CN102537232B - 电动机辅助变速器 - Google Patents
电动机辅助变速器 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
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- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
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- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电动机辅助变速器。动力传动系包括具有曲轴的发动机。动力传动系包括行星齿轮组,其具有第一、第二和第三构件。第一构件被连接用于与输入构件共同旋转。第一离合器可选择性地接合以将曲轴与输入构件操作性地连接。第二离合器可选择性地接合以将输入构件与静止构件固定。电动机/发电机具有转子,其被操作性地连接用于与第二构件共同旋转。输出构件被设置有一组互相啮合的齿轮,它们被构造为将扭矩从第三构件传递到输出构件。第一齿轮对和第二齿轮对可分别通过第一同步器和第二同步器的接合而操作,以提供在输入构件和输出构件之间的两种不同固定比。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有手动变速器和具有电动机/发电机的动力传动系。
背景技术
传统手动变速器使用司机操纵的离合器和被司机手手动换挡的换挡杆。当换挡叉移动同步器以接合不同齿轮时,离合器被脱开,其中所述不同齿轮通过变速器建立不同的固定速度比(即,不同的齿轮比)。在低齿轮比时,司机通常期望比变速器设计提供的扭矩或速度的更大的扭矩或速度。在这些齿轮比期间,这导致司机过多的踩下加速器踏板,降低燃油消耗。另外,在起步时发动机以低速运转时,在手动变速器中的低齿轮比是存在固有噪音的。
发明内容
变速器设置有电动机/发电机,其被操作为起动变速器和与发动机协力通过行星齿轮组提供扭矩,以允许发动机在较低输出速度范围期间以优化的预定速度运转。变速器以不同固定比例在较高输出速度下运转,以在高速时提供优异的燃料经济,诸如在高速路巡航期间。
特别地,动力传动系设置有发动机,其具有发动机曲轴。动力传动系包括行星齿轮组,其具有第一构件、第二构件和第三构件,这些构件包括太阳齿轮构件、承载构件和环齿轮构件。第一构件被连接用于与输入构件共同旋转。第一离合器可选择性地接合以操作性地将发动机曲轴与输入构件连接。第二离合器可选择性地接合以将输入构件接地于静止构件。如在此所用,静止构件是非旋转构件,诸如变速器壳体。具有转子的电动机/发电机操作性地被连接用于与第二构件共同旋转。提供输出构件,其具有一组互相啮合的齿轮,其被构造为将扭矩从第三构件传递到输出构件。第一齿轮对具有第一齿轮和第二齿轮,该第一齿轮被连接用于与输入构件一起旋转,该第二齿轮与第一齿轮啮合和能绕输出构件旋转。第二齿轮对具有第三齿轮和第四齿轮,该第三齿轮被连接用于与输入构件一起旋转,该第四齿轮与第三齿轮啮合且能绕输出构件旋转。第一同步器可选择性地接合以连接第二齿轮,用于与输出构件共同旋转。第二同步器可选择性地接合以连接第四齿轮,用于与输出构件共同旋转。
通过提供单个行星齿轮组和电动机/发电机,通常在手动变速器的较低手动档位下获得的速度比在电可变操作模式中获得,其允许发动机以其用于燃料效率的最优化的运转点运转,而电动机/发电机提供额外的扭矩。动力传动系在固定比例的运行模式下以低的输出速度、以优化的燃料经济提供手动变速器的益处和巡航舒适性。
电动机/发电机用于在没有发动机的情况下起动车辆,进一步改善燃料经济。电动机/发电机还可被控制为在两个固定速度比之间换挡期间在输出构件处改变扭矩,确保避免同步器的可能的失效或滑脱。电动机/发电机可被控制为对在电可变操作模式期间的发动机震动进行阻尼。电动机/发电机可被控制用作发电机,以将机械能转换为被存储的电能,诸如在具有动力传动系的车辆在仅电操作模式下山时。
本发明的上述特征和优势以及其他特征和优势通过阅读用于实施本发明的较佳模式的以下详细描述并结合附图将会更容易地显现。
附图说明
图1是动力传动系的一个实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
参考附图,动力传动系10被示出为包括发动机12和变速器14。如将进一步描述,变速器14包括电动机/发电机16,其被用于提供额外的扭矩给动力传动系10从而发动机12可以其最有效的运转点在通常与手动变速器中低固定档位关联的输出速度范围内运转。
发动机12具有发动机曲轴18,该曲轴经由第一离合器19的接合可选择性地连接,以提供扭矩给输入轴20(在此还称为输入构件)。第一离合器19的接合被保持直到被车辆操作者选择性地脱开,通常通过踩下脚踏板或其他操作者输入装置以将发动机曲轴18从输入轴20断开,或通过控制器22作用,其激励促动器(未示出)以用液压接合离合器19。
控制器22还控制第二离合器24的接合,第二离合器可选择性将输入轴20的毂25连接到静止构件26,由此将输入轴20接地(ground)到静止构件26。第二离合器24可以是电磁离合器,其在电流施加以产生磁场时接合。
电动机/发电机16包括转子27和定子28。定子28被安装到静止构件26。控制器22通过功率逆变器30将电能(其储存在电存储装置29中,诸如电池)提供给定子28,该逆变器将被储存的直流电转换成电动机/发电机16使用的交流电。当电动机/发电机16作为电动机时,功率被提供给定子28,以在转子27处造成机械扭矩和转子27的旋转。转子27绕旋转轴线旋转,该旋转轴线与输入轴20共轴线。当电动机/发电机16被用作发电机时,转子27的机械扭矩被转换为定子28中的电功率,该电功率通过功率逆变器20转换并储存在能量存储装置29中。
变速器14还具有行星齿轮组40,其具有太阳齿轮构件42、环齿轮构件44和承载构件46。被承载构件46支撑的小齿轮47与环齿轮构件44啮合和与太阳齿轮构件42啮合。太阳齿轮构件42被称为第一构件、环齿轮构件44被称为第二构件和承载构件46被称为第三构件。太阳齿轮构件42被连接用于与输入构件20共同旋转。环齿轮构件44被连接用于与转子27共同旋转。承载构件46被连接用于与传递齿轮组52(也称为一组互相啮合的齿轮)的第一传递齿轮50共同旋转。传递齿轮组52包括第二传递齿轮54,其与第一传递齿轮50啮合。第二传递齿轮54被连接用于与输出轴56(也称为输出构件)共同旋转。输出轴56与输入轴20大致平行。
第一齿轮对60和第二齿轮对70可用于将扭矩从输入轴20以不同速度比传递到输出轴56。第一齿轮对60包括第一齿轮62,该第一齿轮被连接用于与输入轴20共同旋转和与第二齿轮64啮合,该第二齿轮可旋转但并不被连接为与输出轴56共同旋转。齿轮62、64可以是正齿轮或其他类型互相啮合的齿轮。当液压促动的换挡叉69(由控制器22液压控制)在附图中向左移动以接合第二齿轮64从而用于与输出轴56共同旋转时,第一同步器68被接合。
第二齿轮对70包括第三齿轮72,该第三齿轮被连接用于与输入轴20共同旋转和与第四齿轮74啮合,该第四齿轮是可绕输出轴56旋转的但并不被连接用于与输出轴56一起旋转。齿轮72、74可以是正齿轮或其他类型的互相啮合的齿轮。当换挡叉69在附图中被向右移动以接合第四齿轮74从而用于与输出轴56共同旋转时,第二同步器76被接合。第一同步器68和第二同步器76在输出轴56上彼此相邻且可被整合制成作为双同步器,如图所示。当第一同步器68被接合时,扭矩可按照取决于第一齿轮62对第二齿轮64的槽齿比(toothratio)的速度比从输入轴20传递到输出轴56。当第二同步器76被接合时,扭矩可以以取决于第三齿轮72对第四齿轮74的槽齿比的速度比从输入轴20传递到输出轴56。
为了使变速器14起动,仅电操作模式通过接合离合器24而建立,而此时离合器19和同步器68和76不接合。接合的离合器24允许反扭矩(reactiontorque)在太阳齿轮构件42处由静止构件26提供。发动机12被关闭,因为燃料供给被切断。电动机/发电机16被控制作为电动机,以通过行星齿轮组40和传递齿轮组52将扭矩提供到输出轴56以推进车辆。除了沿前进方向起动车辆之外,电动机/发电机16可被控制,从而转子27沿相反的旋转方向旋转,以使输出轴56沿相反的旋转方向旋转,提供反向运行模式。反向运行模式也是仅电运行模式,并允许与在由发动机12为反向模式提供动力的情况下沿相反的旋转方向而将扭矩从输入轴20传递到输出轴56相比少一个互相啮合齿轮组和少一个同步器。
仅电模式被用于起动车辆并处于相对低的车辆速度(例如,从0-10千米每小时)。该起动与传统变速器中使用发动机的起动相比有改善,因为电动机/发电机16可提供车辆操作者期望的快加速,而没有与在起动期间过度踩下加速器油门相关的燃料经济损失。在仅电运行模式,当具有动力传动系10的车辆下山以将机械能转换为被储存的电能时,电动机/发电机16可被控制以用作发电机。
一旦在起动后建立临界速度,诸如10公里每小时的速度,则离合器24被脱开且离合器19被接合,从而发动机12在电可变(电无级变速)运行模式中与电动机/发电机16并行地提供扭矩。在电可变操作模式,发动机12被控制为以预定的优化制动单位燃料消耗(BSFC)点运行,将预定扭矩或速度提供给曲轴18和输入轴20。电动机/发电机16在该模式期间按照运行条件需要被控制为作为电动机来运行,和替换地作为发电机来运行,以便在输出轴56处提供操作者命令的扭矩,同时允许发动机12以用于优化的燃料经济性的预定速度运行。电动机/发电机16可被控制为对发动机12的震动进行电阻尼,该震动可在低每分钟转数(RPMs)期间发生。指示过度震动正在曲轴18处发生的传感器(未示出)控制电动机/发电机16,以按照需要用作电动机或用作发电机以消除与震动相关的扭矩变化。因为额外的扭矩被电动机/发电机16提供,与在输出轴56处满足命令的扭矩所需的其他情况相比发动机12可被减小尺寸。
电可变操作模式被使用直到传感器(诸如在加速器上)表明车辆操作者在输出轴56处需要一种在需要低扭矩的情况下的相对较高的速度。控制器22然后控制对液压流体进行引导的阀,以将换挡叉69向左移动,以接合同步器68,允许扭矩从输入轴20传递到输出轴56。同时,控制器22停止从电池29到电动机/发电机16的功率输送,允许转子27自由转动。发动机12现在在固定比例的运行模式下在输出轴56处以由第一齿轮62对第二齿轮64的槽齿比确定的速度比提供扭矩。当在输出轴56处需要的速度更大时,控制器22将导致液压流体促动换挡叉69向右,接合同步器76和建立更高的固定速度比,该速度比由第三齿轮72对第四齿轮74的槽齿比确定。两种固定比例的运行模式被设计为在传统手动变速器中提供大体与第四齿轮和第五齿轮等同的速度比。通过以固定比例和以这些较高的速度运行所提供的燃料经济性和舒适度由此没有因电动机辅助变速器14而损失。当在固定比例运行模式之间换挡以防止任一同步器68、76滑脱或失效时,电动机/发电机16可提供扭矩。
在电可变操作模式期间或在任一固定比例运行模式期间,如果车辆需要制动或正在下山,则控制器22可将电动机/发电机16操作为发电机,以将在输出轴56处的一些扭矩转换为储存在能量存储装置29中的电能,使输出轴56降速并捕获制动能量。
尽管用于执行本发明的较佳模式已经被详细描述,那些熟悉本发明所属本领域的人将意识到各种不同的替换设计和实施例,用于在所附权利要求的范围内实施本发明。
Claims (8)
1.一种动力传动系,包括:
发动机,具有发动机曲轴;
行星齿轮组,具有第一构件、第二构件和第三构件,这些构件包括太阳齿轮构件、承载构件和环齿轮构件;
其特征在于,该动力传动器还包括
输入构件;其中,第一构件固定到输入构件,以与输入构件以共同速度旋转;
第一离合器,其可选择性地接合,以操作性地将发动机曲轴与输入构件连接;第二离合器,其可选择性地接合,以将输入构件接地于静止构件;
电动机/发电机,具有转子,该转子固定到第二构件,以与第二构件以共同速度旋转;
输出构件;
一组互相啮合的齿轮,其被构造为使从第三构件到输出构件的扭矩倍增;
第一齿轮对,具有第一齿轮和第二齿轮,该第一齿轮被连接用于与输入构件一起旋转,该第二齿轮与第一齿轮啮合和能绕输出构件旋转;其中第一齿轮对构造为减少从输入构件到输出构件的扭矩;
第二齿轮对,具有第三齿轮和第四齿轮,该第三齿轮被连接用于与输入构件一起旋转,该第四齿轮与第三齿轮啮合且能绕输出构件旋转;其中第二齿轮对构造为减少从输入构件到输出构件的扭矩;
第一同步器,其可选择性地接合以连接第二齿轮用于与输出构件共同旋转;
第二同步器,其可选择性地接合以连接第四齿轮用于与输出构件共同旋转;
其中,第一离合器接合,第二离合器不接合,电动机不被供电,且同步器交替接合,以在输入构件和输出构件之间提供两种不同固定速度比;
其中,当第一离合器被接合、发动机运转且电动机/发电机将扭矩提供给第二构件时,变速器能运行在电可变操作模式中;
其中,建立电可变操作模式,以使得为输出构件提供的速度比在变速器启动过程中的输出构件速度大且比两种不同固定速度比过程中的输出构件速度小;和
电动机/发电机运转为电动机以将扭矩提供给第二构件,第二离合器被接合,且第一离合器和同步器不接合,以起动变速器。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,当第二离合器被接合且电动机/发电机运转作为电动机以将扭矩提供给输出构件时,变速器能运行在仅电操作模式中。
3.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,当第一离合器被接合、发动机运转、电动机/发电机停止运转且第一同步器接合时,变速器能以两种不同固定速度比中的第一个运转,且当第一离合器被接合、发动机运转、电动机/发电机停止运转且第二同步器接合时,该变速器能以两种不同固定速度比中的第二个运转。
4.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,第一构件是太阳齿轮构件、第二构件是环齿轮构件,和第三构件是承载构件。
5.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,在再生制动模式中,电动机/发电机运转为发电机,以从第二构件接收扭矩和由此使输出构件减速。
6.如权利要求1所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,发动机在曲轴处提供预定量的扭矩,且电动机/发电机被控制以在电可变操作模式中提供变化量的扭矩,从而满足输出构件处的变化的输出扭矩需求。
7.一种动力传动系,包括:
发动机,具有发动机曲轴;
其特征在于,该动力传动器还包括
变速器,具有:
行星齿轮组,具有太阳齿轮构件、承载构件和环齿轮构件;
输入轴;其中太阳齿轮构件固定到输入轴,以与输入轴以共同速度旋转;
第一离合器,可选择性地接合以使输入轴与发动机曲轴操作性地连接;
电动机/发电机,具有转子,该转子固定到环齿轮构件,以与环齿轮构件以共同速度旋转;
输出轴,与输入轴大体平行;
一组互相啮合的齿轮,其被构造为使从承载构件到输出轴的扭矩倍增;
第一齿轮对,具有第一齿轮和第二齿轮,该第一齿轮被连接用于与输入轴一起旋转,该第二齿轮与第一齿轮啮合且能绕输出轴旋转;其中第一齿轮对构造为减少从输入轴到输出轴的扭矩;
第二齿轮对,具有第三齿轮和第四齿轮,该第三齿轮被连接用于与输入轴旋转,该第四齿轮与第三齿轮啮合且能绕输出轴旋转;其中第二齿轮对构造为减少从输入轴到输出轴的扭矩;
第一同步器,可选择地接合,以连接第二齿轮用于与输出轴共同旋转;
第二同步器,可选择地接合,以连接第四齿轮用于与输出轴共同旋转;其中,第一同步器和第二同步器设置为彼此靠近并整合为双同步器;和
其中发动机、电动机/发电机、离合器和同步器可操作为提供仅使用电动机/发电机提供的扭矩的起动模式、使用发动机和电动机/发电机二者提供的扭矩的电可变模式、和仅使用发动机提供的扭矩的固定比例模式;
其中电可变模式为输出构件提供的速度小于在固定比例模式中为输出构件提供的速度。
8.一种动力传动系,包括:
发动机;
副轴变速器,具有输入轴和输出轴;
电动机/发电机;
其特征在于,该动力传动器还包括
传递齿轮组,具有第一传递齿轮和第二传递齿轮,该第二传递齿轮与第一传递齿轮啮合并被安装用于与输出轴一起旋转;其中传递齿轮组构造为使得第二传递齿轮比第一传递齿轮旋转得慢;
行星齿轮组,具有固定到输入轴以与输入轴以共同速度旋转的第一构件、固定到电动机/发电机以与电动机/发电机以共同速度旋转的第二构件,和固定到第一传递齿轮以与第一传递齿轮以共同速度旋转的第三构件;
第一离合器,可选择性地接合以连接发动机用于与输入轴一起旋转;
第二离合器,可选择性地接合以将输入轴接地到静止构件;
第一和第二齿轮对,每一对能操作为,当第一离合器被接合、发动机运转和电动机/发电机未被供应动力时,用于通过可选择性地接合的同步器将扭矩从输入轴以相应固定速度比传递到输出轴;其中第一和第二齿轮对每一对构造为使得输出轴的速度相对于输入轴的速度倍增;和
所述动力传动系,能在电可变操作模式中运转,其中,在第一离合器被接合和发动机以预定速度运转时电动机被控制为通过行星齿轮组将扭矩添加到输出轴,在发动机运行在预定速度下时电可变运行模式提供的输出轴速度小于在固定速度比下输出轴的速度。
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