CN103262775B - Method for planting trees in desert environment - Google Patents
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- CN103262775B CN103262775B CN201310144580.7A CN201310144580A CN103262775B CN 103262775 B CN103262775 B CN 103262775B CN 201310144580 A CN201310144580 A CN 201310144580A CN 103262775 B CN103262775 B CN 103262775B
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Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting trees in a desert environment. The method includes steps of a, laying mulching films on side walls and bottoms of planting holes; b, soaking all parts of roots of the trees in rooting powder solution and then placing the roots of the trees in the planting holes; c, filling grass carbon soil and earth surface soil mixtures into the planting holes; and d, enclosing the trees by barrages and watering the trees. Tree species suitable to grow in the desert environment are selected to mainly solve the problem of low survival rate of nursery trees in the desert environment, and the trees are planted in different locations of a desert according to characteristics of the different tree species, so that survival of the trees is guaranteed, the characteristics of the trees are sufficiently played, the trees can normally grow, the characteristics of sand prevention and water retention of the trees can be played, and the method has the advantages of simplicity, wide material source, low manufacturing cost and high survival rate of nursery trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of afforestation, be specifically related to the forest planting method under a kind of desert Environment.
Background technology
Due to reasons such as arid, orazings too closely, Inner Mongolian grassland desertifies day by day, and original desert is spread gradually.For this reason, country drops into substantial contribution for control of desert.But, because desert has the features such as water penetration is extremely strong, moisture capacity extreme difference, variations in temperature large, wind in spring large sandy soil mobility is strong, make afforestation become very difficult.
Under prior art normal use under bottom plant pit, laying plastic delays moisture ooze, increase local soil humidity, surface coating carries out the technology that preserves soil moisture, survival rate of transplanted seedling tree is greatly improved, and pouring water is also saved.But due to environmental limitations, the measure of soil moved in improve the original local improving can not be taked.Investigation result shows: after watering in plant pit, its soil moisture content is only 17%, as can be seen here, even if take above-mentioned measure, also must ensure must water a water in 3 days, otherwise, nursery stock lack of water will be caused dead.In addition, due to front nursery stock dehydration of taking root, bare-rooted planting root there is cavity, survive rear arid, choice of tree species, planting site select and damage by disease and insect popular etc., all cause nursery stock dead in various degree, to plant dark nursery stock main causes of death especially, through investigation, nursery stock buried depth of planting can reach 40-50cm the most deeply.Although this way plays Anti-blow-open and drought-resistant ability, because subsurface temperature is too low, the evaporation of wind is on the ground strong, often causes nursery stock stripping dead.Even if what wherein have survives, because top is dead, base portion sends forth branches bar, and become shrubbery from arbor, this situation is seen everywhere.Especially willow and willow plant after Second Year often to cause spring nursery stock full wafer dead.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of above technology, the object of this invention is to provide the forest planting method under a kind of desert Environment, to improve plant percent and to realize the maximizing the benefits of control of desert.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the forest planting method under a kind of desert Environment, comprises the following steps: the sidewall of a. in kind of plant hole and bottom laying plastic; B. kind of a plant hole is put into by after all partial wetting rooting powder solutions of trees ' root; C. turfy soil is mixed with ground surface soil and backfill kind of a plant hole; D. carry out cofferdam and water.
Mulch film bottom described kind of plant hole can compared with the ground thickness of sidewall, and described bottom mulch film can be provided with hole.
When the tree root of planting trees is naked, can dip in wet described tree root with rooting powder solution, the mass concentration of described rooting powder solution is preferably 0.15-0.2%; When the tree root of plantation trees is with native ball, can water described tree root with rooting powder solution, the concentration of described root-inducing powder can be determined according to the height of trees, and height is within 3 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is preferably 0.15-0.2%; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is preferably 0.3-0.4%; Height is more than 5 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is preferably 0.6-0.8%.
When the tree root of planting trees is naked, the consumption of described turfy soil is preferably 0.02-0.04m
3, during backfill soil, can banket while rock trees, and trees are mentioned 4-6cm; When the tree root of plantation trees is with native ball, soil ball is placed on righting after kind of plant hole central authorities, show to maintain an equal level in soil ball height and original place, when planting on the slope, described native ball height is consistent with table slope 1/2, original place place, the consumption of described turfy soil is determined according to the height of trees, and height is within 3 meters, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.02-0.04m
3; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.04-0.08m
3; Height is more than 5 meters, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.06-0.12m
3, the landfill height of backfill soil is higher than described native ball surface 4-6cm.
In described steps d, cofferdam height is 15-20cm.
Water in described steps d and can comprise the following steps: when (1) first time waters, water pipe is inserted the bottom of described kind of plant hole, soil is made all heavy real, the water surface to return top to described cofferdam, the height of soil in rear kind of plant hole is oozed in underwater should be consistent with ground level, as inconsistent, arrangement should be done smooth, lay the mulch film of close proximity to ground afterwards at ground surface; (2) situation occurred according to described trees lack of water is carried out second time and waters later, when second time is watered, described mulch film is pricked several holes, water pipe is put on the ground of backfill soil in kind of plant hole, water after water immediately by mulch film surface earthing 4-6mm, follow-up when watering, the ground surface after watering after watering carries out earthing.
Described trees can comprise evergreen tree and deciduous tree, and described evergreen tree can comprise Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and dragon spruce, and described deciduous tree can comprise Xinjiang poplar, Inner Mongol poplar, Inner Mongol dry land willow, American elm, sea-buckthorn, arrow-leaved oleaster, salix monogolica and caragana microphylla.
Described evergreen tree can spray antitranspirant to entirely setting after first time waters, and in case of the rainy day need fill spray, each amount of spraying should ensure that the needle that the rear described evergreen needle of sprinkling does not spray is hard and rough; Described deciduous tree needs full tree to spray the agricultural chemicals of anti-rot after having planted.
Described antitranspirant can be the aqueous solution of high viscosity carboxycellulose, and the ratio range of described high viscosity carboxycellulose and water is 1:70-1:90.
After planting tree is good, at least three pillars can be adopted to support trees, one end of described pillar is fixed on ground, the trunk part of the other end and described trees can also be fixed by cross-contact, angle between described pillar and ground is 30-60 degree, and the angle formed between each adjacent described pillar is preferably identical.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention selects the seeds being suitable for desert Environment growth, and select to plant in the different location in desert according to the characteristic of different tree species, not only ensure that the existence of trees but also the feature of trees is given full play to, make trees not only can normal growth but also the characteristic of himself sand prevention water conservation can be played, the present invention greatly can improve plant percent and way is simple, material extensively, cost is lower;
The present invention's laying plastic in kind of plant hole effectively can delay moisture penetration and suppress moisture to evaporate, strengthen the drought-resistant ability of trees, add and adopt turfy soil to mix with ground surface soil as landfill soil, turfy soil is after suctioning water, its weight is up to 16 times of own wt, slow releasing water effective can increase trees drought-resistant ability, save the pouring water of more than 1/3rd;
Change in kind of plant hole topsoil not only increase sandy soil fertility and also due to top layer sandy soil particle diameter less, also increase the water retention capacity of sandy soil, saving pours water more increases the resistance of trees;
The present invention is in planting of plants process, rooting powder solution is used to water tree root, can promote that tree root grows new root quickly, the use of mulch film makes ground temperature improve 2 DEG C, condition is provided for rooting powder solution plays a role, accomplish lower short upper control in conjunction with antitranspirant, avoid the dust storm in desert to take away the adverse effect of tree body moisture;
The present invention waters and water pipe is inserted the bottom of kind of plant hole first time, water is accumulated from the bottom to top, heavy real soil, avoid tradition to water from top to bottom and cause water thoroughly not unreal defect and naked tree problem, the problem includes: root cavity problem, thus reduction nursery stock causes dead probability because of arid, greatly improves the survival rate of nursery stock;
Before watering freeze-up water to trees, cleaning is carried into the sandy soil in cofferdam because blowing, and avoids trees stripping in spring dead, improves plant percent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the overall structure schematic diagram adopting the present invention to plant an embodiment of trees;
Fig. 3 is the front view adopting the present invention to plant the trunk supporting construction of trees;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view adopting the present invention to plant the trunk supporting construction of trees.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides the forest planting method under a kind of desert Environment, mainly comprise the following steps: the sidewall of a. in kind of plant hole and bottom lay have delay moisture under ooze the mulch film of effect; B. by all partial wetting rooting powder solutions of trees ' root, make tree root all to speckle with rooting powder solution and be beneficial to take root, afterwards tree root is positioned in kind of plant hole; C. kind of a plant hole is backfilled after being mixed with ground surface soil by turfy soil; D. carry out cofferdam and water.
Before planting, the preparation of material comprises: root-inducing powder, agricultural plastic ground membrane, turfy soil, hack lever and iron wire, the auxiliary thing of pad etc.
As shown in Figure 2, for the overall structure schematic diagram adopting the present invention to plant an embodiment of trees, the mulch film 1 that bottom in kind plant hole, sidewall and ground surface ooze under being equipped with and preventing moisture, bottom and top laying plastic make moisture penetration slow down, top controls moisture evaporation, and bottom is oozed under suppressing moisture.Backfill soil 2 be ground surface soil with turfy soil mix sandy soil.
The mulch film of described kind of plant hole inner bottom part is than the ground thickness 0.02mm of surrounding sidewall, such as, 1-2 layer mulch film can be laid at the sidewall of kind of plant hole surrounding, 3-4 layer mulch film is laid in the bottom of described kind of plant hole, broken to prevent the pressure of the water and soil of trees ' root to mulch film from crossing ambassador's bottomland film, the mulch film of described bottom is provided with the hole that diameter is 5-7mm, as 5mm, 6mm or 7mm.
When the tree root of planting trees is naked, wipe out splitting root, then dip in wet described naked with rooting powder solution, the concentration of rooting powder solution is 0.15-0.2%, as 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%; When planting the tree root of trees with native ball, watering native ball surface (containing rhizome portion) and surrounding with rooting powder solution and to be completely cured place, if affect that trees take root by thick straw pad or sunshade net one class pack and must open.The concentration of rooting powder solution is determined according to the height of trees, and height is within 3 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is preferably 0.15-0.2%, as 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%0.2%; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is preferably 0.3-0.4%, as 0.3%, 0.32%, 0.35%, 0.38% or 0.4%; Height is more than 5 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is preferably 0.6-0.8%, as 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75% or 0.8%.
When the tree root of planting trees is naked, the consumption of described turfy soil is preferably 0.02-0.04m
3, as 0.02m
3, 0.025m
3, 0.03m
3, 0.035m
3or 0.04m
3, during backfill soil, mixing turfy soil and ground surface soil are inserted around trees, banket while rock trees, and trees are mentioned 4-6cm, as 4 cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm or 6cm.When the tree root of plantation trees is with native ball, described native ball is placed on righting after plant pit central authorities, show to maintain an equal level in soil ball height and original place, when planting on the slope, the height of described native ball leads to table slope 1/2, original place place and maintains an equal level, the consumption of turfy soil is determined according to the height of trees, and height is within 3 meters, and the volume of turfy soil consumption is 0.02-0.04m
3, as 0.02m
3, 0.025m
3, 0.03m
3, 0.035m
3or 0.04m
3; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.04-0.08m
3, as 0.04m
3, 0.05m
3, 0.06m
3, 0.07m
3or 0.08m
3; Height is more than 5 meters, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.06-0.12m
3, as 0.06m
3, 0.07m
3, 0.08m
3, 0.09m
3, 0.1m
3, 0.11m
3or 0.12m
3, the landfill height of backfill soil higher than described native ball surface 4-6cm, as 4cm, 5cm or 6cm.
In described steps d, the height in cofferdam is 15-20cm, and as 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm or 20cm, when trees are planted on slope, the level height in described cofferdam is consistent with the height of middle part.
In described steps d, water and comprise the following steps: when (1) first time waters, water pipe is inserted the bottom of described kind of plant hole, soil is all sunk in fact, avoids trees ' root to produce cavitation, can stop watering to top, cofferdam when the water surface returns, the soil height oozed under surface water in rear kind of plant hole should be consistent with ground level, arrangement slightly need be done smooth as inconsistent, the mulch film of close proximity to ground on ground surface is laid afterwards, when the trees tree root watered is with native ball, water pipe inserts the bottom of kind of plant hole, carries out watering until soil is all heavy real by four direction respectively; (2) situation occurred according to trees lack of water is carried out second time and waters later, and trees are after taking root, and the performance of deciduous tree lack of water is blade wilting at noon; In evergreen tree, the performance of dragon spruce lack of water is that base portion needle starts jaundice, and as occurred, base portion is rubescent, and serious water shortage is described, when above situation appears in other trees, also illustrates and water.When second time is watered, be 4-8mm at the surface diameter of described mulch film, reinforcing bar as 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm or 8mm is pricked thoroughly, a hole is pricked every 10-30cm, as 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm or 30cm, after tying hole, water in surface water pipe being positioned over backfill soil in kind of plant hole, water immediately by ground surface earthing 4-6cm after water, as 4cm, 5cm or 6cm.Water three times water and watered water later and the ground surface after watering need carry out earthing, object is obturaged in time at the leak part caused because watering, and prevents the evaporation of moisture in kind of plant hole.Larger difference is had with a slice Sandy Soil quality and water content.Should mark be carried out when planting, need before watering to check soil moisture content, should judge whether to water according to blade after trees take root.
Plant trees under desert Environment, below the selection demand fulfillment of seeds:
(1) trees grown under first, selecting to be suitable for desert Environment.According to the specific environment in desert, select to be suitable for the evergreen tree that grows in desert and deciduous tree, described evergreen tree preferably includes Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and dragon spruce, and described deciduous tree preferably includes Xinjiang poplar, Inner Mongol poplar, Inner Mongol dry land willow, American elm, sea-buckthorn, arrow-leaved oleaster, salix monogolica and caragana microphylla.Different characteristics according to plant is planted in the different location in desert, at utmost plays the preventing and fixing sand feature of plant, not only ensures the life condition of trees but also the feature of nursery stock is made full use of and played.
(2) landform of suitable above-mentioned arboreal growth is selected, the quality of sandy soil and the planting time of trees in desert.Such as, Xinjiang poplar, Inner Mongol poplar, dry land willow are planted and select the place that the low-lying smooth grains of sand are tiny, and this native vegetation is better, and the time of planting is suitable for spring, method for planting is planted in naked cutting strunk mode, and it is ground, side, the migrating dune southeast that Xinjiang poplar and Inner Mongol poplar grow comparatively suitable growth landform; Sea-buckthorn is owing to having taproot, and when planting, cropping depth is relatively dark, survives rear drought-resistant ability strong, is suitable for planting at desert dead level, after the time of planting comparatively is suitable for fall foliage; Arrow-leaved oleaster is suitable for planting in the more smooth and thinner place of the grains of sand; Owing to having, salix monogolica is not afraid of that sand buries, is not afraid of arid, water logging rapid cuttage, buried cold-proof rear spring in autumn water a water and just can survive, lower to region environmental requirement, and no matter local at drift sand is the existence of all suitable salix monogolica in smooth place, top, slope place; Chinese pine, dragon spruce aptly by condition better, sandy soil packing is comparatively large, the place existence that becomes fixed dune upgrade (slope aspect is not limit), and Chinese pine suitable be planted in domatic on the sunny side on, dragon spruce should be planted in the shade; Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica can germinate some adventive root owing to having trunk except the feature with Chinese pine, so have the ability stoping small part drift sand; American elm is because having vitality tanacity, anti-saline and alkaline, drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant ability so should plant at comparatively lower portions; Caragana microphylla has well developed root system, ability of fixing the sand is strong, be not afraid of that sand buries, drought resisting, heat resistanceheat resistant, the plurality of advantages such as cold-resistant, but local and be unsuitable for other seeds place sowing at slight drift sand before being only limited to rain or after rain.
Planting time such as, being advisable before germinateing in trees spring (but except indivedual trees, Xinjiang poplar, Inner Mongol poplar and dry land willow etc.), and nursery stock should shorten the time as far as possible and take moisturizing draught exclusion device in transport, and such as, naked usage tree root lid wets straw, in transit lid tarpaulin etc.
Described evergreen tree sprays antitranspirant to full tree after first time has watered water, should be being meticulous and attending to minutes details in everything during sprinkling, antitranspirant sprayed once every 7-10 days, spray 3 times altogether, rain if middle, must fill spray, the needle that after each amount of spraying should ensure sprinkling, described evergreen needle does not spray is hard and rough, otherwise can not get a desired effect.
Antitranspirant is the aqueous solution of high viscosity carboxycellulose, and the ratio range of the high viscosity carboxycellulose aqueous solution and water is 1:70-1:90, e.g., and 1:70,1:75,1:80,1:85 or 1:90.
Deciduous tree needs the eradicants such as full tree sprinkling asomate, silver fruit to carry out the prevention of anti-rot.Longicorn point pest control object in all trees (comprising evergreen tree and deciduous tree), should conscientious check processing.
Before watering freeze-up water, carry blowing and clear up in time into the sandy soil in cofferdam, otherwise very easily cause the result of stripping death in spring, willow, willow survive rear First Year and clear up, and can clear up later.
After planting tree is good, for guaranteeing that trees firmly grow in desert Environment, at least three pillars can be adopted to support trees, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the schematic diagram of trunk supporting construction when planting trees for adopting the present invention.After planting tree is good, adopt at least three pillars 4, be preferably four pillars, one end of described pillar is fixed on ground, trunk part 3 cross-contact of the other end and described trees is also fixing, fixed form can adopt rope or iron wire etc. to be fixed, the contact surface of trunk and pillar can be provided with the cushion preventing from bark from drawing rubbing, the angle on described pillar and ground is 30-60 degree, as 30 degree, 35 degree, 40 degree, 45 degree, 50 degree, 55 degree or 60 degree, the angle that each adjacent described pillar is formed is identical.Adopt trunk supporting construction can fastening trees prevent trees from being blown down because of the huge wind-force of desert Environment, thus improve the survival rate of nursery stock.
The present invention is mainly for the low problem of plant percent under desert Environment, select the seeds being suitable for desert Environment growth, and plant in the different location in desert according to the characteristic of different tree species, not only ensure that the existence of trees but also the feature of trees is given full play to, make trees not only can normal growth but also the characteristic of himself sand prevention water conservation can be played, way of the present invention is simple, material extensive, cost is lower, and plant percent is high.
Claims (8)
1. the forest planting method under desert Environment, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: the sidewall of a. in kind of plant hole and bottom laying plastic; B. kind of a plant hole is put into by after all partial wetting rooting powder solutions of trees ' root; C. turfy soil is mixed with ground surface soil and backfill kind of a plant hole; D. carry out cofferdam and water, water in described steps d and comprise the following steps: when (1) first time waters, water pipe is inserted the bottom of described kind of plant hole, water and make soil all heavy real, the water surface return top to described cofferdam, stop watering and withdrawing from water pipe, underwater oozes in rear kind of plant hole that soil height should be consistent with ground level, as inconsistent, arrangement should be done smooth, spread the mulch film of close proximity to ground afterwards at ground surface; (2) situation occurred according to described trees lack of water is carried out second time and waters later, when second time is watered, described mulch film is pricked several holes, water pipe is positioned on the ground of backfill soil in kind of plant hole, water after water immediately by mulch film surface earthing 4-6mm, follow-up when watering, the ground surface after watering after watering carries out earthing; When the tree root of planting trees is naked, dip in wet described tree root with rooting powder solution, the mass concentration of described rooting powder solution is 0.15-0.2%; When the tree root of plantation trees is with native ball, water described tree root with rooting powder solution, the concentration of described root-inducing powder is determined according to the height of trees, and height is within 3 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.15-0.2%; Height is at 3-5 rice, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.3-0.4%; Height is more than 5 meters, and the mass concentration of described root-inducing powder is 0.6-0.8%.
2. the forest planting method under desert Environment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the ground thickness of the mulch film bottom described kind of plant hole compared with sidewall, described bottom mulch film is provided with hole.
3. the forest planting method under desert Environment as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that the consumption of described turfy soil is 0.02-0.04m when the tree root of planting trees is naked
3, during backfill soil, banket while rock trees, and trees mentioned 4-6cm; When the tree root of plantation trees is with native ball, soil ball is placed on righting after kind of plant hole central authorities, show to maintain an equal level in the upper level of soil ball and original place, when planting on the slope, the upper level of described native ball is consistent with the height at table slope 1/2, original place place, the consumption of described turfy soil is determined according to the height of trees, and height is within 3 meters, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.02-0.04m
3; Height is between 3-5 rice, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.04-0.08m
3; Height is more than 5 meters, and the volume of described turfy soil consumption is 0.06-0.12m
3, the landfill height of backfill soil is higher than described native ball surface 4-6cm.
4. the forest planting method under desert Environment as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that in described steps d, cofferdam height is 15-20cm.
5. the forest planting method under desert Environment as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that described trees comprise evergreen tree and deciduous tree, described evergreen tree comprises Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and dragon spruce, and described deciduous tree comprises Xinjiang poplar, Inner Mongol poplar, Inner Mongol dry land willow, American elm, sea-buckthorn, arrow-leaved oleaster, salix monogolica and caragana microphylla.
6. the forest planting method under desert Environment as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that described evergreen tree needs to spray antitranspirant to full tree after first time waters, in case of the rainy day need fill spray, each amount of spraying should ensure that the needle sprayed when rear described evergreen needle does not spray is hard and rough; Described deciduous tree needs full tree to spray the agricultural chemicals of anti-rot after having planted.
7. the forest planting method under desert Environment as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that described antitranspirant is the aqueous solution of high viscosity carboxycellulose, the ratio range of described high viscosity carboxycellulose and water is 1:70-1:90.
8. the forest planting method under the desert Environment as described in the arbitrary claim in claim 1 to 7, after it is characterized in that planting tree is good, at least three pillars are adopted to support trees, one end of described pillar is fixed on ground, the trunk part cross-contact of the other end and described trees is also fixing, angle between described pillar and ground is 30-60 degree, and the angle formed between each adjacent described pillar is identical.
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