CN103847497A - 用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系统 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103847497A
CN103847497A CN201310651456.XA CN201310651456A CN103847497A CN 103847497 A CN103847497 A CN 103847497A CN 201310651456 A CN201310651456 A CN 201310651456A CN 103847497 A CN103847497 A CN 103847497A
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countershaft
miniature gears
power
efferent
wheel
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CN201310651456.XA
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CN103847497B (zh
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沙雷斯·S·柯扎雷卡尔
爱德华·W·哈兰
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种车辆的动力传动系统，包括：行星齿轮变速器，其包括输出部、连接至第一动力源的第一部件和连接至第二动力源的第二部件；制动器，其用于交替性地释放输出部以及保持输出部以阻止旋转；电动机，其包括可驱动地连接至车轮的第二输出部；以及离合器，其用于打开和关闭输出部与车轮之间的驱动连接。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种用于混合动力车辆、尤其是插电式电动车辆的动力传动系统。
背景技术
在装配有功率分流式变速器的混合动力车辆中，牵引电动机和电动发电机都被可驱动地连接至从动车轮。因此，牵引电动机的速度总是与车轮速度成正比，并且电动发电机速度与车轮速度以及发动机速度成正比。对于给定的车辆速度，发动机关闭时，发电机的速度是最高的。
同样地，行星小齿轮的速度也与车辆速度和发动机速度成正比，并且对于给定的车辆速度，当发动机关闭时，行星小齿轮的速度是最高的。
因此，最大可容许的行星小齿轮速度和发电机速度决定了最大可容许的电动车辆行驶速度。
当插电式混合动力车辆在电量消耗模式下运行时，能量由蓄电电池通过牵引电动机流动到车轮。因此，发电机自由旋转。然而，启动发动机并由发动机提供动力的能力需要被保持。因此，由于上述状况，存在对电动车辆峰值行驶速度的限制。当速度高于电动车辆峰值行驶速度时，发动机必须在它并不被需要时启动并运行。
当车辆在电动车辆（EV）模式下被驱动时，所有元件——例如发电机和行星齿轮组——都会旋转并导致附加损耗。
发明内容
车辆动力传动系统包括：行星齿轮变速器，其包括输出部、与第一动力源相连接的第一部件和与第二动力源相连接的第二部件；用于交替地释放输出部以及保持输出部以阻止旋转的制动器；电动机，该电动机包括可驱动地连接至车轮的第二输出部；以及用于打开和关闭输出部和车轮之间的传动连接的离合器。
用于操作动力传动系统的方法，其包括将电动机可驱动地连接到车轮，将变速器的太阳齿轮连接到启动发电机，将与太阳齿轮和齿圈啮合的行星小齿轮支承在连接至发动机的行星齿轮托架上，以及接合制动器并使用启动发电机来曲柄转动并启动发动机。
该动力传动系统包括功率分流式变速器，其特别地适合插电式混合动力车辆（PHEV）的应用。当在电动车辆模式下运行时，该动力传动系统最小化损耗并消除了对车辆速度的限制。
根据以下详细说明、权利要求以及附图，优选实施例的适用范围将会变得显而易见。应当理解，尽管说明和具体示例指出了本发明的优选实施例，但其仅以举例的方式给出。对所描述的实施例和示例的各种变化和修改对本领域的技术人员来说将变得显而易见。
附图说明
通过参考附图以及以下说明，本发明将更容易理解，其中：
图1为用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系统的原理图。
具体实施方式
该图所示为用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系统10，该车辆的车轮被可驱动地连接至差动机构16的轴12、14。如内燃机这样的发动机18通过扭力消震器20和轴22被连接至行星齿轮变速器24。轴22、小齿轮26和齿轮28传送动力至油泵30。
电动启动发电机34的转子32通过轴36连接至变速器24的太阳齿轮38。电动启动发电机34的定子40被电力连接至发电机逆变器42，该发电机逆变器42通过DC/DC（直流/直流）转换器44被电力连接至蓄电电池。
同样地，通过轴50将电动牵引电动机48的转子46连接至小齿轮52，该小齿轮52与齿轮58啮合。电动机48的定子60被电力连接至电动机逆变器62，该电动机逆变器62通过DC/DC转换器44被电力连接至蓄电电池。
变速器24包括齿圈64，该齿圈64通过套轴66被连接至小齿轮68、与轴22相连接的托架70、以及一组行星小齿轮72，该组行星小齿轮72被旋转支承于托架上并与齿圈64和太阳齿轮38啮合。小齿轮68与传动齿轮（transfer gear）74啮合。
齿轮58和末端传动小齿轮76支承于副轴（countershaft）78。与小齿轮76啮合的末端传动齿轮80被连接至差速器16的输入部。
离合器82将传动齿轮74可释放地连接至副轴78。当离合器82被解离时，齿圈64和传动齿轮74均从副轴78脱离，从而使发动机18和发电机34的轴线从电动机48的轴线分离并消除旋转损耗和阻力。
通过选择性地将小齿轮68和齿圈64连接至外壳或其他的固定组件，制动器84可释放地保持小齿轮68和齿圈64以对抗旋转。当制动器84被应用，由启动发电机34产生的旋转动力以降低的速度通过变速器24经由轴22传输至曲柄发动机18。用这种方式，发动机18可以在任何时间独立于电动机48的速度地被启动并运行。
离合器82和制动器84可以为液压驱动摩擦装置或机械/液压驱动同步装置。
依照专利法的规定，已经对优选实施例进行了说明。但是应当指出的是，除了具体示出和描述的以外，还可以用替代实施例进行实施。

Claims (8)

1.一种车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，包括：行星齿轮变速器，其包括输出部、连接至第一动力源的第一部件和连接至第二动力源的第二部件；制动器，其用于交替地释放输出部以及保持输出部以阻止旋转；电动机，其包括可驱动地连接至车轮的第二输出部；离合器，其用于打开以及关闭输出部与车轮之间的驱动连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，进一步包括：副轴；连接至输出部的小齿轮；传动齿轮，其支承于副轴并与小齿轮啮合；差速器，其产生副轴与车轮之间的可驱动的连接；其中，离合器打开和关闭传动齿轮与差速器之间的驱动连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，进一步包括：副轴；连接至第二输出部的第二小齿轮；固接在副轴上并与第二小齿轮啮合的齿轮；差速器，其产生副轴与车轮之间的可驱动的连接；其中，离合器打开和关闭传动齿轮与差速器之间的驱动连接。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，进一步包括：副轴；连接至输出部的小齿轮；支承于副轴并与小齿轮啮合的传动齿轮；连接至第二输出部的第二小齿轮；固接于副轴上并与第二小齿轮啮合的齿轮；差速器，其产生副轴与车轮之间的可驱动的连接；其中，离合器打开和关闭传动齿轮和差速器之间的驱动连接。
5.一种车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，包括：变速器，其包括齿圈、连接至启动发电机的太阳齿轮、行星齿轮托架，该行星齿轮托架连接至发动机并支承与太阳齿轮和齿圈啮合的小齿轮：制动器，其用于释放齿圈和保持齿圈以阻止旋转；
电动机，其包括可驱动地连接至车轮的输出部；离合器，其用于打开和关闭齿圈和车轮之间的连接。
6.如权利要求5所述的车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，进一步包括：副轴；连接至齿圈的小齿轮；传动齿轮，其支承于副轴并与小齿轮啮合；差速器，其产生副轴与车轮之间的可驱动的连接；以及其中，离合器打开和关闭传动齿轮和副轴之间的驱动连接。
7.如权利要求5所述的车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，进一步包括：副轴；连接至第二输出部的第二小齿轮；固接于副轴并与第二小齿轮啮合的齿轮；差速器，其产生副轴与车轮之间的可驱动的连接；以及其中，离合器打开和关闭传动齿轮和副轴之间的驱动连接。
8.如权利要求5所述的车辆的动力传动系统，其特征在于，进一步包括：副轴；连接至齿圈的小齿轮；支承于副轴并与小齿轮啮合的传动齿轮；连接至第二输出部的第二小齿轮；固接至副轴并与第二小齿轮啮合的齿轮；差速器，其产生副轴与车轮之间的可驱动的连接；以及其中，离合器打开和关闭传动齿轮和副轴之间的驱动连接。
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