CN105473365A - 用于混合动力车辆的传动系 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的传动系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105473365A
CN105473365A CN201480026944.4A CN201480026944A CN105473365A CN 105473365 A CN105473365 A CN 105473365A CN 201480026944 A CN201480026944 A CN 201480026944A CN 105473365 A CN105473365 A CN 105473365A
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China
Prior art keywords
shaft
transmission
gear
electrically powered
powered machine
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CN201480026944.4A
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CN105473365B (zh
Inventor
S·穆勒
F·海尔福特
P·舒尔蒂斯
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K2025/005—Auxiliary drives driven by electric motors forming part of the propulsion unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0931—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts each countershaft having an output gear meshing with a single common gear on the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/006—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising eight forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906—Motor or generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的传动系(10)，该传动系包括内燃发动机(12)，该内燃发动机具有一个用于提供扭矩来驱动该混合动力车辆的电机轴(18)，并且该传动系包括一个用于提供扭矩来驱动该混合动力车辆的电动机器(30)，其中，该电动机器(30)，具体是用于该内燃发动机(12)的启动的电动机器，可以借助于一个用于提供至少两种不同的传动比的可选择性啮合的行星齿轮单元(38)而联接至该电机轴(18)，其中，该电动机器(30)可以借助于一个变速器齿轮传动(48)、具体是具有传动比不同于1.0的太阳齿轮系统而联接至一个中间轴(46)，以便将该扭矩引入该行星齿轮单元(38)。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的传动系
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的传动系(Hybridkraftfahrzeug)，借助该传动系，可以传递由内燃发动机和/或电动机器产生的扭矩。
US2010/0216584A1披露了一种用于混合动力车辆的传动系，其中电动机器具有一个转子，该转子被设计成行星齿轮组的环形体。该环形体经由通过行星架支撑的行星轮联接至太阳轮上，该太阳轮是出于共同旋转的目的连接到机动车辆变速器的变速器输出轴上的，使得该混合动力车辆能够被电力驱动。该行星架与一个轴相连接，该轴经由齿轮传动而连接至内燃发动机的发动机轴上，以便能够借助于该电动机器启动该内燃发动机。
对于减小安装传动系所需的空间存在着持续的需求。
本发明的目的是指明允许传动系具有较小安装空间需求的措施。
根据本发明，该目的是通过具有权利要求1的特征的传动系来实现的。从属权利要求中指明了本发明的优选实施例，这些实施例可以各自单独地或组合地表示本发明的一个方面。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于混合动力车辆的传动系，所述传动系具有：一台内燃发动机，该内燃发动机用于提供扭矩来驱动该混合动力车辆且具有一个发动机轴；以及一个电动机器，该电动机器用于提供扭矩来驱动该混合动力车辆，其中，该电动机器可以联接至该发动机轴，尤其以便经由用于提供至少两种不同的传动比的可换挡的行星齿轮组来启动该内燃发动机，其中，该电动机器可经由变速齿轮(尤其是正齿轮，具有不同于1.0的传动比)联接至中间轴，以便将该扭矩引入该行星齿轮组。
该变速齿轮可被定位为，根据该中间轴的设计，在轴向方向(即大体上与该内燃发动机的发动机轴的旋转轴线平行)上以限定的距离与该行星齿轮组间隔开。因此，该电动机器可以被安排成在轴向方向上与该行星齿轮组邻近，从而确保该电动机器不必径向地装配在该行星齿轮组周围。由此有可能减少该电动机器在径向方向上的范围，从而允许降低该传动系的安装空间需求。该行星齿轮组以及该行星齿轮组之后的到发动机轴的链接(例如经由齿链或滚子链)提供了尤其导致电动机器速度下降的传动比，从而允许引入相应较高的扭矩来启动该内燃发动机。为了冷启动该内燃发动机，该行星齿轮组可以提供例如为1:3的传动比以用于此目的。因为该电动机器不会直接作用于该行星齿轮组，而是首先经由该变速齿轮联接至该中间轴，借助于该变速齿轮可实现额外的传动比，从而尤其导致该电动机器的速度的进一步下降。由此能够以较低速度将相应较高的扭矩引入该行星齿轮组。其结果是，该行星齿轮组可以被设计成用于较低的速度并且因而用于离心力所引起的较低的负载，由此能够降低对于该行星齿轮组的设计需求并降低生产成本。通过距离该行星齿轮组一段距离的该电动机器的安排(可能是由于该中间轴造成的)、并且通过可以由该变速齿轮实现的电动机器速度的进一步降低，可减小该电动机器的尺寸，由此允许传动系具有较小的安装空间需求。
该内燃发动机的发动机轴可以是曲轴或万向轴，例如可由该内燃发动机中的燃料混合物的燃烧直接或间接驱动。作为功能元件，该行星齿轮组尤其是具有太阳轮、环形体、至少一个与该太阳轮和该环形体相啮合的行星轮、以及以可旋转的方式支撑该至少一个行星轮的行星架。具体地讲，通过使该行星齿轮组的功能元件中的一个相对于另一个功能元件和/或相对于一个固定部件(例如外壳)进行制动和/或旋转地相联接或者取消所述的制动和/或联接，可以修改该行星齿轮组的传动比。举例来说，该变速齿轮具有为共同旋转目的而连接至该电动机器的电机轴的第一轮(具体是齿轮或皮带轮)、以及为共同旋转目的而连接至该中间轴的第二轮(具体是齿轮或皮带轮)，其中，该第一轮和该第二轮具有不同的有效直径，以用于提供所希望的传动比。通过使用一个正齿轮作为变速齿轮，固定的传动比可被指定为具有较小的安装空间需求。然而，还有可能例如借助于无级变速器(CVT)来提供该变速齿轮的可变传动比。该电动机器经由该变速齿轮可以永久地与该中间轴相啮合和连接。
具体地，该电动机器可以经由辅助轴与至少一个辅助单元联接，该辅助轴与该发动机轴径向间隔开并且能够与该中间轴联接，其中，具体地，该辅助轴与该内燃发动机径向地间隔开。这使其有可能对辅助单元(例如油泵、水泵、空调系统的空调压缩机等等)尤其是经由带传动进行机械驱动，借助于该电动机器，即使在该内燃发动机关闭时也可进行机械驱动。另外，该内燃发动机可以具有扭矩输出，例如与该发动机轴连接的皮带轮或链轮，以便经由与该辅助轴所用的相同的机械链接对这些辅助单元进行机械驱动。具体地讲，可经由该辅助轴驱动的这些辅助单元可以被定位在该内燃发动机的远离该机动车辆变速器的一侧，而在与该机动车辆变速器相同的一侧上可以提供该电动机器经由该行星齿轮组至该发动机轴的联接。通过优选地在该内燃发动机的外部的该辅助轴和该中间轴可以容易地跨接到该发动机轴的链接和尤其经由带传动产生的到这些辅助单元的链接之间的轴向间距。
该电动机器优选地被定位在该内燃发动机的轴向水平上，并与该内燃发动机径向地间隔开，其中，具体地，该中间轴和/或该辅助轴在径向方向上被定位在该内燃发动机与该电动机器之间。因此，该电动机器可在径向方向上被定位成邻近该内燃发动机，从而使其不必在该内燃发动机与该机动车辆变速器之间提供用于该电动机器的轴向安装空间。由此有可能使该传动系的轴向安装空间需求保持较小，理想地是对长度具有中性效应。
作为一个特别优选的选项，该行星齿轮组具有至少一个用于改变传动比的离合器，其中，具体地，第一离合器可使该行星齿轮组的环形体制动，从而该环形体被固定以防止相对转动，和/或第二离合器可使该行星齿轮组的环形体为共同旋转目的而联接至该中间轴，其中，该行星齿轮组优选地具有为共同旋转目的而连接至该中间轴的太阳轮。具体地，该第一离合器和/或该第二离合器是能够动力换档的和/或电子控制的，因而允许优选地至少部分地持续改变该传动比，具有处于持续运转的滑动离合器。该第一离合器打开、该第二离合器关闭，这使得该行星齿轮组能够作为一个块体进行旋转，其传动比是1.0。如果该第一离合器是关闭的而该第二离合器是打开的，得到不同于1.0的传动比。如果该第一离合器和该第二离合器都是打开的，可以中断在该电动机器与该发动机轴之间的扭矩传递。
该发动机轴优选地可经由变速器离合器联接至机动车辆变速器，用以切换传动齿轮，其中，该机动车辆变速器具有至少一个用于引入扭矩的变速器输入轴、一个用于输出已转换的扭矩的变速器输出轴、以及至少一个用于使该扭矩从该变速器输入轴传递至该变速器输出轴的换挡杆轴，其中，该电动机器可以联接至该换挡杆轴，绕开了该变速器输入轴而用以将扭矩引入该换挡杆轴，或联接至该变速器输出轴以便将扭矩引入该变速器输出轴。具体地，该机动车辆变速器可以被设计成是用于无需中断牵引作用即可实质上切换传动齿轮的双离合器变速器。具体地，该变速器离合器被设计成是双离合器。在该混合动力车辆的纯电动操作过程中，该电动机器提供的扭矩可被直接引入该机动车辆变速器而无需在该扭矩到达该机动车辆变速器之前使电力首先必须流经该变速器离合器和该变速器输入轴。这优化了链效率，并为高效率提供了条件。具体地，用于将该发动机轴联接至该至少一个变速器输入轴的变速器离合器是打开的，用以中断从该机动车辆变速器的外部输入该变速器输入轴的扭矩。作为一个特别优选的选项，该内燃发动机与该机动车辆变速器脱离联接以用于该混合动力车辆的纯电动操作，并且然后将由该电动机器产生的扭矩经由该机动车辆变速器的换挡杆轴引入该机动车辆变速器，绕开了该至少一个变速器输入轴和该变速器离合器。具体地，这使其有可能避免在电力驱动模式下由该发动机轴和该变速器离合器导致的阻力矩。
具体地，该电动机器可以经由直接作用在该换挡杆轴或该变速器输出轴上的正齿轮副和/或经由直接作用在该换挡杆轴或该变速器输出轴上的挠性变速器联接至该换挡杆轴或联接至该变速器输出轴。因而可省略中间部件。具体地，如果该电动机器的扭矩被引入该换挡杆轴，该扭矩可选地经由该变速器输入轴只被间接传递至该变速器输出轴，由此使其有可能实现该电动机器与该变速器输出轴之间的额外的传动比，取决于所选的传动齿轮。
优选地，该机动车辆变速器具有可被联接至该电动机器的第一换挡杆轴、以及被联接至该输出轴的第二换挡杆轴，其中，可以通过该电动机器被引入该机动车辆变速器的扭矩经由该第一换挡杆轴并经由该第二换挡杆轴流至该输出轴。这使其有可能将该变速器输出轴和该中间轴安排在该机动车辆变速器的不同侧。可以通过这些换挡杆轴跨接该中间轴与该输出轴之间的径向间距。
以下将通过举例的方式使用一个优选实施例并参照附图来对本发明进行说明，其中以下描述的这些特征既可以在各自情况下单独地也可以组合地表示本发明的一个方面。在附图中：
图1示出了用于混合动力车辆的传动系的示意图。
用于混合动力车辆的如图1所示的传动系10具有内燃发动机12，该内燃发动机可以通过被设计成双离合器的变速器离合器14联接至机动车辆变速器16。变速器离合器14具有第一部件离合器C1以用于将内燃发动机12的发动机轴18联接至被设计成实心轴的第一变速器输入轴20、以及第二部件离合器C2以用于将发动机轴18联接至被设计成空心轴的第二变速器输入轴22。在机动车辆变速器16内，变速器输入轴20、22经由可换挡的变速器级与用于传动齿轮3、4、7和8的第一换挡杆轴24相啮合、并与用于传动齿轮1、2、5和6的第二换挡杆轴26相啮合。第二换挡杆轴26经由输出齿轮Ko1与变速器输出轴28的输入齿轮K啮合，该变速器输出轴通过差速器29联接至该混合动力车辆的从动轮(未示出)，用以使该混合动力车辆移动。
借助于电动机器30，可以启动内燃发动机12。为此，内燃发动机12的发动机轴18具有皮带轮或链轮32，该皮带轮或链轮通过第一带传动或链传动34联接至行星齿轮组38的行星架36。行星架36支撑行星轮40，这些行星轮与太阳轮42和环形体44啮合。太阳轮42连接至中间轴46，借助于此，电动机器30经由传动齿轮48与行星齿轮组38连接并与其间隔一定的轴向距离。行星齿轮组38具有第一离合器K1，借助于此，环形体44可以相对于该外壳以固定的方式被保持，其传动比不同于1.0而用于该内燃发动机的冷启动，例如，使其有可能改变中间轴46的速度并增加发动机轴18上的相应扭矩。借助于第二离合器K2，环形体44可以为共同旋转目的而连接至该中间轴，从而导致经由该行星齿轮组的传动比为1.0而用于内燃发动机12的热启动，例如，当第一离合器K1打开时。
特别是整体地，是同轴辅助轴50与中间轴46连接而用于共同旋转。借助于辅助轴50，辅助单元(具体是机动车辆空调压缩系统的空调压缩机54或水泵56)可以在内燃发动机12关闭时借助于电动机器30经由第二带传动52而被驱动。还提供了油泵58，在所示的实施例中该油泵与发动机轴18连接并且可替代地可以经由该第二带传动52驱动。
对于该混合动力车辆的纯电动操作，借助于第三离合器K3，与中间轴46同轴的驱动轴60可以与中间轴46联接而用于共同旋转。经由驱动轴60，可以将电动机器30的扭矩直接引入机动车辆变速器16，绕开了变速器离合器14和变速器输入轴20、22，并且，在第一离合器K1和第二离合器K2都打开的情况下，还绕开了行星齿轮组38和发动机轴18。为此，延伸至机动车辆变速器16的外部的驱动轴60可以与第一换挡杆轴24的驱动齿轮Ko2啮合。引入第一换挡杆轴24的扭矩经由连接件62被传至变速器输出轴28，如果变速器输出轴28被安排在两个换挡杆轴24、26之间，该连接件可以被提供在机动车辆变速器16的与驱动轴60相对的一侧上。
为了使内燃发动机12冷启动，第一离合器K1可以关闭，而第二离合器K2和第三离合器K3是打开的，从而允许借助行星齿轮组38的额外的传动比进行的高扭矩需求的冷启动，并且同时可以允许辅助单元54、56得以驱动。在内燃发动机12启动之后，可以在离合器K1、K2、K3的位置上使电动机器30以马达的形式进行操作，以便借助于该额外的功率输入来进行推进和/或助力功能，由行星齿轮组38来提供额外的传动比是可能的。电动机器30还可以作为发电机来操作，从而允许内燃发动机12的一些功率被送至电动机器30，例如来对机动车辆蓄电池充电，其中，额外的传动比是由行星齿轮组38提供的。在这种情况下，这些辅助单元54、56是经由中间轴46和辅助轴50由内燃发动机12驱动的。
当第一离合器K1和第三离合器K3打开而第二离合器K2关闭时，在行星齿轮组38中得到的传动比是1.0，具体地是允许内燃发动机12在热机下启动。在内燃发动机12启动之后，可以在离合器K1、K2、K3的位置上使电动机器30以马达的形式进行操作，以便借助于该额外的功率输入而进行推进和/或助力功能，在这种情况下行星齿轮组38不提供额外的传动比。电动机器30还可以作为发电机来操作，从而允许内燃发动机12的一些功率被送入电动机器30，在这种情况下行星齿轮组38不提供额外的传动比。在这种情况下，这些辅助单元54、56是经由中间轴46和辅助轴50由内燃发动机12驱动的。
对于纯电动操作，第一离合器K1和第二离合器K2是打开的，而第三离合器K3是关闭的。在纯电动操作中，内燃发动机12被关掉并可在通过关闭第一离合器K1或第二离合器K2的电动操作过程中以一种简单的方式启动。在这个过程中，第三离合器K3可保持关闭，直至内燃发动机12已经启动和/或变速器离合器14要被关闭。当第一离合器K1、第二离合器K2和第三离合器K3打开时，从电动机器30至发动机轴18并且至机动车辆变速器16的功率流被中断，从而允许这些辅助单元54、56甚至在内燃发动机12被关掉时也可由电动机器30驱动。
因此，辅助单元54、56的操作可以与该发动机的转速无关。在低转速下，这些辅助单元因而可以更快地转动，而在高转速下可以比发动机更慢地转动。这对于这些辅助单元和/或其效率的设计具有积极的影响。此外，通过使该功率流经由变速器输出轴28从该混合动力车辆的车轮流至电动机器30而绕过变速器16，使回收模式成为可能。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的传动系，该传动系具有
内燃发动机(12)，该内燃发动机用于提供扭矩来驱动该混合动力车辆且具有一个发动机轴(18)，以及
一个用于提供扭矩来驱动该混合动力车辆的电动机器(30)，其中，该电动机器(30)能够联接至该发动机轴(18)，具体地以便经由一个用于提供至少两种不同的传动比的可换挡的行星齿轮组(38)来启动该内燃发动机，
其中，该电动机器(30)能够经由一个具体是正齿轮且具有不同于1.0的传动比的变速齿轮(48)而联接至一个中间轴(46)，以便将该扭矩引入该行星齿轮组(38)。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动系，其特征在于，该电动机器(30)能够经由一个辅助轴(50)与至少一个辅助单元(54，56)联接，该辅助轴与该发动机轴(18)是径向间隔开的并且能够联接至该中间轴(46)，其中，具体地，该辅助轴(50)与该内燃发动机(12)是径向间隔开的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的传动系，其特征在于，该电动机器(30)被定位在该内燃发动机(12)的轴向水平上并与该内燃发动机(12)是径向地间隔开的，其中，具体地，该中间轴(46)和/或该辅助轴(50)在径向方向上被定位在该内燃发动机(12)与该电动机器(30)之间。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的传动系，其特征在于，该行星齿轮组(38)具有用于改变传动比的至少一个离合器(K1，K2)，其中，具体地，一个第一离合器(K1)能够使该行星齿轮组(38)的一个环形体(44)制动从而使该环形体相对于外壳固定，和/或一个第二离合器(K2)能够使该行星齿轮组(38)的环形体(44)为共同旋转目的而联接至该中间轴(46)，其中，该行星齿轮组(38)优选地具有一个为共同旋转目的而连接至该中间轴(46)的太阳轮(42)。
5.如权利要求1至4之一所述的传动系，其特征在于，该发动机轴(18)能够经由一个变速器离合器(14)联接至一个机动车辆变速器(16)以便用于切换传动齿轮，其中，该机动车辆变速器(16)具有至少一个用于引入扭矩的变速器输入轴(20，22)、一个用于输出改变的扭矩的变速器输出轴(28)、以及至少一个用于将从该变速器输入轴(20，22)向该变速器输出轴(28)传递扭矩的换挡杆轴(24，26)，其中，该电动机器(30)能够联接至该换挡杆轴(24，26)从而绕开该变速器输入轴(20，22)以便将扭矩引入该换挡杆轴(24，26)，或者联接至该变速器输出轴(28)以便将扭矩引入该变速器输出轴(28)。
6.如权利要求5所述的传动系，其特征在于，该电动机器(30)能够经由一个直接作用在该换挡杆轴(24，26)上或作用在该变速器输出轴(28)上的正齿轮副和/或经由一个直接作用在该换挡杆轴(24，26)上或作用在该变速器输出轴(28)上的挠性变速器而联接至该换挡杆轴(24，26)或联接至该变速器输出轴(28)。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的传动系，其特征在于，该机动车辆变速器(16)具有一个能够联接至该电动机器(30)的第一换挡杆轴(24)、以及一个联接至该输出轴(28)的第二换挡杆轴(26)，其中，能够通过该电动机器(30)而被引入该机动车辆变速器(16)的扭矩经由该第一换挡杆轴(24)并经由该第二换挡杆轴(26)而流向该输出轴(28)。
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