CN101977921A - 寡糖成分 - Google Patents
寡糖成分 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101977921A CN101977921A CN2009801103591A CN200980110359A CN101977921A CN 101977921 A CN101977921 A CN 101977921A CN 2009801103591 A CN2009801103591 A CN 2009801103591A CN 200980110359 A CN200980110359 A CN 200980110359A CN 101977921 A CN101977921 A CN 101977921A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- value
- composition
- oligosaccharides
- acid
- food
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
通式为RnSacm的包含糖基化的氨基酸和肽的寡糖成分,其中R是氨基酸残基,Sac是单糖,选自N-乙酰基神经氨酸、N-乙酰基半乳糖胺和半乳糖,n是(1)至(10)之间的值,条件是如果n是值(1),则R是苏氨酸残基或丝氨酸残基,并且如果n是(2)至(10)之间的值,则肽包含至少一个苏氨酸或丝氨酸残基,m是(2)至(4)之间的值并且至少(20)mol%的成分是N-乙酰基神经氨酸。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及富含唾液酸的寡糖成分、包含所述寡糖成分的食品和制备所述寡糖成分的方法。
发明背景
已知人乳含有大量的难消化的寡糖。事实上,难消化的寡糖代表母乳中第三大固体组分(在乳糖和脂类之后),初乳中存在的浓度为12-15g/L并且成熟乳汁中浓度为5-8g/L。人乳寡糖对酶水解非常耐受,这意味着这些寡糖可能显示必需的功能,而不直接与它们的产热量相关。
在过去的20年中,人乳寡糖的化学结构已经应用NMR光谱法和质谱法进行了研究。每种单独的寡糖是基于葡萄糖、半乳糖、唾液酸(N-乙酰基神经氨酸)、岩藻糖和/或N-乙酰基葡糖胺的组合,在这些糖之间存在许多和不同的连接,因此可以解释人乳中含有许多不同的寡糖-迄今已鉴定出超过130种该结构。几乎所有寡糖在其还原端具有乳糖部分,而在非还原端唾液酸(当存在时)占据了末端位置。
人乳中大量的唾液酸化的寡糖是特别值得注意的。唾液酸是9-C糖,其是脑神经节苷脂的重要结构和功能组分。公认的是其在神经细胞传导、记忆形成和细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。大鼠研究表明早期补充唾液酸改善了营养良好和营养不良动物的脑神经节苷脂唾液酸和学习能力,并且这些变化持续至成年。
对于所有婴儿,推荐母乳。但是,在某些情况中,由于医学原因或母亲不选择母乳喂养,母乳喂养是不适当的或不成功的。由于这些情况已经开发了婴儿配方。但是,牛乳(其通常用作可商购获得的婴儿配方的基础)比人乳具有更低含量的唾液酸化的寡糖。由于人乳的结构和其单个组分的功能变得更加清楚,因此显然需要改善以牛乳为基础的婴儿配方的唾液酸含量。
现存在几种已知来源的唾液酸,包括游离的N-乙酰基神经氨酸、唾液酰基乳糖和其它唾液酸化的寡糖、含唾液酸的神经节苷脂和肽酪蛋白糖巨肽(caseinoglycomacropeptide)。酪蛋白糖巨肽或CGMP是大量富含碳水化合物的亲水肽,其C-端部分为κ酪蛋白,其可以通过酶或酸处理而裂解。在美国专利申请号2005/0096295中建议通过包含具有高浓度唾液酸的新的CGMP成分来增加婴儿配方的唾液酸含量。该成分的唾液酸含量超过60mg/g的肽,与之相比在天然存在的CGMP中唾液酸含量为40-60mg/g的肽。其可以通过应用阴离子色谱法进行级分而制备,或者可以通过部分水解、随后应用阴离子色谱法进行级分而制备。
但是,仍然需要提供富含唾液酸的其它成分,其可用于使婴儿配方和其它营养组合物富含该重要组分。
发明概述
本发明提供了包含通式为RnSacm的糖基化的氨基酸和肽的寡糖成分,其中R是氨基酸残基,Sac是单糖,选自N-乙酰基神经氨酸、N-乙酰基半乳糖胺和半乳糖,n是1至10之间的值,条件是如果n是值1,则R是苏氨酸残基或丝氨酸残基,并且如果n是2至10之间的值,则肽包含至少一个苏氨酸或丝氨酸残基,m是2至4之间的值并且至少20mol%的成分是N-乙酰基神经氨酸。
该成分是富含唾液酸的新的食物级成分,其适用于添加至营养组合物(例如婴儿配方)中以增加组合物的唾液酸含量。
本发明进一步涉及制备包含通式为RnSacm的糖基化的氨基酸和肽的寡糖成分的方法,其中R是氨基酸残基,Sac是单糖,选自N-乙酰基-神经氨酸、N-乙酰基半乳糖胺和半乳糖,n是1至10之间的值,条件是如果n是值1,则R是苏氨酸残基或丝氨酸残基,并且如果n是2至10之间的值,则肽包含至少一个苏氨酸或丝氨酸残基,m是2至4之间的值并且至少20mol%的成分是N-乙酰基神经氨酸,该方法包括以下步骤:用外切蛋白酶和内切蛋白酶水解酪蛋白糖巨肽,以获得游离氨基酸和链长为2至10之间的肽的混合物,并且将水解的混合物进行纳米过滤,以截留分子量在1000至2000道尔顿之间的级分。
本发明还涉及包含上述寡糖成分的食品。任选食品是婴儿食物或配方,但是该产品可以是婴儿、儿童或成人消耗的任何食物或饮料。消耗含有该寡糖成分的食品可以改善唾液酸进入脑神经节苷脂,从而改善相关的神经功能,例如神经传递。
发明详述
在本说明书中,当阅读和解释说明书、实施例和权利要求时,应当考虑下列词汇所给出的定义。
“CGMP”:酪蛋白糖巨肽,即由牛κ-酪蛋白通过凝乳酶作用而裂解的糖巨肽。
“婴儿配方”:用于4至6个月的婴儿的完全营养和此后他们的部分营养的食品。该术语包括初始配方和后续配方。
“唾液酸”:N-乙酰基神经氨酸。
本发明提供了包含通式为RnSacm的糖基化的氨基酸和肽的寡糖成分以及包含该寡糖成分的婴儿或成人食品,其中R是氨基酸残基,Sac是单糖,选自N-乙酰基神经氨酸、N-乙酰基半乳糖胺和半乳糖,n是1至10之间的值,条件是如果n是值1,则R是苏氨酸残基或丝氨酸残基,并且如果n是2至10之间的值,则肽包含至少一个苏氨酸或丝氨酸残基,m是2至4之间的值并且至少20mol%的成分是N-乙酰基神经氨酸。
优选n是1至3之间的值并且m是值3或4。
该成分包含至少20mol%的唾液酸,其中部分糖链与苏氨酸或丝氨酸的羟基连接。唾液酸可以形成链的部分或可以自身是链中单糖单元的取代基。因此,寡糖成分可以包含下列单糖:
化合物 | mol% |
N-乙酰基半乳糖胺(GalNAc) | 15-25 |
半乳糖(Gal) | 15-25 |
N-乙酰基神经氨酸(NeuAc) | 50-20 |
寡糖成分可以包含15至25mol%的丝氨酸和苏氨酸的混合物。
寡糖成分可以包含下列糖基化的氨基酸或肽:
NeuAc-α-2,3-Gal-β-1,3-(NeuAc-α-2,6-)-GalNAc-Rn
NeuAc-α-2,3-Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc-Rn
Gal-β-1,3-(NeuAc-α-2,6-)-GalNAc-Rn
Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc-Rn
本发明的寡糖成分是通过以下方法制备:应用外切蛋白酶和内切蛋白酶水解CGMP,以获得游离氨基酸和链长为2至10之间的肽的混合物,并且将水解的混合物进行纳米过滤,以截留分子量在1000至2000道尔顿之间的级分。
CGMP自身是制备乳酪的副产物,其中将全脂乳用凝乳酶处理以沉淀酪蛋白。在该方法中,CGMP从κ酪蛋白裂解并且与乳清蛋白一起留在溶液中。该产物称为甜乳清。CGMP可以通过本领域任何已知的方法与乳清蛋白分离。适合的方法在欧洲专利号986312中描述。
水解处理的产物是游离氨基酸、糖基化的苏氨酸和丝氨酸、含有至少一个苏氨酸或丝氨酸残基的糖基化的肽和未糖基化的肽、含有2至10个氨基酸的链的肽的混合物。将该混合物进行纳米过滤,以分离和截留分子量范围在1000至2000道尔顿的级分。该级分将包含本发明的寡糖成分。
在本发明的一个优选方面中,将上述寡糖成分掺入食品中。在本发明的上下文中,术语“食品”旨在包括任何可消耗的物质。因此,其可以是用于人消耗的产品,特别是婴儿配方、后续配方、婴儿食物,例如婴儿谷物等。特别的是,本发明的寡糖成分可以掺入婴儿配方、成长奶和脱水奶或谷物混合物中。
食品可以根据产品的类型以本领域已知的任何适合的方法制备,并且本发明的寡糖成分可以在制备过程的适合阶段加入至产品中。例如,婴儿配方是通过以适合的比例将蛋白质源、除乳糖之外的任何碳水化合物和脂肪源混合在一起而制备。如果需要,可以加入乳化剂。维生素和矿物质可以在该时点加入,但是通常之后加入,以避免热降解。任何亲脂维生素、乳化剂等可以在混合前溶于脂肪源中。然后可以混入水(优选经过反渗透的水)以形成液体混合物。
然后可以将液体混合物热处理,以减少细菌载量。例如,可以将液体混合物快速加热至温度范围为约80℃至约110℃达约5秒至约5分钟。这可以通过注入蒸汽或通过热交换器(例如板式热交换器)进行。
然后可以将液体混合物冷却至约60℃至约85℃,例如通过快速冷却。然后可以将液体混合物匀化,例如分两个阶段,第一阶段在约7MPa至约40MPa下,并且第二阶段在约2MPa至约14MPa下。然后可以将匀化的混合物进一步冷却,以加入任何热敏感的组分,例如维生素和矿物质。匀化的混合物的pH和固体含量方便地在该时点标准化。
将匀化的混合物转移至适合的干燥装置中,所述的干燥装置例如喷雾干燥器或冷冻干燥器,并且转化为粉末。粉末应当具有小于约5%重量的含湿量。
本发明的寡糖成分可以通过干燥混合或,如果是液体形式,在上述的混合阶段直接添加至婴儿配方中。在这两种情况中,添加成分需要同时添加一定量的氨基氮是值得推荐的,因此必需调节常规添加该成分的婴儿配方或其它产品的蛋白含量,这对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。婴儿配方可允许的蛋白含量和氨基酸分布在法规(例如1991年5月14日的European Commission Directive 91/321/EEC)中详述说明,并且本领域技术人员将考虑到本发明成分所引入的额外的氨基氮以及额外的苏氨酸和丝氨酸含量,从而能够调节婴儿配方的蛋白含量和氨基酸分布。
婴儿或儿童食品或配方中寡糖成分的最终浓度可以是占干燥物质重量的0.2至4.0%、优选0.5至2.0%。但是,这些量不应当认为是限制的,应当适合于目标人群,例如基于婴儿或儿童的体重和年龄或健康。优选的是,将含有本发明的寡糖成分的配方或食物在每次用餐中喂给婴儿。
尽管优选特别针对婴儿或儿童营养的补充食品,但是非特别针对儿童或针对成年人的补充食品可能是有益的。例如,本发明的寡糖成分可以掺入医疗保健营养品和老年人营养品中。这些食品可以包括乳、酸乳酪、凝乳、乳酪、发酵乳、以乳为基础的发酵产品、冰淇淋、以发酵谷物为基础的产品或以乳为基础的产品等。
除了本发明的寡糖成分,食品、例如婴儿配方可以包含一种或多种进一步的寡糖,其是单独添加的。
本发明将通过下列实施例举例说明。
实施例1
下面给出了包含本发明的寡糖成分的婴儿配方组合物的实施例。
营养物 | 每100kcal | 每升 |
能量(kcal) | 100 | 670 |
蛋白质(g) | 1.83 | 12.3 |
脂肪(g) | 5.3 | 35.7 |
亚油酸(g) | 0.79 | 5.3 |
α-亚麻酸(mg) | 101 | 675 |
乳糖(g) | 11.2 | 74.7 |
OS成分(g) | 0.15 | 1.0 |
矿物质(g) | 0.37 | 2.5 |
Na(mg) | 23 | 150 |
K(mg) | 89 | 590 |
Cl(mg) | 64 | 430 |
Ca(mg) | 62 | 410 |
P(mg) | 31 | 210 |
Mg(mg) | 7 | 50 |
Mn(μg) | 8 | 50 |
Se(μg) | 2 | 13 |
维生素A(μg RE) | 105 | 700 |
维生素D(μg) | 1.5 | 10 |
维生素E(mg TE) | 0.8 | 5.4 |
维生素K1(μg) | 8 | 54 |
维生素C(mg) | 10 | 67 |
维生素B1(mg) | 0.07 | 0.47 |
维生素B2(mg) | 0.15 | 1.0 |
烟酸(mg) | 1 | 6.7 |
维生素B6(mg) | 0.075 | 0.50 |
叶酸(μg) | 9 | 60 |
泛酸(mg) | 0.45 | 3 |
维生素B12(μg) | 0.3 | 2 |
生物素(μg) | 2.2 | 15 |
胆碱(mg) | 10 | 67 |
Fe(mg) | 1.2 | 8 |
I(μg) | 15 | 100 |
Cu(mg) | 0.06 | 0.4 |
Zn(mg) | 0.75 | 5 |
实施例2
将50g酪蛋白糖巨肽(Biopure GMP,Davisco,USA)以10%(w/v)溶于500mL去离子水中。将溶液在40℃下加热30分钟,同时轻轻搅拌,并且通过装有一个Pellicon 1000Da过滤箱(0.1m2)的实验室规模的正切流动过滤系统(Millipore,USA)、在1.2bar的进压(feed pressure)和无回流压(retentate pressure)下再循环(recirculated)。
随后,以每50g蛋白质3500LAPU加入来自米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)的氨基肽酶(风味酶(Flavourzyme)1000L,每克含1000氨基肽酶单位(LAPU/g),Novozymes,DK)。约1小时后,开始透析过滤,回流压升至3bar,进压为3bar。5小时后,停止过滤并且收集存留物(retentate)。将存留物和处理过程中收集的7份渗透物级分冻干。随后,测定每份级分的干物质(DM)和唾液酸含量。唾液酸含量是在弱酸水解并且应用DMB(1,2-二氨基-4,5-亚甲基二氧基苯二盐酸盐)方法标记后测定的,并且分析是在装有Shodex C18反相柱和荧光检测器的HPLC上进行的,应用可信的NeuAe作为外标。表1显示了原料中的质量平衡和唾液酸含量、渗透物级分和存留物。
表1
存留物中的半乳糖和N-乙酰基-半乳糖胺含量是在酸水解后应用装有Dionex CarboPac PA1分析柱和脉冲安培检测器的HPAEC测定的。简而言之,将存留物溶于水中并且加入三氟乙酸,终浓度为2M。将该溶液在100℃下加热3小时,在N-气流下干燥并且用水重新溶解。通过22μm粒子过滤器过滤后,分析样品。定量是用可信的半乳糖和半乳糖胺(N-乙酰基半乳糖胺在酸处理过程中变成半乳糖胺)作为外标来完成的。
最后干燥的存留物产品含有24.4wt%(NeuAc)2-Gal-GalNAc-Thr,和可能的结构NeuAc-α-2,3-Gal-β-1,3-(NeuAc-α-2,6-)-GalNAc-苏氨酸/肽,含有43mol%的唾液酸、20.5mol%的半乳糖、18.4mol%的N-乙酰基半乳糖胺和18mol%的苏氨酸。
Claims (8)
1.包含通式为RnSacm的糖基化的氨基酸和肽的寡糖成分,其中R是氨基酸残基,Sac是单糖,选自N-乙酰基神经氨酸、N-乙酰基半乳糖胺和半乳糖,n是1至10之间的值,条件是如果n是值1,则R是苏氨酸残基或丝氨酸残基,并且如果n是2至10之间的值,则肽包含至少一个苏氨酸或丝氨酸残基,m是2至4之间的值并且至少20mol%的成分是N-乙酰基-神经氨酸。
2.权利要求1的寡糖成分,其包含15至25mol%的N-乙酰基半乳糖胺、15至25mol%的半乳糖、20至50mol%的N-乙酰基-神经氨酸和15至25mol%的苏氨酸或丝氨酸或其混合物。
3.权利要求1或2的寡糖成分,其中n是1至3之间的值。
4.上述任意一项权利要求的寡糖成分,其中m是值2或3。
5.包含权利要求1至4中任意一项的寡糖成分的食品。
6.权利要求5的食品,其是婴儿配方。
7.权利要求5或6的食品,其包含0.2至4.0%重量的寡糖成分。
8.制备权利要求1至4中任意一项的寡糖成分的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:用外切蛋白酶和内切蛋白酶水解酪蛋白糖巨肽,以获得游离氨基酸和链长为2至10之间的肽的混合物,并且将水解的混合物进行纳米过滤,以截留分子量在1000至2000道尔顿之间的级分。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP08101975A EP2096115A1 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | Oligosaccharide ingredient |
EP081019754 | 2008-02-26 | ||
EP08101975.4 | 2008-02-26 | ||
PCT/EP2009/052186 WO2009106528A2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2009-02-25 | Oligosaccharide ingredient |
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CN101977921A true CN101977921A (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
CN101977921B CN101977921B (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
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CN2009801103591A Active CN101977921B (zh) | 2008-02-26 | 2009-02-25 | 寡糖成分 |
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US (2) | US8617631B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2096115A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101977921B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009218504B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0907824B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2716900A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2401217T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2010009430A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY159318A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2257562T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT2257562E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2496782C2 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA104287C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009106528A2 (zh) |
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WO2010099821A1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-10 | Nestec S.A. | Oligosaccharide ingredient |
MX2012010533A (es) | 2010-03-12 | 2013-02-11 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Suplementacion materna de acido sialico. |
MX352677B (es) | 2011-06-20 | 2017-12-04 | Heinz Co Brands H J Llc | Composiciones probioticas y metodos. |
JP7287890B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-31 | 2023-06-06 | 雪印メグミルク株式会社 | 腸内環境改善用組成物及びその製造法 |
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Also Published As
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WO2009106528A3 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
PL2257562T3 (pl) | 2013-06-28 |
EP2257562B1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
CA2716900A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
MX2010009430A (es) | 2010-11-05 |
PT2257562E (pt) | 2013-03-28 |
RU2496782C2 (ru) | 2013-10-27 |
MY159318A (en) | 2016-12-30 |
US8617631B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
US20140079845A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
US20110045159A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
BRPI0907824A2 (pt) | 2015-07-21 |
WO2009106528A2 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
ES2401217T3 (es) | 2013-04-17 |
UA104287C2 (en) | 2014-01-27 |
EP2257562A2 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
AU2009218504A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
ZA201006826B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
EP2096115A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
CN101977921B (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
BRPI0907824B1 (pt) | 2016-11-16 |
RU2010139513A (ru) | 2012-04-10 |
AU2009218504B2 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
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