CN105189942B - 处理排放物以提高油采收率 - Google Patents

处理排放物以提高油采收率 Download PDF

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CN105189942B
CN105189942B CN201480011636.4A CN201480011636A CN105189942B CN 105189942 B CN105189942 B CN 105189942B CN 201480011636 A CN201480011636 A CN 201480011636A CN 105189942 B CN105189942 B CN 105189942B
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water vapour
hydrocarbon
water
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CN105189942A (zh
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R·A·亨廷顿
R·D·丹顿
P·D·麦克马洪
L·K·波拉
J·L·迪克森
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ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
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    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
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    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F01K17/025—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic in combination with at least one gas turbine, e.g. a combustion gas turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/12—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled
    • F01K23/14—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled including at least one combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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Abstract

用于产生烃生产用水蒸汽的方法。该方法包括利用来自燃气轮机系统排放料流的热量产生水蒸汽。水流从排放料流中燃烧产物冷凝出来，以及该水流用作补给水用于生产水蒸汽。

Description

处理排放物以提高油采收率
相关申请的相互引用
本申请要求2013年3月8日提交的名称为“处理排放物以提高油采收率”的美国专利申请61/775,167的优先权权益,其全部引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本技术作例证的实施方案涉及从联合循环发电厂回收废热用于提高油采收率的技术。
背景技术
本部分意图是介绍本领域的各方面,其可以与本技术例证性实施方案有关。据信本论述有助于提供框架以促进更好理解本技术的具体方面。因此,很清楚本部分应该就此而论理解，而非必须作为现有技术的陈述。
通常被称为燃气轮机的布雷顿循环发动机可以适合于在近似化学计量的状态燃烧燃料而使排放气体再循环。由于由发动机排放产生的主要是具有低污染物含量的惰性气体，上述发动机称为超低排放技术(ULET)。一些ULET发动机应用燃气轮机的废热以产生压力倍增的过热蒸汽，其用于凝汽式汽轮机中产生额外的轴功率。在公开号为WO2012003079的国际专利申请中,上述方案被公开以及称为联合循环发电(CCPG)。实施CCPG的发电厂称为联合循环发电厂或者,简称为,联合循环电厂。燃气轮机联合循环电厂相当高效以及与诸如煤以及核电之类的其它技术相比，可以在相对低成本的情况下运行。
蒸汽轮机在联合循环电厂中依靠高质量的,即,干燥的水蒸汽运行最高效。干燥水蒸汽产生需要基本上不含诸如矿物、盐、以及二氧化硅之类的污染物的水进料。尽管在ULET发动机中水作为燃烧过程副产品产生,但是这水质量低劣以及因此不容易被蒸汽轮机锅炉使用。水净化成本常常价格高昂因而常常该水被简单丢弃。而且,尽管在联合循环电厂中蒸汽轮机产生排放水,此水也是低品质的以及因此在许多情况下被丢弃。
另外,尽管使用燃气轮机的废热以产生另外的轴功率而不是只将它排放，使联合循环发电厂总效率改善,但是该废热存在更经济的应用。然而,当前的联合循环电厂不具备条件应用该废热或者与该废热一起产生水蒸汽用于任何可供选择的目的。
例如,Earnest的美国专利US4,271,664公开了具有废气再循环的轮机发动机。该发动机具有开环布雷顿循环运行的主动力汽轮机。供给到该主动力汽轮机的空气供给来自闭环朗肯循环汽轮机独立驱动的压缩机，其从布雷顿汽轮机排放物取得热能。在部分负荷运行期间一部分排放气体再循环进入压缩机进口之内。然而,没有废热或者与该废热一起产生的水蒸汽的其它应用被公开。
发明内容
本申请公开的实施方案提供使用联合循环发电厂产生用于烃生产的水蒸汽的方法。该方法包括使用来自燃气轮机系统排放料流的热量产生水蒸汽、由排放料流中燃烧产物冷凝出水流、以及使用该水流作为用于产生水蒸汽的补给水。
另一实施方案提供在烃生产中使用联合循环电厂排放物的方法。该方法包括使用来自联合循环电厂中燃气轮机系统排放料流的废热产生水蒸汽以及由排放料流冷凝出水流。该水流用作产生水蒸汽的补给料流。蒸汽轮机由至少一部分水蒸汽驱动以及至少另一部分水蒸汽注入烃类储层用于热力开采过程。
另一实施方案提供用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统。该系统包括燃气轮机系统，设置其以产生作为燃烧副产物的热的排放料流。系统也包括热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)，设置其以利用该热的排放料流产生水蒸汽料流,其中该HRSG由在该热的排放料流中的燃烧产物产生冷凝物料流。设置进料系统以利用该冷凝物料流作为提供至HRSG的至少一部分补给水以产生该水蒸汽料流。
附图说明
通过参照以下详细说明以及附图更好理解本技术优势,其中:
附图1是具有水蒸汽产生热电联供设施的热力开采系统应用开发图解示意图；
附图2是另一开发简化方框图，其图解了该开发的热电联合装置详图；
附图3是另一开发简化方框图，其图解了该开发的热电联合装置详图；
附图4是附图3开发的一部分的简化方框图，其图解了按照第一实施方案所述开发的HRSG详图；
附图5是附图3开发的一部分的简化方框图，其图解了按照第二实施方案所述开发的HRSG详图；
附图6是在联合循环发电厂中利用废热方法的工艺流程图；以及
附图7是在联合循环发电厂中利用废热方法的另一工艺流程图。
发明详述
在下文中详细说明部分,公开本技术的具体实施方案。然而,在以下说明具体至本技术特定的实施方案或者特定的应用的程度上,这意图是仅用于作例证以及简单提供作例证的实施方案的说明。因此,该技术不局限于如下所述的特定实施方案,而是包括附加权利要求书真实精神以及范围内的全部替代、改进以及等同物。
首先,为便于参考,所显示的是用于本申请某些特定的术语以及它们的如本文上下文所用的意思。本申请使用术语的含义范围不局限于以下,应该给与本领域技术人员曾给与该术语最宽的定义，如在至少一种印刷出版物或者颁发专利所反映的那样。此外,该本技术不限制如下显示术语的使用,因为起相同或者相似效果的全部同等物、同义词、新发展以及术语或者技术，被认为在本权利要求书范围之内。
"沥青"是自然存在的重油材料。它常常是在油砂中存在的烃组分。沥青成分不同，这取决于更多挥发性组分的损失程度。它可以从非常粘性、焦油状、半固体材料至固体形式变化。在沥青中存在的烃类型可以包括脂肪烃、芳烃、树脂、以及沥青烯。一般的沥青组成可以是:
19重量％(wt.％)脂肪烃,其可以是5wt.％-30wt.％,或者更多；
19wt.％沥青烯,其可以是5wt.％-30wt.％,或者更多；
30wt.％芳烃,其可以是15wt.％-50wt.％,或者更多；
32wt.％树脂,其可以是15wt.％-50wt.％,或者更多；以及
一些数量的硫,其可以多于7wt.％。
此外，沥青可以包含一些水以及氮化合物，其从少于0.4wt.％至多于0.7wt.％。金属含量，尽管量少，但可以要除去以避免污染产物合成原油(SCO)。镍可以从少于75ppm(百万分之一)至多于200ppm变化。钒可以是少于200ppm至多于500ppm。在沥青中存在烃类型的百分比可以变化。
该"克拉克热水提取方法"或者"CHWE"最初开发用于从油砂分离沥青,基于Dr.K.A.Clark的工作,以及在论文中由Corti等公开,"Athabasca Mineable Oil Sands:The RTR/Gulf Extraction Process Theoretical Model of Bitumen Detachment,"The4th UNITAR/UNDP International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar SandsProceedings,第5卷,Edmonton,AB,8月7-12日,1988年,第41-44,71页。该方法,也公开在美国专利US 4,946,597中,对油砂连同水以及苛性碱一起应用剧烈机械搅拌以使该颗粒瓦解以及形成淤浆,在其之后该淤浆通过分离槽用于浮选沥青,从其撇取出沥青。该方法可以在环境温度下操作,调整剂加入该淤浆。早期方法使用温度为85℃及以上连同剧烈机械搅拌以及能效非常低。化学品添加剂、特别是碱已经用以辅助此方法。
"联合循环发电厂"或者"CCPP"(本申请也称为"联合循环发电厂")包括燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机、发电机、以及热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)、以及应用蒸汽-燃气轮机二者产生电力。该燃气轮机按开放或者半封闭式的布雷顿循环运行，以及该蒸汽轮机按朗肯循环运行。联合循环发电厂利用来自该燃气轮机排放物热量以使在HRSG中水沸腾产生水蒸汽。使用所产生水蒸汽以给蒸汽轮机以动力。在给该蒸汽轮机以动力之后,该水蒸汽可以冷凝以及所得到的水返回至HRSG。该燃气轮机以及该蒸汽轮机可以分别使用以独立给发电机以动力,或者在替换的实施方案中,该蒸汽轮机可以与该燃气轮机组合经由共同传动轴以共同驱动单一发电机。与朗肯-循环或者仅水蒸汽发电厂相比较，这些联合循环气体/蒸汽发电厂通常具有更高能量转换效率。目前,简单循环发电厂效率可以超过44％，而联合循环发电厂效率可超过60％。燃气轮机与蒸汽轮机联合协同使用产生更高联合循环效率。
"压缩机"是通过使用功(即,压缩)增加气体压力的机械。因此,低压气体(例如在约35kPa)可以压缩成高压气体(例如约6,895kPa)用于通过管道传输、注入油井之内、或者其它过程。
如本文所用的,"冷凝物"包括由水蒸汽凝结形成的液态水。水蒸汽也可夹带水滴形式液态水。此夹带水也可称为冷凝物,因为它产生于水蒸汽冷凝,尽管该夹带水滴也可来源于在锅炉中液态水向水蒸汽不完全转化。
"周期注蒸汽增产"或"CSS"(又名"蒸汽吞吐"法)指热原地开采过程，其中井是通过循环蒸汽注入、经受长时间热处理、以及抽吸原油产品。具体说,CSS包括经由水平井在长时间的时段(例如数周至数月)内循环引入高温(例如约300℃-400℃)水蒸汽进入储层之内。这可以容许该水蒸汽加热该矿化层以及使该油类液化。然后该油类可以在地面上采出。该生产以及因此该油类开采可以经由位于更深深度的另一水平井进行。
"脱水装置"是用于从气体混合物除去呈气态或者液态形式的水的装置。"脱水"公开宽泛的任何含水量降低。一般,脱水含烃原料可以使大部分该含水量基本上除去,例如,少于约5％体积水或者少于约1％，这取决于该特定的原料以及初始含水量。就某些气体料流而言，比1％少得多的含水量可以是合乎需要的。
"开发"是利用整合的地面设施开采烃以及长期规划的方案。尽管可以包括多紧邻的储层,但是该开发可以涉及单一烃储层。
"富集"当应用于任何从过程离开的料流时意指所排放料流包含特定组分的浓度高于在向该过程进料料流中那个组分的浓度。
如本文所用,"作例证的"指"作为实例,举例,或者例证说明"。"作例证的"任何本申请公开的实施方案不认为是更优选的或者比其它实施方案更有利的。
"设施"表示物理设备实体件经由其烃流体或者由储层产生或者注入到储层。它的最宽泛的意义,该术语装备用于在储层和它的输出口之间的流动通道存在的任何设备，其或者是烃流体进入该储层位置(注入流体)或者离开该储层位置(产出流体)。装备可以包括生产油井、注入井、油井管、井口设备、收集管线、总管、泵、压缩机、表面流动管线、以及输出口。如本文所用,装备也可包括气体净化单元、比如酸性气体分离单元、深冷分离系统、或者脱水装置。在有些情况下,该术语"地面装备"用来区分其除油井之外的装备。"装备网络"是存在于系统中的装备全部集合,其会包括全部油井以及在井口以及输出口之间地面装备。
该术语"气体"可与"蒸气"互换使用，以及意指呈与液态或者固态不同的气态的物质或者物质混合物。同样,该术语"液体"意指呈与气态或者固态不同的液态的物质或者物质混合物。
"热回收蒸汽发生器"或者"HRSG"是换热器或者锅炉,其从高温气体料流回收热量。它产生的水蒸汽可被用于加工或者用于驱动蒸汽轮机。HRSG普遍应用是联合循环发电厂,其中来自燃气轮机的热排放物输送至HRSG以产生水蒸汽，其反过来驱动蒸汽轮机。如本申请公开那样,HRSG可以用以向诸如CSS或者SAGD之类的提高原油采收率方法提供水蒸汽。
"重油"包括美国石油学会(API)分类为重油或者超重油类的油类。通常,重油具有的API重力在22.3°(密度为920kg/m3或者0.920g/cm3)至10.0°(密度为1,000kg/m3或者1g/cm3)之间。超重油,通常,具有的API重力小于10.0°(密度大于1,000kg/m3或者大于1g/cm3)。例如,重油来源包括油砂或者沥青砂,其是粘土、沙、水、以及沥青的混合。重油热力开采基于提高温度或者溶剂浓度流体粘度减小。一旦粘度减小,通过水蒸汽、热水驱、或者重力的流体运动成为可能。粘度减小使得排流更快速以及因此直接有助于采收率。
"烃"是有机化合物，其主要包括氢以及碳元素,然而氮、硫、氧、金属、或者许多其它的元素也可以少量存在。如本文所用,烃泛指有机材料，其获得自称为储油、气层的包含烃的下地表岩石层。例如,天然气、原油、以及煤是烃。
"烃生产"或者"生产"指与从油井或者其它的孔道采掘烃有关的任何活动。烃生产通常指在油井完工之后在油井之中或者之上实施的任何活动。因此,烃生产或者提取所包括的不仅有第一次烃类提取而且有第二次以及第三次生产技术,比如气体或者液体注入用于提高驱动压力、使该烃流动或者通过例如化学品或者水力压裂该井身进行处理以促进流动性提高、井维修、测井、以及其它的井以及井眼处理。
该术语"天然气"指从原油井(伴生气)、从地下的含气地层(非伴生气)、或者从煤层获得气体。天然气该成分以及压力差异显著。一般的天然气料流包含甲烷(CH4)作为重要组分。粗天然气可同时包含乙烷(C2H6)、高分子量烃、酸性气体(比如二氧化碳、硫化氢、二硫化碳、以及硫醇)、以及诸如水、氮、硫化铁、蜡、以及粗原油之类的污染物。
"压力"是由气体施加于容器壁上每一单位面积上的力。压力可以显示为千帕(kPa)。
如本文所用,"朗肯循环发电厂"包括蒸汽发生器、气轮机、冷凝器、以及循环泵。例如当该蒸汽是水蒸汽时,"朗肯循环发电厂"包括蒸汽发生器、蒸汽轮机、蒸汽冷凝器、以及锅炉给水水泵。水蒸汽用来从该蒸汽轮机驱动发电机发电。然后该减压水蒸汽在该蒸汽冷凝器中冷凝。所得到的水再循环至该蒸汽发生器以完成该循环。
"储油气层"或者"储层"一般是包括砂岩、石灰石、白垩、煤、以及一些种类的页岩的产油层。产油层厚度可以从小于1英尺(0.3048米)到数百英尺(数百米)。储层渗透性提供采油可能性。
"固存"属于方法副产物的气体或者流体被存储而非排放该流体至大气或者开放环境。例如,如本申请公开那样,由烃的燃烧或者水蒸汽重整形成的二氧化碳气体可以固存在地下层、比如煤床中。
"蒸汽辅助重力驱油"或者"SAGD"是一种热力开采方法，其中水蒸汽注入到第一油井以降低种重油粘度，以及流体从第二油井回收。两油井通常在地层中横卧,以及第一油井位于第二油井之上。因此,粘度降低的重油在地心引力下向下流至第二油井,尽管压差在各种的应用中可以提供一些推动力。
该术语"水蒸汽溢注"和术语"水蒸汽注入"同义。两术语所述技术是水蒸汽注入到地下层以促使粘性的烃流动性提高。
如本文所用,"蒸汽发生器"可以包括用于直接或作为另一方法的一部分而为方法装备产生水蒸汽的许多装置。蒸汽发生器可以包括例如热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG),以及单程蒸汽发生器(OTSG)等。该水蒸汽可以按许多质量水平产生。通过转化成蒸汽的冷水料流的质量分数来调整蒸汽品质。例如,80％质量水蒸汽具有近80重量％的给水变为蒸汽。该水蒸汽作为湿水蒸汽产生，其包含水蒸汽蒸汽以及伴生冷凝物(或者水)两者。该湿水蒸汽可以通过分离器以产生干燥水蒸汽,即,无夹带冷凝物。由于分离,该分离器也产生液体冷凝物料流。
如本文所用,"水蒸汽系统"包括一个或多个蒸汽发生器，从共同的给水源以及水蒸汽进料到共同的出口而并行运行。该水蒸汽系统可以包括并联的任意个数或者种类的蒸汽发生器。一般,水蒸汽系统的并联的蒸汽发生器产生水蒸汽质量水平相似。
"基本上"如果用于原料的量或者数量，或者其特定的特征,则指足够为该原料或者特征所需要提供效果的数量。可容许的确切的偏差度以有时取决于具体的上下文。
如本文所用,"热力开采过程"包括任意种类烃类开采过程，其使用热源以提高开采量,例如,通过降低烃粘度。这些过程可以基于高温水、湿水蒸汽、或者、或者干燥水蒸汽中单独或者任意组合。此外,任何组分可以与溶剂组合以提高开采量。上述过程可以包括地表下方法、比如蒸汽吞吐增产法(CSS)、蒸汽注入、以及SAGD等,以及利用地面方法的方法、比如下表层开采以及露天开采。
"井"或者"井眼"指通过钻孔或者将管路插入地表下而在地表下产生的孔。该术语当指地层开口时是可互换的。井可以具有基本上圆形截面、或者其它横截面形状。井可以是下套管的、下套管以及注水泥的、或者裸井以及可以是任意类型，包括但不限于开采井、注入井、试验井以及勘探钻井、或者相似的。井可以垂直的、水平的、或者在垂直和水平之间任意角(斜井)，例如垂直井可以包括非垂直部分。
发明综述
本申请公开的实施方案将联合循环电厂产生水蒸汽技术扩展至用于在联合循环电厂燃气轮机系统轴上产生额外轴功率之外的目的。例如,在各种的实施方案中,联合循环电厂的HRSG产生湿水蒸汽,即,水蒸汽质量等于或者小于1,用于烃热力开采方法,比如CSS方法或者SAGD方法。通过上述方法开采的烃一般是粘性的烃，包括重油、焦油、或者沥青。HRSG根据在烃类开采方法的不同阶段中湿水蒸汽以及动力需求量，也可产生干燥水蒸汽用于产生另外的轴功率。例如,HRSG可以设计成能转化50％可得到的废热至干燥水蒸汽以为附近的重油升级、泵或者压缩装备提供额外的电力生产以及将该残存废热转换以产生湿水蒸汽用于热力开采方法。而且,HRSG设计可以灵活控制来自该干燥水蒸汽系统蒸汽流量,例如通过控制蒸汽罐和/或蒸汽盘管的压力,以影响在该干燥以及湿水蒸汽系统之间传热平衡。例如,通过提高在该罐以及蒸汽盘管中该干燥水蒸汽压,由于沸点的温度越高，干燥水蒸汽沸腾离开越少，由此在HRSG中剩下更多废热以产生另外的湿水蒸汽。
HRSG使来自联合循环发电厂的排放料流冷却,其导致在燃烧中形成的水冷凝下来。料流进一步冷却,例如在废气再循环系统中,可以从排放的气体除去更多水。该冷凝水、或者冷凝物可以净化以及用作水源用于生产水蒸汽。许多烃生产过程位于水利资源有限区域,这可以为过程提供辅助的水源。
许多技术已经开发用于由地表下层利用热力开采操作生产重油。热力开采操作在全世界使用以从砂岩和碳酸盐岩储层两者采出液烃。这些操作包括该常规全套基于水蒸汽就地热采技术、比如CSS、水蒸汽注入、以及SAGD以及露天采矿以及它们的相关的基于热力的地面提取技术。
SAGD技术基于经由第一井连续注入水蒸汽以降低重油粘度以及由低标高的第二井连续生产重油。在SAGD中,两水平井进入该储层之内。该两井最初在储层内部垂直钻至不同的深度。其后,利用定向钻进技术,该两井水平方向延伸产生两水平井,垂直间隔,然而别样的是互相垂直对齐。理想的是,该生产井坐落在该储层的基础以上但是尽可能接近储层底部,以及该注入井位于用来生产的水平井以上的垂直方向10至30英尺(3-10米)。
上部水平井用作注入井以及自地表供给水蒸汽。该水蒸汽从该注入井发源,渗透该储层以形成蒸汽腔，其长时间朝该储层层顶,由此在储层之内温度升高。该水蒸汽、以及它的冷凝物、使储层升温以及因此降低在该储层中重油粘度。然后该重油以及冷凝水蒸汽在重力作用下经由该储层向下排放以及可以流入更低的开采井之中,藉此，只可以将这些液体泵送至地面。在该油井的外部,该冷凝水蒸汽以及重油分离，以及该重油可以用轻质烃稀释用于管道输送。
由于在SAGD中独特的井眼构造,由于该重力的影响，任何随该水蒸汽注入到该储层的冷凝物会直接下落到下面的开采井，以及由此无助于烃的开采。由于此原因,在诸如Alberta的Athabasca地区运行那些之类的SAGD工程项目中,当前的惯例是分离出冷凝物以及仅将水蒸汽相注射进入注入井之内用于开采过程。在该冷凝物已经除去之后，该水蒸汽相通常称为干燥水蒸汽。
在各种实施方案中,联合循环电厂的HRSG包括两个水蒸汽生成系统,各自进料不同品质的水以及产生相应不同品质水蒸汽。例如,产生低品质水蒸汽第一料流可用于烃类开采过程,而产生高质量水蒸汽第二料流可用于燃气轮机系统中产生额外的轴功率。第一以及第二料流的水蒸汽可以同时产生或者,在有些情况下,仅产生一种料流。在各料流中产生的水蒸汽数量可以取决于烃类开采和/或电力生产所需要程度。另外,作为在联合循环电厂中燃烧副产物产生的冷凝水和/或由联合循环电厂蒸汽轮机产生的排放水可以用作给水用于产生低品质度水蒸汽而不是简单丢弃。
利用来自联合循环电厂废热提高油开采量
附图1是开发100示意图，图解应用具有产生水蒸汽的热电联合装置的热力开采系统。该热力开采系统图解包括露天开采102以及提取开采方法两者,以及地表下热力开采方法104,比如蒸汽吞吐增产法(CSS)或者蒸汽辅助重力驱油(SAGD)。地表下热力开采方法104允许从储层106开采烃的储层106太深，难以露天采矿。本申请公开技术显然不局限于这些组合,或者这些具体的技术,因为许多技术或者技术组合可以用于本申请公开实施方案中。例如,SAGD 104开采方法可以代替为蒸汽吞吐增产法(CSS)开采方法或者其它的热力开采方法。
露天开采102可以用于达到储层106接近于地面的一部分,而地下的104开采可以用于抽取在储层106处于更深深度部分中的烃。然而，如果该储层不具有任何通过露天开采可轻易接近的部分,则露天开采102开采过程可以省略。
在开发100中,热电联合装置108用来产生动力和水蒸汽110,其可以提供至地面的分离装置112以及注入装置114。水蒸汽110可以仅包括湿水蒸汽或者包括湿水蒸汽以及干燥水蒸汽二者,例如,从水蒸汽产生设备108在不同的管中运输的。
露天开采102应用重型设备116以从储层106除去包含原料118的烃,比如油砂。包含原料的烃在该分离装置112处卸下,其中热力过程,比如克拉克热水提取(CHWE)方法等,可以使用以从尾料料流122分离出烃料流120。尾料料流122可以送到尾料池124,或者可以注入到地面下的层用于排放。水流126可以再循环至水蒸汽产生设备108。该提取方法可以利用来自热电联合装置108的湿水蒸汽。
该地表下热力开采方法104注射水蒸汽110进入该储层之内经由注入井128以产生烃。该注入使储层106的部分130升温以降低烃131的粘度,容许烃131流向收集井132。尽管,为了清楚起见，在图1中注入井128以及收集井132显示为来源于不同的位置，这些油井128以及132可以从相同地面的平台钻井以能够更容易在油井128以及132之间跟踪轨迹。而且,如果该地表下热力开采方法104是CSS,单一油井可以既用于水蒸汽注入又用于收集烃以及水蒸汽冷凝物。从储层106所得到的料流134可以包括烃131以及来自水蒸汽110的冷凝物。料流134可以在地面设备136处理以除去至少一些水。CSS方法可以使用较低品质,例如,高于约70％的水蒸汽，而SAGD方法使用较高品质例如，高于约90％的水蒸汽,或者来自在该热电联合装置108处蒸汽发生器的干燥水蒸汽。
来自地表下热力开采方法的烃料流138以及水料流140可以送到运输设备142,其可以在向进一步处理的设备输送可销售的烃106之前，为输入料流120、138以及140提供进一步的分离以及纯化。所得到的方法用水144可以返回到在热电联合装置108的蒸汽发生器以再循环。
图1示意图不是打算表明开发100包括所有显示在图1中的组件。此外,该开发100可以包括许多图1未显示的额外组件，这取决于具体实施的细节。
附图2是另一开发200的简化方框图，其图解了开发200的热电联合装置202详图。该热电联合装置202可以相当于图1的热电联合装置108。热电联合装置202包括燃气轮机系统204,其可以称为生产动力的半封闭式的布雷顿循环。在各种的实施方案中,燃气轮机系统204包括燃烧室(未显示)用于燃烧与压缩氧化剂208混合的燃料206。燃料206可以包括任何合适的烃气体或者液体，比如天然气、甲烷、乙烷、石脑油、丁烷、丙烷、合成气、柴油、煤油、航空燃料、煤衍生燃料、生物燃料、用氧饱和了的烃原料进料、或者其任何组合。氧化剂208可以包括任何合适的包含氧气的气体、比如空气、富氧空气、氧气-贫化空气、纯氧、或者其任何组合。
除燃烧室之外,燃气轮机系统204包括主压缩机以及膨胀器(未显示)。燃气轮机系统燃烧室204产生废气210,其可以输送至任意多种的装置和/或设备在回到燃气轮机系统204的废气再循环(EGR)系统中。由于排放气体210经由燃气轮机系统204膨胀器膨胀,它产生机械动力驱动燃气轮机系统204主压缩机以及发电机212，例如经由轴214。诸如泵、压缩机、和/或其它设备之类的其它系统也可由该机械动力驱动。
在一些执行过程中(未显示在附图2中),该EGR系统可以包括压缩机。与常规的风扇或者鼓风系统相反,压缩机可以压缩以及提高排放气体的整体密度,由此将加压或者压缩的再循环废气216导入燃气轮机系统204之内的主压缩机。压缩再循环废气216可用于通过调节燃烧产物温度来帮助促进氧化剂208以及燃料206按.化学计量或者基本上按化学计量燃烧。
热电联合装置202的EGR系统包括热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)218,或者类似装置。热回收蒸汽发生器218输送水蒸汽220第一料流至蒸汽轮机222。在各种的实施方案中,HRSG218以及蒸汽轮机222组合是供应动力的封闭朗肯循环的一部分。该气态的排放料流210引入HRSG 218以及用于产生水蒸汽220的第一料流以及再循环废气216。HRSG 218可以任选包括催化剂系统以降低残余的氧气、一氧化碳、氢气、未燃烃、或者废气210中其它不完全燃烧的产物。
在一些实施方案中,水蒸汽220第一料流送到汽轮机222,如所示,以产生额外的机械动力。额外的机械动力可用于驱动独立的发电机。可替换的是,蒸汽轮机222可以偶联,例如,经由变速箱,至燃气轮机系统204的轴214以补充通过燃气轮机系统204产生的机械能。在一些实施方案中,水蒸汽220的第一料流是干燥水蒸汽(即，高品质水蒸汽),其相对于湿水蒸汽而言，减少在蒸汽轮机222之中结垢以及相关损伤的可能性。
HRSG 218也输送水蒸汽224第二料流至热力开采系统226以促进从储层或者从储层除去的原料开采粘性烃类。该热力开采系统226可以执行SAGD方法、蒸汽驱油方法、CSS方法、CHWE方法、或者类似方法。在一些实施方案中,水蒸汽224第二料流是湿水蒸汽(即低品质水蒸汽),如所示。然而,如参考附图4更详细描述的那样,水蒸汽第二料流可以替换为干燥料流。该热电联合装置202不局限于输送水蒸汽第二料流224至热力开采系统226。此外或者可替换的是,该热电联合装置202可以输送水蒸汽第二料流224、或者水蒸汽第三料流至系统，该系统在加热过程、过程加热方法和/或汽提方法应用中使用水蒸汽料流。
附图2方框图不想要表明工程开发200包括附图2显示的全部部件。此外,开发200可包括许多附图2未显示的额外部件，取决于具体实施的细节。例如,开发200可以包括许多额外的阀门、变速箱、传感器、控制系统、冷凝器、或者类似物。
附图3是另一开发300简化方框图，其图解开发300的热电联合装置302详图。在附图3中某些部件具有与附图2相应部件相同作用，以及因此按与附图2相同附图标记进行标注。例如,开发300的热电联合装置302包括燃气轮机系统204。燃气轮机系统204可以包括燃烧室用于使与压缩氧化剂208混合的燃料206燃烧。燃气轮机系统204的燃烧室产生排放气体210，其可输送至返回至燃气轮机系统204的废气再循环(EGR)系统304中的任意多个装置和/或设备。当排放气体210膨胀通过燃气轮机系统204膨胀器时，它产生机械动力通过轴214驱动燃气轮机系统204主压缩机以及发电机212。
EGR系统304流体连接至HRSG 218以输送以及处理部分冷却燃气轮机排放气体216回到燃气轮机系统204。EGR系统304可包括各种部件(未显示)，诸如降低排放气体温度至约4-66摄氏度(℃)的直接接触冷却器或者管壳式换热器或者空气翅片换热器之类的排放气体冷却器、除去来自该排放气体的粉末或者碎片的喷水器、和/或除去来自在管线216中冷却再循环排放气体的水滴以及雾的惯性分离器。EGR系统304也可包括鼓风机、风扇、或者压缩机以使再循环排放气体压力增加约1-21千帕。鼓风机、风扇、或者压缩机可压缩和提高再循环排放气体的整体密度,由此在管线216中引导加压或者压缩的再循环排放气体进入燃气轮机系统204的主压缩机之内。该密封再循环排放的气体可通过中等的燃烧产物的温度用于帮助促进氧化剂208以及燃料206按化学计量的或者基本上按化学计量燃烧。
热电联合装置302的HRSG 218产生以及输送水蒸汽220第一料流至蒸汽轮机222以产生额外的机械动力。额外的机械动力可用于驱动独立的发电机。可替换的是,蒸汽轮机222可以偶联，例如，经由变速箱，至燃气轮机系统204的轴214以增加通过燃气轮机系统204产生的机械能。其它的系统可以由诸如泵、压缩机、和/或其它的设备之类的机械动力驱动。
HRSG 222也产生以及输送在线水蒸汽第二料流224至热力开采系统226以促进从储层开采粘性烃。热力开采系统226可以执行SAGD方法、水蒸汽注满方法、CSS方法、CHWE方法等。
在一些实施方案中,水蒸汽220第一料流是高品质水蒸汽,以及水蒸汽224第二料流是低品质水蒸汽。此外或者可替换的是,热电联合装置302可以输送水蒸汽224第二料流、或者水蒸汽第三料流,至系统，该系统在公用工程加热过程、工艺加热过程、和/或汽提方法应用水蒸汽料流。
水回送系统306提供用于HRSG 218的供水的至少一部分308。水回送系统306接收由热力开采系统226产生的水310。由热力开采系统226产生的水310可以在输送至水回送系统306之前首先与其它的井产流体分离。水回送系统306可以通过过滤、汽提、pH控制和/或其它方式处理接收的水以致该它适合于用作HRSG 218供水。
至水回送系统306另一水源是在燃气轮机系统204之内燃料以及氧化剂燃烧产生的水。当再循环废气冷却时，在再循环废气216中至少一些水冷凝。此冷凝水312可以输送至水回送系统306用于处理用于补偿水蒸汽224流速以及所产生水310之间的不平衡。有时,冷凝水312可能超过用来补偿的数量，以及一些水可以输出或者存储，如通过箭头符号314表明的那样。在其它情况下,冷凝水312可能不足以及可以接收来自储罐或者外部的供给的补给水以补偿至热力开采系统226水蒸汽料流，如通过箭头符号314表明的那样。
水回送系统306也可包括水净化系统，用于制备水的部分308用作至HRSG 218的补给水。水净化系统可以使用许多本领域已知的系统以过滤该水、调整水pH、除去溶解的气体、除去溶解氧气、或者除去溶解固体。上述的技术可以包括,例如,热石灰软化，其可以通过迫使它们沉淀降低污染物浓度。许多其它的技术也可以单独或者以不同组合使用，包括过滤、汽提、蒸发纯化(蒸馏)、膜纯化、化学净化法、离子交换等。例如,来自排放气体再循环系统304以及HRSG 218的冷凝水312通常是低pH,例如,约4pH单位,由于排放气体中溶解的结果CO2。当水蒸汽形成时，该低pH可以造成HRSG 218损伤。为减少此问题,可以使用水蒸汽汽提器以除去该溶解CO2以及变换该pH更高级别。汽提也可以单独、或者与除氧剂结合使用以从用于HRSG 218供水部分308除去氧气以降低该热力开采过程226引入氧气的数量。此外,化学品,比如硫酸钠、碳酸钠、或者其它可以加入提高pH至约7至约9pH单位。
由热力开采过程226产生水310可以具有来自地层的悬浮或者溶解的固体、或者两者。悬浮固体可以通过使水310经过过滤装置、例如包括纤维或者陶瓷过滤器滤芯等而除去。溶解固体可以通过反渗透等已知的技术除去。在实施方案中,该溶解固体不除去，而是考虑穿过低品质水蒸汽发生器。低品质水蒸汽的产生,例如,70％-90％水蒸汽,很少会使水蒸汽发生器由于溶解固体而结垢。
通常,由于湿CSS水蒸汽不是过热的以及通常蒸汽干度为70至100％,CSS供水品质要求不是如返回到至蒸汽轮机发电系统供水或者用作至蒸汽轮机发电系统补偿供水那样严格。
HRSG 218可以包括两个水蒸汽生成系统，第一个用于蒸汽轮机222的水蒸汽220料流，以及第二个用于热力开采系统226水蒸汽224料流。第一水蒸汽生成系统可以使用高品质锅炉给水以产生高压、高度过热水蒸汽用于蒸汽轮机222，而在一些实施方案中热力开采系统226提供湿水蒸汽，以及因此需要低品质锅炉给水，其与产生自油气层的与蒸汽轮机222要求相比较水处理程度更低的再利用水一致。因此,水回送系统306可以处理以及产生一级质量水作为HRSG 218第一水蒸汽生成系统供水以及二级质量水作为HRSG 218第二水蒸汽生成系统供水。
此外，蒸汽轮机222通常需要较少水蒸汽吹扫以及因此水补给较少，而在某些热力开采系统中、比如CSS系统实际上具有大量连续吹扫(即通常产生湿水蒸汽)以及需要更多补给水以替代未从收该油气层中回收的水。因此，HRSG 218接收来自蒸汽轮机222水蒸汽排料316以及使用水蒸汽排料(blowdown)316作为热力开采系统226补给水。利用水蒸汽排料316作为补给水是通常排放做法的更好的变通方法，通常的做法浪费以及对环境具有不良影响。
燃气轮机系统204可以适合于从回收排放气体216取出吹洗料流318。而且,EGR系统304适合于在输送该回收排放气体216回到燃气轮机系统204之前，提取一部分回收排放气体222作为产品气体或者备用吹洗气流320。来自燃气轮机系统204吹洗料流318和/或来自EGR系统304的备用吹洗料流320流体连接到气体分离系统322。气体分离系统322可以任选包括效果相似于HRSG 218中所述系统的催化剂系统以进一步地除去保留在吹洗料流318和/或备用吹洗料流320中的不完全燃烧产物。
气体分离系统322可以接收吹洗料流318和/或备用吹洗料流320以及可以使用任意合适的气体分离技术以从在提取料流318以及320中惰性气体分离出CO2。合适的气体分离技术包括,但是不局限于,利用胺溶剂萃取、热的碳酸钾、或者其它的溶剂、分子筛分离法、以及固体吸附剂分离。气体分离系统322产物是富CO2料流324以及贫CO2料流326。在一些实施方案中,贫CO2料流326主要由惰性气体、比如氮气组成。这些分离的料流可以分别使用、相互结合使用、或者与其它开采井流体(例如天然气)一起使用，以改善在储层106或者另一紧邻的烃类储层中实施的烃热力开采方法。紧邻的储层可以是那些粘性的烃类储层106本地的或者在管道或者其它的输送方法经济输送距离之内的那些。
例如,富CO2料流324可以输送至储层混合灌注(reservoir miscible flood)方法328用于与水蒸汽,例如,在管线224中水蒸汽料流,组合注入储层之内。CO2与水蒸汽注入增产措施可以提高粘性烃的开采量，相对于单独水蒸汽增注措施。可替换的是,富CO2料流324可以用于销售、用于需要CO2另一方法、和/或进一步地压缩以及注入到陆生储层用于固存或者另一用途。贫CO2料流326可以输送至储层压力维持系统330用于维持储层106或者另一紧邻烃类储层的压力级别。
气体分离系统322可以从吹扫提取或者备用吹扫提取料流分离零到100％间的任何数量CO2。通过所使用的分离技术或者通过在专门应用中需要CO2或者惰性气体的数量可以确定分离百分比。在一些应用中,可以仅需要惰性气体，以及在气体分离系统322之内没有CO2分离技术可以使用。此外,气体分离系统322可以在类似于备用吹洗料流320低压下运行以及可以包括压缩机以提高富CO2324料流和/或贫CO2料流326的压力。可替换的是,该气体分离系统322可以在类似于吹洗料流318的高压下运行以降低该CO2分离设备尺寸以及包括产物料流要求的额外压缩。气体分离系统322也可通过压缩吹洗料流318或者320而比吹洗料流318或者320在更高下压运行以减小CO2分离设备尺寸以及减少或者消除对额外压缩的需要。一些CO2分离过程、比如热的碳酸钾(Hot Pot)只是在更高压下是经济的以及因此无压缩低压力提取对于这些方法是不可行的。另外,吹洗料流318或320可以注入到地下储层,在任何所需要的压缩和处理以后,用于增强烃类开采、压力维持、碳固存或者相似方法而无需通过气体分离系统322分离成为富CO2以及贫CO2的料流。料流318,320,324或者326在注入储层内之前需要进一步处理,比如脱水或者通过过滤、催化转化或者相似方法除去污染物。
在一些实施方案中,热电联合装置302包括控制系统或者多个控制系统(未显示)，其适合于控制燃料206以及氧化剂208输送至燃气轮机系统204的燃烧室以促使燃料以及氧化剂接近化学计量比率使燃烧当量比维持范围为0.8-1.2、0.9-1.1、0.95-1.05、或者优选0.99-1.02，同时也获得所要求的轴功率、温度、压力、流量或者相似目标。控制系统或者多个控制系统也可控制吹洗料流的流速318和/或320以在燃气轮机系统204、热回收蒸汽发生器218、以及EGR系统304之内保持流量或者压力或者相似平衡。
图3框图不是打算表明工程300包括所有显示在图3中的部件。此外,该工程300可以包括许多图3未显示的另外的部件，这取决于具体实施的细节。例如,该工程300可以包括许多另外的阀、变速箱、传感器、控制系统、冷凝器、或者类似物。
附图4是工程300的部分400简化方框图，其图解作例证的HRSG218。如上述附图公开的那样对部件作相同标号。在部分400中显示,HRSG 218产生在管线220中高品质料流管线220，由蒸汽轮机222使用，以及在管线224中低品质水蒸汽度料流，由热力开采系统226使用。相应地,水回送系统306处理水以产生两个供水料流。第一供水料流402相对于第二供水料流404具有低品质。在HRSG 218中的两个蒸汽发生器406以及408各自接收各自的供水料流以及分别在管线224以及220中产生两个水蒸汽料流。水蒸汽发生器406也接收来自蒸汽轮机228的水蒸汽排料316作为另一供水来源。
控制器(未显示)控制各蒸汽发生器406以及408产生的水蒸汽数量。例如,如果电力需求量大于对烃类开采的需要,则该控制器开放以及关闭合适的阀以引导大部分来自在管线216中排放气体的热量到水蒸汽发生器408,其产生水蒸汽用于蒸汽轮机222。相反地,如果废热在烃开采中具有更大经济用途,则大部分热量送往水蒸汽发生器406，其产生用于热力开采系统。可替换的是,通过控制水蒸汽料流220(优选)水蒸汽罐压力或者在单一HRSG中水蒸汽料流224水蒸汽罐压力而无需控制HRSGs间排放物流可以获得相似结果。通过提高在水蒸汽罐中压力，水蒸汽沸腾温度提高以及在相连蒸汽盘管中热量转移较少以及在那些盘管中产生较少水蒸汽。因此,更多热量残存在废气流中以在其它水蒸汽盘管中产生更多水蒸汽。由此通过控制来自水蒸汽罐水蒸汽以及影响在各料流罐中压力，可以控制在干燥与湿水蒸汽系统中产生的水蒸汽数量。
附图5是开发300的部分500简化方框图，其图解另一作例证的HRSG 218的构造。相同的标号项目是如早先的图8A公开那样。如附图4显示部分400,附图5显示部分500,HRSG218产生高品质水蒸汽料流220,由蒸汽轮机222应用,以及低品质水蒸汽料流224,由热力开采系统应用226。然而,在此实施例中,水回送系统306处理水以产生高品质给水308单一料流。在HRSG 218中两个蒸汽发生器406以及408接收进水料流308以及分别产生两个水蒸汽料流224以及220。为提高在管线220中水蒸汽料流的品质，在HRSG 218中分离器502接收来自该高品质水蒸汽发生器408的水蒸汽以及从液相或者冷凝物分离蒸汽相或者干水蒸汽。干燥水蒸汽经由管线220离开分离器502，用于蒸汽轮机222。
来自分离器502至少一部分冷凝物可以回收至低品质蒸汽发生器406进口。一般少于100％的冷凝物被回收，因为冷凝物中任何溶解盐类将随着时间的过去而浓缩以及在水蒸汽发生器406中锅炉管结垢。因此，当回收该冷凝物时，至少一部分连续吹扫至清除设备(未显示)以及替代为来自回水系统306的清洁锅炉给水。
控制器(未显示)可以控制HRSG 224的各种部件，包括一组阀504在内。阀504可用于控制该蒸汽流以及冷凝物往返于分离器502以改变穿过管线220以及224的蒸汽流量以及作为供水到低品质蒸汽发生器406的冷凝物流量。
尽管在图4以及5中显示的HRSG 218实施方案运行两个蒸汽发生器,可以使用其它的许多蒸汽发生器，并且产生附加水蒸汽料流。例如,单一蒸汽发生器可以与单一分离器使用以产生高品质水蒸汽的单一料流。如果低品质度水蒸汽在上述构造中是需要的,则阀可以选择地打开或者关上绕过该分离器。而且,HRSG 218之中使用多于两个蒸汽发生器。所公开HRSG 218实例实施方案具有多蒸汽发生器，例如，国际专利申请WO/2012-170114名称为,"Methods and Systems for Providing Steam,"发表在2012年12月13日，以及全部引入本文作为参考。而且HRSG 218控制器可以控制HRSG 218以在水蒸汽料流220以及224两者中产生高品质水蒸汽，如果，举例来说,特定的烃热力开采方法要求使用高品质水蒸汽。
利用来自联合循环电厂废热提高油开采量的方法
附图6是在联合循环发电厂中利用废热的方法600的方法流程图。方法从程序块602开始,在其中来自联合循环发电厂燃气轮机系统废热用来产生水蒸汽。在程序块604,至少产生第一部分水蒸汽用于烃热力开采方法。程序块606,至少第二部分水蒸汽的至少用来驱动联合循环电厂中蒸汽轮机。
程序块608,至少第三部分水蒸汽的用于另一过程，比如公用工程加热过程、工艺加热过程、和/或汽提过程。作为在燃气轮机系统中气体燃烧副产物产生的水用作补给水用于生产程序块610至少第一部分水蒸汽。而且,来自蒸汽轮机排料用作补给水用于生产程序块612至少第一部分的水蒸汽。
附图6方法流程图不打算表明在每个情况下都包括在附图6中显示方法600的全部程序块。此外许多另外的未显示在附图6中程序块可以包括方法600之内，根据具体实施的细节决定。
附图7是在联合循环发电厂中利用废热方法的另一方法流程图。程序块702,在其中来自联合循环发电厂燃气轮机系统废热用来产生高品质水蒸汽。程序块704,低品质水蒸汽也利用该废热产生。高品质水蒸汽产生数量相对于低品质水蒸汽产生数量在程序块706调整。
在程序块708,利用高品质水蒸汽驱动蒸汽轮机以及，在程序块710,低品质水蒸汽用于热力开采系统(例如通过引入低品质水蒸汽储层之内以在该储层中热力开采粘性的烃)克拉克热水提取系统、公用工程加热系统、工艺加热系统、和/或汽提系统。在程序块712,来自蒸汽轮机排料用作补给水用于生产低品质水蒸汽。作为在燃气轮机系统中气体燃烧副产物产生的水用作补给水用于在程序块714生产低品质水蒸汽。
附图7方法流程图不打算表明在每个情况下都包括在附图7中显示方法700的全部程序块。此外,此外许多另外的未显示在附图7中程序块可以包括方法700之内，根据具体实施的细节决定。

Claims (30)

1.使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，其包括：
在联合循环发电厂的燃气轮机系统的燃烧室中将压缩的氧化剂和燃料基本化学计量地燃烧从而产生包含燃烧产物的排放料流；
利用来自该排放料流的热量产生高品质水蒸汽和低品质水蒸汽；
将该高品质水蒸汽和该低品质水蒸汽中至少一种的至少一部分注入到用于烃的热力开采方法；
生产回收的烃和回收的水的混合物；
将一部分回收的水从该回收的烃和回收的水的混合物分离；
从排放料流中的该燃烧产物冷凝燃烧水流；以及
使用该燃烧水流和该一部分回收的水作为补给水用于产生高品质水蒸汽和低品质水蒸汽中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,其包括：
急冷该排放料流以冷凝第二水流；
将该燃烧水流以及第二水流组合以形成组合水料流；以及
利用该组合水料流与该一部分回收的水作为补给水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,包括利用至少另一部分高品质水蒸汽以驱动蒸汽轮机。
4.根据权利要求3所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,其中该蒸汽轮机在燃气轮机系统轴上产生另外的轴功率。
5.根据权利要求3所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,其中该蒸汽轮机产生排料，并且利用该排料作为补给水用于产生水蒸汽。
6.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,其中该热力开采方法是周期注蒸汽增产法。
7.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,其中该热力开采方法是蒸汽辅助重力驱油方法。
8.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，其中该热力开采方法是克拉克热水提取方法。
9.根据权利要求4所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，其中该蒸汽轮机产生排料料流，以及其中根据权利要求4所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法包括利用该排料料流作为补给水用于产生热力开采方法中使用的水蒸汽。
10.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括将至少另一部分低品质水蒸汽用于公用工程加热过程、工艺加热过程、或者蒸汽汽提方法、或者其任何组合。
11.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括将排放料流再循环至燃烧室作为稀释剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括提取一部分稀释剂以补偿燃料以及氧化剂增加的数量。
13.根据权利要求12所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,包括将所提取部分稀释剂分离成为富二氧化碳料流以及贫二氧化碳料流。
14.根据权利要求13所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括将富二氧化碳料流引入烃类储层用于提高油开采量。
15.根据权利要求13所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括将富二氧化碳料流引入地下岩层用于碳固存。
16.根据权利要求13所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括将贫二氧化碳料流引入烃类储层用于压力维持。
17.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括在利用该燃烧水流作为该补给水一部分之前，处理该燃烧水流。
18.根据权利要求17所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括调整该燃烧水流的pH在7至9pH单位之间。
19.根据权利要求17所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,包括蒸汽汽提该燃烧水流以除去溶解的气体。
20.根据权利要求17所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法,包括用除氧剂处理该燃烧水流。
21.根据权利要求1所述的使用联合循环发电厂产生水蒸汽用于烃生产的方法，包括利用至少一部分高品质水蒸汽以驱动蒸汽轮机。
22.用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统,包括：
燃气轮机系统，设置其以将压缩的氧化剂和燃料基本化学计量地燃烧以产生作为燃烧副产物的热排放料流；
热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)，设置其以利用该热排放料流产生高品质水蒸汽料流和低品质水蒸汽料流,其中该HRSG由在该热排放料流中的燃烧产物产生冷凝物料流；
烃热回收系统，设置其以在用于烃的热力开采方法中使用该高品质水蒸汽料流和该低品质水蒸汽料流中至少一种的至少一部分并且产生回收的烃和回收的水的混合物；以及
水回送系统，设置其以利用该冷凝物料流和至少一部分回收的水作为提供至HRSG的至少一部分补给水以产生该水蒸汽料流。
23.根据权利要求22所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统，包括蒸汽轮机，设置其以利用至少另一部分高品质水蒸汽料流以产生机械动力和电力中的一种或两种。
24.根据权利要求22所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统，包括周期注蒸汽增产系统。
25.根据权利要求24所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统，包括蒸汽辅助重力驱油系统。
26.根据权利要求24所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统,包括克拉克热水提取系统。
27.根据权利要求22所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统，包括用于该冷凝物料流的水净化系统。
28.根据权利要求27所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统，包括水蒸汽汽提器，设置其以减少溶解在该冷凝物料流中的气体。
29.根据权利要求27所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统，包括pH调整系统，设置其以使得该冷凝物料流pH达到7-9pH单位。
30.根据权利要求27所述的用于产生电力以及从储层热力开采烃的系统，包括过滤系统。
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