JP4355661B2 - 流動床燃焼器内での二酸化炭素と二酸化硫黄の現場捕獲 - Google Patents
流動床燃焼器内での二酸化炭素と二酸化硫黄の現場捕獲 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4355661B2 JP4355661B2 JP2004571209A JP2004571209A JP4355661B2 JP 4355661 B2 JP4355661 B2 JP 4355661B2 JP 2004571209 A JP2004571209 A JP 2004571209A JP 2004571209 A JP2004571209 A JP 2004571209A JP 4355661 B2 JP4355661 B2 JP 4355661B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
- F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/99004—Combustion process using petroleum coke or any other fuel with a very low content in volatile matters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
Description
(a)流動床内での燃焼に適合しうる粒径を有する炭質燃料流を主流と副流に分流させ、
(b)該燃料流の主流を、加圧化流動床燃焼器[pressurized fluidized bed combustor(PFBC)]/炭酸塩化器[carbonator(C)](PFBC/C)内へ移送させ、
(c)該燃料流の主流を、PFBC/C内において、空気と酸化カルシウムの存在下において燃焼させ、
(d)炭酸カルシウムと硫酸カルシウムを含む固形分を含有する煙道ガス流をPFBC/Cから回収し、
(e)煙道ガス流から該固形分を分離させ、
(f)燃料流の副流をか焼炉(calciner)内へ移送させ、
(g)燃料流の副流をか焼炉内において、比較的純粋な酸素及び工程(e)で分離された固形分流の存在下で燃焼させることによって、該固形分流中の炭酸カルシウムを酸化カルシウムと二酸化炭素ガスに変換させ、
(h)二酸化炭素ガス流をか焼炉から回収し、
(i)か焼炉内で発生した酸化カルシウムを含む該か焼炉からの固形分流を回収し、
(j)工程(i)において得られた固形分流をPFBC/C内へ移送させることによって、工程(c)において必要な酸化カルシウムを供給し、次いで
(k)PFBC/C内を循環する固形分から硫酸カルシウムと使用済固形分を回収した後、当該方法における固形分バランスを維持するために、新鮮な炭酸カルシウムをか焼炉内へ添加する。
(i)流動床燃焼器内で使用するのに適合した粒径を有する炭質燃料流を供給するための炭質燃料供給ライン、
(ii)燃料供給ライン内の燃料流を主流と副流に分流させるように構成されて配設された分流器、
(iii)分流器からの燃料流の主流を受容するように構成されて配設された燃焼器用燃料供給ライン、
(iv)燃焼器用燃料供給ラインからの燃料流の主流を受容して燃焼させるように構成されて配設された加圧流動床燃焼器/炭酸塩化器(PFBC/C)、
(v)PFBC/C内へ燃焼用空気を供給するように構成されて配設された圧搾空気ライン、
(vi)第1端と第2端を具有し、該第1端が、酸化カルシウムを含有する固形分流をPFBC/Cへ供給するように構成されて配設された酸化カルシウム移送ライン、
(vii)PFBC/Cからの炭酸カルシウムを含む同伴固形分を含有する煙道ガス流を、同伴固形分から煙道ガスを分離するように構成されて配設された分離器へ移送するように構成されて配設された分離器用供給ライン、
(viii)分離器からの煙道ガスを受容するように構成されて配設された排出煙道、
(ix)分離器からの炭酸カルシウムを含む同伴固形分を受容するように構成されて配設された炭酸カルシウム移送ライン、
(x)分流器からの燃料流の副流を受容するように構成されて配設されたか焼炉用燃料供給ライン、
(xi)か焼炉用燃料供給ライン内の燃料流の副流及び工程(ix)における炭酸カルシウム移送ラインからの炭酸カルシウムを受容するように構成されて配設されたか焼炉、
(xii)燃焼用酸素をか焼炉へ供給するように構成されて配設された酸素供給ライン、
(xiii)か焼炉からの二酸化炭素流を受容するように構成されて配設された二酸化炭素ライン、
(xiv)か焼炉からの酸化カルシウムを含む固形分流を受容するように構成されて配設された酸化カルシウム移送ラインの第2端、
(xv)循環する固形分からPFBC/C内で生成する硫酸カルシウムと使用済固形分を回収する手段、及び
(xvi)系中の固形分バランスを維持するために十分な量の新鮮な炭酸カルシウムをか焼炉内へ添加するように構成されて配設された手段。
炭素 83
水素 5
硫黄 4
酸素 3
水分 5
灰分 <0.5
CaO + CO2 → CaCO3 + 熱・・・・・・・・・・・・1
2CaO + 2SO2 + O2 → 2CaSO4 + 熱・・・・・2
11 分流器
12 燃焼器用コークス供給ライン
13 か焼炉用コークス供給ライン
14 燃焼器
15 圧搾空気ライン
16 酸化カルシウム移送ライン
17 分離器用供給ライン
18 分離器
19 排出用煙道
20 炭酸カルシウム移送ライン
21 か焼炉
22 酸素供給ライン
23 二酸化炭素ライン
Claims (17)
- 炭素分が高く、硫黄分が比較的高くて灰分が低い炭質燃料の燃焼によって発生する燃焼ガスから二酸化炭素と二酸化硫黄を捕獲して回収するための方法であって、下記の工程(a)〜(k)を含む該方法:
(a)流動床内での燃焼に適合しうる粒径を有する炭質燃料流を主流と副流に分流させ、
(b)該燃料流の主流を、加圧化流動床燃焼器/炭酸塩化器(PFBC/C)内へ移送させ、
(c)該燃料流の主流を、PFBC/C内において、空気と酸化カルシウムの存在下において燃焼させ、
(d)炭酸カルシウムと硫酸カルシウムを含む固形分を含有する煙道ガス流をPFBC/Cから回収し、
(e)煙道ガス流から該固形分を分離させ、
(f)燃料流の副流をか焼炉内へ移送させ、
(g)燃料流の副流をか焼炉内において、比較的純粋な酸素及び工程(e)で分離された固形分流の存在下で燃焼させることによって、該固形分流中の炭酸カルシウムを酸化カルシウムと二酸化炭素ガスに変換させ、
(h)二酸化炭素ガス流をか焼炉から回収し、
(i)か焼炉内で発生した酸化カルシウムを含む該か焼炉からの固形分流を回収し、
(j)工程(i)において得られた固形分流をPFBC/C内へ移送させることによって、工程(c)において必要な酸化カルシウムを供給し、次いで
(k)PFBC/C内を循環する固形分から硫酸カルシウムと使用済固形分を回収した後、当該方法における固形分バランスを維持するために、新鮮な炭酸カルシウムをか焼炉内へ添加する。 - 燃料中の炭素分が約85重量%未満である請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃料中の炭素分が約80重量%〜約85重量%である請求項2記載の方法。
- 燃料中の炭素分が約83重量%である請求項3記載の方法。
- 炭質燃料が、石油コークス、無煙炭、石炭及び天然ガスから成る群から選択される燃料である請求項1記載の方法。
- 炭質燃料が石油コークスである請求項5記載の方法。
- 炭質燃料が約3%未満の灰分を含有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 炭質燃料が約1%未満の灰分を含有する請求項7記載の方法。
- PFBC/Cとか焼炉を同圧下で作動させる請求項1記載の方法。
- PFBC/Cを加圧下で作動させ、か焼炉を周囲圧下で作動させる請求項1記載の方法。
- PFBC/Cとか焼炉を約15バール〜約20バールの圧力下で作動させる請求項1記載の方法。
- PFBC/Cを約15バール〜約20バールの圧力下で作動させ、か焼炉を周囲圧下で作動させる請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃料中の硫黄分が約10重量%未満である請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃料中の硫黄分が約3重量%〜約6重量%である請求項13記載の方法。
- 燃料中の硫黄分が約4重量%である請求項14記載の方法。
- 主流中の燃料と副流中の燃料の重量比が約2:1である請求項1記載の方法。
- 炭素分が高く、硫黄分が比較的高くて灰分が低い炭質燃料の燃焼によって発生する燃焼ガスから二酸化炭素と二酸化硫黄を捕獲して回収するための装置であって、下記の構成要素(i)〜(xvi)を具備する該装置:
(i)流動床燃焼器内で使用するのに適合した粒径を有する炭質燃料流を供給するための炭質燃料供給ライン、
(ii)燃料供給ライン内の燃料流を主流と副流に分流させるように構成されて配設された分流器、
(iii)分流器からの燃料流の主流を受容するように構成されて配設された燃焼器用燃料供給ライン、
(iv)燃焼器用燃料供給ラインからの燃料流の主流を受容して燃焼させるように構成されて配設された加圧流動床燃焼器/炭酸塩化器(PFBC/C)、
(v)PFBC/C内へ燃焼用空気を供給するように構成されて配設された圧搾空気ライン、
(vi)第1端と第2端を具有し、該第1端が、酸化カルシウムを含有する固形分流をPFBC/Cへ供給するように構成されて配設された酸化カルシウム移送ライン、
(vii)PFBC/Cからの炭酸カルシウムを含む同伴固形分を含有する煙道ガス流を、同伴固形分から煙道ガスを分離するように構成されて配設された分離器へ移送するように構成されて配設された分離器用供給ライン、
(viii)分離器からの煙道ガスを受容するように構成されて配設された排出煙道、
(ix)分離器からの炭酸カルシウムを含む同伴固形分を受容するように構成されて配設された炭酸カルシウム移送ライン、
(x)分流器からの燃料流の副流を受容するように構成されて配設されたか焼炉用燃料供給ライン、
(xi)か焼炉用燃料供給ライン内の燃料流の副流及び工程(ix)における炭酸カルシウム移送ラインからの炭酸カルシウムを受容するように構成されて配設されたか焼炉、
(xii)燃焼用酸素をか焼炉へ供給するように構成されて配設された酸素供給ライン、
(xiii)か焼炉からの二酸化炭素流を受容するように構成されて配設された二酸化炭素ライン、
(xiv)か焼炉からの酸化カルシウムを含む固形分流を受容するように構成されて配設された酸化カルシウム移送ラインの第2端、
(xv)循環する固形分からPFBC/C内で生成する硫酸カルシウムと使用済固形分を回収する手段、及び
(xvi)系中の固形分バランスを維持するために十分な量の新鮮な炭酸カルシウムをか焼炉内へ添加するように構成されて配設された手段。
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WO2004097297A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
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