functional organic fertilizer for reducing the incidence rate of tomato blight, which is used for applying the functional organic fertilizer to soil with high incidence of tomato blight, reconstructing a healthy soil microbial community, culturing tomato disease-inhibiting soil, providing a method for repairing soil with tomato blight pathogens, ensuring the sustainable development of production of protected tomatoes, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural and breeding wastes and obviously improving the quality and properties of the tomatoes.
The invention aims to realize the following technical scheme, and the preparation method of the functional organic fertilizer for reducing the incidence rate of tomato blight comprises the following steps:
1. preparing raw materials of fermented bait
The raw material components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 60-70 parts of cow dung, 25-35 parts of crushed corn straws and 15-35 parts of rice chaffs, wherein the crushed particle size of the corn straws is 4-6 cm;
2. bait semi-fermentation
Fully and uniformly mixing the cow dung, the crushed corn straws and the rice chaff, piling the mixture in a greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse into a mixture with the height of 30-40cm, the width of 100-200cm and unlimited length, and wetting the mixture by using water to ensure that the water content of the compost material is 60-70% (the hand-extruded raw material has a small amount of water drops for leaching); after 5 days, when the temperature of the feed rises to 70 ℃, the feed is turned over for 1 time to facilitate uniform fermentation, then water is sprayed every 3 to 4 days for turning over, and the half fermentation of the feed is realized after 14 to 16 days;
3. throwing earthworm seeds
Putting earthworm seeds into the semi-fermented bait obtained in the step 2, and putting 200-500kg earthworm seeds into every 100 cubic base materials (semi-fermented bait); after the earthworms are put into the feed pile, the temperature of the feed pile is controlled to be 18-30 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be about 30-40%, the pH is 6.0-6.8, and after 2-3 months, the earthworms decompose the feed pile raw materials to obtain a mixture of the earthworms and the peat-like fertilizer
4. Screening out earthworms
And (4) screening the mixture obtained in the step (3) to obtain the functional organic fertilizer.
Further, the raw material components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 60% of cow dung, 25% of crushed corn straw and 15% of rice chaff.
Further, the functional organic fertilizer contains nutrient elements (the content is shown in the specification: total nitrogen (%) 7.68, total carbon (%) 59.43, C/N7.73 and total phosphorus P2O5(g·kg-1)19.09, Total K2O(g·kg-1)4.13, allCa (g.kg)-1)25.10, all-magnesium Mg (g.kg)-1)2.92, the relative abundance of actinomycete phyla is about 30%, and the pH (water leaching) is 6.0-6.8. Further, the application method of the functional organic fertilizer is that before the field planting of the tomatoes, the functional organic fertilizer is intensively applied to furrows at one time, and the application amount is 1500-2000 Kg/mu.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
(1) through determination, the functional organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method contains various mineral elements such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium and the like, amino acid, protein, carbohydrate and other nutrient substances, and also contains rich bioactive substances such as enzyme, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, phytohormone and the like, and after the functional organic fertilizer is applied, the microbial quantity and the microbial activity in soil can be improved, so that the competitive capacity of microbes which compete with pathogenic bacteria for energy sources in the diseased soil is greatly enhanced.
(2) According to the determination, the functional organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method mainly increases microorganisms of Acidimicrobiaceae (Acidimicrobiaceae) and sedimentary rock bacillus (Ilumaobacter) in soil, and further has an inhibiting effect on Fusarium oxysporum, and both the Acidimicrobiaceae (Acidimicrobiaceae) and the sedimentary rock bacillus (Ilumaobacter) belong to Actinomycetes. Studies by Cha et al (2016) and Trivedi et al (2017) have shown that microorganisms of the phylum actinomycetes (Actinobacillus) have a very good inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum, probably due to antagonism between the phylum actinomycetes (Actinobacillus) and fungal pathogens or to niche overlap.
(3) Through determination, the functional organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method has an obvious effect of reducing the incidence rate of the tomato blight, and compared with a control without applying the functional organic fertilizer, the incidence rate of the tomato blight is reduced by over 55 percent, and the tomato yield is improved by 20-30 percent.
(4) Realizes the resource utilization of agricultural and breeding wastes, can recycle earthworm species and has low cost. The separated earthworms can be used for producing baits and amino acid liquid fertilizers, and can also be used for eliminating pesticide and mulching film residues in soil, thereby playing a better role in developing high-quality organic agriculture.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a functional organic fertilizer for reducing the morbidity of tomato blight, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of crushed corn straws, 15 parts of rice chaff and 100 cubic base materials of earthworms (200 and 500 kg/mu). The length of the crushed corn straw is 4-6 cm.
The preparation method of the functional organic fertilizer for reducing the morbidity of the tomato blight provided by the invention comprises the following steps of:
1. weighing cow dung, crushed corn straw and rice chaff according to the weight proportion;
2. fully and uniformly mixing the cow dung, the crushed corn straws and the rice chaff, piling the mixture in a greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse into a mixture with the height of 30-40cm, the width of 100-200cm and unlimited length, and wetting the mixture by using water to ensure that the water content of the compost material is 60-70% (the hand-extruded raw material has a small amount of water drops for leaching); after 5 days, when the temperature of the material rises to 70 ℃, the material is turned over for 1 time, so as to be beneficial to uniform fermentation. Spraying water and turning for 1 time every several days, after 2 weeks or so, half-fermenting the bait, and then throwing 200 plus 500kg earthworm seeds into the fertilizer pile if the base material is 100 cubic per mu.
3. After the earthworms decompose the material pile raw materials into fine peat-like substances (generally about 2-3 months), the earthworms are separated and screened to obtain a functional organic fertilizer which can be used as the functional organic fertilizer for cultivating tomatoes to reduce the incidence rate of blight.
According to the determination, the functional organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method increases microorganisms of Acidimicrobiaceae and sedimentary rock bacillus (Ilumabacter) in soil, and further has an inhibiting effect on fusarium oxysporum, and both the Acidimicrobiaceae and the sedimentary rock bacillus (Ilumabacter) belong to Actinomycetes.
The method has good fermentation air permeability, and the earthworms are all fresh and alive after the fermentation is finished, are hung on a hook, swing and tumble, grow and propagate quickly, and can be used for secondary fermentation or other productions of baits, amino acid liquid fertilizers and the like.
Nutrient elements and other characteristics of functional organic fertilizer for reducing incidence rate of tomato blight described in table 1
Test example 1: the following test of potted tomatoes is an example of the comparison of the effect of the product on the reduction of Fusarium oxysporum (see Table 2).
The pot culture test soil is taken from a tomato continuous cropping 20a greenhouse, and the copy number of the fusarium oxysporum gene is 75-80 multiplied by 103CFU/gsoil, treated with both functional organic Fertilizer (FM) and no Control (CK). The dosage of the functional organic fertilizer is 13.10g/kg soil (30 t/hm)2) The tomato is used as a base fertilizer to be applied at one time before the field planting, and other fertilizers are treated with the same contrast. Soil and plant samples are collected in the tomato seedling pulling period (105 days after planting), and the quantity of fusarium oxysporum in the soil is determined by a high-throughput sequencing technology. As can be seen from Table 2, the continuous cropping obstacle of the tomatoes is serious in 20 years, and the tomato yield is far lower than that of the tomatoes on normal soil. After the product is applied, the copy number of fusarium oxysporum in the tomato continuous cropping soil is obviously reduced.
TABLE 2 inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum in tomato continuous cropping 20a soil (potted plant test)
Test example 2: taking the field test of tomatoes in autumn and winter in a greenhouse to fix planting 3000 tomato seedlings in each mu of land as an example, the tomato cultivation test is carried out in the soil containing fusarium oxysporum, and the morbidity and the yield of the tomato seedlings are compared, as shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 inhibitory Effect of the products of the present invention on tomato wilt (autumn and winter tomato field test in greenhouse)
The using amount of the product is 2000 kg/mu, the tomato is used as base fertilizer to be applied at one time before field planting, and other fertilizers are treated with the same contrast. And (5) pulling seedlings 30 days after the tomatoes are planted, and investigating the disease condition of the blight.
As can be seen from Table 3, the blight of tomato seedlings is reduced by 354 plants/mu by using the product, and the reduction rate is about 55 percent of the number of plants which do not use the product; the tomato yield is increased by 1950 kg/mu, which accounts for about 30 percent of the tomato yield without using the product. Therefore, by using the product, the incidence rate of tomato seedling blight is obviously reduced, and the tomato yield is obviously increased.
The test result also shows that compared with the control, the product can better maintain the pH and the conductivity of the continuous cropping soil of the tomatoes, improve the activities of polyphenol oxidase and catalase in the soil and acid phosphatase by 15-20%, enhance the disease resistance of the soil and the nutrient effectiveness, promote the growth and development of tomato plants, improve the quality of the tomato fruits, improve the sugar-acid ratio of the tomato fruits by 20-35% and reduce the nitrate content by 10-25%.
The tests show that the application of the product in the tomato continuous cropping 20a soil can effectively reduce the quantity of fusarium oxysporum in the tomato continuous cropping soil. The product reduces the incidence rate of tomato seedling blight by 55 percent, improves the tomato yield by 30 percent, reduces the pesticide consumption, and has considerable ecological benefit and economic benefit.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a functional organic fertilizer for reducing the morbidity of tomato blight is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials of fermented bait
The raw material components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 60-70 parts of cow dung, 25-35 parts of crushed corn straw and 15-35 parts of rice chaff; the length of the crushed corn straw is 4-6 cm;
(2) bait semi-fermentation
Fully and uniformly mixing the cow dung, the crushed corn straws and the rice chaff, piling the mixture in a greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse into a mixture with the height of 30-40cm, the width of 100-200cm and unlimited length, and wetting the mixture by using water to ensure that the water content of the compost material is 60-70%; when the temperature of the feed rises to 70 ℃, the feed is turned for 1 time to facilitate uniform fermentation, then water is sprayed at intervals of 3-4 days for turning treatment, and the half fermentation of the bait is realized after 14-16 days;
(3) throwing earthworm seeds
Putting earthworm seeds into the semi-fermented bait obtained in the step 2, and putting 200-500kg earthworm seeds into every 100 cubic base materials (semi-fermented bait); after the earthworms are put into the feed pile, controlling the temperature of the feed pile to be 18-30 ℃, the humidity to be about 30-40% and the pH to be 6.0-6.8, and after 2-3 months, decomposing the feed pile raw materials by the earthworms to obtain a mixture of the earthworms and the peat-like fertilizer;
(4) screening out earthworms
And (4) screening the mixture obtained in the step (3) to remove earthworms to obtain the functional organic fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the functional organic fertilizer for reducing the incidence rate of the tomato blight according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the fermentation bait comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: 60 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of crushed corn straw and 15 parts of rice chaff.
3. The preparation method of the functional organic fertilizer for reducing the incidence rate of the tomato blight according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the content of the nutrient elements of the functional organic fertilizer is as follows: total nitrogen (%) 7.68, total carbon (%) 59.43, C/N7.73, total phosphorus P2O5（g·kg-1)19.09, Total K2O（g·kg-1)4.13, full Ca (g.kg)-1)25.10, all-magnesium Mg (g.kg)-1)2.92, the relative abundance of actinomycete phyla is about 30%, and the pH (water leaching) is 6.0-6.8.
4. The application method of the functional organic fertilizer for reducing the incidence rate of tomato blight according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: before field planting of the tomatoes, the tomatoes are intensively planted in furrows at one time, and the application amount is 1500-2000 Kg/mu.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113149791A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-23 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer |
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