CN102276492A - 阿戈美拉汀中间体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

阿戈美拉汀中间体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102276492A
CN102276492A CN2010101973700A CN201010197370A CN102276492A CN 102276492 A CN102276492 A CN 102276492A CN 2010101973700 A CN2010101973700 A CN 2010101973700A CN 201010197370 A CN201010197370 A CN 201010197370A CN 102276492 A CN102276492 A CN 102276492A
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张鹏
黄雨
袁哲东
单汉滨
俞雄
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Abstract

本发明涉及制备阿戈美拉汀的中间体化合物及其制备方法技术领域。本发明所说的阿戈美拉汀中间体为下式的化合物A。本发明提供了两种新的中间体化合物,以该新中间体化合物来制备阿戈美拉汀操作简单、可控性好、纯度高,后处理无精馏、柱层析分离等繁琐操作,非常适合应用于工业化生产。同时,本发明的两个新中间体其本身的制备方法简单,收率高,以最常用的7-甲氧基四氢萘酮为起始原料,仅一步反应可得,然后再一步反应就可得到目标产物阿戈美拉汀,大大缩短了现有制备阿戈美拉汀技术的反应步骤,提高了反应收率,革除了传统路线中纯化困难的技术问题,一般收率稳定在70%以上。

Description

阿戈美拉汀中间体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制备阿戈美拉汀(agomelatine)的中间体化合物及其制备方法技术领域。 
背景技术
阿戈美拉汀(agomelatine)的化学结构如式(Ⅰ)所示,化学名为N-[2-(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙基]乙酰胺,商品名Valdoxan。它具有双重作用,不仅是褪黑激素能系统受体的激动剂,还有拮抗5HT2C受体的作用,其性质使其在中枢神经系统具备活性,尤其在严重抑郁症、季节性情感障碍、睡眠障碍、心血管疾病、消化系统疾病、飞行时差引起的失眠和疲劳、食欲紊乱和肥胖症的治疗中具有活性。它是第一个褪黑激素类抗抑郁药,能有效治疗抑郁症,改善睡眠参数和保持性功能。2009年2月24日在欧盟获得了上市批准,其商品名为Valdoxan/Thymanax
Figure BSA00000139068800012
。 
Figure BSA00000139068800013
考虑到该化合物的药用价值,能够以一种有效的工业合成方法得到该化合物,即,可容易地转化为工业规模并以良好的产率及较高的纯度得到阿戈美拉汀的方法,是很重要的。 
已见报道的阿戈美拉汀的合成方法较多,但概括其合成方法大致可分为四大 类,起始原料均是在欧洲专利说明书EP0447285中报道了一种阿戈美拉汀(Ⅰ)的制备方法:以7-甲氧基四氢萘酮(Ⅱ)与溴乙酸乙酯经Reformatsky反应、硫脱氢芳构化制得(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙酸乙酯(Ⅳ),之后再经水解、酰氯化、氨化、脱水消除、还原制得化合物(Ⅷ),最后乙酰化制得阿戈美拉汀(Ⅰ)。如下式所示: 
Figure BSA00000139068800021
但上述方法存在一些缺陷: 
(1)用了8步合成2-(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙胺,平均收率小于30%。 
(2)在转化为工业规模时,发现难以实施该反应,主要是由第一步的再现性问题导致的,第一步包括7-甲氧基四氢萘酮(Ⅱ)与溴乙酸乙酯经Reformatsky反应产生(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-(2H)-萘撑基)乙酸乙酯,该步骤需要用苯做溶剂,考虑到环境因素,不符合工业化生产的要求。 
(3)(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-(2H)-萘撑基)乙酸乙酯芳构化的后续步骤 常常是不完全的,并且在皂化后得到混合物,难以纯化得到纯的产品(Ⅳ)。 
在中国专利说明书CN1680284中报道了合成阿戈美拉汀的另一种制备方法:以7-甲氧基四氢萘酮(Ⅱ)与氰乙酸反应生成中间体化合物,中间体(Ⅶ)在氢化催化剂Pd-C存在下,以甲基丙烯酸丙酯作为脱氢剂进行脱氢,再经还原制得制得化合物(Ⅷ),最后乙酰化制得阿戈美拉汀(Ⅰ),总收率约72%。如下式所示: 
但上述方法存在一些缺陷: 
(1)该反应路线使用了一些致癌试剂,如在式(Ⅱ)转化为式(Ⅸ)使用了毒性大的苄胺/庚酸催化剂体系。 
(2)在式(Ⅸ)转化为式(Ⅶ)中使用甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯为脱氢剂,不但产生了大量的环境污染,而且在实际操作过程中发现该步反应收率较低,并难以重现。 
(3)在式(Ⅶ)转化为式(Ⅷ)的氢化反应中伴随生成如式(Ⅻ)的副产物,由于性质相似,而且是倒数第二步生成,较难纯化,重结晶收率损失过大。 
Figure BSA00000139068800032
考虑到阿戈美拉汀的药用价值及良好的市场前景,能够以一种有效的可工业 化的方法合成式(Ⅰ)化合物,是很重要的。 
发明内容
本发明目的之一就是提供制备阿戈美拉汀的两个新的中间体化合物,利用该新化合物制备阿戈美拉汀,操作简便、后处理简单(无精馏、柱层析分离等繁琐操作)、可控性好、纯度和收率较高,适于工业化生产。 
本发明另一目的是提供阿戈美拉汀两个新中间体化合物的制备方法及应用。 
为达上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下: 
如下式的化合物A: 
化合物A的制备方法,该方法是将式C化合物在催化加氢和乙酸酐的条件下还原酰化 
Figure BSA00000139068800042
上述式C化合物转化为式A化合物反应,使用的催化剂为常用的金属催化剂,如活性钴,活性镍(活性Ni)等,优选Raney-Ni;所述的催化剂用量的为化合物C的质量的0.1-0.3倍;乙酸酐的用量为化合物C摩尔量的1-3倍,更佳的为1-1.3倍。反应使用的有机溶剂为常用有机溶剂,二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙腈或乙酸酐等,优选四氢呋喃。反应温度较佳的为10-50℃,更佳的为20-30℃。反应的时间以检测反应物消耗完为止,一般为6小时-12小时。反应结束后,可按 本领域常规方法进行后处理。 
化合物A用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,该方法是将化合物A脱水芳构化,得目标产物式Ⅰ 
Figure BSA00000139068800051
上述式A化合物转化为式Ⅰ化合物的芳构化反应,所用的脱氢剂优选为二氯二氰基苯醌(DDQ),所述的脱氢剂用量较佳的为化合物A的摩尔量的1-3倍,更佳的为1-1.3。反应所使用的有机溶剂为常用有机溶剂,如甲苯、二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙腈、冰醋酸等中的一种或几种的混合物,优选甲苯和冰醋酸的混合溶剂、乙腈和冰醋酸的混合溶剂或冰醋酸。所述的有机溶剂的用量一般为10~50ml/g化合物A。所述的反应的温度较佳的为30-150℃,更佳的为50-100℃。反应的时间以检测反应物消耗完为止,一般为30分钟-12小时。反应结束后,可按本领域常规方法进行后处理。 
如下式的化合物B: 
化合物B的制备方法,该方法是将式A化合物在酸性条件脱水: 
Figure BSA00000139068800053
上述式A化合物转化为式B化合物反应,所用的酸为常用酸,如氢卤酸、硫酸、醋酸等。所用的有机溶剂为常用有机溶剂,如醇类、二氧六环、四氢呋喃、 乙腈等,优选醇类溶剂如乙酸乙酯、丙酮等。所述的有机溶剂的用量一般为10~50ml/g化合物A。所述的反应的温度较佳的为-20-40℃,更佳的为0-30℃。反应的时间以检测反应物消耗完为止,一般为1-3h。反应结束后,可按本领域常规方法进行后处理。 
化合物B用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,该方法是将式B化合物在脱氢剂作用下反应得目标产物式Ⅰ: 
Figure BSA00000139068800061
上述式B化合物转化为式Ⅰ化合物过程中,所用的脱氢剂优选二氯二氰基苯醌(DDQ),脱氢剂的用量较佳的为化合物B的摩尔量的1-3倍,更佳的为1-1.3。所用的有机溶剂为常用有机溶剂,如二氯甲烷、二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙腈、冰醋酸等,优选二氯甲烷或甲苯。所述的有机溶剂的用量一般为10~50ml/g化合物B。所述的反应的温度较佳的为0-50℃,更佳的为10-30℃。反应的时间以检测反应物消耗完为止,一般为30分钟-6小时。反应结束后,可按本领域常规方法进行后处理。 
阿戈美拉汀的制备方法,其步骤如下: 
a、将式C化合物在催化加氢和乙酸酐的条件下还原酰化得化合物A 
Figure BSA00000139068800062
b、化合物A在脱氢剂作用下脱水芳构化,得目标产物式Ⅰ 
Figure BSA00000139068800071
本发明中阿戈美拉汀的制备方法,也可以是先将式A化合物在酸性条件脱水生成式B化合物,然后在脱氢剂作用下反应得目标产物式Ⅰ: 
Figure BSA00000139068800072
本发明中中间体式C可按如下方法制得:式II化合物与乙腈在催化剂条件下缩合得式C化合物; 
Figure BSA00000139068800073
上述式Ⅱ化合物转化为式C化合物反应中,所述的催化剂为丁基锂试剂,所述的催化剂以及乙腈的用量为化合物II摩尔量的1-3倍,更佳的为1-1.3倍。所述的有机溶剂为无水有机溶剂,如二氧六环、四氢呋喃等,需做无水处理或直接购买。所述的有机溶剂的用量一般为5~20ml/g化合物II。反应温度较佳的为-80--50℃,更佳的为-70--60℃。反应的时间以检测反应物消耗完为止,一般为1分钟-3小时。反应结束后,可按本领域常规方法进行后处理。 
所述的化合物C也可采用相关文献Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,1976,19(6),803等相关文献公开的方法制得。 
本发明所用试剂及原料除特别说明外,均市售可得。 
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供了两种新的中间体化合物,以该新中间体化 合物来制备阿戈美拉汀操作简单、可控性好、纯度高,后处理无精馏、柱层析分离等繁琐操作,非常适合应用于工业化生产。同时,本发明的两个新中间体其本身的制备方法简单,收率高,以最常用的7-甲氧基四氢萘酮(Ⅱ)为起始原料,仅一步反应可得,然后再一步反应就可得到目标产物阿戈美拉汀,大大缩短了现有制备阿戈美拉汀技术的反应步骤,提高了反应收率,革除了传统路线中纯化困难的技术问题,一般收率稳定在70%以上。 
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。 
实施例1: 
1)2-(1-羟基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基)乙腈(化合物C)的合成 
将乙腈(19.0ml)与无水四氢呋喃(50ml)加入反应釜中,采用干冰乙醇冷却至-70度,后缓慢滴加正丁基锂(2.5M,142.0ml)的正己烷溶液,维持此温搅拌0.5小时,再缓慢滴加含化合物Ⅱ(44.6g)的无水四氢呋喃溶液(300ml)中,滴完维持此温继续搅拌1小时;后处理用饱和氯化铵溶液(700ml)催灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(350mlx3)萃取,合并有机层,用饱和食盐水(350ml)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得类白色产品(54.3g)。产率:98.3% 
实施例2: 
2)N-[2-(1-羟基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基)乙基]乙酰胺(化合物A)的合成 
将化合物C(54.3g)溶于四氢呋喃(500ml)中,加入醋酸酐(33.1g)与Raney-Ni(10g),维持氢气压力1.1MPa,于30℃反应,直至反应完全;冷却至 室温,过滤,浓缩除去四氢呋喃,余液用乙酸乙酯(500ml)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3溶液(150ml)、水(150ml)、饱和食盐水(150ml)分别洗涤,所得有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥;过滤,浓缩得类白色产品A(56.0g)。产率:85% 1HNMR(CDCl3)δ:1.77-1.98(m,4H),1.92(s,3H),2.01-2.11(m,2H),2.28(s,OH),2.67-2.77(m,2H),3.28-3.50(m,2H),3.80(s,3H),6.32(s,NH),6.74-7.27(m,3H)。 
ESI-MS(m/z):286.1(M+Na)。 
实施例3: 
3)N-[2-(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙基]乙酰胺(化合物Ⅰ)的合成 
将化合物A(56.0g)溶于甲苯(500ml)与醋酸(50ml)中,加入DDQ(53.2g),40℃回流约5小时,反应完全冷,过滤,母液用饱和NaHCO3溶液(250mlx2)、水(250ml)、饱和食盐水(250ml)分别洗涤,所得有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥;过滤,蒸除溶剂,剩余物用乙醇-水(1∶1)重结晶,烘干得白色粉末(43.8g)。 产率:85% 
实施例4: 
1)2-(1-羟基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基)乙腈(化合物C)的合成 
将乙腈(9.5ml)与无水四氢呋喃(25ml)加入反应釜中,采用干冰乙醇冷却至-70度,后缓慢滴加正丁基锂(2.5M,71.0ml)的正己烷溶液,维持此温搅拌0.5小时,再缓慢滴加含化合物Ⅱ(22.3g)的无水四氢呋喃溶液(150ml)中,滴完维持此温继续搅拌1小时;后处理用饱和氯化铵溶液(350ml)催灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(200mlx3)萃取,合并有机层,用饱和食盐水(200ml)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得类白色产品(27.2g)。产率:98.4% 
实施例5: 
2)N-[2-(1-羟基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基)乙基]乙酰胺(化合物A)的合成 
将化合物C(27.2g)溶于四氢呋喃(250ml)中,加入醋酸酐(15.6g)与Raney-Ni(4g),维持氢气压力1.1MPa,于30℃反应,直至反应完全;冷却至室温,过滤,浓缩除去四氢呋喃,余液用乙酸乙酯(250ml)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3溶液(100ml)、水(100ml)、饱和食盐水(100ml)分别洗涤,所得有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥;过滤,浓缩得类白色产品(28.0g)。产率:85% 1HNMR(CDCl3)δ:1.77-1.98(m,4H),1.92(s,3H),2.01-2.11(m,2H),2.28(s,OH),2.67-2.77(m,2H),3.28-3.50(m,2H),3.80(s,3H),6.32(s,NH),6.74-7.27(m,3H)。 
ESI-MS(m/z):286.1(M+Na)。 
实施例6: 
3)N-[2-(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢萘基)乙基]乙酰胺(化合物B)的合成将化合物A(28.0g)溶于乙酸乙酯(300ml)中,形成悬浊液,于室温下滴加浓盐酸(12M,13.3ml),浓液逐渐变澄清,继续搅拌2小时;反应液倾倒如水(150ml),分液,有机相用饱和NaHCO3(150mlx2)、饱和食盐水(150ml)洗涤,无水NaSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩得到油状物(25.5g)。产率:97.8% 1HNMR(CDCl3)δ:1.944(s,3H),2.21-2.27(m,2H),2.61-2.69(m,4H),3.40-3.45(m,2H),3.80(s,3H),5.59(s,NH),5.90-5.93(m,1H),6.68-7.05(m,3H)。 
ESI-MS(m/z):268.3(M+Na)。 
实施例7: 
4)N-[2-(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙基]乙酰胺(化合物Ⅰ)的合成将化合物B(25.5g)溶于二氯甲烷(250ml)中,分批加入DDQ(26.1g),室温搅拌过夜;反应完全,过滤,母液用饱和NaHCO3溶液(150mlx2)、水(150ml)、饱和食盐水(150ml)分别洗涤,所得有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥;过滤,蒸除溶剂,剩余物用乙醇-水(1∶1)重结晶,烘干得白色粉末(46.4g)。 产率:91.8%。 

Claims (16)

1.如下式的化合物A:
Figure FSA00000139068700011
2.如下式的化合物B:
Figure FSA00000139068700012
3.如权利要求1所述化合物A的制备方法,该方法是将式C化合物在催化加氢和乙酸酐的条件下还原酰化
Figure FSA00000139068700013
4.如权利要求3所述化合物A的制备方法,其特征在于:所说的金属催化剂为Raney-Ni,用量为化合物C的质量的0.1-0.3倍。
5.如权利要求3所述化合物A的制备方法,其特征在于:所说的乙酸酐的用量为化合物C摩尔量的1-1.3倍。
6.化合物A用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,该方法是将化合物A脱水芳构化,得目标产物式Ⅰ
Figure FSA00000139068700014
7.如权利要求6所述化合物A用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,其特征在于:所说的芳构化反应使用的脱氢剂为二氯二氰基苯醌。
8.如权利要求6所述化合物A用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,其特征在于:所说的脱氢剂用量为化合物A摩尔量的1-3倍。
9.如权利要求6所述化合物A用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,其特征在于:反应所使用的有机溶剂为甲苯和冰醋酸的混合溶剂、乙腈和冰醋酸的混合溶剂或冰醋酸。
10.如权利要求2所述化合物B的制备方法,该方法是将式A化合物在酸性条件脱水得到:
Figure FSA00000139068700021
11.化合物B用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,该方法是将式B化合物在脱氢剂作用下反应得目标产物式Ⅰ:
Figure FSA00000139068700022
12.如权利要求11所述化合物B用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,其特征在于:所说的脱氢剂为二氯二氰基苯醌。
13.如权利要求11所述化合物B用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,其特征在于:所说的脱氢剂的用量为化合物B的摩尔量的1-3倍。
14.如权利要求11所述化合物B用于制备阿戈美拉汀的方法,其特征在于:反应所用的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或甲苯。
15.阿戈美拉汀的制备方法,其步骤如下:
a、将式C化合物在催化加氢和乙酸酐的条件下还原酰化得化合物A
Figure FSA00000139068700031
b、化合物A在脱氢剂作用下脱水芳构化,得目标产物式Ⅰ
Figure FSA00000139068700032
16.如权利要求15所述的阿戈美拉汀的制备方法,其特征在于:先将式A化合物在酸性条件脱水生成式B化合物,然后在脱氢剂作用下反应得目标产物式Ⅰ:
Figure FSA00000139068700033
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唐家邓等: "阿戈美拉汀的合成", 《中国医药工业杂志》 *
胡茂荣等: "阿戈美拉汀:一种新型抗抑郁药", 《中国新药与临床杂志》 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102452951A (zh) * 2010-10-25 2012-05-16 天津泰普药品科技发展有限公司 阿戈美拉汀及其药物组合物
WO2014056421A1 (zh) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 江西同和药业有限责任公司 1-氰基-1-(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)甲醇酯类化合物及其制备方法和应用
CN114829338A (zh) * 2019-12-23 2022-07-29 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 脱氢方法
CN114829338B (zh) * 2019-12-23 2024-05-03 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 脱氢方法

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