CN103299420B - 半导体器件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

半导体器件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103299420B
CN103299420B CN201180064314.2A CN201180064314A CN103299420B CN 103299420 B CN103299420 B CN 103299420B CN 201180064314 A CN201180064314 A CN 201180064314A CN 103299420 B CN103299420 B CN 103299420B
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宫坂利幸
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Abstract

本发明提供一种半导体器件及其制造方法。能够提高摄像机的视觉辨认度,从而降低焊接预定部位的检测错误。通过使各引线框架(10、11)的轧痕(19)的方向(轧制方向)一致,能够降低来自各引线框架(10、11)的反射光的强度偏差,因此能够提高摄像机(25)的视觉辨认度,从而能够降低焊接预定部位的检测错误。另外,通过使各引线框架(10、11)的轧痕(19)的方向(轧制方向)一致,能够使各引线框架(10、11)均匀地吸收激光(14),能够期待降低各引线框架(10、11)上的激光焊接的偏差。其结果是,能够减少焊接数量,能够实现降低制造成本。

Description

半导体器件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功率半导体模块等半导体器件及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,功率半导体模块的小型、大容量化持续发展,随之,搭载于功率半导体模块的功率半导体芯片(例如,IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor))以较高的电流密度进行通电使用,因此其散热对策成为重要课题。
即,IGBT等功率半导体器件中,对半导体芯片的接合部温度Tj规定上限保证温度,与此相对,在经由带导电图案的绝缘基板对散热基座(铜基板)安装半导体芯片的单面冷却方式中,半导体芯片的上表面侧被填充于封装内的密封树脂密封,因此几乎不能期待从芯片上表面侧的散热。因此,当随着半导体芯片的小型、大电流化而发热密度增大时,在作为与半导体芯片的上表面电极连接的配线引线而连接(bonding)有铝线的现有的配线构造中,除了难以将芯片的接合部温度抑制在上限保证温度以下,还加上铝线的焦耳热,可能发生线熔断,有可能功率循环容量降低。
另一方面,作为用于提高从半导体芯片上表面的散热性的装置,代替上述铝线,例如使用引线框架。在该情况下,通过焊锡将下侧引线框架固着在半导体芯片的上表面主电极上,与该固着的下侧引线框架的端部重叠地配置上侧引线框架。已知有如下模块构造,将该上侧引线框架和下侧引线框架通过激光焊接等固着,将该引线框架作为传热路径使半导体芯片的产生热也从芯片上表面侧进行散热。
图11~图13是现有的功率半导体模块的结构图,图11是主要部分平面图,图12是图11的A部放大图,图13是以图11的X-X线切断的主要部分示意剖面图。图13中还追加表示有激光。
功率半导体模块500包括:散热基座51、通过焊锡52固着于该散 热基座51上的带导电图案的绝缘基板56、和通过焊锡57固着于该带导电图案的绝缘基板56的导电图案55上的半导体芯片58。带导电图案的绝缘基板56在绝缘基板54的背面形成有导电膜53,在上表面形成有导电图案55。
另外,包括:通过焊锡59固着于该半导体芯片58的上表面电极的下侧引线框架60、通过激光焊接固着于该下侧引线框架60的上侧引线框架61、利用硅粘接剂62a固着于散热基座51且贯通固定有成为外部端子的下侧引线框架60的树脂外壳62、和填充于树脂外壳62内的未图示的凝胶。在上述的各引线框架60、61的配置中,形成于各引线框架60、61上的轧痕69的方向D(轧制方向)没有指定而是随机的。
上述的上侧引线框架61和下侧引线框架60如上所述通过激光焊接固着在一起,该固着部被电连接而形成电流路径。
固着下侧引线框架60和上侧引线框架61的激光焊接通过将从激光射出单元63射出的激光64照射到上侧引线框架61上,使上侧、下侧的引线框架60、61熔融、固化来进行。
激光64的照射是相对于上侧引线框架61的照射面的垂直线66倾斜角度θ=10°~15°程度来进行的。
另外,激光64的固着部65(激光焊接部位)的指定是通过设置于激光射出单元63内的未图示的摄像机和设置于光源及激光射出单元63外的未图示的监控电视来进行的。从光源射出可视光,利用设置于激光射出单元63内的摄像机捕捉来自照射面的反射光,将来自该摄像机的信号传送到监控电视,利用在监控电视中映出的图像指定照射部位。由于使该可视光的光轴与激光的光轴67一致,因此可视光的照射相对于照射面的垂直线66也倾斜角度θ=10°~15°程度进行。
上述的上侧引线框架61和下侧引线框架60的固着部65的接合数量及接合面积是考虑功率半导体模块500的使用条件(通电引起的发热或对可靠性的接合强度)而确定的。
另外,在上侧引线框架61和下侧引线框架60的激光焊接中产生偏差,因此激光焊接的焊接数量考虑到偏差而确定为有剩余的数量。
另外,专利文献1、2中公开有激光焊接多个引线框架的技术。
另外,专利文献3中记载有对于激光焊接中减少偏差的课题,将 引线框架进行粗糙化的半导体器件的制造方法。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:(日本)特开2008-98585号公报
专利文献2:(日本)特开2008-42039号公报
专利文献3:(日本)特开2008-28286号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
图14是引线框架的形成方法,该图(a)~该图(c)是表示工序顺序的主要部分工序图。首先,在该图(a)中,将较厚的铜板72a利用轧制用辊71轧制而形成为规定厚度的铜板72。接着,在该图(b)中,从该规定厚度的铜板72冲裁出希望的引线框架61(在此,表示上侧引线框架)。接着,在该图(c)中,从铜板72取出引线框架61并将规定部位折弯(未图示)。在引线框架61的表面形成了轧制铜板72时的肋状的轧痕69。该肋状的轧痕69在轧制方向D形成,因此形成的轧痕69的方向D与轧制的方向D(轧制方向)一致。
如图12所示,在上侧引线框架61的配置中,上侧引线框架61的轧痕69的方向D是随机的(在此,只表示与直角平行)。为了检测激光焊接预定部位,当将可视光照射到上侧引线框架61时,上侧引线框架61的轧痕69的方向D是随机的,因此可视光的来自照射面的反射强度的偏差变大。因此,摄像机的视觉辨认度降低,而产生焊接预定部位的检测错误。
另外,为了提高激光64的吸收率,在引线框架61(Cu)的表面形成有例如厚度为10μm左右的镀Ni层。
在上述的专利文献1~3中,没有提议使配置的多个引线框架的轧痕的方向(轧制方向)一致地进行激光焊接。
本发明的目的在于,解决所述课题,提供一种能够提高摄像机的视觉辨认度而降低焊接预定部位的检测错误的半导体器件及其制造方法。
用于解决课题的方法
为了实现上述目的,根据第一方面的发明,提供一种半导体器件,其具有:散热基座;通过焊锡固着于该散热基座上的带导电图案的绝缘基板;通过焊锡固着于该带导电图案的绝缘基板的导电图案的半导体芯片;通过焊锡固着于该半导体芯片上的第一导体;利用粘接剂固着于上述散热基座的树脂外壳;和通过激光焊接与上述第一导体固着的第二导体,其中,上述第二导体通过轧制加工而形成,在其表面具有沿着轧制方向形成为肋状的轧痕,上述第二导体使该轧痕的方向一致地配置于上述第一导体上。
另外,根据第二方面的发明,在第一方面的基础上,使上述激光焊接时的激光的光轴相对于与上述第二导体的表面垂直的垂直线倾斜,且使上述轧痕的方向相对于将该倾斜的光轴投影于上述第二导体的表面的投影轴形成大致直角。
另外,根据第三方面的发明,在第一方面的基础上,上述第一导体为下侧引线框架,上述第二导体为上侧引线框架。
另外,根据第四方面的发明,在第一方面的基础上,上述第一导体为散热器或上述导电图案。
另外,根据第五方面的发明,提供一种半导体器件的制造方法,对第二导体的激光焊接预定部位照射可视光,利用摄像机捕捉来自上述预定部位的反射光,将该摄像机的图像映出于监控电视中来指定上述激光焊接预定部位,对该指定的激光焊接预定部位照射激光来将第一导体和上述第二导体激光焊接,在全部的上述第二导体中使通过轧制加工形成的轧痕的方向一致,使上述可视光的射出光轴与上述激光的光轴大致一致,使上述激光的光轴相对于与上述第二导体的表面垂直的垂直线倾斜,使上述轧痕的方向相对于将该倾斜的光轴投影于上述第二导体的表面的投影轴形成大致直角。
发明效果
根据本发明,通过使各引线框架的轧痕的方向(轧制方向)一致,能够降低来自各引线框架的反射光的强度偏差,因此能够提高摄像机的可视性,从而能够降低焊接预定部位的检测错误。
特别是当轧痕的方向相对于可视光的投影轴形成直角时,可视光的反射强度的偏差变小,效果明显。
本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优点通过与表示作为本发明的例子的优选的实施方式的附图相关的下面的说明将变得明朗。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例的半导体器件的主要部分平面图。
图2是图1的A部放大图。
图3是由图1的X-X线切断的主要部分示意剖面图。
图4是表示轧痕相对于可视光的投影轴的方向和可视光的反射强度的偏差的关系的图。
图5是表示轧痕相对于激光的投影轴的方向和激光焊接的偏差的关系的图。
图6是表示本发明第二实施例的半导体器件的制造方法的主要部分制造工序剖面图。
图7是与图6连续地表示本发明第二实施例的半导体器件的制造方法的主要部分制造工序剖面图。
图8是与图7连续地表示本发明第二实施例的半导体器件的制造方法的主要部分制造工序剖面图。
图9是与图8连续地表示本发明第二实施例的半导体器件的制造方法的主要部分制造工序剖面图。
图10是与图9连续地表示本发明第二实施例的半导体器件的制造方法的主要部分制造工序剖面图。
图11是现有的功率半导体模块的主要部分平面图。
图12是图11的A部放大图。
图13是被图11的X-X线切断的主要部分示意剖面图。
图14是引线框架的形成方法,(a)~(c)是按工序顺序表示的主要部分工序图。
符号说明
1 散热基座
2、7、9 焊锡
3 导电膜(导电箔)
4 绝缘基板
5 导电图案
6 带导电图案的绝缘基板
8 半导体芯片
10 下侧引线框架
11 上侧引线框架
12 树脂外壳
12a 硅粘接剂
13 激光射出单元
14 激光
15、15a 固着部
16、16a 垂直线
17 激光的光轴
17a 可视光的光轴
18 激光的投影轴
18a 可视光的投影轴
19 轧痕
25 摄像机
26 监控电视
27 射出光(可视光)
28 反射光(可视光)
D 轧痕的方向(与轧制方向相同)
具体实施方式
利用下面的实施例说明实施方式。
实施例1
图1~图3是本发明第一实施例的半导体器件的结构图,图1是主要部分平面图,图2是图1的A部放大图,图3是被图1的X-X线切断的主要部分示意剖面图。图1的半导体器件100是相当于图11所示的功率半导体模块500的半导体器件。图1中,与A部相同的部分包含A部在3个部位横向排列,所有的引线框架的轧痕19(相当于功率半导体模块500的轧痕69)的方向与箭头D的方向一致。该箭头D 的方向是轧痕19的方向,并且是轧制方向。
半导体器件100包括散热基座1、通过焊锡2固着于该散热基座1上的带导电图案的绝缘基板6、和通过焊锡7固着于该带导电图案的绝缘基板6的导电图案5上的半导体芯片8。带导电图案的绝缘基板6在绝缘基板4的背面形成有导电膜3(导电箔),在上表面形成有导电图案5。
另外,包括通过焊锡9固着于该半导体芯片8的上表面电极的下侧引线框架10、通过激光焊接固着于该下侧引线框架10的上侧引线框架11、利用硅粘接剂12a固着于散热基座1并且贯通固定成为外部端子的下侧引线框架10的树脂外壳12、和填充于树脂外壳12内的未图示的凝胶。
上述的上侧引线框架11和下侧引线框架10如上述通过激光焊接而固着,该固着部15(激光焊接部位)电连接形成电流路径。
固着下侧引线框架10和上侧引线框架11的固着部15是通过对上侧引线框架11照射从激光射出单元13射出的激光14,使上侧和下侧的引线框架10、11熔融、固化而进行的。
激光14的照射相对于上侧引线框架11的照射面(上侧引线框架11的表面)的垂直线16倾斜角度θ=10°~15°程度进行。通过使激光14倾斜,防止由反射光带来的损害。
另外,激光14的照射部位即固着部15的指定是利用设置于激光射出单元13内的摄像机25和设置于未图示的光源及激光射出单元13外的监控电视26来进行的。如图9所示,从光源射出可视光(射出光27),由设置于激光射出单元13内的摄像机25捕捉来自照射面的反射光28,并将来自该摄像机25的信号传送到监控电视26,利用在监控电视26中映出的图像指定照射部位。由于使该可视光的光轴17a与图3的激光14的光轴17一致,因此可视光的光轴17a相对于照射面的垂直线16a也倾斜10°~15°程度。
另外,图2表示沿上侧引线框架11的轧制方向D形成的轧痕19。图3(a)中也同时表示激光14,图3(b)中表示投影到激光14的上侧引线框架11上的投影轴18。
图4是表示轧痕相对于可视光的投影轴的方向和可视光的反射强 度的偏差的关系的图。轧痕19的方向D,如现有技术直角和平行混合的情况下偏差最大,在直角的情况下偏差最小。
在图1~图3中,使上侧引线框架11的轧痕19的方向D全部一致地将上侧引线框架11与下侧引线框架10重叠配置。图中,表示有3种上侧引线框架11和3种下侧引线框架10。如图3所示,轧痕19的方向D(与轧制方向D相同)相对于将激光14的光轴17投影到上侧引线框架11的投影轴18形成大致直角。此时,由于使可视光的光轴17a和激光14的光轴17一致,因此可视光的光轴17a的投影轴18a相对于轧痕19的方向D也形成大致直角。在此,大致直角是指90°±10°的范围。在下面的说明中,将大致直角简称为直角。另外,如图3所示,投影轴18是指将激光14的光轴17投影到正下方的上侧引线框架上的轴。
这样,通过使各上侧引线框架11的轧痕19的方向D相对于可视光(光轴17a)的投影轴18a都成直角,如图4所示,可视光的来自固着部15的照射面的反射光的强度的偏差变小,能够提高摄像机25的视觉辨认度。其结果是,能够减少固着部15的检测错误。
另外,在能够使激光射出单元13和摄像机25、半导体器件100(功率半导体模块)的方向可动的情况下,不需要考虑轧痕19的方向D(轧制方向),但如果是本发明的结构,则不需要设置该可动机构,因此能够降低装置成本。
另外,实施例1仅以将引线框架10、11彼此进行激光焊接的情况为例进行了列举说明,但也能够适用于将上侧引线框架11激光焊接于散热片的情况和将上侧引线框架11激光焊接于带导电图案的绝缘基板6的情况。
另外,实施例1中,表示了可视光(光轴17a)的投影轴18a相对于轧痕19的方向D成直角的情况,但也可以是平行的情况。即,通过使轧痕19的方向D一致,与轧痕19的方向D为随机的情况(直角、并列混合的情况)相比,如从图4可知,可视光的反射光的强度的偏差变小。
另外,在使用图11~图13说明的现有的功率半导体模块中,在多数的上侧引线框架61和下侧引线框架60的激光焊接中产生偏差,产 生没有激光焊接的部位或不完全焊接的部位。因此,为了可靠地确保焊接的部位,需要将进行激光焊接的部位数量增加到实际上需要的数量以上,制造成本增大。另外,激光焊接的偏差是指固着部65的焊接深度的偏差、焊接时有无熔融物的溅出、焊接面积的偏差等。
对于现有技术,在本实施例的结构中,通过使各引线框架的轧痕的方向(轧制方向)一致,能够提高摄像机的视觉辨认度,因此进而使各引线框架中的激光的吸收均匀,能够期待降低激光焊接的偏差。其结果是,能够减少焊接数量,从而期待降低制造成本。特别是当轧痕的方向相对于激光的投影轴形成直角时能够期待明显的效果。
图5是表示该效果的图,即表示轧痕相对于激光的投影轴的方向和激光焊接的偏差关系的图。可预测在轧痕19的方向D如现有技术那样直角和平行随机混合的情况下偏差最大,在直角的情况下偏差最小。
如图3所示,通过使上侧引线框架11的轧痕19的方向D相对于激光14的投影轴18统一为直角地配置,激光焊接的偏差变小,能够期待减少焊接数量。
另外,图中的P表示高电位侧端子,N表示低电位侧端子,U表示U相端子,V表示V相端子,W表示W相端子。
实施例2
图6~图10是表示本发明第二实施例的半导体器件的制造方法的工序图,即是按工序顺序表示的主要部分制造工序剖面图。
图6中,从轧制加工所得的铜板21切出上侧引线框架11。此时,预测在半导体器件100(功率半导体模块)中配置的部位,以全部的上侧引线框架11(在此,表示A部的部位)的轧痕19的方向D(轧制方向)相同的方式切制。
接着,图7中,在半导体芯片8的表面电极上配置下侧引线框架10。该下侧引线框架10的轧制方向不需要如上侧引线框架11那样一致,也可以是随机的。当然,也可以一致。
接着,图8中,在下侧引线框架10上以轧痕19的方向一致的方式配置上侧引线框架11。
接着,图9中,从激光射出单元13内的光源对上侧引线框架11照射可视光,利用摄像机25捕捉来自照射面的反射光28,将该信号传 送到监控电视26,根据监控电视26的图像指定进行激光焊接的固着部15a(激光焊接部位)。如上述,使轧痕19的方向D相对于可视光的上侧引线框架11上的投影轴18a形成直角。
接着,图10中,从激光射出单元13使激光14相对于上侧引线框架11的表面的垂直线16倾斜角度θ=10°~15°程度地照射到固着部15a,将上侧引线框架11和下侧引线框架10激光焊接。如上述,使轧痕19的方向D相对于激光14的上侧引线框架11上的投影轴18形成直角。
这样,使各上侧引线框架11的轧痕19的方向D一致地进行配置,且如上述那样使该轧痕19的方向D相对于可视光的投影轴18a形成直角,由此能够提高摄像机25的视觉辨认度,能够减少固着部15a的检测错误。
另外,使各上侧引线框架11的轧痕19的方向D一致地进行配置,且使轧痕19的方向D相对于激光14的投影轴18形成直角,由此激光焊接的偏差变小,能够期待焊接数量的降低。
上述只表示本发明的原理。另外,对本领域从业人员来说可以进行许多变形、变更,本发明不限定于上述所示、说明的精确的结构及应用例,对应的所有的变形例及均等物看作为添加的权利要求及其均等物规定的本发明的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种半导体器件,其特征在于,具有:
散热基座;通过焊锡固着于所述散热基座上的带导电图案的绝缘基板;通过焊锡固着于所述带导电图案的绝缘基板的导电图案的至少两个半导体芯片;通过焊锡固着于所述半导体芯片上的至少两个第一导体;利用粘接剂固着于所述散热基座的树脂外壳;和通过激光焊接而与各所述第一导体固着的至少两个第二导体,
各所述第二导体通过轧制加工而形成,在其表面具有沿着轧制方向形成为肋状的轧痕,多个所述第二导体以彼此的所述轧痕的方向一致的方式配置于所述第一导体上。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其特征在于:
使所述激光焊接时的激光的光轴相对于与所述第二导体的表面垂直的垂直线倾斜,且使所述轧痕的方向相对于该倾斜光轴的投影在所述第二导体的表面上的投影轴形成大致直角。
3.如权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其特征在于:
所述第一导体为下侧引线框架,所述第二导体为上侧引线框架。
4.如权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其特征在于:
所述第一导体为散热器或所述导电图案。
5.一种半导体器件的制造方法,其特征在于:
对第二导体的激光焊接预定部位照射可视光,利用摄像机捕捉来自所述预定部位的反射光,将所述摄像机的图像映出于监控电视中指定所述激光焊接预定部位,对该指定的激光焊接预定部位照射激光将第一导体和所述第二导体激光焊接,
在全部的所述第二导体中使通过轧制加工形成的轧痕的方向一致,使所述可视光的射出光轴与所述激光的光轴大致一致,使所述激光的光轴相对于与所述第二导体的表面垂直的垂直线倾斜,使所述轧痕的方向相对于该倾斜光轴的投影在所述第二导体的表面上的投影轴形成大致直角。
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