CN102296608B - 内管夹具 - Google Patents
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- CN102296608B CN102296608B CN201110159525.6A CN201110159525A CN102296608B CN 102296608 B CN102296608 B CN 102296608B CN 201110159525 A CN201110159525 A CN 201110159525A CN 102296608 B CN102296608 B CN 102296608B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
- E02D5/285—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals tubular, e.g. prefabricated from sheet pile elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
内管夹具。本发明涉及一种夹紧系统,其包括框架、多个夹紧构件、致动套圈和致动系统。所述框架包括附接构件和限定了止动轮廓表面的止动环。每个夹紧构件都限定了第一和第二轮廓表面。致动套圈限定了致动轮廓表面。致动系统移动致动套圈。所述框架支撑致动套圈和多个夹紧构件,使得第一轮廓表面与致动轮廓表面接合,第二轮廓表面与止动轮廓表面接合。致动系统的操作使致动套圈朝向止动环移动。随着致动套圈朝向止动环运动,致动轮廓表面作用在第一轮廓表面上,止动轮廓表面作用在第二轮廓表面上,使得夹紧构件将夹紧系统置于接合构造中。
Description
相关申请
本申请(律师代理参考编号为P216654)要求2010年4月2日提出的美国临时申请No.61/320,452的优先权。
上述所有相关申请的内容通过引用而并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及打桩系统,更具体地,本发明涉及用来打入和/或拔出中空桩构件(例如管)的打桩系统。
背景技术
建筑工程通常需要将刚性细长构件安放到地面中。该刚性细长构件可根据指定用途而制成不同形状、不同尺寸和由不同材料制作。本发明在将中空管(例如管桩或沉箱)打入地面的情况下特别重要。为了描述本发明的结构和用途,术语“桩”在这里用于指任意的桩或沉箱,该桩或沉箱的至少一部分是中空的。
桩可采用多个不同方法中的任意一种方法安放到地面内的期望位置处。在该期望位置处可开挖一洞,插入桩,然后可在围绕桩的洞内放置回填材料从而将桩固定就位。然而,更普通的是用打桩系统将桩打入地面内。打桩系统通常在桩的顶端施加驱动力从而将桩打入或挤入土内而无需开挖。
在某些情况下,打桩系统将静态驱动力与振动力结合,以利于打入和/或拔出桩。该静态驱动力通常由桩的自重和打桩系统形成,并且指向沿大致由桩的纵向轴线所限定的驱动轴线。通常,在打桩系统操作时,诸如起重机的支撑结构用于悬吊打桩系统和桩从而插入和/或拔出桩。
使用这种振动力的打桩系统的振动力通常由在沿驱动轴线的两个方向上产生运动的振动系统形成。使用振动力的打桩系统通常还会使用夹紧系统20,以将振动系统固定到桩上,从而确保该振动力有效地传递到桩上。另外,使用振动力的打桩系统还通常使用抑制器,用以抑制振动力传送到支撑结构上。
本发明涉及改进的夹紧系统20s以及用于打入和/或拔出中空桩(例如管桩和沉箱)的振动打桩系统的方法。
发明内容
本发明可实施为用于一种将限定了驱动轴线的振动系统连接到限定了桩内表面的桩的夹紧系统。该夹紧系统包括框架、多个夹紧构件、致动套圈和致动系统。该框架包括用于操作地连接到振动系统上的附接构件和限定了止动轮廓表面(cam surface)的止动环。多个夹紧构件限定了第一和第二轮廓表面。该致动套圈限定了致动轮廓表面。该致动系统移动该致动套圈。该框架支撑该致动套圈和多个夹紧构件,使得第一轮廓表面接合致动轮廓表面并且第二轮廓表面接合止动轮廓表面。致动系统的操作使致动套圈朝向止动环移动。随着致动套圈朝向止动环运动,该致动轮廓表面作用于第一轮廓表面上,并且止动轮廓表面作用于第二轮廓表面上,使得夹紧构件移动离开驱动轴线,以将该夹紧系统置于接合构造中。当该夹紧系统处于接合构造中时,该夹紧构件用于摩擦地接合该桩内表面。
本发明还可实施为一种将限定了驱动轴线的振动系统连接到限定了桩内表面的桩的方法。该方法包括以下步骤。提供框架,该框架包括用于操作地连接到振动系统上的附接构件和限定了止动轮廓表面的止动环。提供多个夹紧构件,每个夹紧构件都限定了第一和第二轮廓表面。将限定了致动轮廓表面的致动套圈布置成使得该致动轮廓表面与多个夹紧构件所限定的第一轮廓表面接合。相对于框架布置多个夹紧构件,使得由止动环所限定的止动轮廓表面与第二轮廓表面接合。提供用于移动致动套圈的致动系统。该致动系统操作成使致动套圈朝向止动环移动,使得致动轮廓表面作用于第一轮廓表面上,并且止动轮廓表面作用于第二轮廓表面上,从而使得夹紧构件移动离开驱动轴线,以将该夹紧系统置于接合构造中,在该接合构造中,夹紧构件用于摩擦地接合桩内表面。
本发明还可构造为一种用于将限定了驱动轴线的振动系统连接到限定了桩内表面的桩的夹紧系统。该夹紧系统包括框架、多个夹紧构件、致动套圈和致动系统。该框架包括用于操作地连接到振动系统上的附接构件、限定了止动轮廓表面的止动环和固定该附接构件和该止动环之间的距离的中心构件。该多个夹紧构件固定到中心构件上,用于沿驱动轴线及从驱动轴线沿径向的受限运动。每个夹紧构件都限定了第一和第二轮廓表面。该致动套圈限定了致动轮廓表面。该致动系统移动该致动套圈。该框架支撑致动系统和致动套圈,使得第一轮廓表面接合致动轮廓表面并且第二轮廓表面接合止动轮廓表面。致动系统的操作使致动套圈朝向止动环移动。随着致动套圈朝向止动环运动,该致动轮廓表面作用于第一轮廓表面上,并且止动轮廓表面作用于第二轮廓表面上,使得夹紧构件移动离开驱动轴线,以将该夹紧系统置于接合构造中。当该夹紧系统处于接合构造中时,该夹紧构件用于摩擦地接合该桩内表面。
附图说明
图1为打桩系统实例的侧视图,该打桩系统结合有本发明的内管夹紧系统的实例;
图2为图1所示的内管夹紧系统20的实例的侧视图;
图3为图1中的内管夹紧系统20的实例处于脱开构造中的侧视图;
图4为图1中的内管夹紧系统20的实例处于接合构造中的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了形成打桩系统22的一部分的夹紧系统20,该打桩系统22用于将桩24打入土28内的期望位置26中。该示例性的桩24为中空的,并且更具体地,采用管或管桩的形式。
在图1中,该示例性的打桩系统22除了夹紧系统20之外,还包括振动系统30和抑制器系统32。该打桩系统22和桩24由支撑结构34支撑,该支撑结构34包括起重机36和起重吊架38。该示例性的起重吊架38操作地连接到抑制器32,该示例性的抑制器32刚性地连接到振动系统30。而该示例性的振动系统30刚性地连接到夹紧系统20。该示例性的夹紧系统20将振动系统30基本上刚性地连接到桩24。
总体上,该夹紧系统20连接到振动系统30,使得振动力基本上刚性地从振动系统30传递或转移到夹紧系统20。而该夹紧系统20与桩24接合,使得振动力基本上刚性地从夹紧系统20传递或转移到桩24,正如下面将进一步详细说明的。
图2示出了该示例性的夹紧系统20包括框架40、致动套圈42、多个(两个或更多个)夹紧组件44和致动系统46。图3和4示出了示例性的框架40包括附接构件50、中心构件52、止动环54、引导构件56和多个(两个或更多个)筒体凸缘58。
该示例性的附接构件50采用梁的形式,该梁适于刚性地连接到振动系统30,使得附接构件50关于由振动系统30限定的驱动轴线A基本上对称地布置。该附接构件50刚性地连接到中心构件52的底部位置,使得中间构件52沿着驱动轴线A基本上对称地延伸。
该示例性的止动环54在沿中心构件52的长度的中间位置处刚性地连接到中心构件52。引导构件56刚性连接到中心构件52的远离附接构件50的端部位置处。中间位置在端部位置和底部位置之间隔出。
示例性的筒体凸缘58刚性地连接到该附接构件50和/或中心部52,使得筒体凸缘58沿驱动轴线A延伸并从驱动轴线A沿径向延伸。
该示例性的夹紧组件44每个都包括夹紧构件60,该夹紧构件60通过至少一个保持螺栓62操作地连接,使得夹紧构件60能够在脱开位置(图3)和接合位置(图4)之间相对于中心构件52运动。复位弹簧64设置为将夹紧构件60偏压到脱开位置中。该示例性的夹紧构件60成组地布置,每组包括两个相对夹紧构件。该示例性的夹紧系统20包括四个示例性的夹紧组件44,因此示例性的夹紧构件60布置成两组,每组包括两个夹紧构件,每个夹紧构件60在其组内布置在驱动轴线A的与另一夹紧构件60相对的侧上。另外,在示例性的夹紧系统20中,每个夹紧构件60都设置有两个保持螺栓62和两个复位弹簧64。
当在脱开位置和接合位置之间运动时,示例性的夹紧构件60沿驱动轴线A运动和相对于驱动轴线A的径向运动。具体地,在每个夹紧构件60内形成至少一个槽66,以允许夹紧构件60在沿驱动轴线A的有限运动范围内的运动。在这种情况下,保持螺栓62以及复位弹簧64的压缩和伸长允许夹紧构件60在相对于驱动轴线A沿径向的有限范围内的运动。在该示例性的夹紧系统20中,槽66中的一个中设置成用于保持螺栓62中的每个,从而在示例性的夹紧构件60中形成有两个槽66。
示例性的致动系统46包括至少一个具有筒体72和轴74的致动器70。根据常规,在至少第一模式中激发致动器70而使得轴74相对于筒体72从缩回构造(图3)朝向伸出构造(图4)延伸。可选地,致动器70可在第二模式中被激发,在该第二模式中,轴相对于筒体72从伸出构造收回至缩回构造。该致动器70根据需要可为气动、电动或液压设备以施加足够的夹紧力,正如下面将进一步详细说明的。该示例性的致动器70为通过受压的液压液体提供动力的常规液压装置。该示例性的夹紧系统20的示例性的致动系统46包括四个致动器,每一个致动器用于夹紧组件44中的一个。该示例性的致动系统46进一步包括致动器外壳76,该致动器外壳76从附接构件50延伸并且保护致动系统46。
筒体联接器80刚性地固定到筒体70,并且筒体销82操作地连接到筒体72以用于相对于框架40的筒体凸缘58进行枢转运动。轴联接器84刚性地固定到轴74,并且轴销82操作地连接到轴74以用于相对于轴凸缘88进行枢转运动,该轴凸缘88形成示例性的夹紧系统20的致动套圈42的一部分。
该致动套圈42限定了致动轮廓表面90,而止动环54限定了止动轮廓表面92。每个夹紧构件60都限定第一轮廓表面94和第二轮廓表面96。该致动轮廓表面90和第一轮廓表面94构造为相对于驱动轴线A以第一角度延伸,而止动轮廓表面92和第二轮廓表面96构造为相对于驱动轴线A以第二角度延伸。
因此,如图3和4所示,对于可枢转地连接到致动器70上的致动套圈42以及相对于中心构件52可动地固定的夹紧构件60,复位弹簧64朝向驱动轴线A偏压夹紧构件60,使得第一轮廓表面94与致动轮廓表面90接合。类似地,如图3和4所示,对于通过中心构件52刚性地支撑的止动环54以及相对于中心构件52可动地固定的夹紧构件60,复位弹簧64朝向驱动轴线A偏压夹紧构件60,使得第二轮廓表面96与止动轮廓表面92接合。
参照图3和4,现将示例性的夹紧组件20的用途进一步详细描述。首先,应当注意,桩24包括桩上边缘120、桩内表面122和桩外表面124。桩上边缘120限定了桩开口126,并且桩内表面122限定了桩腔室128。桩24进一步限定了桩轴线B。
为了开始夹紧系统20与桩24接合的过程,首先将致动器70布置在缩回构造中,使得夹紧构件60处于脱开构造中。然后移动打桩系统22,使得夹紧系统20至少部分地插入穿过桩开口126并且基本上布置在桩腔室128内。引导构件56限定了倾斜引导表面130,该倾斜引导表面130与桩上边缘120接合并且引导夹紧系统20穿过桩开口126且进入桩腔室128内。夹紧系统20可以布置成使得桩上边缘120接合附接构件50,或者桩上边缘120可与附接构件50隔开。图3和4示出了桩上边缘120与附接构件50接合的情况。此时,驱动轴线A可与桩轴线B不对齐。
接下来,致动器70可在第一模式中被激发,以使轴74相对于筒体72伸出。随着轴74向伸出构造运动,致动套圈42沿驱动轴线A移动,远离附接构件50并且朝向止动环54移动。随着致动套圈42朝向止动环54运动,致动轮廓表面90与第一轮廓表面94接合,并且止动轮廓表面92与第二轮廓表面94接合。为了适应可动的致动套圈42相对于固定的止动环54的移动,相应的轮廓表面90和92分别与相关的轮廓表面94和96接合,以使得夹紧构件60运动离开驱动轴线A。复位弹簧64压缩以允许夹紧构件60运动离开驱动轴线A。
最后,夹紧构件60的外表面140之间的距离等于桩内表面122的相对部分之间的距离,从而夹紧构件60与桩24接合。此时,夹紧构件60摩擦地接合桩24。另外,夹紧系统20将自定中心,使得驱动轴线A基本上与桩轴B对齐。
应当注意,致动系统46和夹紧组件44应当被构造成使得当致动器70处于完全伸出构造时,夹紧构件60的相对外表面140之间的距离可大于桩24的内径。因此,该致动器70可被构造为向夹紧构件60施加足够的夹紧压力,使得夹紧构件摩擦地接合桩内表面122,以在打桩系统22正常操作时阻止夹紧构件60相对于桩的运动。然后打桩系统22操作成在期望位置26将桩24打入到预定深度。
为了使夹紧系统20从桩24脱开,致动器70可置于去激励的构造中,以允许复位弹簧将夹紧构件60迫向驱动轴线A并且因此将致动套圈42迫向附接构件50,从而相对于筒体72将轴74迫向缩回构造。可选地,致动器70可在第二模式中被激发,以迫使轴进入缩回构造。在接合构造和脱开构造之间的某一点处,夹紧构件60从桩内表面122脱开,从而允许夹紧系统20从桩腔室128移除。
一种夹紧系统,例如上述的示例性的夹紧系统20,允许桩24在未接合桩外表面的情况下被驱动。
Claims (20)
1.一种夹紧系统,用于将限定了驱动轴线的振动系统连接到限定了桩内表面的桩上,所述夹紧系统包括:
框架,其包括:
用于操作地连接到所述振动系统的附接构件;和
限定了止动轮廓表面的止动环;
多个夹紧构件,其限定了第一轮廓表面和第二轮廓表面;
致动套圈,其限定了致动轮廓表面;以及
致动系统,其用于移动所述致动套圈;由此
所述框架支撑所述致动套圈和所述多个夹紧构件,使得所述第一轮廓表面与所述致动轮廓表面接合,并且所述第二轮廓表面与所述止动轮廓表面接合;
所述致动系统的操作使所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动;
随着所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动,所述致动轮廓表面作用在所述第一轮廓表面上,并且所述止动轮廓表面作用在所述第二轮廓表面上,使得所述夹紧构件移动离开所述驱动轴线,以将所述夹紧系统置于接合构造中;并且
当所述夹紧系统处于所述接合构造中时,所述夹紧构件用于摩擦地接合所述桩内表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹紧系统,其进一步包括至少一个复位弹簧,其中所述至少一个复位弹簧布置成朝向所述驱动轴线偏压所述夹紧构件中的一个。
3.如权利要求1所述的夹紧系统,其进一步包括至少一个保持螺栓,其中所述至少一个保持螺栓布置成相对于所述框架固定所述夹紧构件中的一个。
4.如权利要求3所述的夹紧系统,其进一步包括形成在每个夹紧构件中的至少一个槽,其中所述至少一个保持螺栓延伸穿过所述至少一个槽,以允许所述夹紧构件沿着所述驱动轴线运动。
5.如权利要求1所述的夹紧系统,其进一步包括:
第一保持螺栓和第二保持螺栓,其中所述第一保持螺栓和所述第二保持螺栓布置成相对于所述框架固定每个夹紧构件;以及
第一槽和第二槽,其形成在每个夹紧构件中,其中所述第一保持螺栓和所 述第二保持螺栓分别延伸穿过所述第一槽和所述第二槽,以允许所述夹紧构件沿着所述驱动轴线运动。
6.如权利要求1所述的夹紧系统,其中所述致动系统包括多个致动器。
7.如权利要求1所述的夹紧系统,其中:
所述致动系统包括至少一个致动构件,所述致动构件包括筒体和轴;
所述筒体可转动地固定到所述框架的一部分上;
所述轴可转动地固定到所述致动套圈的一部分上;并且
在第一模式中将所述致动构件激发而使得所述轴从所述筒体伸出,从而使所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动。
8.如权利要求1所述的夹紧系统,其中所述框架包括用于固定所述止动环和所述附接构件之间的距离的中心构件。
9.如权利要求1所述的夹紧系统,其中所述框架进一步包括限定了倾斜引导表面的引导构件。
10.一种将限定了驱动轴线的振动系统连接到限定了桩内表面的桩上的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
提供框架,所述框架包括:
用于操作地连接到所述振动系统的附接构件;和
限定了止动轮廓表面的止动环;
提供多个夹紧构件,每个夹紧构件都限定了第一轮廓表面和第二轮廓表面;
布置致动套圈,所述致动套圈限定了致动轮廓表面,使得所述致动轮廓表面与由所述多个夹紧构件限定的所述第一轮廓表面接合;
相对于所述框架布置所述多个夹紧构件,使得由所述止动环限定的所述止动轮廓表面与所述第二轮廓表面接合;
提供致动系统,所述致动系统用于移动所述致动套圈;以及
操作所述致动系统,以使所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动,使得所述致动轮廓表面作用在所述第一轮廓表面上,并且所述止动轮廓表面作用在所述第二轮廓表面上,以便使所述夹紧构件移动离开所述驱动轴线,而将所述夹紧系统置于接合构造中,在所述接合构造中,所述夹紧构件用于摩擦地接合所述桩内表面。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包括布置至少一个复位弹簧以朝 向所述驱动轴线偏压所述夹紧构件中的一个的步骤。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包括布置至少一个保持螺栓以相对于所述框架固定所述夹紧构件中的一个的步骤。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:
在每个夹紧构件中形成至少一个槽;以及
使所述至少一个保持螺栓延伸穿过所述至少一个槽,以允许所述夹紧构件沿着所述驱动轴线运动。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述至少一个保持螺栓包括第一保持螺栓和第二保特螺栓,所述方法进一步包括以下步骤:
在每个夹紧构件中形成第一槽和第二槽;以及
将所述第一保持螺栓和所述第二保持螺栓布置成使得所述第一保持螺栓和所述第二保持螺栓分别延伸穿过所述第一槽和所述第二槽,以限制所述夹紧构件相对于所述框架沿着所述驱动轴线运动。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中:
所述致动系统包括至少一个致动构件,所述致动构件包括筒体和轴;
所述筒体可转动地固定到所述框架的一部分上;
所述轴可转动地固定到所述致动套圈的一部分上;并且
在第一模式中将所述致动构件激发而使得所述轴从所述筒体伸出,从而使所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动。
16.一种夹紧系统,用于将限定了驱动轴线的振动系统连接到限定了桩内表面的桩上,所述夹紧系统包括:
框架,其包括:
用于操作地连接到所述振动系统的附接构件;
限定了止动轮廓表面的止动环;和
用于固定所述附接构件和所述止动环之间的距离的中心构件;
多个夹紧构件,其固定到所述中心构件,用于沿着所述驱动轴线和从所述驱动轴线沿径向的受限运动,其中每个夹紧构件都限定了第一轮廓表面和第二轮廓表面;
致动套圈,其限定了致动轮廓表面;以及
致动系统,其用于移动所述致动套圈;由此
所述框架支撑所述致动系统和所述致动套圈,使得所述第一轮廓表面与所述致动轮廓表面接合,并且所述第二轮廓表面与所述止动轮廓表面接合;
所述致动系统的操作使所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动;
随着所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动,所述致动轮廓表面作用在所述第一轮廓表面上,并且所述止动轮廓表面作用在所述第二轮廓表面上,使得所述夹紧构件移动离开所述驱动轴线,以将所述夹紧系统置于接合构造中;并且
当所述夹紧系统处于所述接合构造中时,所述夹紧构件用于摩擦地接合所述桩内表面。
17.如权利要求16所述的夹紧系统,其进一步包括用于每个夹紧构件的至少一个复位弹簧,其中所述复位弹簧布置成朝向所述驱动轴线偏压所述夹紧构件。
18.如权利要求17所述的夹紧系统,其进一步包括用于每个夹紧构件的至少一个保持螺栓,其中所述保持螺栓布置成限制所述夹紧构件相对于所述框架的运动。
19.如权利要求18所述的夹紧系统,其进一步包括形成在每个夹紧构件中的至少一个槽,其中所述保持螺栓延伸穿过所述槽,以允许所述夹紧构件沿着所述驱动轴线运动。
20.如权利要求16所述的夹紧系统,其中:
所述致动系统包括用于每个夹紧构件的致动构件,其中每个致动构件都包括筒体和轴;
所述筒体可转动地固定到所述框架的一部分上;
所述轴可转动地固定到所述致动套圈的一部分上;并且
在第一模式中将所述致动构件激发而使得所述轴从所述筒体伸出,从而使所述致动套圈朝向所述止动环移动。
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US13/077,664 | 2011-03-31 | ||
US13/077,664 US8434969B2 (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2011-03-31 | Internal pipe clamp |
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CN200971504Y (zh) * | 2006-10-20 | 2007-11-07 | 刘效凡 | 静力钻旋压式压桩机 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9957684B2 (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2018-05-01 | American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. | Systems and methods for installing pile structures in permafrost |
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US8434969B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 |
CN102296608A (zh) | 2011-12-28 |
US20110243668A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
HK1163763A1 (zh) | 2012-09-14 |
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