CN102046474A - 包装机 - Google Patents

包装机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102046474A
CN102046474A CN2009801193032A CN200980119303A CN102046474A CN 102046474 A CN102046474 A CN 102046474A CN 2009801193032 A CN2009801193032 A CN 2009801193032A CN 200980119303 A CN200980119303 A CN 200980119303A CN 102046474 A CN102046474 A CN 102046474A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wrapping machine
backer roll
core
sealing band
tubular article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN2009801193032A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN102046474B (zh
Inventor
R·博尔萨里
S·科斯塔
C·费拉里
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Original Assignee
Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA filed Critical Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Publication of CN102046474A publication Critical patent/CN102046474A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102046474B publication Critical patent/CN102046474B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/16—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by rotary members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/346—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81457—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a block or layer of deformable material, e.g. sponge, foam, rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B29C66/81812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws the welding jaws being cooled from the outside, e.g. by blowing a gas or spraying a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83417—Roller, cylinder or drum types said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
    • B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
    • B29C53/48—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of indefinite length, i.e. bending a strip progressively
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0018—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment being sterile
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由具有厚度不均匀的表面(11，15)的包装材料的幅(3)生产密封包装(2)的包装机(1)，该包装机包括：用于将表面(11，15)压向相应的成形辊(21)以密封包装(2)的加压辊(22)，其中加压辊(22)包括可弹性变形的本体(30)；包括与本体(30)协作的第一端部表面(34)以及在径向内侧的第二端部表面(33)的芯(31)；芯(31)包括第一部分(40)和第二部分(41)；第一和第二表面(34)之间在第一部分(40)的径向间距大于在第二部分(41)的径向间距。

Description

包装机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由包装材料的幅生产食物制品的密封包装的包装机；本发明更具体地涉及一种包括将在上述包装的成形和密封阶段中使用的新型加压辊的包装机。
背景技术
如已知的，使用由已消毒的包装材料制成的包装出售许多食物制品，例如，果汁、巴氏消毒的或UHT(超热处理)牛奶、葡萄酒、番茄汁等。
这种包装的典型实例是公知为无菌利乐砖(注册商标)的用于液体或可倾倒食物制品的平行六面体形状的包装，通过折叠和密封层叠的条状包装材料制造无菌利乐砖。
包装材料具有多层结构，多层结构主要包括：用于刚度和强度的基层，基层可由诸如纸的纤维材料或矿物填充聚丙烯材料层形成；以及覆盖基层两侧的多个热封塑性材料(例如，聚乙烯薄膜)层。
在可长期保存的制品(例如，UHT牛奶)的无菌包装的情况中，包装材料还包括诸如铝箔或乙烷乙烯醇(EVOH)膜的气体和光阻隔材料层，气体和光阻隔材料层重叠在热封塑性材料上，并进而覆盖有形成最终与食物制品接触的包装内表面的另一热封塑性材料层。
如已知的，在全自动包装机上生产这种包装，在全自动包装机上，由以幅材形式供给包装材料连续地形成筒状物。更具体地，包装材料的幅从卷轴展开，并被供给经过用于施加热封塑性材料的密封带的工作台，并被供给经过包装机上的消毒室，在消毒室中，通过使用诸如过氧化氢(之后通过加热使其蒸发)的消毒剂和/或通过使包装材料受到适当波长和强度的光线的辐射，对幅进行消毒。
包装材料的幅随后被供给经过幅被保持在无菌空气环境中的消毒室，并被供给经过与包装材料相互作用的多个成形组件从而自密封带将幅逐渐折叠成筒状。
更具体地，密封带的第一部分被施加到材料的最终构成包装内侧的表面上的包装材料的第一纵向边缘；并且密封带的第二部分从第一纵向边缘突出。
成形组件连续地设置并包括相应的辊折叠构件，辊折叠构件限定截面从C形状逐渐变化为大体圆形形状的多个强制性包装材料通道。
当第二纵向边缘与折叠构件相互作用时，第二纵向边缘相对于所形成的筒状物的轴线被置于第一纵向边缘的外侧。更具体地，密封带全部位于筒状物内，而第二纵向边缘的面向筒状物轴线的表面部分地重叠在密封带的第二部分上，并且部分地重叠在第一纵向边缘的位于所述密封带的第一部分的相对侧上的表面。
上述类型的包装机是已知的，在该包装机中，第一和第二纵向边缘被热封从而沿筒状物形成纵向密封带，筒状物随后被填充消毒或用巴氏法灭菌的食物制品，并沿均匀分隔的横截面密封和切割筒状物以形成枕状包装，枕状包装随后被以机械方式折叠而形成相应的平行六面体形状的包装。
更具体地，热封操作包括：用于加热无密封带的第二纵向边缘的第一加热步骤；以及用于挤压密封带和纵向边缘的第二加压步骤。
第一加热步骤使第二纵向边缘的聚乙烯层熔化，由此通过传导将热量传递到第一纵向边缘和密封带，从而使第一纵向边缘的聚乙烯层和密封带的热封材料熔化。
在第二加压步骤中，筒状物被供给到在筒状物外侧的多个第一棍与在筒状物内侧的至少一个第二辊之间。
更具体地，第一辊限定用于包装材料筒状物的强制性圆形通道，并具有在垂直于筒状物的路径的平面中的各个轴线。
第二辊具有与相应的第一辊的轴线平行的轴线，并将密封带和包装材料的纵向边缘压靠在相应的第一辊上，因此，密封带的热封材料与纵向边缘的聚乙烯层完全地共混，并形成限定筒状物的纵向密封物的分子联结。
更具体地，第二辊与厚度不均匀的表面(即，限定沿密封带的中心线的阶台)协作。密封带的第二部分在实际中直接重叠在第二纵向边缘的内表面上，而第一纵向边缘设置在第二纵向边缘的内表面与密封带的第一部之间，因而第一部分比第二部分更靠近加压辊的轴线。
厚度的这种差异使极不均匀的压力施加在密封带上。更具体地，压力在阶台处最大，并且在密封带的第一部分上的压力大于在密封带的第二部分上的压力。
因此，具有在密封带的第二部分上的压力不足以将第二部分完全密封到第二纵向边缘的在筒状物内侧的表面的危险，由此造成不连续的纵向密封。
在包装机工业中需要提供一种能够对整个密封带施加充分的压力从而确保聚乙烯完全地共混并由此防止形成不连续的纵向密封的加压辊。
本发明的目的是提供一种设置为以直接的低成本的方式实现上述优点的包装机。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种如权利要求1所述的、用于由包装材料的幅生产食物制品的密封包装的包装机。
附图说明
将参照附图以示例的方式描述本发明的多个优选的非限制性实施例，在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的可倾倒食物制品包装机的立体示意图；
图2示出了图1的包装机的多个操作台的放大视图；
图3示出了包括根据本发明的加压辊的图1和图2的包装机的工作台的立体图；
图4示出了沿图3的线IV-IV剖开的剖视图，其中为了清楚移除多个部件；
图5示出了沿图4的线V-V剖开的放大剖视图，其中为了清楚移除多个部件；
图6示出了图3和图5的加压辊的纵向剖视图；
图6A示出了图6的加压辊的可替换实施例的纵向剖视图；
图7至图9分别示出了图3和图5的加压辊的第二、第三以及第四实施例的纵向剖视图；
图10示出了图3和图5的加压辊的第五实施例的立体图，其中为了清楚移除多个部件；以及
图11示出了图3和图5的加压辊的第六实施例的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1中的附图标记1表示用于由包装材料的幅3连续地生产食物制品的密封包装2的包装机整体，包装材料的幅3从卷轴4展开并沿成形路径P被供给。
包装机1优选地生产诸如巴氏法灭菌或UHT牛奶、水果汁、葡萄酒、豌豆、豆类等可倾倒食物制品的密封包装2。
包装机1还可生产在生产包装2时为可倾倒形式而在密封包装2之后固化的食物制品的密封包装2。这种食物制品的一个实例是奶酪部分，奶酪部分在生产包装2时熔化而在密封包装2之后固化。
包装材料具有多层结构，多层结构主要包括：用于刚度和强度的基层，基层可由诸如纸的纤维材料或填充矿物质的聚丙烯材料制成；以及覆盖基层两侧的多个热封塑性材料(例如，聚乙烯薄膜)层。
更具体地，幅3由诸如辊或类似物质的引导构件5沿路径P供给，并连续地行进经过多个示意性示出的工作台：用于将密封带9(为了清楚，在图5中厚度被放大示出)施加到幅3的工作台6；用于形成包装材料的筒状物10的成形工作台7；以及用于沿筒状物10热密封纵向密封物14的工作台8。
包装机1还包括：用于将已消毒或消毒处理过食物制品连续地倾倒于包装材料的筒状物10中的填充装置12；以及沿均匀分隔的横截面抓取、密封以及切割筒状物10以形成一连串的包装2的夹钳式成形组件(未示出)。
更具体地，在工作台6，首先通过空气或感应加热幅3的平行于路径P的纵向边缘11以熔化塑料层。幅3具有与边缘11相对并还平行于路径P的纵向边缘15。
接着，首先将密封带9的一部分16(图5)施加到边缘11的最终面向包装2内侧的表面，同时密封带9的另一部分17从边缘11突出。
最后，通过辊(未示出)将密封带9按压到纵向边缘11上。
更具体地，密封带9由热封塑性材料制成。
密封带9防止一旦形成筒状物10和筒状物的密封物14时边缘11吸收食物制品，并还用于改进密封物14的气体阻隔性能和物理强度。
工作台7包括沿路径P连续设置的多个成形组件13，成形组件13与幅3逐渐相互作用而将幅折叠成筒状物10的形式。
更具体地，成形组件13包括相应的多个辊，多个辊限定相应的强制性的包装材料通道，包装材料通道的各个截面从C形状逐渐变化为大体圆形的形状。
更具体地，每个成形组件13中的辊的轴线位于垂直于路径P的相关平面中。
如图5所示，成形组件13逐渐地形成筒状物10，使得边缘15相对于筒状物10的轴线位于边缘11的外侧。更具体地，当形成筒状物10时，密封带9位于筒状物10内侧，边缘15的内表面部分地叠置在密封带9的部分17上，并部分地叠置在边缘11的外表面上。
工作台8包括用于加热边缘15并使边缘15的聚乙烯层局部熔化的加热设备(未示出)。通过传导将热量从边缘15传递到边缘11和密封带9，从而使边缘11的聚乙烯层和密封带9的热封材料局部熔化。
工作台8还包括：限定用于筒状物10的强制性圆形通道的多个成形辊20、21；以及至少一个辊22，辊22用于在筒状物10内侧将密封带9的部分17、密封带9的部分16以及边缘11按压在边缘15的表面上，因而边缘11、15的聚乙烯层与密封带9的热封材料完全地共混而形成限定筒状物10的密封物14的分子联结。
更具体地，辊20、21位于筒状物10的外侧，而加压辊22位于筒状物10的内侧。
参照图3，辊20、21是从动辊，并且它们的轴线A(在图4和图5中仅示出了一条轴线)位于垂直于路径P的平面中。由辊20、21限定的圆形通道具有与纵向密封筒状物10的最终直径相等的直径。
每个辊20、21在垂直于各自轴线A的各自的中央平面中具有最小的直径，并且每个辊20、21的直径从它的轴向端部朝向所述中央平面减小。
加压辊22被安装为从动辊，加压辊22面向相应的辊21设置，并具有与相应的辊21的轴线A平行的轴线B。
更具体地，加压辊22的长度和直径小于相应的辊21。
加压辊22(图6)主要包括：本体30；以及同轴地装纳在本体30中的芯31。
更具体地，本体30由可弹性变形的材料制成，例如，橡胶。
芯31由比本体30更刚硬的材料(例如，塑性聚合物材料)制成，并优选地由聚醚醚酮(即，在商业上称为“PEEK”的聚合物)制成。
本体30和芯31分别限定加压辊22的外部径向端面32和内部径向端面33。
本体30被与表面32相对的表面35径向向内约束；芯31由与表面33相对并与表面35协作的表面34径向向外约束。
表面32、33优选地以距离轴线B恒定的径向间距延伸，因而加压辊22为中空圆柱形的形式。
有利地，芯31包括部分40和部分41，并且在部分40上、表面33与表面34之间的径向间距大于在部分41上、表面33与表面34之间的径向间距，即，部分40在径向上比部分41更厚。
部分40整体地位于与加压辊22的轴线B垂直的中央平面Q的一侧，而部分41被平面Q横切。
部分40、41为圆柱形。
芯30包括沿径向设置在表面33与表面34之间的两个相对的轴向端部25、26。
更具体地(图6)，芯31从端部25到端部26包括：
——圆柱形部分42和轴肩43；
——部分40；
——部分45，在部分45中，表面33与表面34之间的径向间距减小；以及
——部分41。
更具体地，表面34包括限定径向外侧部分45的截头圆锥形部分。
表面34的截头圆锥形部分从端部25到端部26相对于轴线B汇聚。
作为替换物(示于图6A中)，表面33可在轴端26以比芯31的其余部位更大的、距离轴线B的径向间距延伸，这种设置的优点是能够明确地限定加压辊21在包装机1上的安装方向。
本体30包括在表面32与表面35之间径向延伸的两个相对的端部27、28。更具体地，芯31的端部25、26从本体30的相应端部27、28轴向突出。
本体30从端部27到端部28包括围绕芯31的各个部分40、45、41的多个部分50、51、52。
更具体地，部分50和52为圆柱形，并且部分50的径向厚度(即，表面32与表面35之间的径向间距)小于部分52的径向厚度。
部分51的径向厚度从端部27到端部28增加。
本体30的部分50、52分别与密封带9的部分17、16协作(图5)。
由于部分17直接在筒状物10内重叠边缘15的表面上，而部分16施加到边缘11，边缘11进而重叠在边缘15的内表面上，所以加压辊22将厚度极不均匀(即，限定阶台)的表面压靠在辊21上，在所示的实例中，厚度极不均匀的表面沿密封带的纵向中心线设置。更具体地，不均匀的表面在密封带9的部分16上较厚，在密封带9的部分17上较薄。
因此，与本体30的部分50(图5中示出了变形的部分50)协作的表面比与比本体30的部分52协作的表面更薄。
如图3和图4所示，通过弹性设备将加压辊22压靠在相应的辊21上。更具体地，弹性设备包括片簧55，片簧55具有固定到装置12的第一端以及与第一端相对、固定到支撑装置56的第二端，加压辊22关于支撑装置56绕轴线B旋转。
在实际使用中，幅3从卷轴4展开并沿路径P被供给。
更具体地，幅3由引导构件5沿路径P供给，并连续地行进经过工作台6、7、8。
在工作台6，边缘11被加热，并且密封带9的部分16被施加到边缘11的最终面向包装2内侧的表面。一旦部分16被施加到边缘11，部分17从边缘11突出。
接着，幅3与成形组件13逐渐相互作用，幅3被折叠以重叠边缘11、15，并形成尚未纵向密封的筒状物10。
更具体地，成形组件13使幅3(图3)折叠，因此，密封带9位于至今尚未密封的筒状物10的内侧，边缘15相对于筒状物10(仍需纵向密封)的轴线位于边缘11和部分17的径向外侧，边缘11位于密封带9的部分16的径向外侧(图5)。
在工作台8，边缘15被加热从而使聚乙烯层熔化，通过传导将热量从边缘15传递到边缘11和密封带9，从而使边缘11的聚乙烯层和密封带9的热封材料熔化。
接着，筒状物10被供给经过由辊20、21限定的圆形通道。边缘11、15和密封带9在辊21与辊22之间被挤压，从而使边缘11、15的聚乙烯层与密封带9的热封材料共混，并由此形成最终的筒状物10的密封物14的分子联结。
更具体地，通过将密封带9的部分17以及边缘11的与部分16的相对侧的表面密封到边缘15的内表面，形成密封物14。
当形成密封物14时，本体30的部分50将密封带9的部分17按压到边缘15的内表面上，同时本体30的部分52将部分16和边缘11按压到边缘15的内表面上。
因此，本体30的部分50、52与具有阶台的同一表面的不同厚度的各个部分协作，在所示的实例中，各个部分沿密封带9的中心线设置。更具体地，部分52按压的所述表面的部分比部分50所按压的表面的部分更厚。
纵向密封筒状物10被装置12连续地填充可倾倒的食物制品，随后被供给经过夹钳式成形组件(未示出)，在夹钳式成形组件中，沿均匀分隔的横截面抓取、密封以及切割筒状物10以形成一连串的包装2。
图7中的附图标记22.1表示在根据本发明的包装机1中包含的加压辊的不同实施例的整体。
加压辊22.1与加压辊22类似，在下面仅描述加压辊22.1与加压辊22不同的方面，并在可能的情况下对加压辊22、22.1的相同或相应的部件使用相同的附图标记。
更具体地，加压辊22.1与加压辊22的不同之处在于芯31.1包括端部44，在端部44中，表面33与35之间的径向间距从端部25相对于轴线B增加。而且，表面34.1包括限定径向外侧端部44的截头圆锥形部分。
因此，从端部25到端部26，表面34.1的截头圆锥形部分相对于轴线B分离。
进一步，本体30.1包括包围芯31.1的端部44的端部49。端部49的径向厚度从端部27相对于轴线B增加。
有利地，本体30.1的包围芯31.1的端部44的端部49使得通过本体30.1能够更好地抓紧芯31.1，从而有利于在使用中使协作表面34.1与35之间的相互稳定性更大，并由此延长使用寿命。
图8中的附图标记22.2表示在根据本发明的包装机1中包含的加压辊的另一实施例的整体。加压辊22.2与加压辊22、22.1类似，下面仅描述加压辊22.2与加压辊22、22.1不同的方面，并在可能的情况下对加压辊22、22.1以及22.2的相同或相应的部件使用相同的附图标记。
更具体地，加压辊22.2与加压辊22.1的不同之处在于为中空的桶状，即，表面32.2从端部27相对于轴线B以逐渐增加的径向间距延伸到平面Q，并从平面Q相对于轴线B以逐渐减小的径向间距延伸到端部28。
有利地，加压辊22.2使得通过适当地改变芯31.1和本体30.2的径向尺寸能够使由表面32.2施加的压力以任何预定的方式分布。本体30.2的中空桶状使得挤压辊22.2在被包含到用于生产小直径筒状物10的包装机中时特别有利。
图9中的附图标记22.3表示在根据本发明的包装机1中包含的加压辊的另一实施例的整体。加压辊22.3与加压辊22、22.1以及22.2类似，在下面仅描述加压辊22.3与加压辊22、22.1以及22.2不同的方面，并在可能的情况下对加压辊22、22.1、22.2的相同或相应的部件使用相同的附图标记。
加压辊22.3与加压辊22.2的不同之处具体在于芯31.3包括桶状部分40.3，即，在桶状部分40.3中，表面33与表面35.3之间的径向间距相对于轴线B、从端部25到平行并远离平面Q的平面R增加；具体地，表面33与表面35.3之间的径向间距同表面32.2与表面33之间的间距成比例地增加。因此，本体30.3的部分50.3(包围芯31.3的部分40.3)的厚度在端部27与平面R之间恒定。换言之，表面34.3与表面32.2之间的径向间距从端部25到平面R保持恒定。
有利地，根据本发明的包括加压辊22.3的包装机使得由表面32.2施加的压力能够特别均匀地分布，这是因为本体30.3的部分50.3的变形均匀地分布。
图10中的附图标记22.4表示在根据本发明的包装机1中包含的加压辊的另一实施例的整体。加压辊22.4与上述的加压辊类似，在下面仅描述加压辊22.4与上述加压辊不同的方面，并在可能的情况下对前面描述的所有的加压辊的相同或相应的部件使用相同的附图标记。
加压辊22.4与加压辊22.1的不同之处在于芯31.4包括轴向设置在部分41与45之间的圆柱形部分46；并且部分47的厚度从端部25到端部26逐渐增加。更具体地，部分47轴向设置在部分46与部分41之间。
本体30.4与本体30.1的不同之处在于包括包围各自部分46、47的两个部分57、58。
最后，表面33.4与表面33.1的不同之处在于在端部25以比在端部26距离轴线B更大的径向间距延伸。
图11中的附图标记22.5表示在根据本发明的包装机1中包含的加压辊的另一实施例的整体。加压辊22.5与上述的加压辊类似，在下面仅描述加压辊22.5与上述加压辊不同的方面，并在可能的情况下对前面描述的所有的加压辊的相同或相应的部件使用相同的附图标记。
加压辊22.5与加压辊22.3的不同之处在于芯31.5包括轴向设置在部分41与40.3之间的圆柱形部分46.5；并且部分47.5的厚度从端部25到端部26逐渐减小。更具体地，部分47.5轴向设置在部分46.5与部分41之间。
本体30.5与本体30.3不同之处在于包括包围各自部分46.5、47.5的两个部分57.5、58.5。
根据本发明的包括加压辊22.5的包装机特别适合于具有将被挤压的两个阶台表面的小直径筒状物10，即，具有以距离轴线B的三个不同的径向间距延伸的三个不同的部分的筒状物10。
通过上面的描述，根据本发明的包含上述的任一加压辊的包装机的优点将变得明显。
具体地，由刚性材料制成的芯31、31.1、31.3、31.4、31.5在部分40上的径向厚度大于在部分41的径向厚度，并且由可弹性变形材料制成的本体30在部分52上的径向厚度大于在部分50上的径向厚度。
换言之，包括部分40和50的辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5的部分相对于轴线B的径向刚度主要由刚性材料的芯31、31.1、31.3、31.4、31.5的部分40的刚度决定。类似地，包括部分41和52的辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5的部分相对于轴线B的径向刚度主要由可弹性变形材料的本体30、30.2的部分52的刚度决定。
因此，包括部分40和50的辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5的部分相对于轴线B的径向刚度大于包括部分41和52的辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5的部分。
因此，与密封带9的部分17协作的表面32的部分相对于轴线B的径向变形小于与密封带9的部分16协作的表面32的部分。
申请人注意到：由于上述的方面，施加在密封带9上的压力在所示的实例中与密封带9的中心线对应的阶台上最大，并且压力在两个部分16、17上保持足够大以确保密封物14的完全成形。
换言之，辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5在部分40、50上的较大的刚度补偿了叠置在两个边缘11、15上的部分16以及仅叠置在边缘15上的部分17。
而且，芯31、31.1、31.3、31.4、31.5的部分40、41的径向厚度的差异使得能够在不改变表面32、32.2、33的形状(即，辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5的总体外部几何图形)的情况下改变加压辊22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5的与密封带的部分16、17协作的部分的刚度。
换言之，加压辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5使得通过适当地改变芯31、31.1、31.3、31.4、31.5和本体30、30.1、30.2、30.3、30.4、30.5的径向尺寸能够使由表面32、32.2施加的压力以任何预定的方式分布。
加压辊22.1、22.3以及22.5在小直径筒状物10的情况中特别有利。
即，表面32.2设计为在不妨碍筒状物10的内表面的情况下工作，由此防止表面32.2的邻近端部27、28的部分在筒状物10的内表面上留下痕迹。
最后，加压辊22.4和22.5在包括部分40、50的第一部分具有第一刚度；在包括部分41、52的第二部分具有第二刚度；在包括部分46、58的第三部分具有第三刚度。
因此，加压辊22.4和22.5特别有利于挤压两个阶台的表面，即，具有以距离轴线B的三个不同的径向间距延伸的三个不同的部分。
明显地，可在不违背本发明的范围的情况下对包含在此描述的加压辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.4的包装机进行修改。
具体地，用于挤压厚度不均匀的片材表面的包装机可包括具有以距离轴线B的不同的径向间距延伸的两个部分的任何辊，例如，加压辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5。
加压辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5还可限定长度明显大于直径并与恒定厚度的表面协作的层压圆柱体。在这种情况中，加压辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5沿轴线B变化的刚度用于补偿加压辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5的变形，并用于对材料施加均匀压力。
包装机1还可包括两个或多个加压辊22、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5。

Claims (12)

1.一种由包装材料幅(3)生产食物制品的密封包装(2)的包装机(1)；所述幅(3)包括彼此相对的第一和第二纵向边缘(11，15)；
所述包装机(1)包括：
——限定用于所述幅(3)的强制性通道的成形设备(13)，所述成形设备(13)使所述第一和第二纵向边缘(11，15)保持重叠以形成包装材料的筒状物(10)，并且所述成形设备(13)位于所述筒状物(10)的外侧；所述第一和第二纵向边缘(11，15)在重叠时限定朝向所述筒状物(10)内侧的厚度不均匀的表面(11，15)；以及
——至少一个加压辊(22，22.1，22.2，22.3，22.4，22.5)，所述加压辊(22，22.1，22.2，22.3，22.4，22.5)位于所述筒状物(10)的内侧，并将厚度不均匀的所述表面(11，15)压靠在所述成形设备(13)上以形成所述筒状物(10)的纵向密封物(14)；
其特征在于，
所述加压辊(22，22.1，22.2，22.3，22.4，22.5)包括：
——由可弹性变形的材料制成的、用于挤压所述片材(9，11，15)的本体(30，30.1，30.2，30.3，30.4，30.5)；以及
——由比所述本体更刚硬的材料制成的、装纳在所述本体(30.1，30.2，30.3，30.4，30.5)中并与所述本体通过棱角形成一体的芯(31，31.1，31.3，31.4，31.5)；所述芯(31，31.1，31.3，31.4，31.5)包括与所述本体(30.1，30.2，30.3，30.4，30.5)协作的第一端部表面(34)以及在所述第一表面(34，34.1，34.2，34.3，34.4)的径向内侧的第二端部表面(33)；
所述芯(31，31.1，31.3，31.4，31.5)至少包括第一部分(40，40.3)和第二部分(41)；所述第一和第二表面(34，34.1，34.2，34.3，34.4，34.5；33)之间在所述第一部分(40，40.3)的径向间距大于在所述第二部分(41)的径向间距。
2.如权利要求1所述的包装机，其特征在于：所述加压辊(22，22.1，22.2，22.3，22.4，22.5)包括横过所述轴线(B)的中央平面(Q)；以及所述第一和第二部分(40，40.3；41)中至少一者(40，40.3)在所述平面(Q)的一侧上延伸。
3.如权利要求2所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述芯(31，31.1，31.3，31.4，31.5)的所述第一部分(40，40.3)在所述平面(Q)的所述一侧上延伸。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述芯(31，31.1，31.3，31.4，31.5)包括轴向设置在所述第一和第二部分(40，40.3；41)之间的第三部分(45)，在所述第三部分(45)上所述第一和第二表面(34，33)之间的间距变化；所述第一表面(34)在所述第三部分(45)上为截头圆锥形。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述第二表面(33)以距离所述轴线(B)恒定的间距延伸。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述第一和第二部分(40，41)为圆柱形。
7.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的包装机，其特征在于，在所述第一部分(40.3)上所述第一和所述第二表面(34.2，34.3，34.5；33)之间的间距变化；所述第一表面(34.2，34.3，34.5)在所述第一部分(40.3)上为桶状。
8.如权利要求7所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述第一表面(34.3，34.5)与本体(30.3，30.5)的径向外侧表面(32)之间的径向间距在所述第一部分(40.3)上恒定。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述芯(31.4，31.5)包括轴向设置在所述第一和第二部分(40，40.3；41)之间的另一圆柱形部分(46)；在所述另一部分(46)上测量的、所述第一和第二表面(34.4，34.5；33)之间的径向间距与在所述第一和第二部分(40，40.3；41)上测量的、所述第一和第二表面(34.4，34.5；33)之间的径向间距不同。
10.如权利要求9所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述芯(31.4，31.5)包括轴向设置在所述另一圆柱形部分(46)与所述第二部分(41)之间的第四部分(47)，在所述第四部分(47)上所述第一和所述第二表面(34.4，34.5；33)之间的间距变化；所述第一表面(34.4，34.5)在所述第四部分(46)上为截头圆锥形。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装机，其特征在于，还包括用于将密封带(9)的第一部分(16)施加到所述第一纵向边缘(11)的最终构成所述包装(2)内侧的表面的工作台(6)；
所述成形设备(13)和所述加压辊(22，22.1，22.2，22.3，22.4，22.5)使所述密封带(9)的第二部分(17)重叠在所述第二纵向边缘(15)的最终构成所述包装(2)内侧的表面上，并使所述密封带的所述第一部分(16)和所述第一纵向边缘(11)重叠在所述第二纵向边缘(15)的所述表面上；
所述加压辊(22，22.1，22.2，22.3，22.4，22.5)的所述本体(30，30.1，30.2，30.3，30.4，30.5)包括分别径向包围所述芯(31，31.1，31.3，31.4，31.5)的所述第一部分(40)和所述第二部分(41)的第一本体部分(50)和第二本体部分(52)；所述加压辊(22，22.1，22.2，22.3，22.4，22.5)的所述第一本体部分(50)将所述密封带的所述第二部分(17)和所述第二纵向边缘(15)压靠在所述成形设备(13)上；并且所述第二本体部分(52)将所述密封带(9)的所述第一部分(16)以及所述第一和第二纵向边缘(11，15)压靠在所述成形设备(13)上。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装机，其特征在于，所述成形设备(13)包括多个成形辊(20，21)。
CN2009801193032A 2008-05-28 2009-05-20 包装机 Expired - Fee Related CN102046474B (zh)

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