CN101995441A - 检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的试剂盒 - Google Patents
检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的试剂盒,该试剂盒由内标异亮氨酸鸟菲肽、缓冲液醋酸铵和乙腈组成。使用该试剂盒检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的方法具有检测成本低,重复性好,稳定性高,快速高效的特点;测定一个实际样本只需19分钟,适于临床应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及分析化学和医学领域,是一种基于检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸(GCDCS和GCDCA)的试剂盒对人血液进行超高效液相色谱质谱联用高温高速分析,以快速定量测定血中GCDCS和GCDCA的技术。
背景技术
肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一。肝癌或者起始于肝脏本身,或者来源于身体其他癌症细胞的转移作用。原发性肝癌是指肝细胞或肝内胆管细胞发生的恶性肿瘤,起始于肝脏的原发性肝癌的发病率一直是肝脏恶性肿瘤之首。在恶性肿瘤死亡率中仅次于胃癌和食道癌而居第三位,在部份地区的农村中则占第二位,仅次于胃癌。我国每年死于肝癌约11万人,占全世界肝癌死亡人数的45%。近年来,我国原发性肝癌的发病率、死亡率有上升趋势,而农村明显高于城市。
在我国,肝癌主要和乙型、丙型肝炎病毒感染以及肝硬化等疾病相关。肝癌的早期症状经常不明显,多数病人无症状,体检亦缺乏肿瘤本身的体征,此期称之为亚临床阶段。肝癌一旦出现症状,表示患者大多已进入中晚期。目前,中晚期肝癌缺乏有效治疗手段。因此,肝癌的早期诊断非常重要,如积极综合治疗,可使肝癌的五年生存率有显著性提高。一般影像学检查和体格检查作用有限,往往到了中、晚期才能够发现和确诊,缺少预警价值。随着分子生物学的不断发展,多种新型标志物不断发现,提高了肝癌在亚临床阶段的早期诊断率,使治疗效果得到改善。目前最常用的肝癌血清标志物为甲胎蛋白(AFP)。然而甲胎蛋白(AFP)血清水平在诊断肝癌时存在敏感性和特异性较低的缺点,单独用于确诊时的检出率一般只有50%-75%左右。因此,为了提高临床诊断的灵敏度和特异性,开发新的检测方法势在必行。
胆汁酸是由肝实质细胞在线粒体中以胆固醇为原料直接合成的,经输胆管运输后在胆囊中浓缩,是存在于胆汁中的一大类胆烷酸的总称。作为胆固醇代谢的主要产物,胆汁酸具有类似的固醇核心结构和不同结合体的支链结构。人体内主要含有5种游离型胆汁酸以及10种其与甘氨酸、牛磺酸结合的结合型胆汁酸;同时,人体内也含有少量的3羟基位结合的单硫酸化胆汁酸。胆汁酸一直被认为仅具有促进脂类的消化和吸收、维持胆汁酸分泌的动态平衡、抑制胆固醇在胆汁中析出沉淀而形成胆结石以及在病毒性肝炎和胆道堵塞等疾病中辅助诊断等生理功能。近年来,胆汁酸越来越引起人们的重视,其被认为是一种多功能的重要信号分子,在能量动态平衡(文献1:Watanabe,M.;Houten,S.M.;Mataki,C.;Christoffolete,M.A.;Kim,B.W.;Sato,H.;Messaddeq,N.;Harney,J.W.;Ezaki,O.;Kodama,T.;Schoonjans,K.;Bianco,A.C.;Auwerx,J.Nature 2006,439,484-489.文献2:Baxter,J.D.;Webb,P.Nature 2006,439,402-403.)、磷脂代谢(文献3:Martin,F.P.J.;Dumas,M.E.;Wang,Y.L.;Legido-Quigley,C.;Yap,I.K.S.;Tang,H.R.;Zirah,S.;Murphy,G.M.;Cloarec,O.;Lindon,J.C.;Sprenger,N.;Fay,L.B.;Kochhar,S.;van Bladeren,P.;Holmes,E.;Nicholson,J.K.MolecularSystems Biology 2007,3,16.文献4:Bilz,S.;Samuel,V.;Morino,K.;Savage,D.;Choi,C.S.;Shulman,G.I.American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinologyand Metabolism 2006,290,E716-E722.)、糖代谢(文献5:Nguyen,A.;Bouscarel,B.Cellular Signalling 2008,20,2180-2197.文献6:Brinton,E.A.Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism 2008,10,1004-1011.)以及细胞增殖或凋亡(文献7:Metalli,V.D.;Mancino,M.G.;Mancino,A.;Torrice,A.;Gatto,M.;Attili,A.F.;Alpini,G.;Alvaro,D.Digestive and Liver Disease 2007,39,654-662.文献8:Ramalho,R.M.;Viana,R.J.S.;Low,W.C.;Steer,C.J.;Rodrigues,C.M.P.Trends in Molecular Medicine 2008,14,54-62.)等整合调节中起重要调节作用。近年来,随着人们对肿瘤学认知的不断加深,恶性肿瘤被更多的认为是一种系统性的慢性疾病。以原发性肝癌为例,其多由肝炎肝硬化等慢性疾病发展而成。当人体遭受肝胆疾病尤其是恶性肿瘤侵袭时,肝脏的基本单位——肝实质细胞的代谢将受到癌症刺激而使胆汁酸的代谢发生变化。虽然血清总胆汁酸(TBA)含量已被广泛应用于病毒性肝炎和肝硬化等慢性疾病的辅助诊断当中,但其在肝癌诊断中的作用极为微小。并且因为血清总胆汁酸含量是基于3羟基固醇酶法测定的,其并不能反映当人体遭受原发性肝癌时,体内各个胆汁酸的变化情况。有鉴于此,测定血中各胆汁酸的含量变化情况有利于我们了解肝细胞的代谢变化,以便找出有效的潜在标志物以开发和建立检测肝癌的新方法。
目前检测胆汁酸的常用方法有:酶法、核磁共振、气相色谱和液相色谱以及与其联用的紫外吸收、荧光散射、质谱等。临床酶法可快速检测总胆汁酸,却不能准确定量各个单独胆汁酸的含量(文献9Mashige,F.;Tanaka,N.;Maki,A.;Kamei,S.;Yamanaka,M.Clinical Chemistry 1981,27,1352-1356.:);核磁共振技术虽然具有快速和无偏向性的特点,但与其它技术相比灵敏度太低且花费较大;气相色谱及其质谱联用技术预处理过程冗繁,且结合型胆汁酸易分解为游离型胆汁酸(文献10:Keller,S.;Jahreis,G.Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedicaland Life Sciences 2004,813,199-207.文献11:Roda,A.;Piazza,F.;Baraldini,M.Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedicaland Life Sciences 1998,717,263-278.文献12:Makino,I.;Shinozak.K;Nakagawa,S.;Mashimo,K.Journal of Lipid Research 1974,15,132-138.);常规液相色谱技术存在检测灵敏度低或衍生化过程复杂等缺点(文献11:Roda,A.;Piazza,F.;Baraldini,M.Journal of Chromatography B-AnalyticalTechnologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 1998,717,263-278.文献13:Sakakura,H.;Kimura,N.;Takeda,H.;Komatsu,H.;Ishizaki,K.;Nagata,S.Journal of Chromatography B 1998,718,33-40.)。随着液相色谱质谱联用技术的发展,高灵敏度和高分离度的特性不断得到提升,在复杂体液分析测试胆汁酸中获得广泛应用(文献14:Alnouti,Y.;Csanaky,I.L.;Klaassen,C.D.Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedicaland Life Sciences 2008,873,209-217.文献15 Bobeldijk,I.;Hekman,M.;deVries-van der Weij,J.;Coulier,L.;Ramaker,R.;Kleemann,R.;Kooistra,T.;Rubingh,C.;Freidig,A.;Verheij,E.Journal of Chromatography B-AnalyticalTechnologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 2008,871,306-313.:文献16:Tagliacozzi,D.;Mozzi,A.F.;Casetta,B.;Bertucci,P.;Bernardini,S.;Di Ilio,C.;Urbani,A.;Federici,G.Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2003,41,1633-1641.文献17:Ye,L.;Liu,S.Y.;Wang,M.;Shao,Y.;Ding,M.Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical andLife Sciences 2007,860,10-17.文献18:Ando,M.;Kaneko,T.;Watanabe,R.;Kikuchi,S.;Goto,T.;Iida,T.;Hishinuma,T.;Mano,N.;Goto,J.Journal ofPharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2006,40,1179-1186.文献19:Burkard,I.;von Eckardstein,A.;Rentsch,K.M.Journal of ChromatographyB-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 2005,826,147-159.);尤其是超高效液相色谱技术由于具有更高的分离度、分辨率以及更短的分析时间等特点而备受人们青睐3。但这些技术只能检测到人体内常规的15种胆汁酸,并不能检测到任何单硫酸化胆汁酸。而用于检测单硫酸化胆汁酸的方法较少,其预处理过程冗繁,采用多步SPE柱分离得到硫化胆汁酸,且具有离子抑制效应大,分离度低,只能用于检测单硫酸化胆汁酸等缺点(见参考文献:Ikegawa S,Yanagihara T,Murao N,etc.JOURNALOF MASS SPECTROMETRY.1997,32,401-407.)。目前,还没有一种快速高效的方法既能够检测到人体内的常规胆汁酸又能检测到硫酸化胆汁酸,并且还没有人将各个胆汁酸的变化情况与原发性肝癌联系起来。
(文献20:Administration,F.a.D.2001.)
本发明提供了一种用于快速检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的试剂盒,该试剂盒无需复杂的SPE预处理过程,不但检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸/时通量高,并且具有检测成本低、重复性好以及稳定性高的特点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是开发一种检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的试剂盒。使用该试剂盒检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的方法具有检测成本低,重复性好,稳定性高,快速高效的特点;测定一个实际样本只需19分钟,适于临床应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
该试剂盒由三部分构成:(1)内标—异亮氨酸鸟菲肽或胆汁酸同位素标准品;(2)缓冲液-pH 4.0~8.0的醋酸铵;(3)洗脱液—乙腈或甲醇。
本试剂盒选用异亮氨酸鸟菲肽作为内标,可降低分析成本并加强检测准确性;采用pH=5.0的缓冲液醋酸铵、洗脱液乙腈体系可以得到最好的分离效果并达到快速分离分析3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的目的。本发明还开发了基于检测试剂盒的使用条件,并在正常对照、肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌样本中进行了应用。
具体步骤如下,
1)选取试剂盒最佳组成:内标选择为异亮氨酸鸟菲肽(也可使用各种胆汁酸同位素作为内标14,15,18,但因其价格昂贵而较少用于实际应用中),可以有效降低分析成本并加强检测准确性;缓冲液选择pH=5.0的醋酸铵;洗脱液选择乙腈体系(也可选择pH 4.0~8.0的醋酸铵和乙腈(甲醇)体系,但这些体系的分析速度较慢且各胆汁酸分离度也较差)。
2)试剂盒使用条件:色谱仪器为Waters超高效液相色谱,色谱柱为C8柱,柱温60摄氏度,流速0.5ml/min(也可选用C18色谱柱,柱温25~60摄氏度,流速0.2~1.0ml/min的条件来分析胆汁酸,但因这些方法分离速度较慢且各胆汁酸分离度较差而未采用14-19),质谱仪器为单四极杆质谱。
3)在相同条件下取早晨空腹正常人和确诊的肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌患者的离体血清,采集后于4℃静置半小时、9000g条件下离心15分钟取上清(血清)后立即储存于-80℃的冰箱中备用。
4)血清样品预处理:样品待测时室温解冻,取150μl血清,加入600μl乙腈、30μl异亮氨酸鸟菲肽的浓度为3.3μg/ml乙腈水溶液(乙腈水体积比为1∶1),振荡30秒,4℃ 9000g条件下离心15分钟后取650μl上清液冻干,采用体积比为1∶3的乙腈水混合溶液100μl复溶后4℃ 9000g条件下离心15分钟取上清后直接上样分析,通过总离子流图计算内标峰、3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸以及甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的峰面积,以确定3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸以及甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的含量。
5)对4组血清样本按随机顺序依次进行超高效液相色谱质谱高温高速分析,并对血液胆汁酸的分析方法进行了标征,要求14种胆汁酸标准品的线性方程、单针进样重复性、回收率以及日间和日内精密度均符合美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)检验标准13。
6)在血清样本测试中,GCDCS在肝癌组中相对正常组有显著性升高。GCDCS判断肝癌的灵敏度为75.56%,特异性为88.89%;而采用AFP判断肝癌的灵敏度为62.2%,特异性为100%。而在45例肝癌样本中有17例AFP值小于20ug/L(假阴性)的样本,我们通过GCDCS判断,发现其中14例样本大于0.21(阳性结果),可以判断其为肝癌。这说明GCDCS与AFP具有较好的互补性,可用于辅助AFP进行原发性肝癌普筛。
为了进一步考察GCDCS在临床中的应用潜力以及其在肝癌发生中的机制,肝炎和肝硬化组血中的GCDCS、其上游代谢物GCDCA及其相关参数GCDCS/GCDCA与正常对照和肝癌组进行了比较,发现GCDCS在在肝炎和肝硬化中的含量更高。GCDCA在正常对照组、肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌组的含量变化,发现其变化趋势近似于GCDCS。但其在肝癌组中的含量相对于正常组有升高但无显著性。而GCDCS/GCDCA在肝癌组中相对于三组非肝癌组都是显著性升高的。通过ROC曲线分析,只有GCDCS/GCDCA与AFP没有显著性,说明GCDCS/GCDCA更具有应用潜力。采用GCDCS/GCDCA判断肝癌的灵敏度为68.89%,特异性为86.15%;而采用AFP判断肝癌的灵敏度为62.2%,特异性为89.2%。而在45例肝癌样本中有17例AFP值小于20ug/L(假阴性)的样本,我们通过GCDCS/GCDCA判断,发现其中10例样本大于0.097(阳性结果),可以判断其为肝癌。这说明GCDCS/GCDCA与AFP具有较好的互补性,可用于辅助AFP进行原发性肝癌的诊断。
本发明方法具有的效果是:组成试剂盒的内标异亮氨酸鸟菲肽可以有效降低分析成本并加强检测准确性;缓冲液选择pH=5.0的醋酸铵和乙腈体系,可以得到最好的分离效果,不但能检测到血中的15种常规胆汁酸,并且可以检测到3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸等几种硫酸化胆汁酸。基于试剂盒开发的方法具有以下特点:样本的采集、储存采用了标准化操作程序,避免引入人为误差;预处理过程简单,分析过程采用高温高速的方法,此方法不仅提高了对被分析物的分离分辩能力,而且大大缩短了分析时间,既能分离常规胆汁酸,又能够同时分离几种硫酸化胆汁酸。在血清样本测试中,GCDCS/GCDCA可辅助AFP进行原发性肝癌的诊断。采用这种方法建立的诊断肝癌的方法,具有安全可靠、通量高、灵敏度和特异性高的特点,适于肝癌的早期筛查和辅助诊断。
附图说明
图1人血清胆汁酸TIC图:1,亮氨酸脑菲肽(内标);2,3-硫酸甘氨熊脱氧胆酸(GUDCS);3,3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸(GCDCS);4,3-硫酸甘氨脱氧胆酸(GDCS);5,甘氨熊脱氧胆酸(GUDCA);6,牛璜鹅脱氧胆酸(TUDCA);7,甘氨胆酸(GCA);8,牛璜胆酸(TCA);9,甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸(GCDCA);10,牛璜鹅脱氧胆酸(TCDCA);11,甘氨脱氧胆酸(GDCA);12,牛璜脱氧胆酸(TDCA);13,胆酸(CA);14,熊脱氧胆酸(UDCA);15,甘氨石胆酸(GLCA);16,牛璜石胆酸(TLCA);17,鹅脱氧胆酸(CDCA);18,脱氧胆酸(DCA);19,石胆酸(LCA)。
图2(A)血清GCDCS在正常对照组、肝癌肝炎、和肝硬化组血清样本中的含量变化(均值±标准误表示)。(B)正常对照组和肝癌组血清样本中GCDCS和AFP的ROC曲线图:AUC值分别为GCDCS=0.866,AFP=0.935。(C)血清GCDCA在正常对照组、肝癌肝炎、和肝硬化组血清样本中的含量变化。
图3(A),(B)血清GCDCS/GCDCA和AFP在正常对照、肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌组中的含量变化。(C)正常对照、肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌组血清样本中GCDCS、AFP以及GCDCS/GCDCA的ROC曲线图:AUC值分别为GCDCS=0.653,AFP=0.875以及GCDCS/GCDCA=0.810。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1.血清样品收集
采集前,纳入志愿者签署知情同意书。
正常对照、肝炎、肝硬化和原发性肝癌组纳入标准:参考《黄家驷外科学(第7版)》人民卫生出版社2008北京
在相同条件下收集36例正常人、确诊的14例肝炎、15例肝硬化和45例肝癌患者的血清,采集后于4℃静置半小时、9000g条件下离心15分钟取上清后立即储存于-80℃的冰箱中备用。
2.分析方法
2.1血清样本预处理
样品待测时室温解冻,取150μl血清,加入600μl乙腈、30μl异亮氨酸鸟菲肽的浓度为3.3μg/ml乙腈水溶液(乙腈水体积比为1∶1),振荡30秒,4℃ 9000g条件下离心15分钟后取650μl上清液冻干,采用体积比为1∶3的乙腈水混合溶液100μl复溶后4℃ 9000g条件下离心15分钟取上清后直接上样分析,通过总离子流图计算内标峰、3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸以及甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的峰面积,以确定3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸以及甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的含量。
2.2超高效液相色谱质谱高温高速分析
(1)液相条件为:色谱仪器为Waters超高效液相色谱,色谱柱为WatersACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C8柱,流动相A为pH=5.0的50mM醋酸氨溶液,B为乙腈;梯度洗脱条件为:0~0.5min为75% A相,0.5~3.5min线性变化至70% A相,3.5~9min降至45%,9~11min降至25%,11~13.5min降至15%,13.5~15min降至10%,并保持2min,17~17.5min升至75%A相并保持1.5min;流速0.5mL/min,柱温60℃,进样量20μL,柱后流出液不经分流直接进入质谱检测。
(2)质谱条件为:质谱仪器为Waters单四极杆质谱,采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式检测;脱溶剂气和锥孔气流量分为700L/h和50L/h,脱溶剂气和锥孔气均为高纯氮气;脱溶剂气温度为300℃,离子源温度为120℃;毛细管电压和锥孔电压分别为2800V和45V;采用选择性离子监测模式检测:0~2.6min检测离子528.3和554.3,2.65~3.7min检测离子448.3、464.3、498.3和514.3,3.75~6min检测离子391.3、407.3、448.3和498.3,6.05~19min检测离子375.3、391.3、432.3和482.3;每0.1秒采集一次数据(图1)。
3.血清测试结果与辅助诊断潜力分析
在血清样本测试中,GCDCS在正常对照和肝癌组中的含量如图2A所示。GCDCS在肝癌组中有显著性升高,对GCDCS和AFP分别作ROC曲线,得到ROC曲线AUC值分别为GCDCS=0.866和AFP=0.935(图2B)。通过比较我们发现,采用GCDCS来诊断肝癌时不但具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,并且其与AFP进行联合诊断更有助于提高检测肝癌的能力。例如,在45例肝癌样本中有17例AFP值小于20ug/L(假阴性)的样本,我们通过GCDCS判断,发现其中14例样本大于0.21(阳性结果),可以判断其为肝癌。说明GCDCS与AFP具有较好的互补性。表1显示了AFP、GCDCS以及“AFP+GCDCS”的灵敏性、特异性。
为了进一步考察GCDCS在临床中的应用潜力以及其在肝癌发生中的机制,肝炎和肝硬化组血中的GCDCS、其上游代谢物GCDCA及其相关参数GCDCS/GCDCA与正常对照和肝癌组进行了比较,发现GCDCS在在肝炎和肝硬化中的含量更高(图2A)。GCDCA在正常对照组、肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌组的含量变化,发现其变化趋势近似于GCDCS(图2C)。虽然其在肝炎和肝硬化组中显著性升高,但其在肝癌组中的含量相对于正常组有升高但无显著性。而GCDCS/GCDCA在肝癌组中相对于三组非肝癌组都是显著性升高的(图3A)。我们对肝癌组和三组非肝癌组中GCDCS、AFP以及GCDCS/GCDCA分别作ROC曲线,得到ROC曲线AUC值分别为GCDCS=0.653,AFP=0.875以及GCDCS/GCDCA=0.810(图3B)。通过比较我们发现,采用GCDCS/GCDCA来诊断肝癌时不但具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,并且只有GCDCS/GCDCA与AFP没有显著性,说明GCDCS/GCDCA更具有应用潜力,其与AFP进行联合诊断更有助于提高检测肝癌的能力。例如,采用AFP法检测肝癌时,45例肝癌患者中有17例呈阴性反应(AFP<20ng/L),而采用GCDCS/GCDCA法来对这17例病人进行诊断时,发现其中10例呈阳性反应(GCDCS/GCDCA>0.097)。这说明GCDCS/GCDCA与AFP具有较好的互补性,表2显示了GCDCS、AFP、GCDCS/GCDCA以及“AFP+GCDCS/GCDCA”的灵敏度和特异性。
表1 AFP与GCDCS在正常对照组和肝癌组中的灵敏度和特异性
表2 GCDCS、AFP、GCDCS/GCDCA以及“AFP+GCDCS/GCDCA”在非肝癌组和肝癌组中的灵敏度和特异性
Claims (3)
1.检测血中3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的试剂盒,其特征在于该试剂盒由三部分构成:(1)内标—异亮氨酸鸟菲肽或胆汁酸同位素标准品;(2)缓冲液—pH 4.0~8.0的醋酸铵;(3)洗脱液—乙腈或甲醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:选取的试剂盒内标为异亮氨酸鸟菲肽,可以有效降低分析成本并加强检测准确性。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:选取的试剂盒缓冲液为pH=5.0的醋酸铵、洗脱液为乙腈,可以得到最好的分离效果并达到快速分离分析3-硫酸甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和常规胆汁酸的目的。
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