CN103210777A - Biological interplanting cultivating method of fructus schisandrae and fiddlehead - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological interplanting cultivating method of fructus schisandrae and fiddlehead, relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular relates to a biological cultivating method of interplanting fiddlehead with fructus schisandrae with wide line spacing. The method comprises the following steps of: selection of field, field planting of nursery stocks, field planting of fructus schisandrae seedlings, field planting of fiddlehead seedlings, building of racks for leading vines to climb, pruning in winter, rack surface management in summer, fertilization and harvesting. According to the cultivating method, gaps among racks of the fructus schisandrae can be taken good advantage to plant perennial fiddlehead, so that the defects of too many disorder branches, serious harm of weeds, large labor investment in farmland management, high cost, low land utilization rate and the like during growth of fructus schisandrae in the traditional cultivation production process can be overcome, more benefits are generated by limited land resources, and economic benefit and biological benefit of the planting of the fructus schisandrae and the fiddlehead are improved.

Description

The cultivation method of the ecological interplanting of a kind of fructus schisandrae and fiddlehead

Technical field

The present invention relates to the agricultural planting technique field, specifically is the ecological cultivation method that utilizes the roomy row interplant fiddlehead of fructus schisandrae plantation.

Background technology

Fructus schisandrae ( Schisandra Michx.chinensis (Turcz.) Baill) be the perennial wild woody climber of Magnoliaceae Schizandra, it is traditional rare traditional Chinese medicine, to human body have beneficial gas, nourshing kidney, astringe the lung, puckery essence, promote the production of body fluid, quench the thirst, intelligence development, effect such as calm the nerves, its fruit is important traditional Chinese medicine, also can be processed into the fruit wine and the fruit drink of unique flavor, as the resource of fruit medicine dual-purpose, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is very wide.Owing to find the drug ingedient couplet benzene ring octadiene system lignans in fructus schisandrae fruit seed and stem, receive much attention in recent years, as the resource of fruit medicine dual-purpose, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is very wide.

China Chinese medicine market and food processing enterprises need 7000～8000 tons of fructus schisandrae dry products every year at present, and wild resource can only provide 500～600 tons every year, and artificial cultivation is the important channel that solves the market needed raw material.China carries out the artificial cultivation fructus schisandrae nearly 30 years history, all carry on the work with the pattern of setting up the artificial garden of pure fructus schisandrae in various places, the traditional cultivation fructus schisandrae is broad in the ranks, the sprout tillers branch is more in its process of growth, inter-row weed is serious simultaneously, remove sprout tillers branch and weeds and need drop into a large amount of manually, the cost height has influenced the planting benefit of fructus schisandrae.

Fiddlehead ( Pteridium apuilimum L.Kuhn), perennial herb, it is the hill dish of the common food medicine dual-purpose in forest zone, have advantages such as pollution-free, nutritious, unique flavor, simultaneously can also diseases prevention, cure the disease, have the good health care function, gain great popularity, human collection is edible with a long history, a large amount of for a long time countries such as Japan, Korea S, Southeast Asia that export.In recent years, along with the yearning of people to pollution-free food, the demand of fiddlehead presents growth trend year by year, but the predation formula is plucked and is caused its reserves and collection capacity to fall sharply year by year, wild resource can not satisfy the demand in market far away, and the artificial cultivation fiddlehead more and more is subject to people's attention.Fiddlehead under full optical condition, the tender stem very easily fibrillatable of just being unearthed, edibility reduces greatly, therefore in planting process if will obtain the high-quality fiddlehead, need set up the sunshade net and satisfy its growth needs.

The present invention utilizes the complementary advantage of the spatial niche of fructus schisandrae, these two kinds of different plants of fiddlehead, realize the ecological interplanting of fructus schisandrae and fiddlehead, crucial economic benefit and ecological benefits are arranged, up to the present do not see the cultivation method report that has fructus schisandrae row interplant fiddlehead as yet.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of perennial liana to climb up by holding on to the ecological cultivation method of the perennial fiddlehead of the capable frame interplant of plant fructus schisandrae.

Technical solution of the present invention is: it may further comprise the steps:

(1), selects fertile soil, loose, soil layer is deep, permeability good, water holding capacity is strong sandy loam or humous soil;

(2), fructus schisandrae seedling field planting: adopt the single face frame, seeding row spacing 0.75 * 2m field planting; Dig dark 30～40cm, the planting furrow of wide 50～60cm by the line-spacing of determining before transplanting; During ditching table soil is placed on a side of ditch, cubsoil is placed on opposite side, inserts one deck table soil after ditch digs earlier, and layering applies the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed then, and the mu fertilizing amount is 4500～5000kg; Planting belt 10～15 ㎝ above ground level; Late April in next year is dug diameter 30～40cm, and the planting pit of dark 25～30cm is placed on field planting in the cave to 1～2 year living seedling; The field planting of fern seedling: fructus schisandrae is planted and was begun to plant fiddlehead in back 1 year, and the wide bed of 1～1.2m is made in the vacant lot between two rattan teapoys, opens the dark ditch of 10～15cm then in bed, implants rhizome or 1 year living seedling, with 4 strains/m ²Density put earthing 7～10cm;

(3), timely built is sought connections with for it behind the fructus schisandrae transplant planting;

(4), before plant fallen leaves back 2～3 plant in thoughtful next year sprouts beginning, all can carry out winter pruning, finish but with mid or late March and to be advisable;

(5), plant juvenile stage will be in time the master who selects and remain climing draw tie up promote its upwards growth on the stringing, result's plant lateral bine is taken out the long reservation of living young sprout 8～10 joint pinching.

(6), plant solid after, carry out autumn fertilising, method is dug the ditch of dark 15cm, wide 10～15cm at 30cm place, distance plant both sides, fertilizer evenly is sprinkled into earthing afterwards, executes farmyard manure 2500～3000kg for every mu.

(7), fructus schisandrae is gathered: before and after annual mid-September, select fine day to gather when fruit all coloring and deliquescing; Fiddlehead is gathered: annual mid-May～late June, and when fiddlehead grows into that 20～25cm, blade do not launch as yet fully and both can pluck when being fist and colluding shape.

Technique effect of the present invention is: this cultivation method can make full use of the perennial fiddlehead of ground, space plantation between the capable frame of fructus schisandrae, can effectively overcome traditional cultivation in producing during annual fructus schisandrae growth the sprout tillers branch more, weeds harm is serious, field management drops into a large amount of artificial, the cost height, the low deficiency that waits of land utilization rate produces bigger benefit on limited land resources, improved fructus schisandrae, fiddlehead plantation economic benefit and ecological benefits.

The invention solves fructus schisandrae and fiddlehead two plant species in the growing space with to the technical problem of the variant common growth of illumination, the concealment naturally that utilizes the fructus schisandrae rattan teapoy to form, for the fiddlehead growth creates the moistening condition that covers, reduce its tender fasciated fiber speed, improve fiddlehead and pluck quality.Both improve the output of fructus schisandrae, the income of fiddlehead had been arranged again, increased the income of land area of one unit, improved land utilization rate.Fructus schisandrae and the interplanting of fiddlehead two plant species have reduced the fructus schisandrae artificial weeding on the one hand, have removed the cost of descendant, have saved the expense of fiddlehead sunshade on the other hand, have good economic benefit and ecological benefits.

The present invention utilizes fructus schisandrae, two kinds of spatial niche complementary advantages that do not show plant of fiddlehead, utilizing the fructus schisandrae stand to form nature covers, form height level straggly in the field,, realize the ecology interplanting of fructus schisandrae and fiddlehead for the fiddlehead growth provides favourable growth conditions.

Embodiment

1, the selection in plot: the sandy loam or the humous soil of select fertile soil, loosen, soil layer is deep, permeability good, water holding capacity is strong, draining is good, near the water source, the plot of traffic convenience.

2, seedling planting:

2.1, the field planting of fructus schisandrae seedling: adopt the single face frame, seeding row spacing 0.75 * 2m field planting.Dig dark 30～40cm by the line-spacing of determining before transplanting, the planting furrow of wide 60cm, ditch length is decided according to the plot, generally is no more than 50m.During ditching table soil is placed on a side of ditch, cubsoil is placed on opposite side, inserts one deck table soil after ditch digs earlier, and layering applies the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed then, and the mu fertilizing amount is about 5000kg.Smooth good after the backfill full garden, about planting belt 10 ㎝ above ground level.Late April in next year is dug diameter 30～40cm, the planting pit of dark 25cm, 1～2 year living seedling is placed in the cave, root system will be evacuated, backfill soil is shaken nursery stock gently seedling root is closely contacted with soil then, and the depth of planting exceeds former nursery stock root mark 1～2cm, cover one deck soil after treading again, reduce water evaporates.

2.2, the field planting of fern seedling: fructus schisandrae is planted and was begun to plant fiddlehead in back 1 year, and the wide bed of 1m is made in the vacant lot between two rattan teapoys, opens the dark ditch of 10cm then in bed, implants rhizome or 1 year living seedling, with 4 strains/m ²Density put earthing 7～10cm.

3, in time built draws climing putting on the shelf: timely built is sought connections with for it behind the fructus schisandrae transplant planting; at first make trestle during built with the 2.5m timber; per 5～8m establishes a column along bed; column is imbedded underground 50～70cm; passing column with 8# or 10# iron wire apart from ground 0.8m and 2m then; draw two road iron wires, and strain with turnbuckle.Be a cotton rope simultaneously, this another square end of restricting fastened insertion with small wooden will draw by the climing plant at 2m place, frame face upper end iron wire, and with climing of plant in the direction of the clock by the lead-in rack face that goes between.

4, winter pruning: all can carry out winter pruning before thoughtful next year, bleeding began from plant fallen leaves back 2～3, be advisable but finish with mid or late March.During pruning, in the 30 ㎝ frame faces of the face of land, do not stay side shoot.At branches and tendrils not during cloth shelfful face, spread long shoot and only cut off the prematurity part main, the middle long tip of lateral bine is stayed 6～8 buds, all the other cut off.

5, summer, the frame facial canal was managed: plant will in time tie up its upwards growth of promotion on the stringing to the master who selects and remain at juvenile stage climing drawing, and result's plant lateral bine is taken out the long reservation of living young sprout 10 joint left and right sides pinching.

6, fertilising: after plant is solid, carry out the autumn fertilising, method is dug the ditch about dark 15cm, wide 10cm at 30cm place, distance plant both sides, and fertilizer evenly is sprinkled into the back earthing, executes about farmyard manure 2500kg for every mu.

7, gather

7.1, fructus schisandrae is gathered and airing: before and after annual mid-September, select fine day to gather when fruit all coloring and deliquescing, hinder blade when gathering as far as possible less, after gathering, choose clean fruit branch and impurity, dry, do and to hold agglomerating flexiblely to hand, loosing one's grip can restore to the original state to be makes a good job of.

7.2, fiddlehead gathers: annual mid-May～late June, both can pluck when being fist when fiddlehead grows into about 20～25cm, blade does not launch as yet fully and colluding shape.Gather each the harvesting 7～10 days at interval every year 2～3 times.Can be during harvesting with lancinating or pinching with hand, the ground proximity of trying one's best is pricked handle with the fiddlehead classification of equal length simultaneously, and was processed on the same day, prevents its fibrillatable.

Beginning in 2007 utilizes fructus schisandrae to interplant the ecological cultivation of fiddlehead in the ranks in base that I cultivate.At first put in order ground in the autumn in 2006, the wide 40cm of ditching, ditch depth 30cm kind is planted ditch, and every meter ditch applies farmyard manure 10kg, and mixes thoroughly with soil.Spring in 2007 seedling of 1～2 year living fructus schisandrae of planting, density is line-spacing 2.0m, spacing in the rows 0.75m, carries out built in spring in 2008, draws climing putting on the shelf when climing of fructus schisandrae is long during to 0.5m, carries out the fiddlehead plantation in 2009, by 4 strains/m ²Density plantation, normal field management, 2010 begin to gather, sustainable gathering more than 15 years.

Claims (1)

1. the cultivation method of the ecological interplanting of fructus schisandrae and fiddlehead is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

(1), selects fertile soil, loose, soil layer is deep, permeability good, water holding capacity is strong sandy loam or humous soil;

(2), fructus schisandrae seedling field planting: adopt the single face frame, seeding row spacing 0.75 * 2m field planting; Dig dark 30～40cm, the planting furrow of wide 50～60cm by the line-spacing of determining before transplanting; During ditching table soil is placed on a side of ditch, cubsoil is placed on opposite side, inserts one deck table soil after ditch digs earlier, and layering applies the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed then, and the mu fertilizing amount is 4500～5000kg; Planting belt 10～15 ㎝ above ground level; Late April in next year is dug diameter 30～40cm, and the planting pit of dark 25～30cm is placed on field planting in the cave to 1～2 year living seedling; The field planting of fern seedling: fructus schisandrae is planted and was begun to plant fiddlehead in back 1 year, and the wide bed of 1～1.2m is made in the vacant lot between two rattan teapoys, opens the dark ditch of 10～15cm then in bed, implants rhizome or 1 year living seedling, with 4 strains/m ²Density put earthing 7～10cm;

(3), timely built is sought connections with for it behind the fructus schisandrae transplant planting;

(4), before plant fallen leaves back 2～3 plant in thoughtful next year sprouts beginning, all can carry out winter pruning, finish but with mid or late March and to be advisable;

(5), plant juvenile stage will be in time the master who selects and remain climing draw tie up promote its upwards growth on the stringing, result's plant lateral bine is taken out the long reservation of living young sprout 8～10 joint pinching;

(6), plant solid after, carry out autumn fertilising, method is dug the ditch of dark 15cm, wide 10～15cm at 30cm place, distance plant both sides, fertilizer evenly is sprinkled into earthing afterwards, executes farmyard manure 2500～3000kg for every mu;

(7), fructus schisandrae is gathered: before and after annual mid-September, select fine day to gather when fruit all coloring and deliquescing; Fiddlehead is gathered: annual mid-May～late June, and when fiddlehead grows into that 20～25cm, blade do not launch as yet fully and both can pluck when being fist and colluding shape.