CN103270191A - 用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法 - Google Patents
用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
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Abstract
本发明提供一种能够对折射率低于AZO膜的ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜进行DC溅射的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法。本发明的溅射靶由氧化物烧结体构成,所述氧化物烧结体具有如下成分组成,即相对于总金属成分量含有Al:0.3~4.0wt%、Si:6.0~14.5wt%,剩余部分由Zn及不可避免的杂质组成,该烧结体的组织中存在复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO。该溅射靶的制造方法具有如下工序:将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末混合成Al2O3:0.5~5.0wt%、SiO2:10~22wt%、剩余部分:由ZnO及不可避免的杂质组成,以此来作为混合粉末;及将所述混合粉末在真空中以热压进行烧结。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用形成薄膜太阳能电池用的低折射率的透明膜即ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,薄膜太阳能电池被提供于实际应用中。该薄膜太阳能电池具有如下基本结构,即形成有AZO(Al-Zn-O:Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide:掺铝氧化锌)等透明电极层,并为了防反射而进一步在该透明电极层上形成低折射率的透明膜。
上述低折射率的透明膜是为了通过配设于透明导电膜的上侧来缓和与大气的折射率的变化,从而防止反射而设置的。以往,例如如专利文献1中所记载,透明导电层上的低折射率透明膜由MgF2等形成。并且,例如如专利文献2中所记载,为了将各层的折射率差抑制为较小并抑制界面上的反射来增加到达受光面的光量,且为了连续增大折射率,形成有多层防反射膜。
专利文献1:日本专利公开2001-257374号公报
专利文献2:日本专利公开平7-235684号公报
发明内容
上述以往的技术中留有以下课题。即,作为低折射率的透明膜,以往采用折射率为1.37(相对于波长为550nm的光)的MgF2膜,但该MgF2膜下的透明导电层即AZO膜的折射率为1.8(相对于波长为550nm的光),由此存在因两者的折射率差而产生不少光反射的问题。因此,使具有比AZO膜更低且接近MgF2膜的折射率的透明膜介于两者之间,以此期望阶段性改变折射率并抑制光反射。并且,期望能够以生产率优异的DC(直流)溅射来成膜这种太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶。
本发明是鉴于上述课题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种能够对折射率低于AZO膜的ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜进行DC溅射的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法。
本发明人等根据若使AZO膜含有SiO2则折射率下降,由此为了制造能够成膜ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜来作为太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶而进行了研究。在该研究中,将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末的混合粉末进行大气烧成或进行氮气氛烧成来制作溅射靶时,SiO2与ZnO进行反应而成为复合氧化物,电阻变高至1×106Ω/cm2以上而发生异常放电,从而产生无法进行DC溅射的问题。并且,若将SiO2的含量设定为较少,则以上述制法也可获得低电阻的溅射靶,但通过该溅射靶成膜时,无法获得作为太阳能电池用透明膜所需的低折射率。因此,本发明人等在进行上述研究时查明,通过将成分组成控制在规定范围内来进行热压,可获得低电阻且能够进行良好的DC溅射的溅射靶,通过利用该溅射靶来溅射成膜,可获得低折射率的ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜。
因此,本发明由上述见解而获得,且为了解决所述课题而采用了以下构成。即,本发明的溅射靶的特征在于,其由具有如下成分组成的氧化物烧结体构成,即相对于总金属成分量含有Al:0.3~4.0wt%、Si:6.0~14.5wt%,剩余部分由Zn及不可避免的杂质组成,该烧结体的组织中存在复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO。
该用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶由具有如下成分组成的氧化物烧结体构成,即相对于总金属成分量含有Al:0.3~4.0wt%、Si:6.0~14.5wt%,剩余部分由Zn及不可避免的杂质组成,该烧结体的组织中存在复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO,因此通过复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO在组织中共存而可获得导电性,能够进行良好的DC溅射,并且可获得折射率低于AZO膜且适用于太阳能电池用透明膜的ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜。
并且,将上述Al的含量设为0.3~4.0wt%的理由在于,小于0.3wt%时,无法获得充分的导电性,发生异常放电而无法进行DC溅射,若超过4.0wt%,则发生由产生的Al2O3与ZnO的复合氧化物ZnAl2O4所引起的异常放电,从而无法进行DC溅射。并且,将上述Si的含量设为6.0~14.5wt%的理由在于,小于6.0wt%时,无法获得降低折射率的充分效果,若超过14.5wt%,则无法获得充分的导电性,发生异常放电而无法进行DC溅射。
并且,本发明的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的特征在于,所述烧结体的密度以理论密度比计为100~108%。在该用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶中,烧结体的密度为理论密度的100~108%,因此能够进行DC溅射并且能够抑制靶破裂等。即,将上述烧结体的密度以理论密度比计设为100~108%的理由在于,小于100%时,产生靶破裂等问题,若超过108%,则导致大部分都成为复合氧化物Zn2SiO4的组织,无法进行基于DC溅射的放电。在此,在理论密度比的计算中使用如下值来进行计算,即ZnO为5.61g/cm3、SiO2为2.20g/cm3、Al2O3为3.99g/cm3。
并且,本发明的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的特征在于,体电阻值为1Ω·cm以下。即,在该用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶中,体电阻值为1Ω·cm以下,因此能够稳定地进行良好的DC溅射。
本发明的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的制造方法的特征在于,其为制作上述用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的方法,具有如下工序:将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末混合成Al2O3:0.5~5.0wt%、SiO2:10~22wt%、剩余部分:由ZnO及不可避免的杂质组成,以此来作为混合粉末;及将所述混合粉末在真空中以热压进行烧结。即,在该用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的制造方法中,具有将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末以上述范围进行混合来作为混合粉末的工序、及将所述混合粉末在真空中以热压进行烧结的工序,因此能够稳定地进行良好的DC溅射,并能够制作可成膜低折射率透明膜的溅射靶。
根据本发明,起到以下效果。即,根据本发明所涉及的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶,其由具有如下成分组成的氧化物烧结体构成,即相对于总金属成分量含有Al:0.3~4.0wt%、Si:6.0~14.5wt%,剩余部分由Zn及不可避免的杂质组成,该烧结体的组织中存在复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO,因此能够进行良好的DC溅射,并且可获得折射率低于AZO膜且适用于太阳能电池用透明膜的ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜。并且,根据本发明的溅射靶的制造方法,能够通过将以上述范围进行混合Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末的混合粉末在真空中以热压进行烧结,制作上述溅射靶。因此,在使用本发明的溅射靶通过DC溅射来成膜的太阳能电池用透明膜中,可获得作为在薄膜太阳能电池的AZO膜(透明电极层)上形成的防反射用透明膜所需的低折射率,并且能够以低成本制作转换效率良好的薄膜太阳能电池。
附图说明
图1是在本发明所涉及的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法的一实施方式中,表示溅射靶的制造工序的流程图。
图2是表示采用了本实施方式的太阳能电池用透明膜的薄膜太阳能电池的概要剖视图。
图3是在本发明所涉及的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法的实施例中,表示溅射靶的X射线衍射(XRD)的分析结果的曲线图。
图4是在本发明所涉及的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法的比较例(大气烧成)中,表示溅射靶的X射线衍射(XRD)的分析结果的曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下,参考图1及图2对本发明所涉及的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法的一实施方式进行说明。
本实施方式的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶为如下的靶:由具有如下成分组成的氧化物烧结体构成,即相对于总金属成分量含有Al:0.3~4.0wt%、Si:6.0~14.5wt%,剩余部分由Zn及不可避免的杂质组成,该烧结体的组织中存在复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO。并且,该溅射靶的烧结体的密度为理论密度的100~108%。并且,该溅射靶的体电阻值为1Ω·cm以下。
本实施方式的制作用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的方法具有如下工序:将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末混合成Al2O3:0.5~5.0wt%、SiO2:10~22wt%、剩余部分:由ZnO及不可避免的杂质组成,以此来作为混合粉末;及将该混合粉末在真空中以热压进行烧结。
对于上述制法的一例进行详述,例如如图1所示,首先将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末以成为上述含量范围的方式进行称量,并通过湿式球磨机进行粉碎、混合来制作混合粉末。例如,将称量所获得的各粉末与氧化锆球放入塑料容器(聚乙烯制壶)中,并以球磨装置湿式混合预定时间来作为混合粉末。另外,溶剂例如使用醇。
接着,干燥所获得的混合粉末后,例如用网眼为250μm的筛子进行造粒,进一步真空干燥后,例如以1200℃且200kgf/cm2的压力在真空中热压5小时来作为烧结体。另外,热压温度优选1100~1250℃的范围,压力优选150~350kgf/cm2的范围。如此进行热压的烧结体,一般利用放电加工、切削或磨削法来机械加工成指定形状的靶,将加工后的靶以In为焊料结合于由Cu、SUS(不锈钢)或其他金属(例如Mo)构成的垫板上以供溅射。
另外,作为其他制造方法也可为如下方法:以纯水为溶剂并使用内容积为300L的球磨装置来进行基于上述制造方法的湿式球磨机的粉碎、混合,之后,将通过喷雾干燥进行干燥造粒的产物进一步以干式球磨机进行粉碎,并将该粉碎粉末与上述同样地进行热压。并且,也可为省略了基于上述干式球磨机的粉碎工序的方法。
利用该实施方式的溅射靶进行DC溅射的太阳能电池用透明膜具有如下成分组成,即含有Al2O3:0.5~5.0wt%、SiO2:10~22wt%,剩余部分由ZnO及不可避免的杂质组成。采用了该太阳能电池用透明膜的薄膜太阳能电池例如如图2所示,构成为在钠钙玻璃基板1上以Mo背面电极2、CIGS吸收层3、n型半导体层即ZnO、ZnS、ZnOH、CdS等缓冲层4、高电阻层即i-ZnO缓冲层5、上部透明电极层即AZO电极6、防反射膜7a、7b及表面电极8的顺序层叠,MgF2膜即防反射膜7b与AZO电极6之间的防反射膜7a作为本实施方式的太阳能电池用透明膜。
如此,在本实施方式的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶中,由具有如下成分组成的氧化物烧结体构成,即相对于总金属成分量含有Al:0.3~4.0wt%、Si:6.0~14.5wt%,剩余部分由Zn及不可避免的杂质组成,该烧结体的组织中存在复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO,由此通过复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO在组织中共存可获得导电性,并能够进行良好的DC溅射,并且可获得折射率低于AZO膜且适用于太阳能电池用透明膜的ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜。
并且,该用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的烧结体密度为理论密度的100~108%,因此能够进行DC溅射并且能够抑制靶破裂等。并且,该用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的体电阻值为1Ω·cm以下,因此能够稳定地进行良好的DC溅射。
并且,在本实施方式的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的制造方法中,具有将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末以上述范围进行混合来作为混合粉末的工序、及将该混合粉末在真空中以热压进行烧结的工序,因此能够稳定地进行良好的DC溅射,并能够制作可成膜低折射率透明膜的上述溅射靶。
并且,在利用该溅射靶进行DC溅射所获得的防反射用透明膜中,具有以上述含量范围含有Al2O3、SiO2且剩余部分由ZnO及不可避免的杂质组成的成分组成,因此,可获得作为在薄膜太阳能电池的透明电极层上形成的防反射用透明膜所需的低折射率,通过采用该膜,能够作为太阳能电池而获得高转换效率。
实施例
关于对根据上述本实施方式实际制作的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的实施例进行评价的结果,在以下进行说明。
本实施例的制造通过以下条件来进行。首先,将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末以表1所示的各比例进行称量,将所获得的粉末与其4倍量(重量比)的氧化锆球(直径为5mm的球与直径为10mm的球各一半)放入10L的塑料容器(聚乙烯制壶)中,并以球磨装置湿式混合48小时来作为混合粉末。另外,溶剂例如使用醇。
接着,干燥所获得的混合粉末后,例如用网眼为250μm的筛子进行造粒,进一步真空干燥后,以1200℃且200kgf/cm2的压力在真空中热压5小时来作为烧结体。将如此进行热压的烧结体机械加工成指定形状的靶(直径为125mm,厚度为10mm),将加工后的产物结合于由无氧铜构成的垫板上来制作本实施例的溅射靶。
并且,作为比较例1~11,将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末以表1所示的各比例进行称量,将所获得的各粉末进行混合,以0.6t/cm2进行冲压,再用CIP(冷等静压机)以175MPa成型,并将其以1400℃进行大气烧成来制作出溅射靶。并且,作为比较例12~14,以本发明的成分组成的范围外且示于表1的各比例进行称量,并以与本实施例相同的条件进行真空热压来制作出溅射靶。
并且,进行了如下尝试,即将这些溅射靶安装于磁控溅射装置中,以电源:DC、输入电力:200W、达到真空度:1×10-4Pa、溅射气体:Ar及溅射压力:0.67Pa的条件,在加热至200℃的玻璃基板(康宁公司1737#,纵:20×横:20,厚度:0.7mm)上形成具有300nm膜厚的透明膜。
如此制作的本发明的实施例及比较例中,对烧结体的密度(理论密度比)、有无基于X射线衍射法(XRD)的ZnO(101)及Zn2SiO4(410)的衍射峰、可否进行DC溅射、体电阻值、进行60分钟DC溅射时的异常放电次数、及进行了DC溅射的透明膜的折射率(相对于波长为380nm、550nm、750nm的光)分别进行测定、评价。将该结果示于表1。
如从该结果可知,利用大气烧成的比较例中的Al2O3含量较少且不含SiO2的比较例1、2中,异常放电次数较多而无法进行稳定的DC溅射,在含有一定量的Al2O3但不含SiO2的比较例3~5中无法获得低折射率。并且,利用大气烧成的比较例中的Al2O3含量较多且不含SiO2的比较例6、7中,异常放电次数较多而无法进行稳定的DC溅射,在含有Al2O3与SiO2的比较例8~11中,异常放电次数较多或靶不具有导电性而无法进行DC溅射。另外,比较例1~7中,密度均小于理论密度的100%。
另外,利用热压的比较例中的SiO2含量少于本发明范围的比较例12中,无法获得低折射率,SiO2含量多于本发明范围的比较例13中,靶不具有导电性而无法进行DC溅射。并且,Al2O3含量多于本发明范围的比较例14中,异常放电次数较多而无法进行稳定的DC溅射。另外,比较例8、12、14中,在XRD中观察到ZnO(101)及Zn2SiO4(410)两个峰,但Al或Si的含量超出了本发明的范围,因此会产生上述不良状况。
相对于此,本实施例在XRD中均观察到ZnO(101)及Zn2SiO4(410)两个峰,异常放电次数非常少而能够稳定地进行良好的DC溅射,关于折射率也均能够获得低于AZO膜的折射率。并且,关于密度,本实施例中均在理论密度的100~108%的范围内。
接着,关于表1所示的实施例3(SiO2:20wt%),将以X射线衍射法(XRD)观察的结果示于图3。该实施例3中,观察到复合氧化物Zn2SiO4的(410)的衍射峰与ZnO的(101)的衍射峰均为较高的强度。相对于此,通过与实施例3相同的成分组成以大气烧成制作出的比较例中,如图4所示无法获得ZnO的(101)的衍射峰。如此,为了获得导电性,需要如本实施例,使复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO在组织中共存。
另外,本发明的技术范围并非限定于上述实施方式及上述实施例,在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内能够进行各种变更。
符号的说明
1-钠钙玻璃基板,2-Mo背面电极,3-CIGS吸收层,4-缓冲层,5-i-ZnO缓冲层,6-AZO电极,7a-防反射膜(太阳能电池用透明膜),7b-防反射膜(MgF2膜),8-表面电极。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶,其特征在于,
由具有如下成分组成的氧化物烧结体构成,即相对于总金属成分量含有Al:0.3~4.0wt%、Si:6.0~14.5wt%,剩余部分由Zn及不可避免的杂质组成,该烧结体的组织中存在复合氧化物Zn2SiO4与ZnO。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶,其特征在于,
所述烧结体的密度以理论密度比计为100~108%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶,其特征在于,
体电阻值为1Ω·cm以下。
4.一种用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的制造方法,其特征在于,其为制作权利要求1所述的用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶的方法,具有如下工序:
将Al2O3粉末、SiO2粉末及ZnO粉末混合成Al2O3:0.5~5.0wt%、SiO2:10~22wt%、剩余部分:由ZnO及不可避免的杂质组成,以此来作为混合粉末;及将所述混合粉末在真空中以热压进行烧结。
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CN114127029A (zh) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-03-01 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 氧化物溅射靶 |
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CN103270191B (zh) * | 2011-02-10 | 2016-10-05 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 用于形成太阳能电池用透明膜的溅射靶及其制造方法 |
JP5892016B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-19 | 2016-03-23 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化亜鉛スパッタリングターゲットとその製造方法 |
WO2014069367A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-08 | Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 | 導電性酸化物焼結体及び該導電性酸化物を用いた低屈折率膜 |
JP6024545B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-11-16 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化亜鉛系焼結体とその製造方法およびスパッタリングターゲット |
DE102016215485A1 (de) | 2015-08-21 | 2017-02-23 | Yazaki Corporation | Energieübertragende Kommunikationseinheit und energieübertragende Kommunikationsvorrichtung |
WO2018168111A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-09-20 | Jx金属株式会社 | Al2O3スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 |
CN107522484A (zh) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-12-29 | 广西新未来信息产业股份有限公司 | 一种氧化锌铝靶材的制备方法 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5747922B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
KR20170024124A (ko) | 2017-03-06 |
TWI556465B (zh) | 2016-11-01 |
JP5943226B2 (ja) | 2016-06-29 |
JPWO2012108157A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
JP2015163741A (ja) | 2015-09-10 |
TWI600175B (zh) | 2017-09-21 |
CN103270191B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
TW201640695A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
WO2012108157A1 (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
KR20140004147A (ko) | 2014-01-10 |
CN106187154A (zh) | 2016-12-07 |
TW201248903A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
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