CN103039249B - Cultivation method of seedlings of Corispermum patelliforme - Google Patents
Cultivation method of seedlings of Corispermum patelliforme Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation for wild forage plants, in particular to a cultivation method of seedlings of Corispermum patelliforme. The method includes breaking dormancy of seeds of Corispermum patelliforme, cultivating seedlings by bare seeds in sand, managing fields and harvesting. By the use of the method, the technical problem that seedling survival rate in seed harvesting time is lower than 10% is solved. The method allows for article cultivation of Corispermum patelliforme, maintains the seedling survival rate in the seed harvesting time to be 33-45%, and effectively protects wild sources of Corispermum patelliforme. Yield of fresh grass is 10500-15000kg/hm<2>, yield of dry grass is 3500-5000kg/hm<2>, and yield of seeds is 5200-6000kg/hm<2>. 0.5-0.8kg, per square meter, of dry seeds of Corispermum patelliforme can be obtained, and grass yield per square meter is 1.5-2kg.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to Wild Feeding Plants seed seedling-raising technical field, particularly the real seed seedling-raising cultivation method of Desert Regions therophytes dish fruitworm.
background technology
Minqin County of Gansu is one of China's sandstorm three large sources, and Desertification Degree of Land is very serious, and natural conditions are very severe; Premier Wen Jiabao is repeatedly written instructions " must not allow Minqin become second Lop Nur " once.In recent years, destruction due to Shiyang River Basin upstream self-restraint woods, the reasons such as irrational utilization of the increase of urban population and industrial expansion and water and soil resources, make Shiyanghe River downstream Minqin come the water yield to reduce year by year, to such an extent as to local peasant maintains the agricultural development of this area by exploiting groundwater without limit, result significantly declines groundwater of basin position, the aggravation of soil droughtization, the artificial sand-fixing vegetation of large area occurs that decline is even dead, add gnawing of animal, natural vegetation also starts to degenerate; So screening can utilize uncertain a small amount of precipitation in desert, strong stress resistance, animal is liked gnawing, and growth cycle is short, and the new material that biomass is large has become the target of the current plant new material screening in In Minqin Region.
Dish fruitworm reality (
corispermum.patelliformeiljin) be therophytes, be under the jurisdiction of Chenopodiaceae (
chenopodiaceace), worm is real belongs to (
corispermum); Plant height 10-50cm, stem is upright, cylindrical, multiple-limb, fruit subcircular, seed dish; Mainly be distributed in Ih Ju League and the Bayan nur in the Inner Mongol, the Lingwu in Ningxia and centre halfback, the Minqin of Hexi Corridor In Gansu, the Caidamu Basin in Qinghai, Mongolia also has.Due to long term growth lowland between active dune or dry mound, so, the feature of self aspect the adaptation of environment, formed: (1) strong stress resistance, the feature of comprise high temperature resistant, resistance to high light, drought-resistant, salt tolerant divides, barren-resistant and resistance to sand buries.(2) history of life of short duration, fast growth, has very high availability to uncertain precipitation in desert.(3) feed of high-quality, seed can be used as concentrated feed, and seed collecting amount is large, and it is larger that the raw plant of same year is compared thousand kernel weight; Blue or green when fresh can for camel and sheep edible, good palatability.(4) highly predictable phenology feature can be observed all phenological phenomenons of plant within life cycle.(5) ecological functions of wind prevention and sand resistance.As can be seen here: the real current plant new material in In Minqin Region that meets of dish fruitworm screens requirement.Dish fruitworm is real mainly carries out individual reproduction in the mode of seminal propagation.
The real plant belonging to of worm is mostly summer rainfall pattern annual herb plant, in Desert Regions, summer, local farmers was regarded Wild Grass nursing sheep and camel, especially in autumn and winter season, the real seed maturity of dish fruitworm, plant becomes redness, progressively withered, roll everywhere with the wind, local farmers gathers its seed and as the livestock that survives the winter, chases after the concentrated feed of fat.
Therefore, the artificial cultivation of dish fruitworm reality just seems very useful, yet seed germination is two important links in Desert Regions wild plant cultivation process with coming up.Conventionally, in the wild plant artificial cultivation process of Desert Regions, often there will be seed dormancy, seedling is difficult to survival, no exception for dish fruitworm is real.There is dormancy in the real seed of the new dish fruitworm gathering, dormancy rate reaches 72%.
Acta Ecologica Sinica [J] 24 phases in 2010, deliver the real seed germination countermeasure of the < < dish fruitworms such as You Liuyou army and annidation > >, Chinese Ecological Agriculture journal [J] 4 phases in 2010, deliver the < < temperature such as You Liuyou army and illumination 3 kinds of therophytes seed germinations are affected to > >, arid zone research 5 phases in 2010 deliver 3 kinds of therophytes emergence rates of < < South Margin of Tengger Desert such as You Liuyou army sand are buried to the response > > with GA3.In above-mentioned article, the gibberellin of the employing 1.0g/l such as Liu Youjun carries out after seed treatment, and germination rate reaches 100%, but the problem existing is: the first, and the seed germination duration reaches 20d.The second, seed collection during the phase survival rate of seedlings be less than 10%.This may be because seed HORMONE TREATMENT concentration is larger, has changed due to the hormonal readiness of Interior Seed; Broadcasting rear water management improper, is also one of easy dead reason after emerging.While there is no at present the real seed collection of dish fruitworm, survival rate of seedlings is higher than 10% sand ground open country seed seedling-raising cultivation method.
summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the real seed seedling-raising cultivation method of a kind of dish fruitworm, so that cultivate in a large number this forage plant, for the livestock of Desert Regions survives the winter, provide feed, protection Desert Regions ecotope.
In order to realize described object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows, and the real seed seedling-raising cultivation method of a kind of dish fruitworm comprises that the real seed dormancy of dish fruitworm is abolished, the cultivation of sand ground open country seed seedling-raising, field management and results, and concrete steps comprise:
1. seed dormancy is abolished
1.1 seed collections: annual select the plant of robust growth to mid-October by the end of September, gather in the crops seed when most of seed maturity, it is soon withered that the sex character of seed maturity is that plant stem-leaf becomes redness, plant, and seed is wherein pitchy or brown; With scissors, fruit ear being cut, with hand rolling, shaken off seed, take out foreign material, dries in the shade to water content and is less than 14% in the place that clean seed is placed on to ventilation; There is dormancy in new wild seed, germination rate is less than 30%; Also there is dormancy in new cultivation seed, germination rate is less than 50%;
1.2 seed room storage: when seed moisture content is less than 14%, is contained in cotton bag and stores, fill seed-bearing cotton bag and at room temperature store, storage period avoids sootiness, the plague of rats, insect pest, water wet etc.; 13～30 ℃ of storage room temperatures, relative moisture <30%; The real wild seed storage of dish fruitworm 5 years to 7 years or cultivation seed storage enter the vernalization of step 1.4.1 illumination box after within 2 years, entering step 1.3 seed disinfection; The real wild seed of dish fruitworm or the real cultivation of dish fruitworm seed storage, to Second Year May, after entering step 1.3 seed disinfection, enter step
1.4.2excision germinal aperature kind skin and gibberellin processing are carried out seed dormancy and are abolished; Through inventor's experiment, the wild seed vitality of storing 7 years is still 100%; Cultivation seed to current shelf time is that 3 years its vitalitys are 98.5%; The real seed of dish fruitworm is contained in cotton bag ventilative, can not hermetically storing;
1.3 seed disinfections: need prior to seeding to carry out seed disinfection processing, then carry out illumination box vernalization or broadcast front seed germination hole kind skin destruction and gibberellin processing; Seed disinfection processing method is seed to be inserted to the HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
2in reagent, soak 10min and take out, with distilled water, repeatedly rinse 3～5 times;
1.4 seed dormancies are abolished
1.4.1 illumination box vernalization is carried out seed dormancy and is abolished: illumination box setting: temperature, 25 ℃/5 ℃, 14h high temperature/10h low temperature; Illumination arranges: 24h is dark; Duration 20d; Presprouting of seeds is carried out in the culture dish of 9cm, and culture dish is covered with 2 metafiltration paper, and filter paper is moistening with distilled water 2ml, and sterile-processed seed is placed in above filter paper, and seed keeps filter paper moistening; Wild seed germination rate can reach 82%, cultivation seed germination rate 84%;
1.4.2 excising germinal aperature kind skin and gibberellin processes and carries out seed dormancy and abolish: by the seed of disinfecting, soak 24h in the distilled water of 35 ℃ after, leach seed, be placed on the moisture that blots the surface of the seed on filter paper, then broadcasting front seed germination hole kind skin destroys, method is the germinal aperature kind skin sub-fraction with blade excision seed, must guard against embryo or the endosperm of injury seed, just draw and break in the seed coat; In Gibberellins solution by the seed of processing through germinal aperature kind skin destruction at 200mg/l, soak 6h, take out standby; Wild seed germination rate can reach 98.5%, and cultivation seed germination rate can reach 96.6%;
2. sand ground open country seed seedling-raising cultivation
2.1 soil are selected and are processed: soil is sandy soil, and soil salt content is less than 300mM, and soil damage by disease and insect is few, preferably the sandy soil below the white thorn of use sand hill, one week prior to seeding, remove weeds, ground is flattened, the ridge is done in sowing division, according to the specification of 1m * 1m or 2m * 2m, the high 20cm in the ridge, bottom width 30cm, face width 20cm, then waters to the lattice of each 1m * 1m or 2m * 2m, then in each grid, covers the sandy soil under the Bai Cibao of 10cm thickness; After water irrigates, airing several days, for sowing.Higher through the general salt content of tame sandy soil, should not use;
2.2 dates of seeding: soil temperature is greater than 10 ℃; Generally in mid or late May;
2.3 sowings: 300～500/m of thickness of sowing
2type of seeding: adopt program request method, 3～5, every cave seed of having urged bud, line-spacing and spacing in the rows all keep 10cm, sowing depth 0.5cm, after planting sieves thin sand and soil on seed cave thickness of earth covering 0.5～1cm with 35～60 order mesh screens, after earthing, water immediately, watering the water yield is that sowing division is moistening; Covered with sunshade net after watering;
3. field management
3.1 weedings: after planting about 20 days, seedling starts weeding for the first time after all sprouting, about height of seedling 3～4cm; After planting about 60 days again weeding once, about height of seedling 10～15cm; After planting weeding for the third time about 80 days, approximately height of seedling 16～28cm; Weeding is cut off from root, especially in weeding for the first time, must guard against injury seedlings root;
3.2 water managements: after each weeding, within 2～3 days, water, At All Other Times, if there is soil drought, water in time, the most dead during 3～4 centimetres of heights of seedling, now to pay special attention to water, the principle of following is on a small quantity repeatedly, each irrigation quantity 2～5kg/m
2, to keep not dry being advisable of soil surface; And water all at the cloudy day, or carry out in the morning of fine day or evening, avoid Exposure to Sunlight; In order to avoid because water burn root system of plant and excessive vaporization of excess Temperature causes upper soll layer salt content too high, the salinity finally causing is poisoned; In the phase of yielding positive results, water less as far as possible; Be beneficial to yield positive results, improve seed production;
3.3 seedling hardiness exercises: when height of seedling reaches 10～20cm, every 3～5 days, accept intense light irradiation 1～2 hour to removing sunshade net between at 7 in afternoon by seedling at 8 a.m., accept altogether intense light irradiation 4～6 times in seedling stage;
3.4 remove sunshade net: at plant height, reach after 25cm, in 8～September, before yielding positive results, remove sunshade net, be beneficial to plant reproductive growth;
4. gather in the crops
4.1 gather period: in mid or late October, gather; In the large place of precipitation slightly slow 10～20 days, in the little place of rainfall, early 10～20 days;
4.2 harvesting methods: use scissors to cut off plant from root, put down gently gently and take, in order to avoid scatter seed; Be placed on after dry in the place that is placed in ventilation on Polypropylence Sheet and shake off seed.
The present invention is by field sandy cultivation, seed collection during the phase survival rate of seedlings be 33～45%, fresh careless output is 10500～18600kg/hm
2, hay amount is 3500～6400kg/hm
2, seed production is 5200～6240kg/hm
2.So; if will be to the real artificial cultivation technique spread of dish fruitworm; both can utilize a large amount of idle sand ground in Desert Regions; again can saving water resource; can also protect the ecotope of Desert Regions, the while can delay the deterioration of grasslands problem causing due to overgraze, increases Desert Regions peasant's income; for surviving the winter, the livestock of Desert Regions provides feed, protection Desert Regions ecotope.The invention solves the current seed collection technical problem that during phase, survival rate of seedlings is less than 10%; the present invention has realized the real artificial cultivation of dish fruitworm; the real wild resource of dish fruitworm is effectively protected; for the deterioration of grasslands causing due to overgraze, there is conservation value simultaneously; the a large amount of idle sand ground in Desert Regions is utilized, and has saved the water consumption causing because of plant cultivation grain.
embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. seed treatment
1.1 seed collections: October 12 in 2005 is selected robust growth in the Desert Regions of Gulang County, cauline leaf is red, and soon withered Wild plant carries out seed collection, and ripe seed is pitchy or brown.With scissors, fruit ear is cut, with hand rolling, both can be shaken off seed, then with sieve, take out foreign material, obtain clean seed, be placed on the place of ventilation, dry in the shade standby.
1.2 seed storages: after the real seed collection of dish fruitworm, during seed moisture content 11.3%, be contained in cotton bag and store, storage period avoids sootiness, the plague of rats, insect pest, water wet etc.; Room temperature remains on 13～30 ℃, relative moisture <30%.
1.3 seed dormancies are abolished: on May 2nd, 2011, by indoor, stored 5 years wild seed and carry out seed disinfection processing, with the HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
2reagent soaks seed disinfection 10min, and disinfection seed rinses 5 times repeatedly with distilled water; Then sterile-processed seed is placed on and in illumination box, carries out vernalization processing; The setting of illumination box: temperature, 25 ℃/5 ℃, 14h high temperature/10h low temperature, illumination arranges: 24h is dark, presprouting of seeds is carried out in the culture dish of 9cm, and culture dish is covered with 2 metafiltration paper, and filter paper is moistening with distilled water 2ml, sterile-processed seed is placed in above filter paper, makes seed keep filter paper moistening during illumination box vernalization; Duration 20d, germination rate reaches 82%.
2. sand ground open country growing nursery and culture
2.1 soil are selected and are processed: near the white thorn sand hill side rising field, the raw botanical garden of Minqin desert, and select sand ground between a mound to carry out the real seed seedling-raising outdoor cropping of dish fruitworm.Sandy soil below the white thorn of use sand hill, soil salt content: water miscible Na
+content is 5.1 ± 0.42 μ mol/g, water miscible K
+content is 1.78 ± 0.23 μ mol/g.On May 20th, 2011, remove weeds, by ground leveling, the ridge is done in sowing division, according to the specification of 2m * 2m, the high 20cm in the ridge, bottom width 30cm, face width 20cm, then waters to the lattice of each 2m * 2m, then in each grid, covers the sandy soil under the white thorn sand hill of 10cm thickness; After water irrigates, airing several days, for sowing.
2.2 dates of seeding: be on May 27th, 2011 sowing time, 11 ℃ of soil temperature.
2.3 sowings: 400/m of thickness of sowing
2, type of seeding: adopt program request method, 4, every cave seed of having urged bud, line-spacing and spacing in the rows all keep 10cm, and sowing depth 0.5cm after planting sieves thin sand and soil on seed cave with 60 order iron mesh screens, and thickness of earth covering 0.5cm, waters after earthing immediately, and sowing division is moistening; Covered with sunshade net after watering.
3. field management
3.1 weedings: weeding for the first time on June 17, height of seedling 4cm, weeding again after 27 days July, height of seedling 13cm, weeding for the third time on August 15, height of seedling 22cm; During weeding, it is cut off from root, especially in weeding for the first time, must guard against injury seedlings root.
3.2 water managements: June 5 watered, June 15 watered, and watered June 20, June 30 watered, July 10 watered, and July 22 watered, and July 30 watered, and August 17 watered, and August 30 watered, and September 20 watered; Each irrigation quantity 2～5kg/m
2, to keep not dry being advisable of soil surface; And water all at the cloudy day, or carry out in the morning of fine day or evening, avoid Exposure to Sunlight; In order to avoid because water burn root system of plant and excessive vaporization of excess Temperature causes upper soll layer salt content too high, the salinity finally causing is poisoned.
3.3 seedling hardiness exercises: when height of seedling reaches 12cm, remove sunshade net 8 of mornings July 20, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, remove sunshade net 10 of mornings July 24, allows seedling accept intense light irradiation 1.5 hours, and remove sunshade net at 5 in afternoon July 28, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 2 hours, remove sunshade net 9 of mornings August 2, allows seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, accepts altogether intense light irradiation 4 times;
3.4 remove sunshade net: at plant height, reach 27cm, August 30, before yielding positive results, remove sunshade net, be beneficial to plant reproductive growth.
4. gather in the crops
4.1 gather period: October 24 gathered.
4.2 harvesting methods: use scissors to cut off plant from root while gathering, put down gently gently and take, in order to avoid scatter seed.Be placed on the place that is placed in ventilation above Polypropylence Sheet and dry, shake off seed.
4.3 output: while gathering, survival rate of seedlings 40%, fresh careless output: 10500kg/hm
2, hay amount: 3500kg/hm
2, seed production: 5200kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 2
1. seed treatment
1.1 seed collections: on October 20th, 2009, robust growth was selected in the Desert Regions in Minqin County, cauline leaf is red, withered Wild plant soon, ripe seed is pitchy or brown.With scissors, fruit ear is cut, with hand rolling, both can be shaken off seed, then with sieve, take out foreign material, obtain clean seed, be placed on the place of ventilation, dry in the shade standby.
1.2 seed storages: after the real seed collection of dish fruitworm, during seed moisture content 11.6%, be contained in cotton bag and store, room temperature remains on 13～30 ℃, relative moisture <30%.All the other are with embodiment 1.
1.3 seed dormancies are abolished: the wild seed that on May 28th, 2010 gathered the last October HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
2reagent sterilization 10min, disinfection seed distilled water flushing 3 times, seed after disinfecting soaks after 24h in the distilled water of 35 ℃, leach seed, be then placed on the moisture that blots the surface of the seed on filter paper, then with blade, excise the germinal aperature kind skin sub-fraction of seed, the kind skin that carries out seed destroys, must guard against embryo or the endosperm that can not injure seed, then in the Gibberellins solution of 200mg/l, soak 6h and take out, germination rate reaches 98.5%.
2 sand ground open country growing nursery and cultures
2.1 soil are selected and are processed: on the sand ground of a rising back, the raw botanical garden of Minqin desert, carry out the real seed seedling-raising outdoor cropping of dish fruitworm.Sandy soil below the white thorn of use sand hill, soil salt content: water miscible Na
+content is 3.88 ± 0.22 μ mol/g, water miscible K
+content is 1.56 ± 0.13 μ mol/g.On May 20th, 2010, remove weeds, by ground leveling, the ridge is done in sowing division, according to the specification of 1m * 1m, the high 20cm in the ridge, bottom width 30cm, face width 20cm, then waters to the lattice of each 1m * 1m, then in each grid, covers the sandy soil under the Bai Cibao of 10cm thickness.After water irrigates for sowing.
2.2 dates of seeding: be on May 29th, 2011 sowing time, 10 ℃ of soil temperature.
2.3 sowings: 500/m of thickness of sowing
2, adopting the sowing of program request method, 5, every cave seed of having urged bud, after planting sieves thin sand and soil on seed cave with 50 order iron mesh screens, and all the other are with embodiment 1.
3. field management
3.1 weedings: weeding for the first time on June 20, about height of seedling 3cm, after 29 days July again weeding once, about height of seedling 13cm, weeding for the third time after 19 days Augusts, about height of seedling 23cm, all the other are with embodiment 1.
3.2 water managements: June 8 watered, June 17 watered, and watered June 23, July 3 watered, July 15 watered, and July 26 watered, and July 31 watered, and August 13 watered, and August 22 watered, and August 30 watered, and September 16 watered; All the other are with embodiment 1.
3.3 seedling hardiness exercises: remove sunshade net 10 of mornings July 31, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, remove sunshade net 8 of mornings August 2, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1.5 hours, remove sunshade net at 4 in afternoon August 5, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 2 hours, remove sunshade net 9 of mornings August 8, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, remove sunshade net at 3 in afternoon August 11, allows seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, and 8:30 divided and removed sunshade net morning August 15, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, accept altogether intense light irradiation 6 times;
3.4 remove sunshade net: August 25, plant height reaches after 25cm, removes sunshade net, are beneficial to plant reproductive growth.
4. gather in the crops
4.1 gather period: October 20, gathered.
4.2 harvesting methods: with embodiment 1.
4.3 output: the survival rate of seedlings while gathering reaches 33%
,fresh careless output: 15200kg/hm
2, hay amount: 5300kg/hm
2, seed production: 6050kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 3
1. seed treatment
1.1 seed collections: on October 20th, 2009 is selected robust growth in the real cultivation area of sand control station, Minqin dish fruitworm, cauline leaf is red, withered cultivation plant soon, ripe seed is pitchy or brown.All the other are with embodiment 1.
1.2 seed storages: after seed collection, during seed moisture content 12%, be contained in cotton bag and store, all the other are with embodiment 1.
1.3 seed dormancies are abolished: the cultivation seed that on May 28th, 2010 gathered the last October HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
2reagent sterilization 10min, disinfection seed distilled water flushing 3 times; Seed germination rate 96.5%; All the other are with embodiment 2.
2. sand ground open country growing nursery and culture
2.1 soil are selected and are processed: all the other are with embodiment 2.
2.2 dates of seeding: with embodiment 2.
2.3 sowings: with embodiment 2.
3. field management
3.1 weedings: weeding for the first time on June 19, about height of seedling 4cm, after 29 days July again weeding once, about height of seedling 13cm, weeding for the third time after 19 days Augusts, about height of seedling 25cm, all the other are with embodiment 1.
3.2 water managements: June 8 watered, June 17 watered, and watered June 22, July 3 watered, July 15 watered, and July 26 watered, and August 1 watered, and August 13 watered, and August 22 watered, and August 30 watered, and September 16 watered; All the other are with embodiment 1.
3.3 seedling hardiness exercises: remove sunshade net 10 of mornings July 31, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, remove sunshade net at 4 in afternoon August 5, allows seedling accept intense light irradiation 2 hours, and remove sunshade net 9 of mornings August 8, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, remove sunshade net at 3 in afternoon August 11, allows seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, and 8:30 divided and removed sunshade net morning August 15, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1 hour, accept altogether intense light irradiation 5 times;
3.4 remove sunshade net: with embodiment 2.
4. gather in the crops
4.1 gather period: October 27, gathered.
4.2 harvesting methods: with embodiment 1.
4.3 output: the survival rate of seedlings while gathering reaches 42%
,fresh careless output: 18600kg/hm
2, hay amount: 6430kg/hm
2, seed production: 6240kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 4
1. seed treatment
1.1 seed collections: October 12 in 2009 is selected robust growth in the real cultivation area of sand control station, Minqin dish fruitworm, cauline leaf is red, withered cultivation plant soon, ripe seed is pitchy or brown.All the other are with embodiment 1.
1.2 seed storages: after the real seed collection of dish fruitworm, during seed moisture content 11.8%, be contained in cotton bag and store, storage period avoids sootiness, the plague of rats, insect pest, water wet etc.; Room temperature remains on 13～30 ℃, relative moisture <30%.
1.3 seed dormancies are abolished: on May 2nd, 2011, stored 2 years cultivation seeds and carry out seed disinfection processing, with the HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1% by indoor
2reagent soaks seed disinfection 10min, and disinfection seed rinses 4 times repeatedly with distilled water; Germination rate reaches 84%.All the other are with embodiment 1.
2. sand ground open country growing nursery and culture
2.1 soil are selected and are processed: with embodiment 1.
2.2 dates of seeding: with embodiment 1.
2.3 sowings: after planting with 35 order iron mesh screens, thin sand and soil is sieved on seed cave, all the other are with embodiment 1.
3. field management
3.1 weedings: with embodiment 1.
3.2 water managements: with embodiment 1.
3.3 seedling hardiness exercises: with embodiment 1.
3.4 remove sunshade net: with embodiment 1.
4. gather in the crops
4.1 gather period: October 29 gathered.
4.2 harvesting methods: with embodiment 1.
4.3 output: while gathering, survival rate of seedlings 45%, fresh careless output: 12400kg/hm
2, hay amount: 4100kg/hm
2, seed production: 5600kg/hm
2.
Claims (1)
1. the real seed seedling-raising cultivation method of dish fruitworm, is characterized in that: the method comprises that the real seed dormancy of dish fruitworm is abolished, the cultivation of sand ground open country seed seedling-raising, field management and results, and concrete steps comprise:
A. seed dormancy is abolished
A.1 seed collection: annual select the plant of robust growth to mid-October by the end of September, gather in the crops seed when most of seed maturity, it is soon withered that the sex character of seed maturity is that plant stem-leaf becomes redness, plant, and seed is wherein pitchy or brown; With scissors, fruit ear being cut, with hand rolling, shaken off seed, take out foreign material, dries in the shade to water content and is less than 14% in the place that clean seed is placed on to ventilation;
A.2 seed room storage: when seed moisture content is less than 14%, is contained in cotton bag and stores, fill seed-bearing cotton bag and at room temperature store, storage period avoids sootiness, the plague of rats, insect pest, water wet; 13～30 ℃ of storage room temperatures, relative moisture <30%; The real wild seed storage of dish fruitworm 5 years to 7 years or cultivation seed storage enter step for 2 years a.3 after seed disinfection, enter a.4.1 illumination box vernalization of step; The real wild seed of dish fruitworm or the real cultivation of dish fruitworm seed storage be to Second Year May, enters step a.3 after seed disinfection, enters step
a.4.2excision germinal aperature kind skin and gibberellin processing are carried out seed dormancy and are abolished;
A.3 seed disinfection: need prior to seeding to carry out seed disinfection processing, then carry out illumination box vernalization or broadcast front seed germination hole kind skin destruction and gibberellin processing; Seed disinfection processing method is seed to be inserted to the HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
2in reagent, soak 10min and take out, with distilled water, repeatedly rinse 3～5 times;
A.4 seed dormancy is abolished
A.4.1 illumination box vernalization is carried out seed dormancy and is abolished: illumination box setting: temperature, 25 ℃/5 ℃, 14h high temperature/10h low temperature; Illumination arranges: 24h is dark; Duration 20d; Presprouting of seeds is carried out in the culture dish of 9cm, and culture dish is covered with 2 metafiltration paper, and filter paper is moistening with distilled water 2ml, and sterile-processed seed is placed in above filter paper, keeps filter paper moistening during seed sprouting; Wild seed germination rate reaches 82%, cultivation seed germination rate 84%;
A.4.2 excising germinal aperature kind skin and gibberellin processes and carries out seed dormancy and abolish: by the seed of disinfecting, soak 24h in the distilled water of 35 ℃ after, leach seed, be placed on the moisture that blots the surface of the seed on filter paper, then broadcasting front seed germination hole kind skin destroys, method is the germinal aperature kind skin sub-fraction with blade excision seed, must guard against embryo or the endosperm of injury seed, just draw and break in the seed coat; In Gibberellins solution by the seed of processing through germinal aperature kind skin destruction at 200mg/L, soak 6h, take out standby; Wild seed germination rate reaches 98.5%, and cultivation seed germination rate reaches 96.6%;
B. sand ground open country seed seedling-raising cultivation
B.1 soil is selected and is processed: soil salt content is less than 300mM, and soil damage by disease and insect is few, and soil is the sandy soil below white thorn sand hill, one week prior to seeding, remove weeds, by ground leveling, the ridge is done in sowing division, according to the specification of 1m * 1m or 2m * 2m, the high 20cm in the ridge, bottom width 30cm, face width 20cm, then the lattice of each 1m * 1m or 2m * 2m is watered, then in each grid, cover the sandy soil below the white thorn sand hill of 10cm thickness; After water irrigates, airing several days, for sowing;
B.2 date of seeding: soil temperature is greater than 10 ℃; Generally in mid or late May;
B.3 sowing: 300～500/m of thickness of sowing
2type of seeding: adopt program request method, 3～5, every cave seed of having urged bud, line-spacing and spacing in the rows all keep 10cm, sowing depth 0.5cm, after planting sieves thin sand and soil on seed cave thickness of earth covering 0.5～1cm with 35～60 order mesh screens, after earthing, water immediately, watering the water yield is that sowing division is moistening; Covered with sunshade net after watering;
C. field management
C.1 weeding: after planting about 20 days, seedling starts weeding for the first time after all sprouting, about height of seedling 3～4cm; After planting about 60 days again weeding once, about height of seedling 10～15cm; After planting weeding for the third time about 80 days, approximately height of seedling 16～28cm; Weeding is cut off from root, especially in weeding for the first time, must guard against injury seedlings root;
C.2 water management: after each weeding, within 2～3 days, water, At All Other Times, if there is soil drought, water in time, the most dead during 3～4 centimetres of heights of seedling, now to pay special attention to water, the principle of following is on a small quantity repeatedly, each irrigation quantity 2～5kg/m
2, to keep not dry being advisable of soil surface; And water all at the cloudy day, or carry out in the morning of fine day or evening, avoid Exposure to Sunlight; In the phase of yielding positive results, water less as far as possible;
C.3 seedling hardiness exercise: when height of seedling reaches 10～20cm, every 3～5 days, accept intense light irradiation 1～2 hour to removing sunshade net between at 5 in afternoon by seedling at 8 a.m., accept altogether intense light irradiation 4～6 times in seedling stage;
C.4 remove sunshade net: at plant height, reach after 25cm, in 8～September, before yielding positive results, remove sunshade net;
D. gather in the crops
D.1 gather period: in mid or late October, gather;
D.2 harvesting method: use scissors to cut off plant from root, put down gently gently and take; Be placed on after dry in the place that is placed in ventilation on Polypropylence Sheet and shake off seed.
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| CN104365212A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-02-25 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for breaking psammophyte Agriophyllum squarrosum seed dormancy and improving germination rate |
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| CN114793779B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-06-23 | 山西农业大学玉米研究所(山西省农业科学院玉米研究所) | Perilla seed high-yield planting and cultivating method |
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