CN103068608A - 车辆的发动机起动装置 - Google Patents

车辆的发动机起动装置 Download PDF

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CN103068608A
CN103068608A CN2011800399815A CN201180039981A CN103068608A CN 103068608 A CN103068608 A CN 103068608A CN 2011800399815 A CN2011800399815 A CN 2011800399815A CN 201180039981 A CN201180039981 A CN 201180039981A CN 103068608 A CN103068608 A CN 103068608A
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toothed wheel
engine
vehicle
starter toothed
bent axle
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CN103068608B (zh
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森本康浩
饭塚晃平
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/022—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N5/00—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
    • F02N5/04—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage of inertia type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

一种车辆的发动机起动装置，由于使在变速器（T）的输出轴（12）设置的驱动起动齿轮（33）与在发动机（E）的曲轴（30）设置的从动起动齿轮（37）啮合，因此，无需起动马达就能够利用从驱动轮（W）传递的驱动力使曲轴（30）转动从而起动发动机（E），不仅如此，还由于所述驱动力不会经由变速器（T）传递至曲轴（30），因此能够防止对变速器（T）的拖拽。另外，由于以下述方式设置驱动起动齿轮（33）和从动起动齿轮（37）的传动比：当车速达到使发动机（E）起动的预定车速时，曲轴（30）的转速成为能够使发动机（E）起动的转速，因此，能够以最佳的速度使曲轴（30）转动从而可靠地起动发动机（E）。

Description

车辆的发动机起动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及将发动机的曲轴经由变速器的输入轴和输出轴而连接于驱动轮的车辆的发动机起动装置。
背景技术
根据下述专利文献1公知这样的技术：在具备发动机、马达、发电机以及行星齿轮机构来驱动车轮的混合动力驱动装置中，将发动机连接于行星齿轮机构的行星架，将马达和足轴连接于行星齿轮机构的齿圈，将发电机连接于行星齿轮机构的太阳齿轮，将发电机作为起动马达进行驱动，由此，经由行星齿轮机构使曲轴转动从而起动发动机。
专利文献1：日本特开平9-226392号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
可是，在上述现有的技术中，在起动发动机时需要将发电机作为起动马达进行驱动，因此，存在消耗电力的问题。另外，由于通过行星齿轮机构连接发动机、马达、发电机以及足轴，因此，在基于马达的驱动力的行驶过程中为了起动发动机而将发电机作为起动马达进行驱动时，马达的驱动力会抵消发电机的驱动力的量，从而存在影响车辆的行驶性能的问题。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的，其目的在于，在车辆的行驶过程中不需要起动马达就能够可靠地起动发动机。
用于解决问题的方案
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明，提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，变速器将与发动机的曲轴连接的输入轴的旋转变速并传递至与驱动轮连接的输出轴，所述变速器具备：输入侧支点，其相对于所述输入轴的轴线的偏心量可变，且其与该输入轴一起旋转；单向离合器，其设置于所述输出轴；输出侧支点，其设置于所述单向离合器的输入部件；以及连杆，其以两端与所述输入侧支点及所述输出侧支点连接的方式进行往复运动，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第1特征在于，所述车辆的发动机起动装置具备：驱动起动齿轮，其设置于所述输出轴或与该输出轴连接的差速器；和从动起动齿轮，其设置于所述曲轴，且与所述驱动起动齿轮啮合。
另外，根据本发明，在所述第1特征的基础上提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第2特征在于，所述驱动起动齿轮和所述从动起动齿轮的齿数比设定为：当车速达到使所述发动机起动的预定车速时，所述曲轴的转速成为能够使所述发动机起动的转速。
另外，根据本发明，在所述第1或第2特征的基础上提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第3特征在于，所述车辆的发动机起动装置具备卡合装置，在起动所述发动机时，所述卡合装置卡合，以便将所述驱动起动齿轮的旋转经由所述从动起动齿轮传递至所述曲轴，在所述发动机起动后，所述卡合装置解除卡合，以免所述曲轴的旋转经由所述从动起动齿轮和所述驱动起动齿轮传递至所述输出轴。
另外，根据本发明，在所述第3特征的基础上提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第4特征在于，所述卡合装置设置在所述从动起动齿轮与所述曲轴之间。
另外，根据本发明，在所述第3或第4特征的基础上提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第5特征在于，所述卡合装置具备如下的单向功能：当所述输出轴的转速超过所述曲轴的转速时，所述卡合装置卡合，当所述曲轴的转速超过所述输出轴的转速时，所述卡合装置解除卡合。
另外，根据本发明，在所述第1～第5中的任意一个特征的基础上提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第6特征在于，所述驱动起动齿轮设置于差速器的差速器壳。
另外，根据本发明，在所述第1～第6中的任意一个特征的基础上提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第7特征在于，在电动马达的旋转轴设置的马达齿轮与所述驱动起动齿轮啮合。
另外，根据本发明，在所述第1～第7中的任意一个特征的基础上提出了一种车辆的发动机起动装置，所述车辆的发动机起动装置的第8特征在于，所述从动起动齿轮配置在所述曲轴的相邻的两个曲柄臂之间。
并且，实施例的偏心盘18对应于本发明的输入侧支点，实施例的销19c对应于本发明的输出侧支点，实施例的外部件22对应于本发明的输入部件，实施例的起动离合器36对应于本发明的卡合装置，实施例的电动发电机MG对应于本发明的电动马达，实施例的无级变速器T对应于本发明的变速器。
发明效果
根据本发明的第1特征，变速器具备：输入侧支点，其相对于输入轴的轴线的偏心量可变，且其与该输入轴一起旋转；单向离合器，其设置于输出轴；输出侧支点，其设置于单向离合器的输入部件；以及连杆，其以两端与输入侧支点及输出侧支点连接的方式进行往复运动，因此，能够将输入轴的旋转经由连杆和单向离合器传递至输出轴，并且，能够使输入侧支点的偏心量变化从而使变速比变化。变速器在输出轴具备单向离合器，无法从输出轴侧向输入轴侧传递驱动力，但由于使设于输出轴或差速器的驱动起动齿轮与设于发动机的曲轴的从动起动齿轮啮合，因此，能够利用从驱动轮传递的驱动力并经由驱动起动齿轮和从动起动齿轮使曲轴转动从而起动发动机，而不经由变速器，且无需起动马达。另外，由于从动起动齿轮作为曲轴的飞轮发挥功能，因此能够使现有的飞轮小型化或将其废除。
另外，根据本发明的第2特征，由于驱动起动齿轮和从动起动齿轮的齿数比设定成：当车速达到使发动机起动的预定车速时，曲轴的转速成为能够使发动机起动的转速，因此，能够顺畅地进行发动机的重新起动。
另外，根据本发明的第3特征，当起动发动机时，卡合装置卡合，以便将驱动起动齿轮的旋转经由从动起动齿轮传递至曲轴，因此，能够利用从输出轴传递的驱动力使曲轴转动以起动发动机，另外，当发动机起动后，卡合装置解除卡合，以免曲轴的旋转经由从动起动齿轮和驱动起动齿轮传递至输出轴，因此，发动机的驱动力不会在通过变速器的路径与通过从动起动齿轮及驱动起动齿轮的路径这两条路径上同时传递。
另外，根据本发明的第4特征，由于将卡合装置设置于从动起动齿轮与曲轴之间，因此，通过在基于发动机进行行驶时对卡合装置解除卡合，能够防止对从动起动齿轮和驱动起动齿轮的拖拽。
另外，根据本发明的第5特征，由于具有单向功能的卡合装置在输出轴的转速超过曲轴的转速时卡合，因此，能够在发动机停止的行驶过程中使曲轴转动从而起动发动机，另外，由于卡合装置在曲轴的转速超过输出轴的转速时解除卡合，因此，卡合装置不会在基于发动机的行驶中不必要地卡合。
另外，根据本发明的第6特征，由于将驱动起动齿轮设置于差速器的差速器壳，因此，能够使差速器的位置接近车宽方向中央，从而使向左右延伸的驱动轴的长度均匀。
另外，根据本发明的第7特征，由于在电动马达的旋转轴设置的马达齿轮与驱动起动齿轮啮合，因此，即使在车辆停止的过程中，也能够利用电动马达的驱动力使曲轴转动从而起动发动机。
另外，根据本发明的第8特征，由于从动起动齿轮配置在曲轴的相邻的两个曲柄臂之间，因此，能够将发动机的曲轴轴线方向尺寸的增加抑制在最小的限度，不仅如此，还由于从动起动齿轮发挥了作为飞轮的功能，因此能够使设于曲轴的现有的飞轮废除或小型化。
附图说明
图1是车辆用的行驶用动力装置的概要图。（第1实施例）
图2是图1的2部的详细图。（第1实施例）
图3是沿图2的3-3线的剖视图（最高状态）。（第1实施例）
图4是沿图2的3-3线的剖视图（最低状态）。（第1实施例）
图5是最高状态下的作用说明图。（第1实施例）
图6是最低状态下的作用说明图。（第1实施例）
图7是车辆用的行驶用动力装置的概要图。（第2实施例）
图8是车辆用的行驶用动力装置的概要图。（第3实施例）
标号说明
11：输入轴；
12：输出轴；
18：偏心盘（输入侧支点）；
19：连杆；
19c：销（输出侧支点）；
21：单向离合器；
22：外部件（输入部件）；
30：曲轴；
32：差速器壳；
33：驱动起动齿轮；
34：旋转轴；
35：马达齿轮；
36：起动离合器（卡合装置）；
37：从动起动齿轮；
38：曲柄臂；
D：差速器；
E：发动机；
MG：电动发电机（电动马达）；
T：无级变速器（变速器）；
W：驱动轮。
具体实施方式
以下，根据图1～图6对本发明的第1实施例进行说明。
【实施例1】
如图1所示，用于驱动前置式发动机/前轮驱动的混合动力车辆的左右的驱动轮W、W的行驶用动力装置具备发动机E、电动发电机MG、无级变速器T以及差速器D。
发动机E的曲轴30与无级变速器T的输入轴11直列连接，无级变速器T的输出轴12经由起步离合器31与差速器D的差速器壳32连接。在电动发电机MG的旋转轴34设置的马达齿轮35与设于输出轴12的驱动起动齿轮33啮合，并且，从动起动齿轮37与驱动起动齿轮33啮合，所述从动起动齿轮37以能够相对旋转自如的方式支承于曲轴30且能够利用起动离合器36与该曲轴30结合。
起动离合器36和从动起动齿轮37配置在曲轴30的相邻的两个曲柄臂38、38之间。从差速器D延伸的左右的驱动轴39、40中的一个驱动轴39以能够相对旋转自如的方式贯穿无级变速器T的中空的输出轴12的内部。
起动离合器36由液压控制的湿式多板型离合器构成，其仅在起动发动机E时卡合，其它时候解除卡合。
接下来，根据图2～6对无级变速器T的结构进行说明。
如图2和图3所示，本实施例的无级变速器T是将具有相同结构的多个（在实施例中为4个）变速单元10…沿轴向重叠而成的，这些变速单元10…具备平行地配置的共用的输入轴11和共用的输出轴12，这些变速单元10…将输入轴11的旋转减速或加速并传递至输出轴12。
以下，作为代表，对一个变速单元10的结构进行说明。与发动机E的曲轴30连接地旋转的输入轴11以能够相对旋转自如的方式贯穿电动马达那样的变速致动器14的中空的旋转轴14a的内部。变速致动器14的转子14b固定于旋转轴14a，定子14c固定于壳体。变速致动器14的旋转轴14a能够以与输入轴11相同的速度旋转，并且能够相对于输入轴11以不同的速度相对旋转。
在贯穿变速致动器14的旋转轴14a的输入轴11固定有第1行星齿轮15，曲柄状的行星架16以跨越该第1行星齿轮15的方式连接于变速致动器14的旋转轴14a。直径与第1行星齿轮15相同的两个第2行星齿轮17、17分别通过行星齿轮销16a、16a被支承在与第1行星齿轮15协作而构成正三角形的位置，齿圈18a与这些第1行星齿轮15和第2行星齿轮17、17啮合，所述齿圈18a以偏心的方式形成于圆板形的偏心盘18的内部。在连杆19的杆部19a的一端设置的环部19b经由球轴承20以能够相对旋转自如的方式嵌合于偏心盘18的外周面。
设在输出轴12的外周的单向离合器21具备：环状的外部件22，其经由销19c枢轴支承于连杆19的杆部19a；内部件23，其配置于外部件22的内部，且固定于输出轴12；以及辊25…，其配置于在外部件22的内周的圆弧面与内部件23的外周的平面之间形成的楔状的空间内，且被弹簧24…施力。
根据图2可以清楚地知道，4个变速单元10…共有曲柄状的行星架16，经由第2行星齿轮17、17被行星架16支承的偏心盘18的相位在各个变速单元10分别相差90°。例如，在图2中，左端的变速单元10的偏心盘18相对于输入轴11移位至图中上方，左起第3个变速单元10的偏心盘18相对于输入轴11移位至图中下方，左起第2个和第4个变速单元10、10的偏心盘18、18位于上下方向的中间。
接下来，对具备上述结构的本发明的实施例的作用进行说明。
首先，对无级变速器T的一个变速单元10的作用进行说明。当使变速致动器14的旋转轴14a相对于输入轴11相对旋转时，行星架16绕输入轴11的轴线L1旋转。此时，行星架16的中心Ｏ、即第1行星齿轮15和两个第2行星齿轮17、17构成的正三角形的中心绕输入轴11的轴线L1旋转。
图3和图5示出了行星架16的中心Ｏ相对于第1行星齿轮15（即输入轴11）位于与输出轴12相反的一侧的状态，此时，偏心盘18相对于输入轴11的偏心量变为最大，变速器T的比率成为最高状态。图4和图6示出了行星架16的中心Ｏ相对于第1行星齿轮15（即输入轴11）位于与输出轴12相同的一侧的状态，此时，偏心盘18相对于输入轴11的偏心量变为最小，变速器T的比率成为最低状态。
在图5所示的最高状态下，当利用发动机E使输入轴11旋转并使变速致动器14的旋转轴14a以与输入轴11相同的速度旋转时，输入轴11、旋转轴14a、行星架16、第1行星齿轮15、两个第2行星齿轮17、17以及偏心盘18在成为一体的状态下以输入轴11为中心绕逆时针方向（参照箭头A）进行偏心旋转。在从图5（A）经过图5（B）向图5（C）的状态旋转期间，经由球轴承20将环部19b以能够相对旋转自如的方式支承于偏心盘18的外周的连杆19使被销19c枢轴支承于其杆部19a的末端的外部件22绕逆时针方向（参照箭头B）旋转。图5（A）和图5（C）示出了外部件22的沿所述箭头B方向旋转的两端。
当外部件22这样沿箭头B方向旋转时，辊25…啮入到单向离合器21的外部件22与内部件23之间的楔状空间，从而将外部件22的旋转经由内部件23传递至输出轴12，因此，输出轴12绕逆时针方向（参照箭头C）旋转。
当输入轴11和第1行星齿轮15进一步旋转时，使齿圈18a与第1行星齿轮15及第2行星齿轮17、17啮合的偏心盘18绕逆时针方向（参照箭头A）偏心旋转。在从图5（C）经过图5（D）向图5（A）的状态旋转期间，经由球轴承20将环部19b以能够相对旋转自如的方式支承于偏心盘18的外周的连杆19使被销19c枢轴支承于其杆部19a的末端的外部件22绕顺时针方向（参照箭头B′）旋转。图5（C）和图5（A）示出了外部件22的沿所述箭头B′方向旋转的两端。
当外部件22这样沿箭头B′方向旋转时，辊25…一边压缩弹簧24…一边被从外部件22与内部件23之间的楔状的空间推出，由此使得外部件22相对于内部件23打滑，输出轴12不旋转。
如以上那样，当外部件22往复旋转时，只有当外部件22的旋转方向为逆时针方向（参照箭头B）时输出轴12才绕逆时针方向（参照箭头C）旋转，因此，输出轴12间歇旋转。
图6是示出在最低状态下变速器T运转时的作用的图。此时，由于输入轴11的位置与偏心盘18的中心一致，因此偏心盘18相对于输入轴11的偏心量为零。当在该状态下利用发动机E使输入轴11旋转并使变速致动器14的旋转轴14a以与输入轴11相同的速度旋转时，输入轴11、旋转轴14a、行星架16、第1行星齿轮15、两个第2行星齿轮17、17以及偏心盘18在成为一体的状态下以输入轴11为中心绕逆时针方向（参照箭头A）进行偏心旋转。可是，由于偏心盘18的偏心量为零，因此连杆19的往复运动的行程也为零，输出轴12不旋转。
因此，如果驱动变速致动器14并将行星架16的位置设定在图3的最高状态与图4的最低状态之间，则能够实现零比率与预定比率之间的任意比率下的运转。
在无级变速器T中，并列设置的4个变速单元10…的偏心盘18…的相位互相错开90°，因此，4个变速单元10…交替地传递驱动力，即4个单向离合器21…中的任意一个必然处于卡合状态，由此能够使输出轴12连续旋转。
为了使车辆前进行驶，只要在对起动离合器36解除了卡合的状态下将发动机E的曲轴30的旋转传递至无级变速器T的输入轴11，并将以任意的变速比变速后的输出轴12的旋转经由卡合的起步离合器31、差速器D以及驱动轴39、40传递至驱动轮W、W即可。此时，如果将电动发电机MG作为马达进行驱动而将旋转轴34的旋转经由马达齿轮35传递至驱动起动齿轮33，则能够以电动发电机MG的驱动力来辅助发动机E的驱动力。
另外，如果在使起步离合器31卡合并对起动离合器36解除了卡合的状态下将电动发电机MG作为马达进行驱动，则仅利用电动发电机MG的驱动力就能够使车辆进行前进行驶或后退行驶。另外，如果在车辆减速时将电动发电机MG作为发电机进行驱动，则能够通过再生制动将车辆的动能作为电能进行回收。
为了在车辆停止的状态下起动发动机E，只需要在下述状态下将电动发电机MG作为起动马达进行驱动即可：对起步离合器31解除卡合，并使起动离合器36卡合从而使从动起动齿轮37与曲轴30结合的状态。由此，能够将电动发电机MG的旋转轴34的旋转经由马达齿轮35、驱动起动齿轮33、从动起动齿轮37以及起动离合器36传递至曲轴30，使曲轴30转动，从而起动发动机E。
另外，一般来说，混合动力车辆利用低速转矩较大的电动发电机MG的驱动力进行起步，当车速达到预定值（例如，20km/m）时，起动发动机E而过渡到基于发动机E的驱动力实现的行驶。该起步后的发动机E的起动是在无需将电动发电机MG作为起动马达进行驱动的情况下进行的。即，如果在车辆起步后车速达到预定值时使起动离合器36卡合，则能够将驱动轮W、W的驱动力经由驱动轴39、40、差速器D、发信离合器31、输入轴11、驱动起动齿轮33、从动起动齿轮37以及起动离合器36传递至曲轴30，使曲轴30转动，从而起动发动机E。
驱动起动齿轮33和从动起动齿轮37的齿数比设定成：在车辆起步后进行发动机E的重新起动的标准车速（例如，20km/h）下，曲轴30的转动速度达到能够起动发动机E的速度，因此能够顺畅地进行发动机E的重新起动。另外，本实施例的无级变速器T是无法将驱动轮W、W的旋转反向传递至发动机E侧的结构，但是，通过采用驱动起动齿轮33和从动起动齿轮37将驱动轮W、W的旋转反向传递至曲轴30，无需将电动发电机MG作为起动马达进行驱动就能够起动发动机E，还能够有助于节省电力。
如果是具备如带式无级变速器或有级变速器那样能够反向传递驱动力的变速器的车辆，则能够将驱动轮W、W的驱动力经由变速器反向传递至曲轴30以起动发动机E，但在该情况下，由于无法避免通过具有变速器的带轮、带、齿轮、离合器等的较长的动力传递路径反向传递驱动力，因此存在由于该动力传递路径的摩擦而白白消耗掉车辆的动能的问题。
发动机E像这样起动后，通过对起动离合器36解除卡合，能够将发动机E的驱动力经由无级变速器T传递至驱动力W、W从而使车辆行驶。而且，发动机E的驱动力不会在通过无级变速器T的路径与通过从动起动齿轮37及驱动起动齿轮33的路径这两条路径上同时传递。
另外，由于从动起动齿轮37能够经由起动离合器36与曲轴30卡合和脱离，因此，通过对起动离合器36解除卡合，能够防止在基于电动发电机MG的驱动力进行行驶时拖拽发动机E和无级变速器T。而且，由于起动离合器36和从动起动齿轮37配置在曲轴30的相邻的两个曲柄臂38、38之间，因此，能够将发动机E的曲轴轴线方向尺寸的增加抑制在最小的限度。再有，由于设于曲轴30的从动起动齿轮37和起动离合器36发挥作为飞轮的功能，能够将设于曲轴30的现有的飞轮废除或小型化。
再有，由于起动离合器36设在从动起动齿轮37与曲轴30之间，因此，能够防止在利用发动机E的行驶过程中对从动起动齿轮37和驱动起动齿轮33的拖拽。即，如果将起动离合器36设在驱动起动齿轮33与输出轴12之间，则在发动机E运转中始终拖拽从动起动齿轮37和驱动起动齿轮33，从而导致油耗变差。
接下来，基于图7对本发明的第2实施例进行说明。
【实施例2】
第1实施例的起动离合器36由液压控制的湿式多板型离合器构成，而第2实施例的起动离合器36是由将卡合解除机构设于斜撑式或滚柱式的单向离合器这样的结构构成。
由带卡合解除机构的单向离合器构成的起动离合器36构成为，在从设于输出轴12的驱动起动齿轮33向设于曲轴30的从动起动齿轮37传递旋转时，与通常的单向离合器同样地卡合以使曲轴30转动，从而能够起动发动机E。另外，当发动机起动而曲轴30的转速增加时，通过单向离合器的一般功能解除卡合，由此能够防止曲轴30的旋转经由从动起动齿轮37和驱动起动齿轮33传递至输出轴12，从而能够无障碍地经由变速器T进行动力传递。
另外，如果起动离合器36是通常的单向离合器，则在基于发动机E进行的行驶过程中在下坡等经由驱动起动齿轮33被输出轴12驱动的起动从动齿轮37的转速超过曲轴30的转速时，存在单向离合器卡合从而使发动机E超转的可能性。可是，本实施例的起动离合器36由带卡合解除机构的单向离合器构成，因此，能够根据电机信号将在下坡等本来会卡合的单向离合器切换为非卡合状态。因而，在存在因从输出轴12侧反向传递的旋转使得发动机E超转的可能性的情况下，能够强制地对起动离合器36解除卡合来避免发动机E超转。
根据本实施例，采用由带卡合解除机构的单向离合器构成的起动离合器36来取代由液压控制的湿式多板型离合器构成的起动离合器36，由此，不再需要液压控制设备，从而能够简化结构。
接下来，基于图8对本发明的第3实施例进行说明。
【实施例3】
在第1实施例中，驱动起动齿轮33设置于输出轴12，但在第3实施例中，驱动起动齿轮33设置于差速器D的差速器壳32。
这样，通过使驱动起动齿轮33的位置从输出轴12移动至差速器壳32，与第1实施例相比，能够使差速器D的位置向车宽方向中央移动，从而使从差速器D延伸的左右的驱动轴39、40长度均匀。
以上，对本发明的实施例进行了说明，但本发明能够在不脱离其主旨的范围内适当地进行各种设计变形。
例如，在实施例中，将输出轴12配置在左侧的驱动轴39的外周，但也能够将其配置在右侧的驱动轴40的外周。

Claims (8)

1.一种车辆的发动机起动装置，变速器（T）将与发动机（E）的曲轴（30）连接的输入轴（11）的旋转变速并传递至与驱动轮（W）连接的输出轴（12），所述变速器（T）具备：
输入侧支点（18），其相对于所述输入轴（11）的轴线的偏心量可变，且与该输入轴（11）一起旋转；
单向离合器（21），其设置于所述输出轴（12）；
输出侧支点（19c），其设置于所述单向离合器（21）的输入部件（22）；以及
连杆（19），其以两端与所述输入侧支点（18）及所述输出侧支点（19c）连接的方式进行往复运动，
所述车辆的发动机起动装置的特征在于，
所述车辆的发动机起动装置具备：
驱动起动齿轮（33），其设置于所述输出轴（12）或与该输出轴（12）连接的差速器（D）；和
从动起动齿轮（37），其设置于所述曲轴（30），且与所述驱动起动齿轮（33）啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆的发动机起动装置，其特征在于，
所述驱动起动齿轮（33）和所述从动起动齿轮（37）的齿数比设定为：当车速达到使所述发动机（E）起动的预定车速时，所述曲轴（30）的转速成为能够使所述发动机（E）起动的转速。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的车辆的发动机起动装置，其特征在于，
所述车辆的发动机起动装置具备卡合装置（36），在起动所述发动机（E）时，所述卡合装置（36）卡合，以便将所述驱动起动齿轮（33）的旋转经由所述从动起动齿轮（37）传递至所述曲轴（30），在所述发动机（E）起动后，所述卡合装置（36）解除卡合，以免所述曲轴（30）的旋转经由所述从动起动齿轮（37）和所述驱动起动齿轮（33）传递至所述输出轴（12）。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆的发动机起动装置，其特征在于，
所述卡合装置（36）设置在所述从动起动齿轮（37）与所述曲轴（30）之间。
5.根据权利要求3或权利要求4所述的车辆的发动机起动装置，其特征在于，
所述卡合装置（36）具备如下的单向功能：当所述输出轴（12）的转速超过所述曲轴（30）的转速时，所述卡合装置（36）卡合，当所述曲轴（30）的转速超过所述输出轴（12）的转速时，所述卡合装置（36）解除卡合。
6.根据权利要求1～权利要求5中的任意一项所述的车辆的发动机起动装置，其特征在于，
所述驱动起动齿轮（33）设置于差速器（D）的差速器壳（32）。
7.根据权利要求1～权利要求6中的任意一项所述的车辆的发动机起动装置，其特征在于，
在电动马达（MG）的旋转轴（34）设置的马达齿轮（35）与所述驱动起动齿轮（33）啮合。
8.根据权利要求1～权利要求7中的任意一项所述的车辆的发动机起动装置，其特征在于，
所述从动起动齿轮（37）配置在所述曲轴（30）的相邻的两个曲柄臂（38）之间。
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