CN104540699A - 用于机动车的混合驱动系统、混合式车辆及其用途 - Google Patents

用于机动车的混合驱动系统、混合式车辆及其用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104540699A
CN104540699A CN201380044406.3A CN201380044406A CN104540699A CN 104540699 A CN104540699 A CN 104540699A CN 201380044406 A CN201380044406 A CN 201380044406A CN 104540699 A CN104540699 A CN 104540699A
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China
Prior art keywords
axle
motor
shaft
miniature gears
combustion engine
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Granted
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CN201380044406.3A
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English (en)
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CN104540699B (zh
Inventor
G-F.吕尔斯
D.蔡泽
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1886—Controlling power supply to auxiliary devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/065—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0931—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts each countershaft having an output gear meshing with a single common gear on the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0933—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with coaxial countershafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0043—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising four forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合驱动系统，带有内燃发动机(12;12')和与功率电子设备(60)以及电的蓄能器(62)连接的、具有定子(142)和转子(141)的电机(14)，该内燃发动机和该电机可传输转矩地与输出轴(26)连接，其中内燃发动机(12,12')与载有一个或多个驱动轴小齿轮(201,202)的内燃机-驱动轴(20;20')联结，电机(14)的转子(141)通过行星齿轮组(38)与载有一个或多个驱动轴小齿轮(401)的电机驱动轴(40)联结，该行星齿轮组包括中心轮(381)、桥接件(382)以及内齿轮(383)，其中一个元件作为行星齿轮组的输入元件(381)起作用并且另一元件作为行星齿轮组的输出元件(382)起作用，内燃机驱动轴(20;20')的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮(201,202)与传输转矩地与输出轴(26)联结的第一汇总轴(22)的对应的汇总轴小齿轮(221,222)形成可切换地传输转矩的小齿轮对，并且电机驱动轴(40)的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮(401)与传输转矩地与输出轴(26)联结的汇总轴(32;42)的对应的汇总轴小齿轮形成传输转矩的小齿轮对。本发明通过以下方式而出众，即电机(14)的转子(141)借助于可切换的联结器(44)可选地可与行星齿轮组(38)的输入元件(381)或与行星齿轮组(38)的输出元件(382)连接。

Description

用于机动车的混合驱动系统、混合式车辆及其用途
技术领域
一种用于机动车的混合驱动系统(Hybridantriebsstrang)，其带有内燃发动机和与功率电子设备(Leistungselektronik)和电的蓄能器连接的、具有定子和转子的电机，内燃发动机和电机可以传输转矩的方式与输出轴(Abtriebswelle，有时称为从动轴)连接，其中
- 内燃发动机与载有一个或多个驱动轴小齿轮的内燃机驱动轴联结，
- 电机的转子通过行星齿轮组与载有一个或多个驱动轴小齿轮的电机驱动轴联结，行星齿轮组包括中心轮(Sonnenrad，有时称为太阳轮)、桥接件(Steg，有时称为行星架)和内齿轮(Hohlrad)，其中一个元件作为行星齿轮组的输入元件起作用并且另一元件作为行星齿轮组的输出元件起作用，
- 内燃机驱动轴的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮与传输转矩地与输出轴联结的第一汇总轴(Sammelwelle)的对应的汇总轴小齿轮形成可切换地传输转矩的小齿轮对，以及
- 电机驱动轴的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮与传输转矩地与输出轴联结的汇总轴的对应的汇总轴小齿轮形成传输转矩的小齿轮对。
本发明此外涉及一种带有这样的混合驱动系统的机动车并且涉及一种这样的机动车的新型的用途。
背景技术
这种类型的驱动系统由文件DE 10 2010046 766 A1中已知。
自长时间以来已知带有两个驱动机组(Antriebsaggregat)的混合式车辆，该两个驱动机组即为内燃发动机和电机，该电机可不仅在电动机驱动的运行中而且在发电的运行中运行。尤其地已知并联混合的原理，在其中不仅内燃发动机而且电机可以传输转矩的方式与输出轴连接。在此可选择性地进行连接，这导致纯粹地电的或纯粹地内燃机的行驶运行，或组合地进行，其中不仅电机而且内燃发动机同时与输出轴连接。在组合的运行内已知助推运行(Boostbetrieb)和回收运行。在助推运行中两个驱动机组供应正的转矩到输出轴处；在回收运行中电机在发电的运行中工作并且从输出轴取走动能，以为了将动能转换为电能。这可例如在制动机动车的情况中实现。备选地也可以这种方式回收由内燃发动机在其运行时在最佳的运行点中提供的、然而在当前的行驶状态中在驱动轮处未要求的剩余功率。
在并联混合的大多数已知的设计中，通过或多或少复杂的功率分支的传动机构组件实现联结两个驱动机组。示例性地在此可提及文件DE 100 21 025 A1及文件WO 2008/046185 A1。功率分支的传动机构始终包括至少两个电机和多个行星齿轮组，其单个的元件可通过可切换的联结器互相连接或可通过制动器与传动机构壳体连接。以这种方式可实现上文概述的运行模式并且以如有可能不同的行驶速度级(Fahrstufe，有时称为档位)，其中适当的传动比的调整可在后置的换档传动机构中或通过功率分支的传动机构的相应复杂的结构无级地在其中实现。在后置的换挡传动机构的情况中，经常使用纯粹地内燃机的驱动系统的设计，如尤其地使用双离合变速器，其可实现无牵引力力中断的换挡。在上述的文件DE 100 21 025 A1中应用第二电机代替用于确保无牵引力中断的双离合器变速器。
上面提到的、这种类型的文件DE 10 2010 046 766 A1公开了一种带有内燃发动机和电机的混合驱动系统，内燃发动机和电机互相同轴地并且互相轴向邻近地布置。该驱动机组的每个间接地和与其关联的驱动轴联结，其中内燃发动机的驱动轴同轴地穿过电机的驱动轴。每个驱动轴具有多个驱动轴小齿轮，其与布置为并联的副轴(Vorgelegewelle)的汇总轴的相应关联的汇总轴小齿轮啮合。通过以下方式分别可切换地设计这样形成的小齿轮对，即每个小齿轮对的相应一个小齿轮作为固定轮并且每个小齿轮对的另一小齿轮作为惰轮(Losrad，有时称为空转轮)布置在关联的轴上，其中相应的惰轮借助于可切换的联结器可抗扭地与其关联的轴连接。通过合适地操纵联结器和驱动机组可将其力矩以不同的传动比例(其相应通过选定的小齿轮对预设)传输到汇总轴上。汇总轴的输出小齿轮与输出轴的输入小齿轮啮合，其驱动随后的输出系统并且例如可与布置在后面的差速器连接。在内燃发动机和其关联的驱动轴之间的联结除了可切换的联结器之外是尽可能直接的，而电机的驱动轴间接地通过行星齿轮组与电机联结。尤其地电机的转子抗扭地与行星齿轮组的中心轮连接，而行星齿轮组的桥接件抗扭地与电机驱动轴连接。此外行星齿轮组的内齿轮与内燃机驱动轴连接，从而两个驱动路径不是互相独立的。除了缺少独立性，已知的设备的巨大的轴向的结构空间也是不利的；该结构空间基本上起因于许多的、轴向并排布置的驱动轴小齿轮的轴向的空间需求。驱动轴小齿轮的数量通过已知的驱动系统的可切换的档位的期望的数量预设。
发明内容
本发明的目的是这样改进这种类型的驱动系统，即在没有损失可切换的档位情况下减少轴向的结构空间。
该目的结合权利要求1的前述部分的特征通过以下方式解决，即电机的转子借助于可切换的联结器可选地可与行星齿轮组的输入元件或输出元件连接。该可切换的联结器应该在下文中称为行星齿轮组联结器。
本发明的优选的实施方式是从属权利要求的对象。
本发明的重要的特征是在电机和与电机关联的驱动轴之间通过行星齿轮组引起的间接的联结的可切换性。在这样的情况中(即电机借助于行星齿轮组联结器同样与行星齿轮组的输出元件连接)，实现在电机和其驱动轴之间的基本上直接的连接。在行星齿轮组联结器的另外的状态中(在其中电机与行星齿轮组的输入元件连接)间接地实现该连接，也就是说通过行星齿轮组的传动比机械装置，在其中力矩流从输入元件行进到与电机驱动轴连接的输出元件。相应地在此实现特定传动比。因此电机驱动轴的每个驱动轴小齿轮可实现两个不同的档位，这相对已知的设备(其设置每个驱动轴小齿轮仅仅一个档位)使轴向的结构空间基本上减小一半。
本发明可在两个基本的变型方案中实现，这两个方案通过从电机驱动轴到输出轴的传递力矩的路径而区分。这在第一发明变型方案中以及在这种类型的现有技术中通过相同的汇总轴(通过该汇总轴也可将内燃发动机的力矩引导到输出轴并且该汇总轴在此称为第一汇总轴时)实现，而在第二变型方案中通过专用的汇总轴实现电机力矩的流动，该汇总轴在此称为第二汇总轴并且该汇总轴在此在严格的意义中没有“收集”不同的机组的力矩，而是作为纯粹的中间轴起作用。
因此可这样定义在权利要求2中说明的第一发明变型方案，即这样的汇总轴为第一汇总轴，即电机驱动轴的驱动轴小齿轮与该汇总轴的汇总轴小齿轮形成传输转矩的小齿轮对。与之相反可这样定义在权利要求3中说明的第二发明变型方案，即这样的汇总轴为第二汇总轴，即电机驱动轴的驱动轴小齿轮与该汇总轴的汇总轴小齿轮形成传输转矩的小齿轮对，该第二汇总轴的汇总轴小齿轮没有与内燃机驱动轴的驱动轴小齿轮形成小齿轮对。
在本发明的改进方案中设置成，内燃机驱动轴的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮与传输转矩地与输出轴联结的第三汇总轴的对应的汇总轴小齿轮形成可切换地传输转矩的小齿轮对。在内燃机驱动轴方面优选地相同的小齿轮涉及该小齿轮对，该小齿轮也涉及利用第一汇总轴的小齿轮对。这意味着，至少对于内燃发动机另一次实现汇总轴的设计。据此节省另外的轴向的结构空间，因为内燃机驱动轴的每个驱动轴小齿轮不仅与第一汇总轴的汇总轴小齿轮而且与第三汇总轴的汇总轴小齿轮分别形成带有唯一的传动比的传输转矩的小齿轮对。这样内燃机驱动轴的每个驱动轴小齿轮可实现两个档位，这再次意味着巨大的轴向的结构空间节省。同样在此这不必涉及在严格的词义中“汇总”多个机组的力矩的轴。仅仅与一个机组相互作用的中间轴足够。
当(如优选地所设置的那样)输出轴布置成不仅与内燃发动机和电机的驱动轴而且与每个汇总轴平行且径向上有间距时，则可尤其地实现导致也径向上极其紧凑的结构方式的设计方案。仅仅电机驱动轴和内燃机驱动轴优选地布置成互相同轴，其中电机驱动轴和内燃机驱动轴尤其优选地布置成一个穿过另一个。
有利地行星齿轮组的中心轮作为行星齿轮组的输入元件起作用并且行星齿轮组的桥接件作为与电机驱动轴连接的输出元件起作用，其中有利地行星齿轮组的内齿轮布置成固定在壳体处。优选地行星齿轮组联结器设定成，将电机的转子可选地与中心轮或与桥接件连接。因为桥接件如上文所阐明的那样作为行星齿轮组的输出元件与电机驱动轴连接，因此最先提到的切换状态意味着行星齿轮组作为简单的传动比级起作用，而在最后提到的切换状态中实现在转子和电机驱动轴之间的直接的力矩流。
有利地，可切换的小齿轮对分别通过两个互相啮合的小齿轮形成，其中至少一个借助于可切换的形状配合联结器与其关联的轴联结。可切换的形状配合联结器在此优选地构造为同步机构或为爪式联结器。带有纯粹的爪式联结器的变型方案产生较好的效率，但是鉴于所涉及的轴的转速的同步需要较复杂的控制，而在控制技术方面较容易地实现带有同步机构的变型方案，然而这由于同步机构的同步环的摩擦损失关联小的效率损失。
在本发明的改进方案中设置成，电机的转子和内燃机驱动轴可借助于可切换的主轴联结器互相连接。本领域技术人员将看出，两个驱动机组可在上文阐明的设计方案的框架中完全互相独立地工作。通过最后提到的本发明的改进方案，附加地可实现在两个机组之间的直接的相互作用，从而原始设置成用于与一个机组应用的档位(也就是说传动比)备选地也可通过另外的机组驱动。此外可以该方式实现组合的运行模式，从而可描述全部的已知的混合运行模式。这涉及例如助推，也涉及回收。
带有根据本发明的驱动系统的混合式车辆的作为站立式发电机(Standgenerator)的用途是回收的特别的情况。常常期望可移动的电的仪器在离开电网的地方运行。作为示例可提及林业经济的仪器(如在林区中电的链锯或类似者)。如果根据本发明的混合式车辆具有与功率电子设备及电的蓄能器连接的电的联接接口(例如插座)，则机动车本身可应用为电的站立式发电机，其中电机的转子和内燃机驱动轴借助于主轴联结器抗扭地互相连接，电的消耗器联接到联接接口处并且电机在发电机运行中运行，而内燃发动机通过功率电子设备操控到在根据电的消耗器的当前的功率消耗的转速中的运行。
附图说明
从下文的特别的说明和图纸中得到本发明的另外的特征和优点。其中：
图1显示了第一发明变型方案的实施方式的轴组件的示意性的横截面图，
图2显示了第二发明变型方案的实施方式的轴组件的示意性的横截面图，
图3显示了第一发明变型方案的实施方式的示意性的总布置图(Übersichtsskizze)，
图4显示了带有画入的第一切换状态的力矩路径的图3的示图，
图5显示了带有画入的第二切换状态的力矩路径的图3的示图，
图6显示了带有画入的第三切换状态的力矩路径的图3的示图，
图7显示了带有画入的第四切换状态的力矩路径的图3的示图，
图8显示了带有画入的第五切换状态的力矩路径的图3的示图，
图9显示了第二发明变型方案的实施方式的示意性的总布置图。
具体实施方式
在附图中相同的参考标号指示相同的或相似的元件。
图1示出了第一发明变型方案的实施方式的示意性的横截面图，其布局在图3的总布置图中阐明。这两个附图应该随后共同讨论。示出的组件应该在下文中简明地称为3轴组件。驱动系统10具有两个驱动机组，即内燃发动机12和电机14，电机包括位于内部的转子141和位于外部的定子142。在示出的实施方式中内燃发动机12与启动/停止单元16连接，然而该启动/停止单元对于本发明没有重要的意义。内燃发动机12的曲轴121通过双配重飞轮18与在示出的实施方式中构造为空心轴的内燃机驱动轴20联结。内燃机驱动轴载有两个驱动轴小齿轮201,202，其在示出的实施方式中作为固定轮轴向固定地且抗扭地布置在内燃机驱动轴20上。驱动轴小齿轮201,202的每个分别与对应的汇总轴小齿轮221,222(其作为惰轮布置在第一汇总轴22上)形成可切换的小齿轮对。为此第一汇总轴22设有第一汇总轴联结器24，其根据切换状态将惰轮221、惰轮222或不将两个惰轮221,222的任何一个抗扭地与第一汇总轴22联结。本领域技术人员将看出，根据第一汇总轴联结器24的切换状态，内燃发动机12的力矩可利用通过具体的小齿轮对预设的传动比传输到汇总轴22上。第一汇总轴22的输出小齿轮223与输出轴26的输入小齿轮啮合，该输出轴26在示出的实施方式中与横向差速器(Querdifferential)28的差速器壳连接。通过横向差速器的法兰车轴(Achsflanschwellen，有时称为法兰半轴)30a,30b传输力矩到机动车的未示出的驱动轮上。
此外内燃机驱动轴20的每个驱动轴小齿轮201,202分别与另一汇总轴(其在此称为第三汇总轴32)的对应的汇总轴小齿轮321,322形成可切换的小齿轮对。汇总轴小齿轮321,322在示出的实施方式中构造为惰轮。第三汇总轴32具有第三汇总轴联结器34，其根据切换状态将一个惰轮321、另一惰轮322或者不将两个惰轮中的任何一个抗扭地与第三汇总轴32联结。此外第三汇总轴32具有输出小齿轮323，其也如第二汇总轴22的输出小齿轮223那样与输出轴26的输入小齿轮啮合。该连接在图3的示图中示出为画成虚线的箭头线。本领域技术人员将看出，根据第三汇总轴联结器32的切换状态，内燃发动机12的力矩可利用通过相应切换的小齿轮对预设的传动比通过第三汇总轴32传输到输出轴26上。当然两个汇总轴联结器24和34的切换在此应这样互相协调，即力矩流相应仅仅通过两个汇总轴22或32的一个行进。
在图1中可较好地看出轴的空间布置。在该处可能的力矩传输点示出为黑色的正方形，尽管如此仅仅轴本身设有参考标号并且专门的小齿轮没有设有参考标号。然而本领域技术人员将可通过共同观察附图1和3而清楚地想象根据本发明的驱动系统的空间的结构。
电机14的力矩首先从其转子141传送到转子轴36处。该转子轴36与内燃机驱动轴20同轴地伸延。然而转子轴36不是例如为对于内燃机驱动轴20的对应物(Pendant)。为此设置电机驱动轴40，其作为空心轴布置成与转子轴36同轴并且由该转子轴36穿过。电机驱动轴40载有驱动小齿轮401，其与第一汇总轴22的另一汇总轴小齿轮224啮合。根据在总的说明书部分及在权利要求中选择的专业术语必须在该处称为“第二”汇总轴，然而其在图3中示出的实施方式与第一汇总轴是相同的。由此该汇总轴同时执行将内燃发动机力矩(第一汇总轴)和电机力矩(第二汇总轴)中转到驱动轴26处的功能并且由此作为“真正的”汇总轴起作用。
为了将电机14的力矩从其转子轴36传输到电机驱动轴40处，设置有行星齿轮组38，其包括中心轮381、桥接件382及固定于壳体处的内齿轮383。电机驱动轴40抗扭地与桥接件382连接，该桥接件因此作为行星齿轮组38的输出元件起作用。转子轴36与行星齿轮组38的连接通过行星齿轮组联结器44中转，该行星齿轮组联结器44根据切换状态将转子轴36与用作为行星齿轮组38的输入元件的中心轮381、与桥接件382或不与这些元件的任何一个传输力矩地连接。因此根据行星齿轮组联结器44的切换状态，电机的力矩利用其它的传动比引导到驱动轴小齿轮401处并且通过驱动轴小齿轮引导到第一汇总轴22和输出轴26处。用作于操纵行星齿轮组联结器44的操纵组装件在图3中利用参考标号441表明。
此外在图3中还可看出主轴联结器50，其根据切换状态将转子轴36和内燃机驱动轴20(其同轴地并且以局部地一个穿过另一个的方式布置)可切换地互相联结。在此在连接的状态中例如电机的力矩为了起动的目的可直接地被引导到内燃发动机12处。反之为了电机14的发电的运行可引导内燃发动机12的力矩到电机14处。也可以这种方式实现典型的混合运行模式(如助推或回收)。
最后在图3中还绘出了功率电子设备60和作为电的蓄能器的电池62。其与电的接口64连接，外部的电的仪器可联接到该电的接口64处。
附图4到8示出了在上文阐明的可切换的元件的选取的切换状态中在根据图3的驱动系统中的力矩流。在图4中实现小的电的档位。为此这样切换行星齿轮组联结器，即使得转子轴36与行星齿轮组38的中心轮381连接。然后行星齿轮组38作为传动比级起作用，从而力矩通过行星齿轮组的桥接件382引导到电机驱动轴40处。通过电机驱动轴的驱动轴小齿轮401力矩流动到第一汇总轴22上并且由该第一汇总轴流到输出部26。其余的联结器24、34和50在此位于未传输力矩的切换状态中。
图5示出了实现较大的电的档位。不同于图4的切换状态，行星齿轮组联结器44在此将转子轴36直接地与行星齿轮组38的桥接件382连接。电机力矩因此在没有另外的传动比情况下引导到电机驱动轴40处。其余地可参考上文针对图4所说的。
图6示出了实现小的内燃机的档位。内燃发动机12的力矩(其直接地推动内燃机驱动轴20)通过小齿轮对201/221行进到第三汇总轴32上。为此这样切换第三汇总轴联结器34，即使得汇总轴小齿轮321抗扭地与第三汇总轴32连接。通过第三汇总轴32的输出小齿轮323，力矩(沿着画成虚线示出的连接)行进到输出轴26。
除了第三汇总轴联结器34，全部的另外的联结器处于未传输力矩的切换状态中。
图7示出了实现较大的内燃机的档位。在此内燃发动机12的力矩直接地流动到内燃机驱动轴20并且通过小齿轮连接201/221流动到第一汇总轴22。为此这样切换第一汇总轴联结器24，即使得汇总轴小齿轮221抗扭地与第一汇总轴22连接。通过第二汇总轴22的输出轮223力矩流动到输出部26。在此所有的其余的联结器处于未传输力矩的切换状态中。
本领域技术人员将看出，以相似的方式可通过小齿轮对202/222和202/322实现另外两个档位。
图8示出了实现与在图5中相同的档位，其中然而最初的力矩不是源于电机14而是源于内燃发动机12。为此关于结合图5说明的行星齿轮组联结器44的切换状态附加地提供有主轴联结器50，从而内燃发动机12的力矩从内燃机驱动轴20通过主轴联结器50流动到转子轴36并且从该处以结合图5说明的方式流动到输出部26。电机14的转子141在此可空载地同时运转或以同步的方式电地驱动，以为了实现例如极端力矩强烈的档位，例如用于在带有挂车的情况下上坡。
图9(其可结合图2浏览)示出了本发明的第二变型方案的布局，其在此应该称为4轴组件。在图9的改型的驱动系统10'中基本上与根据图3的构件相同的构件设有与在图3中相同的参考标号。改型的元件依据图3的相似的元件分别具有带有“'”的相同的参考标号。驱动系统10'相比于图3的驱动系统10的主要的区别是第二汇总轴42，其作为中间轴在电机驱动轴40的驱动轴小齿轮401和输出部的输入小齿轮26之间中转。在第二汇总轴42和输出部26之间的连接在图9中标记为点画线的箭头线。轴的空间的位置可从图2中较好地看清。
另一改型可在主轴联结器50'的“拉出”中看见。位于边缘的布置相比于在图3中的中央的布置具有较好的可接近性的优点。为此内燃机驱动轴20'不再构造为空心轴，而是构造为核心轴(Kernwelle)，其在驱动系统10'的全部长度上延伸并且尤其轴向地穿过电机驱动轴40。其余地直接地或者以相似的方式参考上文所说的。
当然在专门的说明中讨论的及在附图中示出的实施方式仅仅为本发明说明性的实施例。对于本领域技术人员根据此处公开的内容可得到针对变型可能性的广阔的多样性。尤其地在附图中示出的小齿轮和相应的行驶速度级(Fahrstufe)的数量不限制本发明。本发明也没有受限于在附图中示出的前方/横向布置。对于本领域技术人员可为容易的是，通过元件的合适的重组并且如有可能添加转向元件实现前方/横向布置或带有多个驱动的轴的组件(这尤其地通过应用中心差速器(Längsdifferential))。在单个组件内也可执行相对于彼此和相对于核心变速器(Kerngetriebe)重组元件例如驱动机组。
参考标号列表
10,10' 驱动系统
12 内燃发动机
121. 12的曲轴
14 电机
141 14的转子
142 14的定子
16 启动/停止单元
18 双配重飞轮
20,20' 内燃机驱动轴
201,202 20,20'的驱动轴小齿轮
22 第一汇总轴
221,222 22的汇总轴小齿轮
223 22的输出小齿轮
24 第一汇总轴联结器
26 输出轴
28 差速器
30a,b 驱动的轴颈(Achsschenkel)
32 第三汇总轴
321,322 32的汇总轴小齿轮
323 32的输出小齿轮
34 第三汇总轴联结器
36 转子轴
38 行星齿轮组
381 中心轮
382 桥接件
383 内齿轮
40 电机驱动轴
401 40的驱动轴小齿轮
42 第二汇总轴
44 行星齿轮组联结器
50,50' 主轴联结器
60 功率电子设备
62 电池
64 电的接口

Claims (12)

1.一种用于机动车的混合驱动系统，带有内燃发动机(12;12')和与功率电子设备(60)及电的蓄能器(62)连接的、具有定子(142)和转子(141)的电机(14)，该内燃发动机和该电机可传输转矩地与输出轴(26)连接，其中
- 所述内燃发动机(12,12')与载有一个或多个驱动轴小齿轮(201,202)的内燃机驱动轴(20;20')联结，
- 所述电机(14)的转子(141)通过行星齿轮组(38)与载有一个或多个驱动轴小齿轮(401)的电机驱动轴(40)联结，该行星齿轮组(38)包括中心轮(381)、桥接件(382)以及内齿轮(383)，其中一个元件作为所述行星齿轮组的输入元件(381)起作用并且另一元件作为所述行星齿轮组的输出元件(382)起作用，
- 所述内燃机驱动轴(20;20')的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮(201,202)与传输转矩地与所述输出轴(26)联结的第一汇总轴(22)的对应的汇总轴小齿轮(221,222)形成可切换地传输转矩的小齿轮对，并且
- 所述电机驱动轴(40)的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮(401)与传输转矩地与所述输出轴(26)联结的汇总轴(32;42)的对应的汇总轴小齿轮形成传输转矩的小齿轮对，
其特征在于，
所述电机(14)的转子(141)借助于可切换的联结器(44)可选地可与所述行星齿轮组(38)的所述输入元件(381)或与所述行星齿轮组(38)的所述输出元件(382)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
这样的汇总轴(22)为所述第一汇总轴(22)，即所述电机驱动轴(40)的所述驱动轴小齿轮与该汇总轴(22)的汇总轴小齿轮(221,222)形成传输转矩的小齿轮对。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
这样的汇总轴(42)为第二汇总轴(40)，即所述电机驱动轴(40)的所述驱动轴小齿轮与该汇总轴(42)的汇总轴小齿轮形成传输转矩的小齿轮对，该第二汇总轴(40)的汇总轴小齿轮没有与所述内燃机驱动轴(20')的所述驱动轴小齿轮(201,202)形成小齿轮对。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述内燃机驱动轴(20,20')的至少一个驱动轴小齿轮(201,202)与传输转矩地与所述输出轴(26)联结的第三汇总轴(32)的对应的汇总轴小齿轮形成可切换地传输转矩的小齿轮对。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述输出轴(26)布置成不仅与内燃发动机(12)和电机(14)的驱动轴(20;20',40)而且与每个汇总轴(22,32,42)平行并且径向上有间距。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述电机驱动轴(40)和所述内燃机驱动轴(20;20')布置成互相同轴。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述电机驱动轴(40)和所述内燃机驱动轴(20)布置成部分区段地一个穿过另一个。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述可切换的联结器(44)设立成，将所述电机(14)的转子(141)可选地与所述行星齿轮组(38)的作为输入元件起作用的中心轮(381)或与所述行星齿轮组(38)的作为输出元件起作用的桥接件(382)连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述行星齿轮组(38)的内齿轮(383)布置成固定在壳体处。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述电机(14)的转子(141)和所述内燃机驱动轴(20;20)可借助于可切换的主轴联结器(50;50')互相连接。
11.一种带有驱动系统的混合式车辆，其特征在于，
所述驱动系统(10,10')构造为根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动系统。
12.一种根据权利要求11所述的就回引权利要求10而言的混合式车辆的作为电的机组的用途，该混合式车辆具有与所述功率电子设备(60)和所述电的蓄能器(62)连接的电的联接接口(64)，其中所述电机(14)的转子(141)和所述内燃机驱动轴(20,20')借助于所述主轴联结器(50,50')抗扭地互相连接，电的消耗器联接到所述联接接口(64)处并且所述电机(14)在发电机运行中运行，而所述内燃发动机(22)通过所述功率电子设备(60)被操控到在根据所述电的消耗器的当前的功率消耗的转速中的运行。
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