CN103262720A - Cedar artificial rapid propagation and transplanting method - Google Patents
Cedar artificial rapid propagation and transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103262720A CN103262720A CN2013100005072A CN201310000507A CN103262720A CN 103262720 A CN103262720 A CN 103262720A CN 2013100005072 A CN2013100005072 A CN 2013100005072A CN 201310000507 A CN201310000507 A CN 201310000507A CN 103262720 A CN103262720 A CN 103262720A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cedar artificial rapid propagation and transplanting method. The method takes cedar branches as material, small cedar seedlings are obtained through cutting propagation, and then big cedar seedlings are obtained through transplanting. Special cultivation and management measures for cedar are adopted, and an artificial propagation approach for cedar is created. With the adoption of the cedar artificial rapid propagation and transplanting method, the survival rate of field cuttage is more than 90 percent, and the average height of a biennial seedling is more than 100 cm; the survival rate of greenhouse cuttage is more than 95 percent, and the average height of a biennial seeding is more than 150 cm; and the large-scale industrial production of cedar is possible, and the market demand on cedar is accordingly met.
Description
Technical field: the invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of cdear artificial breeding and transplanting method fast.
Background technology: cdear originates in western part, the Himalayas, and plant height reaches 50～70 meters; The leaf thorn shape, helical form is scattered on long shoot, clusters brachyplast, and pale green is to bluish-green; Flower Dan Shengzhi top, 10～November of florescence; The cone ellipse is avette to ellipticity, 9～October of next year maturation.Light demanding tree has certain anti-shady ability; The nice and cool humid climate of happiness is afraid of sweltering heat, and certain cold resistance is arranged; The soil that the happiness soil layer is deep, draining is good is afraid of low-lying ponding; The fear flue dust, spire is very responsive to sulphur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride; The growth middling speed, the life-span is long.Be world-renowned ornamental tree species, now become one of " world five big flower garden trees ".Because cdear is seldom solid, cuttage survival rate is low, and nursery stock output is restricted, and presses for by cottage propagation very much and meets the need of market.
Summary of the invention: propagation technique cdear seed is few at having now, the problem of survival rate, the invention provides a kind of cdear artificial breeding and transplanting method fast, is raw material with the branch of cdear, obtains the cdear seedling by cottage propagation, obtain the cdear seedlings through transplanting again, enlarge the cdear area under cultivation.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of cdear artificial breeding and transplanting method fast, this method comprises:
The selection of cutting time and plugged ear: 3～May, 10～November that south is annual, carry out cottage propagation northern 8～October; The plugged ear collection is pruned in conjunction with seasonality and is carried out, and gathers the middle and upper part branch;
The clip of plugged ear: at calm morning or the cloudy day that dew is arranged, select 1～2 year sturdy branch of life on 3～5 years healthy and strong living treelets to make plugged ear; Adopt fringe on the above the average age for marriage elite stand, then select 1 year branch estranged of sunny slope tree crown middle and upper part band terminal bud; About cutting length 15～20cm, remove the secondary branch, be cut into monocline face otch;
Plugged ear is handled: the ABT root-inducing powder is made into the solution of 100mg/kg concentration, and 2～4cm is immersed in 2～4h in the solution with the plugged ear bottom.
Handle in the seedbed: the every 100m in seedbed
2Spread the human and animal excreta 600～800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough deeply 25～30cm, by the leveling of 1.5～2m ridging, hold the drain ditch all around successfully; Composite soil dries, smashes, tiles in the cuttage again, thickness 5～6cm;
Cottage method: through pretreated fringe bar with the isodensity straight cutting of seeding row spacing (4～6) cm * (8～12) cm in the seedbed, fringe bar embedded depth is 6～8cm, fringe bar under ground portion and medium of seedling bed are combined closely, and insert the back and spray once permeable with watering can;
Insert the back management: set up shading shed after the cuttage, establish air partition all around, the nursery air humidity remains on 70～90%, light transmittance 30～40%; Fine day early covers to be taken off evening, and the cloudy day can not cover, and morning every day, evening sprayed water once with watering can when the fine day sky was non-irrigated, suitable minimizing water spray when cloudy; Temperature is higher than 30 ℃ fine day and adds a cover double-deck reed curtain, and lid was early taken off, reduced and water number of times and water the water yield evening gradually after taking root, and shading shed is removed in the nice and cool back of weather; The fringe bar was inserted back 50 days, was 0.1～0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every mass concentration of spray in 20～30 days;
Sick worm prevents: the fringe bar is inserted in the back 10～20 days, and it is mould proof to spray mass concentration and be 0.1% aliette solution;
Transplant field planting: when seedling grew to 20～30cm, seeding row spacing carried out first set grafting by (50～60) cm * (50～60) cm, and seedling is long during to 80～120cm, and seeding row spacing carries out transplanting second time by (2.5～3) m * (2.5～3) m; Transplant the back and will strengthen shading, watering in 1 week, carry out weeding according to the growth of seedling situation later on.
Described composite soil contains sand 20～30%, rural area soil 55～60%, humus soil 15～20%; Described sand refers to that particle diameter is 10～100 purpose sand.
Below the present invention is done further explanation and when saying:
The selection of described slotting time and plugged ear, is carried out cottage propagation northern 8～October at 3～May, 10～November that south is annual.The plugged ear collection is pruned in conjunction with seasonality and is carried out, and gathers the middle and upper part branch usually.The spray of the season of growth, growth is vigorous, photosynthetic efficiency is high, nutrition and metabolic activity are strong, is conducive to take root.Stop the branch of eye branch, abundant lignification, twig is enriched, and stored nutrient enriches, and also is beneficial to and takes root.The age of elite stand, branch is more little, and vitality is more strong, and cuttage survival rate is more high.
The clip of described plugged ear, the clip plugged ear should have the morning of dew or cloudy day to carry out calm, select 1～2 year sturdy branch of life on 3～5 years healthy and strong living treelets to make plugged ear, if adopt fringe from above the average age for marriage elite stand, then should select 1 year branch estranged of sunny slope tree crown middle and upper part band terminal bud; About cutting length 15～20cm, remove the secondary branch, be cut into horse ear shape monocline face otch, cuttage is laborsaving, also is beneficial to and takes root.
Described plugged ear is handled, and for improving rooting rate and cuttage survival rate, will handle the plugged ear of cuttage.Usually adopt the ABT root-inducing powder of being succeeded in developing by the Chinese Wang Tao academician of forest-science academy, be a kind of wide spectrum, efficient, compound plant growth regulator, the ABT root-inducing powder is made into the solution of 100mg/kg concentration, and 2～4cm is immersed in 2～4h in the solution with the plugged ear bottom, can obtain rooting efficiency preferably.
Handle in described seedbed, is used for the every 100m in seedbed of cottage propagation
2Spread the human and animal excreta 600～800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough deeply 25～30cm, by the leveling of 1.5～2m ridging, hold the drain ditch all around successfully; The composite soil that will contain husky 20～30%, rural area soil 55～60%, humus soil 15～20% again dries, smashes, tiles in the cuttage, thickness 5～6cm; Grains of sand diameter is 10～100 orders.
Described cottage method, through pretreated fringe bar with the isodensity straight cutting of seeding row spacing (4～6) cm * (8～12) cm in the seedbed, fringe bar embedded depth is 6～8cm, fringe bar under ground portion and medium of seedling bed are combined closely, it is once permeable with the watering can spray to insert the back, to replenish the dehydration of plugged ear, more be conducive to the close knot of fringe bar and soil.
Insert the back management: will in time set up the canopy shading shed after the cuttage, establish air partition all around, air humidity will remain on 70～90%, light transmittance 30～40%; Fine day early covers to be taken off evening, and the cloudy day can not cover, and morning every day, evening sprayed water once with watering can when the fine day sky was non-irrigated, suitable minimizing water spray when cloudy.Temperature is higher than 30 ℃ fine day and adds a cover double-deck reed curtain, and evening, lid was early taken off gradually after taking root, and reduces gradually and waters number of times and water the water yield, and shading shed is removed in the nice and cool back of weather.The fringe bar is inserted 30～40 days ability in back and is formed callus, begins to take root about 60 days.The fringe bar was inserted back 50 days, was 0.1～0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every mass concentration of spray in 20～30 days;
Described sick worm prevents that the cdear seedling from not finding damage by disease and insect at present temporarily, and the fringe bar is inserted in the back 10～20 days, and it is mould proof to spray mass concentration and be 0.1% aliette solution.
Described transplanting field planting, fringe bar are inserted and are taken root in a large number after back 100 days, when seedling grows to 20～30cm, transplant by 50 * 50cm.Seedling carries out the second time when growing to 80～120cm to be transplanted, and presses 2.5m * 2.5m and transplants.Transplant the back and will strengthen shading, watering in 1 week, carry out weeding according to the growth of seedling situation later on.
Cdear is transplanted should be in temperature bottom out in spring, and resin begins to flow in the cdear body, but needle easily survives when also not growing; Though rainy season, cdear carried out raised growth, higher because of air humidity, transpiration rate reduces relatively, and it is also high to carry out transplanting survival rate.
Spray antitranspirant before setting up seedling greatly, when soil was dry, pouring water in 3 days in advance guaranteed that root soil is moistening.The diameter of institute's shoveling ball is 7～10 times of the trees diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground approximately, and native ball shape is apple shape, and end footpath is to go up 1/3 of footpath approximately, and native ball transverse diameter, vertical footpath be than being 5: 4, the too much root system of unlikely injury in the time of can guaranteeing to transplant like this and shorten transplanting seedling time.After the soil ball digs, adopt spiral vertical double-deck winding method packing.As the soil is porous, earlier at overcovers such as native ball upper berth one deck rush bag or the pieces of sack, with anti-scattered ball.After the soil ball had twined, straw rope twined several circles around trunk again, high about 30～50cm, and binding place bark damage when preventing from loading and unloading, water squirts straw rope then, to increase its pliability.
Planting hole is than the big 20～30cm of native gauge ball lattice.Table soil and subsoil are placed apart when digging the cave, before cdear moves into, pour water in the cave earlier, and subsoil are stirred into behind the mud tree put into tear rush bag, straw rope again open.The soil of filling in a form earlier when banketing, back subsoil, the degree of depth of tree planting is consistent with the original degree of depth of trees.Fill up back wall around the cofferdam that tree is cooked a circle, having peace of mind is equilateral or equiangular triangle support trunk with three rods, and pole becomes 60～70 ° of angles, the branch that cut damage at last, fractures with ground.Water once permeablely after planting, water water for the second time after 3～5 days, water water for the third time after the week, whenever subside and should in time fill up all over having banketed behind the water, three times permeable after row envelope weir again.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is: the present invention is material with the cdear branch, obtains the cdear seedling by breeding, obtains the cdear seedlings through transplanting again, enlarges the cdear area under cultivation.The survival rate of land for growing field crops cuttage is more than 90%, and 2 years living nursery stock average heights are more than 100cm, and the survival rate of booth cuttage is more than 95%, and living nursery stock average height was more than 150cm in 2 years.Adopt the proprietary cultivation management measure of cdear, opened up the approach of an artificial propagation cdear, make the production of cdear large-scale industrial become possibility, thereby satisfy market to the needs of cdear.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 variable concentrations ABT root-inducing powder is to the influence of cuttage survival rate
The different length plugged ears of Fig. 2 are to the influence of cuttage survival rate
Embodiment
Further explain and illustrate technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment:
One, cuttage period: 3～May, 10～November that south is annual, cottage propagation carries out for 8～October in the north.The plugged ear collection is pruned in conjunction with seasonality and is carried out, and gathers the middle and upper part branch.
Two, the clip of plugged ear: at calm morning or the cloudy day that dew is arranged, select 1～2 year sturdy branch of life on 3～5 years healthy and strong living treelets to make plugged ear, adopt fringe on the above the average age for marriage elite stand, then select 1 year branch estranged of sunny slope tree crown middle and upper part band terminal bud; Cutting length 15～20cm removes the secondary branch, is cut into monocline face otch.
Three, plugged ear is handled: the ABT root-inducing powder is made into the solution of 100mg/kg concentration, and 2～4cm is immersed in 2～4h in the solution with the plugged ear bottom;
Four, handle in the seedbed: the every 100m in seedbed
2Execute the human and animal excreta 600～800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough deeply 25～30cm, by the leveling of 1.5～2m ridging, hold the drain ditch all around successfully; The composite soil that will contain husky 20～30%, rural area soil 55～60%, humus soil 15～20% again dries, smashes, tiles in the cuttage, thickness 5～6cm; Grains of sand diameter is 10～100 orders.
Five, cottage method: through pretreated fringe bar with the isodensity straight cutting of seeding row spacing (4～6) cm * (8～12) cm in the seedbed, fringe bar embedded depth is 6～8cm, fringe bar under ground portion and medium of seedling bed are combined closely, and insert the back and spray once permeable with watering can.
Six, insert the back management: set up shading shed after the cuttage, establish air partition all around, the nursery air humidity remains on 70～90%, light transmittance 30～40%; Fine day early covers to be taken off evening, and the cloudy day can not cover, and morning every day, evening sprayed water once with watering can when the fine day sky was non-irrigated, suitable minimizing water spray when cloudy.Temperature is higher than 30 ℃ fine day and adds a cover double-deck reed curtain, and lid was early taken off, reduced and water number of times and water the water yield evening gradually after taking root, and shading shed is removed in the nice and cool back of weather.The fringe bar was inserted back 50 days, was 0.1～0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every mass concentration of spray in 20～30 days;
Seven, sick worm prevents: the cdear seedling is not found damage by disease and insect at present temporarily, and the fringe bar is inserted in the back 10～20 days, and it is mould proof to spray mass concentration and be 0.1% aliette solution.
Eight, transplant field planting: the fringe bar is inserted and was just taken root in a large number in back 100 days, when seedling grows to 20～30cm, transplants by 50 * 50cm, and seedling is long to carry out the transplanting second time by 2.5m * 2.5m during to 80～120cm.Transplant the back and will strengthen shading, watering in 1 week, carry out weeding according to the growth of seedling situation later on.
In temperature bottom out in spring, resin begins to flow in the cdear body, though when needle is not also grown or rainy season cdear carried out raised growth, but air humidity is carried out when higher.
Spray antitranspirant before setting up seedling greatly, when soil was dry, pouring water in 3 days in advance guaranteed that root soil is moistening.The diameter of institute's shoveling ball is 7～10 times of the trees diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground approximately, and native ball shape is apple shape, and end footpath is to go up 1/3 of footpath approximately, and native ball transverse diameter, vertical footpath are than being 5: 4.After the soil ball digs, adopt spiral vertical double-deck winding method packing.As the soil is porous, earlier at overcovers such as native ball upper berth one deck rush bag or the pieces of sack.After the soil ball had twined, straw rope twined several circles around trunk again, high about 30～50cm, and water squirts straw rope.
Planting hole is than the big 20～30cm of native gauge ball lattice, and table soil and subsoil are placed apart when digging the cave, before cdear moves into, pours water in the cave earlier, and subsoil stirred into behind the mud tree put into tear rush bag, straw rope again open.The soil of filling in a form earlier when banketing, back subsoil, the degree of depth of tree planting is consistent with the original degree of depth of trees.Fill up back wall around the cofferdam that tree is cooked a circle, having peace of mind is equilateral or equiangular triangle support trunk with three rods, and support bar becomes 60～70 ° of angles with ground.The branch that cut damage at last, fractures.Water once permeablely after planting, water water for the second time after 3～5 days, water water for the third time after the week, three times permeable after row envelope weir again.
Embodiment 1
Variable concentrations ABT root-inducing powder is to the influence of cuttage survival rate
1, experiment grouping: be divided into 3 groups according to concentration, ABT root-inducing powder content is 20mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg in the solution.
2, experimentation: the every 100m in seedbed
2Execute the human and animal excreta 600～800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough deeply 25～30cm, by the leveling of 1.5～2m ridging, hold the drain ditch all around successfully; The composite soil that will contain husky 20～30%, rural area soil 55～60%, humus soil 15～20% again dries, smashes, tiles in the cuttage, thickness 5～6cm; Grains of sand diameter is 10～100 orders.
At calm morning or the cloudy day that dew is arranged, select 1～2 year sturdy branch of life on 3～5 years healthy and strong living treelets to make plugged ear, adopt fringe on the above the average age for marriage elite stand, then select 1 year branch estranged of sunny slope tree crown middle and upper part band terminal bud; Cutting length 15～20cm removes the secondary branch, is cut into monocline face otch.Handle plugged ear with the ABT root-inducing powder, as required the ABT root-inducing powder is made into the solution of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, three kinds of concentration of 200mg/kg, 2～4cm is immersed in 2～4h in the solution with the plugged ear bottom.
Set up shading shed after the cuttage, establish air partition all around, the nursery air humidity remains on 70～90%, light transmittance 30～40%; Fine day early covers to be taken off evening, and the cloudy day can not cover, and morning every day, evening sprayed water once with watering can when the fine day sky was non-irrigated, suitable minimizing water spray when cloudy.Temperature is higher than 30 ℃ fine day and adds a cover double-deck reed curtain, and lid was early taken off, reduced and water number of times and water the water yield evening gradually after taking root, and shading shed is removed in the nice and cool back of weather.The fringe bar was inserted back 50 days, was 0.1～0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every mass concentration of spray in 20～30 days; Insert and just took root in a large number in back 100 days, seedling can be transplanted.
3, experimental result: the survival rate statistical result showed is 100 mg/kg with ABT root-inducing powder content in the solution, the highest (see figure 1) of cuttage survival rate behind the processing 12h.
Embodiment 2
Different length plugged ears are to the influence of cuttage survival rate
1, experiment grouping: be divided into 2 groups according to cutting length, one group of long 5～10cm of plugged ear, the long 15～20cm of another group plugged ear.
2, experimentation: the every 100m in seedbed
2Execute the human and animal excreta 600～800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough deeply 25～30cm, by the leveling of 1.5～2m ridging, hold the drain ditch all around successfully; The composite soil that will contain husky 20～30%, rural area soil 55～60%, humus soil 15～20% again dries, smashes, tiles in the cuttage, thickness 5～6cm; Grains of sand diameter is 10～100 orders.
At calm morning or the cloudy day that dew is arranged, select 1～2 year sturdy branch of life on 3～5 years healthy and strong living treelets to make plugged ear, adopt fringe on the above the average age for marriage elite stand, then select 1 year branch estranged of sunny slope tree crown middle and upper part band terminal bud; It is two kinds of specifications of 5～10cm, 15～20cm that plugged ear is cut into length, removes the secondary branch, is cut into monocline face otch.The ABT root-inducing powder is made into the solution of 100mg/kg concentration, and 2～4cm is immersed in 2～4h in the solution with the plugged ear bottom.
Set up shading shed after the cuttage, establish air partition all around, the nursery air humidity remains on 70～90%, light transmittance 30～40%; Fine day early covers to be taken off evening, and the cloudy day can not cover, and morning every day, evening sprayed water once with watering can when the fine day sky was non-irrigated, suitable minimizing water spray when cloudy.Temperature is higher than 30 ℃ fine day and adds a cover double-deck reed curtain, and lid was early taken off, reduced and water number of times and water the water yield evening gradually after taking root, and shading shed is removed in the nice and cool back of weather.The fringe bar was inserted back 50 days, was 0.1～0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every mass concentration of spray in 20～30 days; Insert and just took root in a large number in back 100 days, seedling can be transplanted.
3, experimental result: survival rate statistical result showed, the highest (see figure 2) of plugged ear survival rate that 15～20cm is long.
As propagating materials, the group that do not need to exsomatize is trained with cdear stem section in the present invention, and equipment is simple, easy to operate.Compare with conventional seedbed system, disposable less investment, reproductive-cost is low, and rootage duration is short, and reproduction speed is fast, the regrowth stalwartness, the survival rate height, yielding ability is good, and the offspring does not have variation, and technical step is few, is easy to promote.
The survival rate of land for growing field crops cuttage is more than 90%, and 2 years living nursery stock average heights are more than 100cm, and the survival rate of booth cuttage is more than 95%, and living nursery stock average height was more than 150cm in 2 years.
Claims (3)
1. a cdear manually breeds and transplanting method fast, it is characterized in that this method comprises:
The selection of cutting time and plugged ear: 3～May, 10～November that south is annual, carry out cottage propagation northern 8～October; The plugged ear collection is pruned in conjunction with seasonality and is carried out, and gathers the middle and upper part branch;
The clip of plugged ear: at calm morning or the cloudy day that dew is arranged, select 1～2 year sturdy branch of life on 3～5 years healthy and strong living treelets to make plugged ear; Adopt fringe on the above the average age for marriage elite stand, then select 1 year branch estranged of sunny slope tree crown middle and upper part band terminal bud; About cutting length 15～20cm, remove the secondary branch, be cut into monocline face otch;
Plugged ear is handled: the ABT root-inducing powder is made into the solution of 100mg/kg concentration, and 2～4cm is immersed in 2～4h in the solution with the plugged ear bottom;
Handle in the seedbed: the every 100m in seedbed
2Spread the human and animal excreta 600～800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough deeply 25～30cm, by the leveling of 1.5～2m ridging, hold the drain ditch all around successfully; Composite soil dries, smashes, tiles in the cuttage again, thickness 5～6cm;
Cottage method: through pretreated fringe bar with the isodensity straight cutting of seeding row spacing (4～6) cm * (8～12) cm in the seedbed, fringe bar embedded depth is 6～8cm, fringe bar under ground portion and medium of seedling bed are combined closely, and insert the back and spray once permeable with watering can;
Insert the back management: set up shading shed after the cuttage, establish air partition all around, the nursery air humidity remains on 70～90%, light transmittance 30～40%; Fine day early covers to be taken off evening, and the cloudy day can not cover, and morning every day, evening sprayed water once with watering can when the fine day sky was non-irrigated, suitable minimizing water spray when cloudy; Temperature is higher than 30 ℃ fine day and adds a cover double-deck reed curtain, and lid was early taken off, reduced and water number of times and water the water yield evening gradually after taking root, and shading shed is removed in the nice and cool back of weather; The fringe bar was inserted back 50 days, was 0.1～0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every mass concentration of spray in 20～30 days;
Sick worm prevents: the fringe bar is inserted in the back 10～20 days, and it is mould proof to spray mass concentration and be 0.1% aliette solution;
Transplant planting: when seedling grew to 20～30cm, seeding row spacing carried out first set grafting by (50～60) cm * (50～60) cm, and when seedling grew to 80～120cm, seeding row spacing carried out the second time by (2.5～3) m * (2.5～3) m and transplants; Transplant the back and will strengthen shading, watering in 1 week, carry out weeding according to the growth of seedling situation later on.
2. artificial breeding and transplanting method fast of a kind of cdear according to claim 1 is characterized in that described composite soil contains sand 20～30%, rural area soil 55～60%, humus soil 15～20%; Described sand refers to that particle diameter is 10～100 purpose sand.
3. artificial breeding and transplanting method fast of a kind of cdear according to claim 1, seeding row spacing carries out first set grafting by 50cm * 50cm when it is characterized in that described seedling 20～30cm; When seedling grew to 80～120cm, seeding row spacing carried out the second time by 2.5m * 2.5m and transplants.
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| CN104322226A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2015-02-04 | 钟诚 | Pine tree cutting seedling raising method |
| CN104025853A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 上海应用技术学院 | Cutting seedling raising method adopting partition board to block roots of cedar |
| CN106234156A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-12-21 | 李朝 | A kind of method for transplanting of Cedrus deoclar (Roxb.) G. Don |
| CN106472212A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cottage method of cdear |
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