CN102597418A - 低排放发电和烃采收系统及方法 - Google Patents

低排放发电和烃采收系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN102597418A
CN102597418A CN201080051137XA CN201080051137A CN102597418A CN 102597418 A CN102597418 A CN 102597418A CN 201080051137X A CN201080051137X A CN 201080051137XA CN 201080051137 A CN201080051137 A CN 201080051137A CN 102597418 A CN102597418 A CN 102597418A
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heat
compression
carbon dioxide
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E·D·纳尔逊
M·明特
L·K·斯塔尔切尔
F·米特里克尔
A·希特
J·L·迪克逊
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ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E21B43/40—Separation associated with re-injection of separated materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/067—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification
    • F01K23/068—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification in combination with an oxygen producing plant, e.g. an air separation plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

提供在烃采收方法中低排放发电的集成系统和方法。一个系统包括控制燃料流、氧流、燃烧单元、第一发电系统和第二发电系统。所述燃烧单元配置来接收并燃烧控制燃料流和氧流以产生具有二氧化碳和水的气态燃烧流。所述第一发电系统配置来产生至少一个单位的能量和二氧化碳流。所述第二发电系统配置来接收来自气态燃烧流的热能并将热能转化成至少一个单位的能量。

Description

低排放发电和烃采收系统及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2009年11年12日提交的、名称为“LOW EMISSIONPOWER GENERATION AND HYDROCARBON RECOVERYSYSTEMS AND METHODS(低排放发电和烃采收系统及方法)”的待决美国临时申请系列号61/260,636在35U.S.C.§119(e)下的权益，为所有目的，通过引用将其全部并入本文。
另外，应当注意，本申请涉及于2009年3月25日提交的国际专利申请号PCT/US2009/038247，所述PCT/US2009/038247又要求于2008年3月28日提交的美国临时申请号61/072,292和于2009年2月18日提交的美国临时申请号61/153,508的权益。
技术领域
本发明的实施方式涉及在烃采收方法中低排放发电。更具体地，本发明的实施方式涉及在非常低排放的烃采收方法中利用氮、氧、二氧化碳和/或烃燃料发电的方法和系统。
背景技术
此章节意欲介绍可能与本发明的示例性实施方式有关的本领域的各个方面。相信本讨论有助于对促进本发明的具体方面的更好理解提供框架。因此，应当理解，应该以这个角度阅读本章节，并且不必承认是现有技术。
许多强化的烃采收操作可被分为以下类型中的一种：压力保持和混相驱动(miscible flooding)。在压力保持操作中，将惰性气体如氮气注入至主要为气态的储层，以在该储层中保持至少最低压力，阻止反凝析并提高总采收量。在混相驱动操作中，将混相气体如二氧化碳注入至主要为液态的储层以与液体混合，降低其粘度并增加压力以提高采收率。
许多产油国正经历强烈的国内能量需求增长，并关注提高采收率法采油(EOR)，以提高从其储层采油。对于EOR，两种常见的EOR技术包括用于储层压力保持的氮气(N2)注入和用于混相驱动的二氧化碳(CO2)注入。也存在全球关注温室气体(GHG)排放问题。这种关注与许多国家的总量控制与交易政策(cap-and-trade policy)的执行相结合，使得减少CO2排放成为这些和其他国家以及其中操作烃生产系统的公司优先考虑的事情。
减少CO2排放的一些方法包括燃料脱碳或燃烧后捕集(post-combustion capture)。但是，这两种方案都是成本高的并且降低发电（产生能量）效率，导致较低的发电，为满足国内能量需求而增加了燃料的需求并增加了电力成本。另一方法是处于联合循环(combinedcycle)(例如其中捕集来自燃气轮机Brayton循环的废热以在Rankine循环中产生蒸汽并产生额外能量)的含氧燃料燃气轮机。但是，没有商业可得的能够在这样的循环中操作的燃气轮机，并且产生高纯氧所需的能量显著降低了该方法的总效率。一些研究已经比较了这些方法并显示了每种方法的一些优势。参见，例如BOLLAND,OLAV和UNDRUM,HENRIETTE，Removal of CO2 from Gas Turbine PowerPlants:Evaluation of pre-and post-combustion methods(除去燃气轮机电厂的CO2：燃烧方法前后的评估),SINTEF Group，在http://www.energy.sintef.nO/publ/xergi/98/3/3art-8-engelsk.htm(1998)中可看到。
美国专利号4,344,486（‘486专利）公开了这样的方法，所述方法将基本纯的氧添加至产生自产液地层的烃和二氧化碳中，以产生热或电，并再注入二氧化碳用于EOR。‘486专利公开了在产液地层的生产流中将烃液体与气态组分分开，然后将气态组分与基本纯的氧混合并燃烧混合物以产生热和CO2。然后CO2被注入相同或不同的产液地层中。该方法未教导或建议来自氧车间的效率阻碍(efficiency drag)的解决方案。
美国专利公开号2007/0237696(‘696出版物)本质上公开了氧-燃料方法和EOR的组合，如在‘486专利中所公开。‘696出版物也需要独立的氧车间或空气分离车间，并且未教导或建议工作气体动力涡轮机配置。
最近，国际专利申请号US2009/038247公开了这样的系统，其提供了针对来自氧车间的效率阻碍的解决方案，并进一步提供了惰性气体(氮气)注入用于储层压力保持。但在US2009/038247的集成系统中，产生的净能量通常由于该方法的能量消耗需求降低，即使在提高的效率下。
因此，对于具有增加的能量产生的、低排放、高效率的烃采收方法，仍然存在大量需求。
发明内容
在本发明的至少一种实施方式中提供集成系统。该系统包括氧流、主控制燃料流、主燃烧单元、第一发电系统和第二发电系统。主燃烧单元配置来接收并燃烧主控制燃料流和氧流，以产生具有二氧化碳和水的气态燃烧流。第一发电系统配置来接收气态燃烧流并至少产生压缩的气态的基本上二氧化碳流。第二发电系统配置来从气态燃烧流接收热能并将热能转化成至少一个单位的能量（功率）。
在本发明的至少一种实施方式中，也提供具有能量产生的低排放烃采收方法。该方法包括下列步骤：产生具有二氧化碳和水的气态燃烧流；产生压缩空气流；从气态燃烧流传热至压缩空气流，以形成冷却的气态燃烧流和热的压缩空气流；使用第一发电系统从冷却的气态燃烧流产生能量、水流和二氧化碳流；使用第二发电系统从热的压缩空气流产生能量；和将至少部分二氧化碳流注入储层以增加烃生产量。
附图简述
在研读实施方式的非限制性实例的以下详细描述和附图后，本公开的前述和其它优势将变得明显，其中：
图1A图解根据本公开的实施方式的、用于低排放发电和烃采收的集成系统；
图1B图解根据本公开的另一实施方式的、用于低排放发电和烃采收的集成系统；
图1C图解根据本公开的仍有另一实施方式的、用于低排放发电和烃采收的集成系统；
图2A图解根据本公开的仍有另一实施方式的、用于低排放发电和烃采收的集成系统；
图2B图解根据本公开的仍有另一实施方式的、用于低排放发电和烃采收的集成系统；和
图3图解根据本公开的实施方式的、用于低排放发电和烃采收的方法的流程图。
发明详述
定义
下面定义如本文使用的各种术语。在权利要求中使用的术语没有在下面定义的情况，该术语应当给予相关领域人员已给予该术语的定义。
如本文使用的，“一个”或“一种”实体指一个或多个(一种或多种)该实体。同样地，术语“一个”(或“一种”)、“一个或多个(一种或多种)”和“至少一个(至少一种)”可在本文中互换使用，除非具体指出限制。
如本文使用的，术语“包括”是开放式过渡词，其用于从该术语之前叙述的主题过渡至该术语之后叙述的一个或多个要素，其中该过渡词后列出的要素或多个要素不必是组成该主题的仅有要素。
如本文使用的，术语“含有”具有与“包括”一样的开放式含义。
如本文使用的，术语“具有”具有与“包括”一样的开放式含义。
如本文使用的，术语“包含”具有与“包括”一样的开放式含义。
描述
在以下详细的描述部分中，连同优选实施方式一起描述了本发明的具体实施方式。但是，就以下描述特定为本发明的具体实施方式或具体使用而言，这意欲仅为示例性目的并仅仅提供了示例性实施方式的描述。因此，本发明不限于以下描述的具体实施方式，而是，本发明包括落入所附权利要求真正精神和范围内的所有替代方式、改进和等价形式。
参看图1A，显示用于具有增加的额外能量产生的、低排放高效率烃采收方法的集成系统100。一般而言，系统100包括协同地连接在一起的两个能量-产生循环，以减少总排放；产生CO2用于提高采收率法采油(EOR)或封存(sequestration)；产生N2用于EOR、封存或销售；产生可家用的干净水；和/或类似目的。更具体而言，系统100包括主燃烧单元(例如，氧-燃料燃烧器)102，其配置来接收主控制燃料流104和氧流106。在至少一种实施方式中，氧流106通过空气分离单元(“ASU”)110产生，所述空气分离单元(“ASU”)110配置来将空气流112分离成主要富含氧的组分(例如，氧流106)和主要富含氮的组分(例如，氮流114)。氮流114可经压缩机120压缩，以产生氮注入流122，用于随后注入压力保持储层124。但是，氮流114可用在任何合适的应用中和/或出售以满足具体应用的设计标准。应当了解，氧流106和主控制燃料流104可通过任何合适的机制产生和/或提供，以满足具体应用的设计标准。而且，一种或多种实施方式可实现其本身包含氧的空气流作为氧流106。
类似地，主控制燃料流104可以是任何合适的燃料或燃料混合物(例如，天然气、煤、烃液体和/或任何其他合适的含碳燃料)，以满足具体应用的设计标准。一般而言，主燃烧单元102排出包括二氧化碳(CO2)和水(H2O)的混合物作为气态燃烧流130。
气态燃烧流130可经过换热器132。换热器132一般配置来将来自气态燃烧流130的热能传递至燃气轮机180。如在本申请中稍后所描述，换热器(即，换热单元)132形成两个能量-产生循环之间的界面。
经过换热器132后，气态燃烧流130可被第一热回收蒸汽发电机(HRSG)140接收。第一HRSG 140一般包括换热器，比如蒸汽旋管(未显示)，其与气态燃烧流130接触，用于产生蒸汽142。蒸汽142可被膨胀经过汽轮机150以产生能量/功。汽轮机排出流152可接着被冷凝(例如，在第一冷凝器154中)和/或激冷(例如，在激冷器156中)，以产生水流160。在至少一种实施方式中，激冷器156配置来接收补充水流158。所有水160或部分水160，比如流160′和160"，可循环至装置的合适部件，比如第一HRSG 140和/或第二HRSG 162，和/或应用至任何合适的用途，以满足具体应用的设计标准。
第一HRSG 140可将气态燃烧流130经过第二冷凝器164用于分离成压缩的气态的基本上CO2流170和水流172。在至少一种实施方式中，冷却的CO2流170的部分170′可再循环回到主燃烧单元102以调节燃烧温度。在至少一种其他实施方式中，CO2流170的第二部分170"可与EOR注入、封存和/或任何其他合适的应用结合使用。在另一种实施方式中，来自至少一个外部源(未显示)的废气171可以与CO2流170混合(即，结合)，以便废气171也与燃烧温度调节、EOR注入、封存和/或任何其他合适的应用结合使用。
现在回到换热单元132，系统100的换热器132一般起到将来自气态燃烧流130的热能传递至基于燃气轮机180的发电过程的作用。燃气轮机180一般接收空气流，比如空气流112′，其可源自与空气流112相同的源，以及例如经压缩机182压缩空气流，以形成压缩的涡轮空气流184。换热器132接收压缩的涡轮空气流184并经在气态燃烧流130和流184之间的传热加热空气流184。在图1A的实施方式中，热的压缩的涡轮空气流184′接着传送至与膨胀器190连接的燃烧器(即，补充燃烧单元)186，用于从燃烧器排出流184"产生能量/功。在至少一种实施方式中，燃烧器186配置来接收燃料流(即，补充控制燃料流)188。补充控制燃料流188可以是任何合适的燃料和/或燃料流，比如但不限于主控制燃料流104，以满足具体应用的设计标准。
可以注意到，在换热单元132中加热压缩的涡轮空气流184可明显减少在膨胀器190产生期望的空气入口温度所需要的补充控制燃料188的量。因此，补充控制燃料流188的量的减少一般提供了由补充燃烧单元186产生的排放量的减少。具体而言，至少一个模拟预测，通过在燃烧之前使用换热器单元132加热压缩的涡轮空气流184，可消除2/3的排放。
燃气轮机排气192可接着去往第二HRSG 162或任何其他合适的设备以满足具体应用的设计标准。在至少一种实施方式中，第二HRSG162与汽轮机150连接并使蒸汽166经过汽轮机150。蒸汽166可结合蒸汽142或代替蒸汽142使用以发电并形成汽轮机排出流152。另外，本发明的一种或多种实施方式可包括与第二HRSG 162连接的选择性催化还原设备(SCR)194，用于在释放之前处理烟道气196。
在至少一种实施方式中，与当主燃烧单元102在大气压附近(即，稍高于大气压、大气压或少低于大气压)操作时燃烧流130中存在的水含量相比较，通过在升高的压力下操作主燃烧单元102可减少气态燃烧流130中的水含量。在这种实施方式中，ASU 110可配置来向主燃烧单元102提供高压氧流106。
在至少一种实施方式中，水含量的减少可允许消除和/或简化一种或多种随后的处理步骤，比如脱水单元(未显示)的应用。类似地，在增加的压力下操作主燃烧单元102可减少对压缩产生的CO2(例如，压缩的气态的基本上CO2流170)的需要。更具体而言，例如对于随后在EOR中的使用，压缩源自燃烧流130的CO2至合适的储层注入水平需要的能量可通过3个因素减少。高压燃烧装置也可具有更小的物理底座(footprint)。但是，相较之下，近大气压燃烧一般不需要压缩氧流106并避免与高压燃烧相关的复杂性，比如形成烟灰的倾向。
参考图1B，显示了图解可结合本发明实施的另一集成系统100′的图。一般而言，系统100′可类似系统100使用，包括CO2储层174，用于注入压缩的气态的基本上CO2流170的至少一部分，比如流170′。如所图解，CO2流170的部分，比如流170″′，可仍通向主燃烧单元102，用于燃烧温度调节。另外或可选地，流170″′可源自(例如，分离自)从储层174产生的流体。在至少一种实施方式中，主控制燃料流104可从CO2储层174获得。类似地，补充控制燃料流188可从压力保持储层124获得。可注意到，将氮用在从压力保持储层124获得的燃料中可提供另外的质量，其可增加膨胀器190的性能并降低空气压缩要求，因此增加燃气轮机180的净能量。
在至少一种实施方式中，水流172可被注入储层(例如，174)以增强烃采收(例如，EOR)。在至少一种其他实施方式中，水流172可与井作业、钻井、工厂冷却和/或蒸汽系统结合使用。但是，水流172可结合任何合适的应用实施，以满足具体应用的设计标准。而且，水流172的特征可为，或进一步处理以便它的特征可为低盐浓度水(即，总溶解固体小于约10,000ppm的水)。相对于非低盐浓度水，这种低盐浓度水对于储层水驱（water flooding）可尤其有益。虽然水流172一般由燃烧过程产生，但是水，比如低盐浓度水，可使用任何合适的方法产生，以满足具体实施方式的设计标准。
参考图1C，显示了图解可结合本发明实施的另一系统100"的图。一般而言，系统100"可与系统100和100′类似地使用，包括重整器142，其配置来接收重整器燃料流144，比如燃料流104或188，和蒸汽流146，比如流142或166，并产生氢燃料流148。一般而言，氢燃料流148可在系统100"中作为补充控制燃料流188和/或任何其他合适的燃料流使用。使用氢作为燃料一般消除或减少了在任何所得燃烧流中二氧化碳的产生。因此氢燃料可战略上或优先在燃气轮机180的燃料单元186中使用，以消除否则使用含碳燃料可产生的二氧化碳排放。对于系统100"，这可有益于获得超低排放。在至少一种实施方式中，至少部分的氢燃料流148，比如部分148′，可被转移用于随后出售。可注意到，在一种或多种实施方式中，氢燃料流也可作为主控制燃料流104使用。但是，可能不期望从气态燃烧流130消除二氧化碳，因为二氧化碳一般被分离并随后用于储层注入。但是，考虑的是，部分的氢燃料流148和/或从氢流分离的重整器流出物可与主控制燃料流104一起使用(例如，混合)，以获得期望的(即，符合具体应用的设计标准)燃料单元性能(例如，火焰稳定性)和/或气态燃烧流130中的二氧化碳减少。
现参看图2A，显示具有额外能量产生的、用于低排放高效率烃采收方法的集成系统200。系统200可与系统100、100′和100"类似地实施，不同处是省略了补充燃烧单元186。因此，热的压缩的涡轮空气流184′直接去往膨胀器190。排除补充燃烧单元186和相关的燃烧排气可能对于例如达到超低排放是有益的。在这种实施方式中，热的压缩的涡轮空气流184′可以在基本上小于优选的(例如，最大)操作入口温度——如膨胀器190的制造者所指定——的温度下到达膨胀器190。降低的温度一般减少系统200产生的总能量，但降低系统200的复杂性并减少排放。相反，包括补充燃烧单元186一般为膨胀器190提供温度基本上等于膨胀器190的优选的(例如，最大)操作入口温度的空气流184"。包括补充燃烧单元186一般产生额外的能量但是也可使系统200的设计复杂化并增加与系统200相关的排放。可注意到，元件132使用陶瓷换热器可提供足够的传热，以便热的压缩的涡轮空气184′基本上以优选的膨胀器190的操作(例如，最大)入口温度到达膨胀器190。额外的热可产生额外的能量，而排除补充燃烧单元186可提供系统200的总排放(例如，与补充燃烧单元186相关的那些排放)的减少。也可注意到排除补充燃烧单元186通常消除了对SCR194的需要。
参考图2B，显示了图解结合本发明实施的另一集成系统200′的图。一般而言，系统200′可与系统200类似地实施，包括CO2储层174，其用于注入至少部分压缩的气态的基本上CO2流170，比如流170′。如所图解，部分CO2流170比如流170″′可通向主燃烧单元102用于燃烧温度调节。另外或可选地，流170″′可源自(例如，分离自)从储层174产生的流体。在至少一种实施方式中，主控制燃料流104可从CO2储层174获得。同样，如系统100、100′、100"和200一样，来自相关ASU 110的氮流114可经压缩机120压缩，以产生氮注入流122。氮流122可用于随后注入压力保持储层124，或氮流114/122可用在任何合适的应用中和/或出售，以满足具体应用的设计标准。
下面表1提供了系统200和200′与常规天然气联合循环(NGCC)之间的模拟性能比较。
表1实例性能比较
Figure BDA00001628539000091
参考图3，显示根据一种实施方式的带发电的低排放烃采收方法300的流程图。方法300可结合系统100、100′、100"、200和/或200′——之前结合图1A-1C、图2A-2B所描述的——和/或任何合适的系统有利地实施，以符合具体应用的设计标准。方法300一般包括多个可连续执行的方框或步骤(例如，302、304、306等)。如本领域普通技术人员认识到，图3中所显示的步骤顺序是示例性的并且一个或多个步骤的顺序在本发明的精神和范围内可被修改。另外，方法300的步骤可以以至少一个非连续(或非顺序)的顺序实施，并且一个或多个步骤可被省略，以满足具体应用的设计标准。
方框302是方法300的进入点。在方框304可产生气态燃烧流(例如，130)和压缩空气流(例如184)。在至少一种实施方式中，来自ASU(例如，110)的氧流(例如，106)联合燃料单元(例如，102)和燃料流(例如，104)被使用以产生气态燃烧流。在这种实施方式中，气态燃烧流一般包括二氧化碳和水。作为ASU的副产物与氮一起产生的二氧化碳可被压缩和/或注入储层(例如，124、174)以利于烃生产。但是，气态燃烧流和/或压缩空气流可使用任何合适的机制产生以满足具体应用的设计标准。
在方框306，从气态燃烧流传热至压缩空气流。传热一般产生冷却的气态燃烧流和热的压缩空气流。在至少一种实施方式中，使用换热单元(例如，132)传热，换热单元可以是能够在高温下交换热的任何合适的材料和/或设备，比如陶瓷基体复合材料(CMC)、陶瓷空气空气热交换器、组合散热片式陶瓷换热器(compact plate-fin ceramicrecuperators)，以及其他金属合金，比如低压应用的Inconel和各种氧化物弥散强化(ODS)合金。各种涂层，比如热障涂层(TBC)和环境障涂层(EBC)也可用于这些应用。潜在适合的换热单元的具体例子是Heatric(Meggitt公司的分公司)高温换热器(PCHE、FPHE、H2X)，其由扩散接合方法（diffusion-bonding process）制作并使用特种合金比如Inconel617，以确保在非常高的工艺温度下操作。但是，可使用任何合适的设备和/或材料传热，以满足具体应用的设计要求。
在方框308，一般使用在至少一种实施方式中可包括HRSG(例如，140)、汽轮机(例如，150)、第一冷凝器(例如，154)、激冷器(例如，156)和/或第二冷凝器(例如，164)的第一发电系统接收冷却的气态燃烧流并产生至少一个单位的能量/功、水流(例如，160、172)和/或压缩的气态的基本上CO2流(例如，170)。
在方框310，如果需要满足设计标准，热的压缩空气流可经补充燃烧单元(例如，186)更进一步加热。在至少一种实施方式中，可使用重整器单元(例如，142)产生氢，随后用作至补充燃烧单元的燃料流(例如，补充控制燃料流188)。在这种实施方式中，补充燃烧单元的气态燃烧流可基本上不含二氧化碳。因此，使用重整器单元可明显降低不期望的燃烧相关的排放。
在方框312，可例如包括改进用于全空气提取的常规天然气联合循环(NGCC)方法的第二发电系统可被使用以产生至少一个单位的能量/功。在至少一种实施方式中，第二发电系统可包括燃气轮机(例如，180)、HRSG(例如，162)、汽轮机(例如，150)、第一冷凝器(例如，154)、激冷器(例如，156)和/或SCR(例如，194)，例如在图1A的示例性集成系统100和/或图2A的200中所图解。
在方框314，至少部分的任何产生的二氧化碳流(例如，170")可被注入储层，以增加烃生产(例如，EOR)。类似地，至少部分产生的氮(例如，114)可被注入储层，以增加烃生产(例如，通过压力保持)。
在方框316，至少部分任何产生的二氧化碳流(例如，170′)可再循环至合适的设备比如燃料单元，以例如调节燃烧温度。方框318一般表示离开方法300的出口点。
这样，如可认识到的，所公开的系统和方法一般提供具有增加的能量产生的低排放、高效率烃采收方法。而且，在一种或多种实施方式中，主燃烧器(例如，102)可被设计为处理具有高CO2污染物的低BTU-燃料，比如通常可见于CO2漏出(CO2 breakthrough)之后的EOR项目的气体中。在一种或多种这样的实施方式中，氢可被添加至低BTU-燃料以有助于火焰的稳定性。
虽然本发明可容易有各种改进和可选形式，但以上讨论的示例性实施方式仅通过举例说明。应当理解，本发明不意欲限于本文公开的具体实施方式。而是，本发明包括落入所附权利要求真正精神和范围内的所有替代方式、改进和等同形式。

Claims (37)

1.一种集成系统，包括：
氧流；
主控制燃料流；
主燃烧单元，其配置来接收和燃烧所述主控制燃料流和所述氧流，以产生具有二氧化碳和水的气态燃烧流；
第一发电系统，其配置来接收所述气态燃烧流并至少产生压缩的气态的基本上二氧化碳流；
第二发电系统，其配置来从所述气态燃烧流接收热能并将所述热能转化成至少一个单位的能量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括换热单元，其配置来接收所述气态燃烧流，从所述气态燃烧流提取所述热能，并将所述热能传递至所述第二发电系统。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述换热单元将所述热能传递至所述第二发电系统的压缩涡轮空气流，以形成热的压缩涡轮空气流。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述第二发电系统进一步包括补充燃烧单元，其配置来接收所述热的压缩涡轮空气流，接收补充控制燃料流，并燃烧所述热的压缩涡轮空气流与所述补充控制燃料流以形成燃烧器排出流。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，进一步包括用于接收所述燃烧器排出流的膨胀器，其中所述补充燃烧单元配置来在基本上等于所述膨胀器的优选操作入口温度的温度下向所述膨胀器提供所述燃烧器排出流。
6.根据权利要求4所述的系统，进一步包括用于接收所述燃烧器排出流的膨胀器，其中所述补充燃烧单元配置来在低于所述膨胀器的优选操作入口温度的温度下向所述膨胀器提供所述燃烧器排出流。
7.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中所述主控制燃料流和所述补充控制燃料流由单个共用燃料源供应。
8.根据权利要求4所述的系统，进一步包括重整器，其配置来接收流和反应燃料源并进一步配置来产生氢，其中至少部分所述氢用于所述补充控制燃料流。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中所述氢的另一部分被捕获以再出售。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括重整器，其配置来接收流和反应燃料源并进一步配置来产生氢，其中至少部分重整器产品、所述氢、或二者，用于所述主控制燃料流。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括产生所述氧流的空气分离单元。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述氧流在所述主燃烧单元中燃烧之前被加压。
13.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中当所述氧流被所述主燃烧单元接收时，所述氧流的压力基本上等于大气压。
14.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述空气分离单元也产生氮流并且所述氮流被注入压力保持储层。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中所述第二发电系统包括补充燃烧单元，其配置来接收补充控制燃料流并且所述补充控制燃料流从所述压力保持储层产生。
16.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中至少部分所述压缩的气态的基本上二氧化碳流再循环回到所述主燃烧单元。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统，其中来自至少一个外部源的废气与所述压缩的气态的基本上二氧化碳流混合。
18.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中至少部分所述压缩的气态的基本上二氧化碳流被注入储层。
19.根据权利要求18所述的系统，其中所述主控制燃料流从所述储层产生。
20.根据权利要求18所述的系统，其中来自至少一个外部源的废气与所述压缩的气态的基本上二氧化碳流混合。
21.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述第二发电系统包括：
压缩机，其配置来接收空气源并产生压缩的涡轮空气流；
换热单元，其配置来接收所述气态燃烧流，从所述气态燃烧流提取热能，并将所述热能传递至所述压缩的涡轮空气流，以形成热的压缩涡轮空气流；和
膨胀器，其配置来接收所述热的压缩涡轮空气流并产生燃气轮机排气。
22.根据权利要求21所述的系统，其中所述换热单元是陶瓷换热器并且所述热的压缩涡轮空气流的温度基本上等于所述膨胀器的优选操作入口温度。
23.根据权利要求21所述的系统，其中所述热的压缩涡轮空气流的温度基本上低于所述膨胀器的优选操作入口温度。
24.根据权利要求21所述的系统，进一步包括补充燃烧单元，其配置来从所述换热单元接收所述热的压缩涡轮空气流，和通过燃烧补充控制燃料流增加所述热的压缩涡轮空气流的温度。
25.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中水流从所述气态燃烧流的水产生并且所述水流被注入储层以增强烃采收。
26.根据权利要求25所述的系统，其中所述水流是低盐浓度水流。
27.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中从所述气态燃烧流的水产生水流并且所述水流与井作业、钻井、工厂冷却和蒸汽系统的至少一种结合使用。
28.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述氧流包含空气。
29.具有能量产生的低排放烃采收方法，所述方法包括下列步骤：
产生具有二氧化碳和水的气态燃烧流；
产生压缩空气流；
从所述气态燃烧流传热至所述压缩空气流，以形成冷却的气态燃烧流和热的压缩空气流；
使用第一发电系统从所述冷却的气态燃烧流产生能量、水流和二氧化碳流；
使用第二发电系统从所述热的压缩空气流产生能量；和
将至少部分所述二氧化碳流注入储层以增加烃生产。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法，进一步包括在从所述第二发电系统产生能量之前升高所述热的压缩空气流的温度的步骤。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中使用补充燃烧单元升高所述热的压缩空气流的温度。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法，其中所述补充燃烧单元配置来接收并燃烧重整器产生的氢燃料源。
33.根据权利要求29所述的方法，其中从所述气态燃烧流传热至所述压缩空气流通过换热单元进行。
34.根据权利要求29所述的方法，其中通过燃烧氧和燃料的混合物的主燃烧单元产生具有二氧化碳和水的所述气态燃烧流。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中所述氧通过空气分离单元产生。
36.根据权利要求34所述的方法，其中所述氧被提供为空气。
37.根据权利要求34所述的方法，进一步包括步骤：使至少部分所述二氧化碳流再循环至所述主燃烧单元，以调节所述主燃烧单元中的燃烧温度。
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