CN102446772B - 制造半导体封装的方法 - Google Patents

制造半导体封装的方法 Download PDF

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CN102446772B
CN102446772B CN201010624425.1A CN201010624425A CN102446772B CN 102446772 B CN102446772 B CN 102446772B CN 201010624425 A CN201010624425 A CN 201010624425A CN 102446772 B CN102446772 B CN 102446772B
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metal
layer
semiconductor packages
insulating barrier
resist
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CN102446772A (zh
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黄美善
孙暻镇
李应硕
姜明杉
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Samsung Electro Mechanics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制造半导体封装的方法,该方法使用其中基于粘合剂元件(111)的两个表面上顺次堆叠有第一金属层(113)、阻挡层(115)和第二金属层(117)的基底元件(120),从而只通过一个压片工序可同时生产两个印刷电路板,因此使得提高生产效率变得可能;通过焊点(250)将半导体芯片(300)与印刷电路板电连接,因此使得生产高密度封装底材变得可能;形成金属柱(140)代替了在层间电路连接中要求的通孔,因此使得在电镀或加工通孔时降低所要求的生产成本变得可能。

Description

制造半导体封装的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年10月11日提交的、题为“制造半导体封封装的方法”的韩国专利申请No.10-2010-0098850号的优先权,将该申请的全部内容引入本申请中以作参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造半导体封装的方法。
背景技术
近年来,电子产业以低成本开发了具有多功能和高性能的细、薄且轻的产品。形成这种趋势的一种技术为封装技术。随着电子产业的发展,配有半导体芯片的电子设备的封装使用急剧增加,相关封装技术的研究也活跃的开展。
目前,大部分半导体封装已经形成,以致一个封装是通过将半导体芯片和印刷电路板由引线接合(wirebonding)连接起来而制成的,这种电路板叫做载芯片板(boardonchip,BOC)。在这种BOC结构中,这种半导体封装可以设计成仅有包括仅仅一层金属层的印刷电路板,因此,从半导体封装的价格竞争力而言,这种半导体封装占据优势地位。
图1~6为根据现有技术工序步骤制造半导体封装的方法的截面图。
如图1所示,显示了由绝缘层1和铜层2构成的覆铜箔层压板(coppercladlaminate),在该覆铜箔层压板上机械加工有用于层间传导(interlayerconduction)的通孔3。所述通孔一般是用CNC钻孔或激光钻孔形成的。
随后,如图2所示,进行了化学镀铜工序和电镀铜工序,因此在所述覆铜箔层压板上形成铜镀层4。
然后,如图3所示,在所述通孔3孔内填充塞孔油墨5和在面板上进行电镀,因此形成厚的镀层6。
然后,如图4所示,所述镀层6被选择性的蚀刻,因此形成电路图案7。
然后,如图5所示,在形成有所述电路图案7的覆铜箔层压板的两个表面施用阻焊剂(solderresist)8,并形成外露的部分,因此部分所述电路图案7露出。
然后,如图6所示,在机械加工用于插入导线30的缝槽9之后,在所述电路图案7的焊盘(pad)部分上形成焊球10,并使用所述导线30将半导体芯片20安装到所述基板上,从而就制成了半导体封装50。
根据现有技术,为了制造半导体封装,应该在覆铜箔层压板上形成用于层间传导的通孔,并且还应该进行电/化学镀铜工序镀铜,这样导致生产成本增加。
另外,当使用导线将半导体芯片与印刷电路板相连,从而制成高容量/高密度半导体封装时,在半导体芯片的接受密度上存在限制,而且由于两层或多层BOC的需求,增加了印刷电路板的生产成本。
发明内容
本发明经过努力提供了一种能以低生产成本制造高密度封装的制造半导体封装的方法。
根据本发明的第一种优选实施方式,本发明提供了一种制造半导体封装的方法,该方法包括:(A)制备其中第一金属层、阻挡层(barrierlayer)和第二金属层按顺次堆叠的金属元件(metalmember);(B)通过选择性地蚀刻所述第二金属层而形成金属柱;(C)将外露的所述阻挡层从所述金属柱去掉,并将绝缘层层压在所述金属柱穿透的第一金属层上;(D)将与所述绝缘层的一个表面接触的所述第一金属层图案化,以形成电路层。
本文中,所述第一金属层和第二金属层可以是由铜制成的,和所述阻挡层可以是由镍制成的。
所述第二金属层的厚度的范围可以为50-300μm。
步骤(B)可以包括:(B1)将抗蚀剂施用于所述第二金属层的表面;和(B2)在图案化所述抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻所述阻挡层之前的所述第二金属层,以形成金属柱。
在步骤(B)中,所述金属柱的直径可以沿朝向阻挡层的方向增加。
所述制造半导体封装的方法还可以包括,在步骤(C)后,(C’)抛光绝缘层的外露表面,以形成糙度。
步骤(D)可以包括:(D1)将抗蚀剂用于所述第一金属层的表面;和(D2)在图案化所述抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻所述第一金属层,以形成电路层。
所述制造半导体封装的方法还可以包括,在步骤(D)后,(E)在将阻焊剂施用于绝缘层的两个表面后,通过加工阻焊剂形成第一开口,从而使形成在绝缘层的一个表面上的电路层的焊盘部分露出;以及通过加工阻焊剂形成第二开口,从而使形成在绝缘层的另一表面上的金属柱露出。
所述制造半导体封装的方法还可以包括,在步骤(E)后,(F)通过焊接点(solderbump)在被第一开口外露的焊盘上安装半导体芯片和在被第二开口外露的金属柱上形成焊球。
根据本发明的第二种优选实施方式,本发明提供了一种制造半导体封装的方法,该方法包括:(A)制备基底元件(basemember),其中该基底元件基于粘合剂元件的两个表面上顺次堆叠有第一金属层、阻挡层和第二金属层;(B)通过选择性地蚀刻第二金属层而形成金属柱;(C)将外露的阻挡层从金属柱中去掉,将绝缘层层压在金属柱穿透的第一金属层上,然后,将第一金属层与粘合剂元件分开;以及(D)将与绝缘层的一个表面接触的第一金属层图案化,以形成电路层。
在本文中,所述第一金属层和第二金属层可以是由铜制成的,和所述阻挡层可以是由镍制成的。
所述第二金属层的厚度的范围可以为50-300μm。
步骤(B)可以包括:(B1)将抗蚀剂施用于所述第二金属层的表面;和(B2)图案化抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻阻挡层之前的第二金属层,以形成金属柱。
步骤(B)中,金属柱的直径可以沿朝向阻挡层的方向增加。
所述制造半导体封装的方法还可以包括,在步骤(C)后,(C’)抛光绝缘层的外露表面,以形成糙度。
步骤(D)可以包括:(D1)将抗蚀剂施用于第一金属层的表面;和(D2)图案化抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻第一金属层,以形成电路层。
所述制造半导体封装的方法还可以包括,在步骤(D)后,(E)在将阻焊剂施用于绝缘层的两个表面后,通过加工阻焊剂形成第一开口,从而使形成在绝缘层的一个表面上的电路层的焊盘部分露出;以及通过加工阻焊剂形成第二开口,从而使形成在绝缘层的另一个表面上的金属柱露出。
所述制造半导体封装的方法还可以包括,在步骤(E)后,(F)通过焊接点在被第一开口外露的焊盘上安装半导体芯片和在被第二开口外露的金属柱上形成焊球。
附图说明
图1~6为说明现有技术工序步骤制造半导体封装方法的截面图。
图7~16为说明根据本发明的第一种优选实施方式所述的工序步骤制造半导体封装方法的截面图;和
图17~27为说明根据本发明的第二种优选实施方式所述的工序步骤制造半导体封装方法的截面图。
具体实施方式
结合附图,由以下详细说明和实施方式可更清楚地理解本发明的各目标、特征和优点。
在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语和词语不应该被解释为局限于典型的含义或字典上的定义,而基于发明人能适当地定义由术语所暗示的概念,以最好地描述他或她已知的实施本发明的方法的原则,这些术语和词语应该解释为具有与本发明的技术范围相关的含义和概念。
通过以下结合了附图的详细描述可以更清楚地理解本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优势。在说明书里,附图中增加参考数字指定相应的元件,值得注意的是,即使是不同图中的元件,相同的参考数字用于指定相同或类似的元件。另外,在本发明的描述中,当确定相关技术的详细描述会使本发明的要点不清楚时,省略对其的描述。
图7~16为说明根据本发明的第一种优选实施方式的工序步骤制造半导体封装方法的截面图。下文中,将参考附图来描述本发明实施方式中制造半导体封装的方法。
首先,如图7所示,提供金属元件100,其中第一金属层113、阻挡层115和第二金属层117顺次堆叠的金属元件100。
在本文中,第一金属层113和第二金属层117是由铜(Cu)制成的。在以下所描述的工序中,图案化第一金属层113,以形成电路层160;以及选择性地蚀刻第二金属层117,以形成金属柱140。另外,第二金属层117的厚度的范围可以选择为50-300μm,且第一金属层113的厚度比第二金属层117的更薄些。
另外,阻挡层115被插入在第一金属层113和第二金属层117的中间,其结构组成没什么限制,但可以优选由镍(Ni)制成。在通过蚀刻第二金属层117形成金属柱140的工序过程中,阻挡层115不会与蚀刻剂发生反应,因此保护第一金属层113免受蚀刻。
如图8和9所示,选择性地蚀刻第二金属层117,从而形成金属柱140。金属柱140形成的工序将要详细说明。
将抗蚀剂130施用于金属元件100外侧形成的第二金属层117的表面,然后被图案化,从而形成抗蚀图案(见图8)。随后,通过使用掩盖法(tentingmethod)选择性地蚀刻阻挡层115之前的第二金属层117,以形成柱形状的金属柱140,且去掉抗蚀阻图案(见图9)。在本文中,根据第二金属层117的厚度和设定的蚀刻条件,金属柱140的直径和形状可以形成多种。尽管如此,金属柱140一般具有直径沿朝向阻挡层115方向增加的形状。
然后,如图10所示,通过蚀刻第二金属层117形成的外露的阻挡层115被蚀刻,从而将外露的阻挡层115从金属柱140中去掉。当阻挡层115由镍制成时,通过使用镍蚀刻剂将阻挡层115去掉。在这种情况下,镍蚀刻剂与铜不会发生反应,因此金属柱140和第一金属层113不被蚀刻。
然后,如图11所示,绝缘层150堆叠在金属柱140穿透的第一金属层113上。在本文中,例如,所述绝缘层150可以包括聚合物树脂(如预浸料坯(prepreg,PPG)),或环氧基树脂(如FR-4、BT等等)。此后,进行去钻污工序(desmearprocess)从而除去穿透金属柱140上的树脂残留物。
然后,如图12和13所示,将与绝缘层150的一个表面接触的第一金属层113图案化,以形成电路层160;以及抛光绝缘层150的外露表面,以形成糙度。
首先,将抗蚀剂130施用于第一金属层113表面,然后抗蚀剂130被图案化,从而形成抗蚀剂图案(见图12)。
随后,通过使用掩盖法选择性地蚀刻第一金属层113,以形成电路层160,且去掉抗蚀剂的图案(见图13)。
然后,为了提高绝缘层150和阻焊剂170之间的粘合作用(见图14),将绝缘层150的外露表面抛光从而形成糙度,由此产生固着效应(anchoreffects)(见图13)。形成糙度的方法可以使用由蚀刻、CZ预处理、黑色氧化(blackoxide)、棕色氧化(brownoxide)、酸基化学(acidbasechemical,ABC)、陶瓷磨轮(ceramicbuff)和Z-洗涤处理(Z-scrubbingtreatment)组成的组中的一种、两种或多种处理方法;尽管如此,本领域技术人员所熟知的方法并不特别限于此,但均可使用。
然后,如图14所示,将阻焊剂170施用于绝缘层150的两个表面。
然后,如图15所示,在阻焊剂170内形成第一开口180,从而使得形成在绝缘层150的一个表面上的电路层160的焊盘部分165露出;以及在阻焊剂170内形成第二开口190,从而使得形成在绝缘层150的另一表面上的金属柱140露出。
然后,如图16所示,在被第一开口180外露的焊盘部分165上形成焊接点250,然后,将半导体芯片300安装在阻焊剂170之上。通过焊接点250将半导体芯片300与电路层160的焊盘部分165电连接。另外,在被第二开口190外露的金属柱140上形成焊球200。
图17~27为说明根据本发明的第二种优选实施方式的工序步骤制造半导体封装方法的截面图。下文中,将参考附图来描述本发明优选的制造半导体封装的方法。
首先,如图17所示,提供基底元件120,该基底元件120中,基于粘合剂元件111的两个表面上顺次堆叠有第一金属层113、阻挡层115和第二金属层117。
所述基底元件120可以通过在基于粘合剂元件111两个表面顺次层压第一金属层113、阻挡层115和第二金属层117得到。此外,所述基底元件120可以这样制成,先制备一对由第一金属层113、阻挡层115和第二金属层117构成的三层金属元件100,处理所述一对金属元件100使其第一金属层113彼此面对面,然后将所述一对金属元件100与粘合剂元件111的两个表面接合。
所述粘合剂元件111暂时与所述一对金属元件100粘结,在制成金属柱140、去掉阻挡层115和层压绝缘层150之后,将粘合剂元件111与金属元件100分离开来。如果这种材料是本领域技术人员所熟知的,可以被选择性的使用,而没有特别的限制。
在本文中,所述第一金属层113和所述第二金属层117是由铜(Cu)制成的。与所述第一种实施方式一样,图案化第一金属层113,以形成电路层160;以及选择性地蚀刻第二金属层117,以形成金属柱140。另外,第二金属层117的厚度的范围可以选择50-300μm,且第一金属层113的厚度可以比第二金属层117更薄些。
另外,阻挡层115被插入在第一金属层113和第二金属层117的之间,其结构组成没什么限制,但可以优选由镍(Ni)制成。在通过蚀刻第二金属层117形成金属柱140的过程中,阻挡层115不与蚀刻剂发生化学反应,因此保护了第一金属层113免受蚀刻。
然后,如图18和19所示,选择性地蚀刻第二金属层117,从而形成金属柱140。在这种情况下,金属柱140可以保持直径沿朝向阻挡层115的方向增加的的形状。形成金属柱140的工序与本发明的第一种优选实施方式是相同的,因而其详细的说明将被省略。
然后,如图20所示,通过蚀刻第二金属层117形成的外露的阻挡层115被蚀刻,从而将阻挡层115从金属柱140中去掉。当阻挡层115由镍制成时,通过使用镍蚀刻剂将阻挡层115去掉。在这种情况下,镍蚀刻剂与铜不会发生反应的,因此金属柱140和第一金属层113不被蚀刻。
然后,如图21所示,绝缘层150堆叠在金属柱140穿透的第一金属层113上。在本文中,例如,绝缘层150可以包括聚合物树脂(如预浸料坯(PPG))或环氧基树脂(如FR-4,BT等等)。随后,进行去钻污工序从而除去穿透金属柱140上的树脂残留物。
然后,如图22所示,第一金属层113与粘合剂元件111分离开,从而制成一对结构体125。换言之,在第一金属层113与粘合剂元件111分离开后的同时形成了所述的一对结构体125,结构体125是由第一金属层113、阻挡层115、金属柱140和绝缘层150构成的,因此使降低生产成本变得可能。
然后,如图23和24所示,图案化在各个结构体125的一个表面上形成的第一金属层113,以形成电路层160;以及抛光绝缘层150的外露表面,以形成糙度。
首先,形成电路层160的工序和本发明第一种优选实施方式中形成电路层160的过程是相同的,因此其详细的说明将被省略(见图23)。
然后,为了提高绝缘层150和阻焊剂170间的粘合作用(见图25),抛光绝缘层150的外露表面,以形成糙度,由此产生固着效应(见图24)。形成糙度的工序和本发明第一种优选实施方式中的形成工序是相同的,因此其详细的说明将被省略。
然后,如图25所示,将阻焊剂170施用于绝缘层150的两个表面。
然后,如图26所示,在阻焊剂170内形成第一开口180,从而使得形成在绝缘层150的一个表面的电路层160的焊盘部分165露出;以及在阻焊剂170内形成第二开口190,从而使得形成在绝缘层150的另一表面上的金属柱140露出。
然后,如图27所示,在被第一开口180外露的焊盘部分165上形成焊接点250,然后,将半导体芯片300安装在阻焊剂170内。通过焊接点250,将半导体芯片300与绝缘层160的焊盘部分165电连接。另外,在被第二开口190外露的金属柱140上形成焊球200。
根据本发明所述制造半导体封装的方法可知,使用焊点将半导体芯片与印刷电路板电连接,而不是使用引线接合,因此使得生产高密度封装变得可能。
根据本发明,形成的所述金属柱代替了在层间电路连接中要求的所述通孔,因此在电镀或加工通孔时使得降低所要求的生产成本变得可能。
另外,本发明使用了其中在基于粘合剂元件的两个表面上的顺次层压有所述第一金属层、阻挡层和第二金属层的基底元件。因此,如果在进行一系列制造工序后所述第一金属层与粘合剂元件分开,会同时形成两个印刷电路板,因此使得提高生产效率变得可能。
尽管就示例性目的公开了关于所述制造半导体封装方法的本发明的优选实施方式,它们能明确地解释本发明,因此本发明所述制造半导体封装的方法不被限制,但是本领域技术人员应当理解的是,在不背离由随附的权利要求书公开的本发明的范围和精神的情况下,可以做出各种修改、添加和替换。
相应地,这些修改、添加和替代也应理解为落入本发明的范围内。

Claims (16)

1.一种制造半导体封装的方法,该方法包括:
(A)制备其中第一金属层、阻挡层和第二金属层顺次堆叠的金属元件;
(B)通过选择性地蚀刻所述第二金属层而形成金属柱;
(C)将外露的阻挡层从所述金属柱中去掉,并将绝缘层层压到所述第一金属层上使所述金属柱穿透;和
(D)将与所述绝缘层的一个表面接触的所述第一金属层图案化,以形成电路层;和
(E)将阻焊剂施用于所述绝缘层的两个表面后,通过加工阻焊剂形成第一开口,从而使形成在所述绝缘层的一个表面上的电路层的焊盘部分露出;以及通过加工阻焊剂形成第二开口,从而使形成在绝缘层的另一表面上的金属柱露出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,所述第一金属层和所述第二金属层由铜制成,且所述阻挡层由镍制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,所述第二金属层的厚度为50-300μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,步骤(B)包括:
(B1)将抗蚀剂施用于所述第二金属层的表面;和
(B2)在图案化所述抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻所述阻挡层之前的所述第二金属层,以形成所述金属柱。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,步骤(B)中的金属柱的直径沿朝向阻挡层的方向增加。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,该方法还包括在步骤(C)后,(C’)抛光绝缘层的外露表面,以形成糙度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,步骤(D)包括:
(D1)将抗蚀剂施用于所述第一金属层的表面;和
(D2)图案化所述抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻所述第一金属层,以形成电路层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,该方法还包括,在步骤(E)后,(F)通过焊接点在被所述第一开口外露的所述焊盘部分上安装半导体芯片和在被所述第二开口外露的所述金属柱上形成焊球。
9.一种制造半导体封装的方法,该方法包括:
(A)制备基底元件,其中该基底元件基于粘合剂元件的两个表面上顺次堆叠有第一金属层、阻挡层和第二金属层;
(B)通过选择性地蚀刻所述第二金属层而形成金属柱;
(C)将外露的阻挡层从所述金属柱中去掉,且将绝缘层层压到所述第一金属层上使所述金属柱穿透,然后,将所述粘合剂元件与所述第一金属层分离;和
(D)将与所述绝缘层一个表面接触的所述第一金属层图案化,以形成电路层;和
(E)在将阻焊剂施用于所述绝缘层的两个表面后,通过加工阻焊剂形成第一开口,从而使形成在所述绝缘层的一个表面上的电路层的焊盘部分露出;以及通过加工阻焊剂形成第二开口,从而使形成在所述绝缘层的另一个表面上的金属柱露出。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,所述第一金属层和第二金属层是由铜制成的,且所述阻挡层是由镍制成的。
11.根据权利要求9所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,所述第二金属层的厚度为50-300μm。
12.根据权利要求9所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,步骤(B)包括:
(B1)将抗蚀剂施用于所述第二金属层的表面;和
(B2)在图案化所述抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻所述阻挡层之前的所述第二金属层,以形成所述金属柱。
13.根据权利要求9所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,步骤(B)中的金属柱的直径沿朝向阻挡层的方向增加。
14.根据权利要求9所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,该方法还包括,在步骤(C)后,(C’)抛光所述绝缘层的外露表面,以形成糙度。
15.根据权利要求9所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,步骤(D)包括:
(D1)将抗蚀剂施用于所述第一金属层的表面;和
(D2)图案化抗蚀剂后,选择性地蚀刻所述第一金属层,以形成电路层。
16.根据权利要求9所述的制造半导体封装的方法,其中,该方法还包括,步骤(E)后,(F)通过焊接点在被所述第一开口外露的所述焊盘上安装半导体芯片和在被所述第二开口外露的所述金属柱上形成焊球。
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