CN101967071A - Salt-restraining special fertilizer for seashore solonchak rapes and production process thereof - Google Patents
Salt-restraining special fertilizer for seashore solonchak rapes and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101967071A CN101967071A CN2010105130840A CN201010513084A CN101967071A CN 101967071 A CN101967071 A CN 101967071A CN 2010105130840 A CN2010105130840 A CN 2010105130840A CN 201010513084 A CN201010513084 A CN 201010513084A CN 101967071 A CN101967071 A CN 101967071A
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a salt-restraining special fertilizer for seashore solonchak rapes, comprising the following materials in parts by weight: 250-300 parts of organic fertilizers, 150-200 parts of humic acids, 130-170 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 200-220 parts of urea and 150-200 parts of saline and alkaline improved conditioners. The salt-restraining special fertilizer for the seashore solonchak rapes is prepared by the following steps of: uniformly mixing grinded crop straws, rice chaff and waste liquid residues of a gourmet powder factory, and then piling up; adding a fibrinolysis compound bacterial agent, uniformly stirring and mixing, and piling up to obtain the organic fertilizers; sequentially adding the monoammonium phosphate, the urea, the humic acids, the organic fertilizers and the saline and alkaline improved conditioners to a stirrer and stirring; and then feeding into a rotary drum granulator for granulation so as to obtain a finished product, i.e. the salt-restraining special fertilizer for the seashore solonchak rapes. In the preparation of the salt-restraining special fertilizer, the organic wastes obtained from agricultural and industrial production are effectively used as raw materials, a certain amount of the humic acids and agricultural gypsums are added and a scientific formula and a unique production process are adopted; in addition, the prepared novel fertilizer is applied to the seashore solonchak rapes and other crops and plays an important role.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture production and use the fertilizer technology field, relate in particular to a kind of marine solonchak rape and press down special-purpose fertilizer of salt and production technique thereof.
Background technology
The soil salinization is a global problem that influences agricultural sustainable development and ecotope.The area of whole world salinization soil accounts for 1/3 of earth land area according to statistics.In China, the saline soil scale is quite big, and 537.4 ten thousand hectares of salinization soils are arranged in 100,000,000 hectares of arable lands approximately, also has 4408.8 ten thousand hectares saline-alkali wasteland to be distributed in northwest, North China, northeast and area such as coastal in addition.The special-purpose fertilizer of research marine solonchak salt tolerant crop is one of effective measure of administering saline soil, and to regulating and the agroecological environment of improvement marine solonchak and boosting agricultural yield, and the Sustainable development that the coastal region husbandry is produced is significant.
(1) the major obstacle factor of marine solonchak
(1) the saline and alkaline plant physiology arid that causesIt is saline and alkaline more that saline-alkali soil contains solubility, soil solution concentration height, and soil water potential is low.When soil water potential was lower than the root flow of water, crop root not only can not absorb moisture from soil, can ooze out the moisture of self come on the contrary, the reverse osmosis phenomenon occurred.Though have water in the soil this moment, crop can not absorb, and causes the plant physiology arid, causes plant growth bad, withered death when serious.
(2) the direct toxic action of salinity.When some ionic concn is too high in the saline-alkali soil, general crop all had direct toxic action.Na particularly
2CO
3And NaHCO
3When increasing Deng basic salt, can corrode the fibre of plant tissue on the one hand, the receptivity that increases sodium on the other hand makes protein become sodium protein, and nutrient balance is damaged, and has particularly reduced NO
3 -, PO
4 3-, Ca
2+, Fe
2+Deng absorption, cause seedling that hungry symptom takes place.
(3) soil nutrient is unbalanced.The marine solonchak soil parent material is a littoral sediment, is rich in potassium, and the soil organism, nitrogen, phosphorus and trace element deficiency, soil nutrient is unbalanced.
(4) soil physical properties worsens.A certain amount of solubility salinity, especially sodium salt in the soil can make grogs dispersion, structure deteriorate, and hard when mire is done when causing soil wet, permeability is bad, and tilth worsens, and has a strong impact on cultivating quality.
(5) water of soil, fertilizer, gas, thermal conditions are inharmonious.Often because of the ground water table height, soil moisture is many for marine solonchak, makes soil " send out cloudy ", " tremble with fear ", has a strong impact on that crop emerges and growth of seedling, and the also activity of unfavorable microorganism has simultaneously directly influenced the organic decomposition and the conversion of nutrient.
(2) humic acid organic fertilizer is to the improving effect in saltings
Humic acid fertilizer is to be main raw material with the more peat of humic acids massfraction, brown coal, weathered coal, adds a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or the made fertilizer of some trace element.Humic acid fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matters, has the characteristics of organic fertilizer, contains available nutrient again simultaneously, has some feature of chemical fertilizer concurrently, is a kind of multi-functional organic-inorganic compound manure.
Humic acid fertilizer contains great number of organic matters and organic colloid, can be together with the structureless soil particle cementation of dispersive, form chance water and be difficult for loose water-stable granule, thereby soil porosity is increased, unit weight reduces, soil aeration, water-permeable and soil moisture conservation are strengthened, and tilth improves, and, barren marine solonchak strong to the improvement grittiness has good effect.Humic acids has higher cation exchange capacity, can reach 300 ~ 500 cmol (+)/kg usually, uses on marine solonchak, can be to the Na in the soil
+, Ca
2+, Cl
-Deng having very strong exchange capacity and adsorption, reduce chloride concentration in the soil, reduce the harm of salinity, and can strengthen the surge capability of soil crop.
Humans such as Huang Qiang are regularly got the method that the top layer soil sample is measured its specific conductivity and buried the salinity sensor probe at different depths underground, in crop growing season, having monitored organic fertilizer farmland different depth of soil solution saltiness changes, the result shows that the field application of organic fertilizers can obviously reduce the upper soll layer salt accumulation, and the drip washing to the upper soll layer salinity of helping pouring water.Pour water fertilizer processing depths, sub-district soil salt content is descended rapidly; Application of organic fertilizers can make the salt accumulation process of dark soil before pouring water slow down; The dark soil solution salinity of 60cm that fertilizer is handled the sub-district reduces significantly and remains on very low level.
Humic acid organic fertilizer itself contains the available nutrient of some amount, but and mineral nutrient element in the activating soil, improve nutrient availability.Humic acids can also stimulate root system development, increases the contact area of root system and fertilizer and increases root system secretion organic acid quantity, thereby improve the utilization ratio of root system to difficultly soluble nutrient.
The retardation of growth factor to the marine solonchak crop has had understanding more clearly at present, and how traditional method presses down salt by irrigating the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching or lowering of watertable, and cost is high and still can produce the seasonal accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Rape has certain salt tolerance, have than establishing in large scale in the marine solonchak area, but traditional fertilising custom mostly is inorganic fertilizer, does not only press down the effect of salt, also can cause the soil salt accumulation, and too much rate of fertilizer application also can cause the eutrophication of water body on every side.Therefore exploring and produce the marine solonchak rape, to press down salt special-purpose fertile significant.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention:The invention provides a kind of marine solonchak rape and press down special-purpose fertilizer of salt and production technique thereof.This fertilizer effectively utilizes the organic waste of industrial and agricultural production as raw material, add certain humic acids and gypsum for agriculture, adopt scientific formula and unique production process, produced new-type fertilizer, be applied to marine solonchak rape and other crop, have important effect.The fertile suitable base manure of doing the marine solonchak rape of this special use uses.
Technical scheme:It is special-purpose fertile that the marine solonchak rape presses down salt, calculates by weight to comprise: 250 ~ 300 parts of fertilizers, 150 ~ 200 parts of humic acidss, 130 ~ 170 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 200 ~ 220 parts in urea, 150 ~ 200 parts of saline and alkaline improvement amendments.Described 150 ~ 200 portions of saline and alkaline improvement amendments are made up of gypsum, attapulgite and borax, and wherein borax accounts for 1～2 weight part, and all the other press (8 ~ 9) by gypsum and attapulgite: the weight ratio configuration of (1 ~ 2) forms.
Prepare the marine solonchak rape and press down the special-purpose fertile method of salt, preparation process is: the waste liquid slag of the crop material, rice chaff and the Gourmet Powder Factory that pulverize is mixed the back accumulation by the weight proportion of 1:1:2; Add composite cellulose decomposition bacteria (provided by Agricultural University Of Nanjing, main component is cellulose-decomposing bacterium, genus bacillus, yeast and mould) by 1% ~ 2% of heap body weight, mix; When heap temperature rises to 55 ~ 65 ℃, carry out turning, through 14 ~ 17 days, the heap body reached the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and water content obtains fertilizer 26 ~ 35% at this moment; According to the parts by weight ratio, add in the stirrer successively by the order of monoammonium phosphate, urea, humic acids, fertilizer, saline and alkaline improvement amendment and to stir, behind the mixing, be fed to granulation in the rotary drum granulator; Fertilizer after the granulation is packed through screening, and it is special-purpose fertile that the marine solonchak rape that gets product presses down salt.
Marine solonchak rape of the present invention presses down in the special-purpose fertilizer of salt effective constituent and comprises organic molecule nutritive ingredients such as micronutrient element such as macronutrient such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and boron and amino acid, and contains marine solonchak and press down the salt component gypsum.
Organic matter has the vital role of improving soil physico-chemical property.China's marine solonchak is subjected to seawater influence, and Soil structure is loose, is rich in potassium and organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus lack, and is unfavorable for growing of rape.Therefore applying organic manure improves soil organic matter content, and the structure of can improving the soil is coordinated water, fertilizer, gas, heat in the soil, creates good edatope.
The main effect of nitrogen is to strengthen nourishing and growing, and improves photosynthesis, promotes the assimilation and the proteinic formation of nitrogen.It is weak to grow when nitrogen is not enough, and leaf is little and thin, and look shallow, and fallen flowers are serious, and flower is little.Growth may stop during serious nitrogen stress, and blade is caducous; The prosperous length of branches and leaves when nitrogen is too much, bud differentiation is bad, and is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe ripe late, yields poorly, poor quality.
Phosphorus is to form nucleus and plasmic main component.It is ripe to have the tissue of impelling, and improves that the plant body is cold-resistant, drought resisting, saline-alkaline tolerance, impels to produce new root, helps bud and forms and improve the flower quality.Phosphorus is plain when lacking, young sprout and radicula impaired development, and leaf, bud differentiation are bad, cold-resistant, drought resisting, anti-salt property weaken.
Boron is many-sided in the intravital effect of tree, it and cell fission, and the transhipment of the formation of tartaric acid and glucide is relevant in the cell.Boron is bloomed to rape good promoter action.Boron also has the promotion root system development, strengthens the effect of resistance against diseases.Root during boron deficiency, stem vegetative point are withered, blade variable color or deformity, and petiole, vein matter are crisp easily broken, and root growth dies down, and bud differentiation is bad.
Gypsum is for saline-alkali soil conditioner commonly used, and by ion exchange, sodium ion in the drip washing topsoil, and the native accumulation of salt in the surface soil of inhibition table reach the effect of coastal saline soil improvement.And calcium ion promotes soil aggregate to form by cementation, reaches the effect of the structure of improving the soil, and coordinates water, fertilizer, gas, heat in the soil, creates good edatope.
The special-purpose fertilizer of the present invention is to determine various nutrient proportionings according to the obstruction factor of rape dietetic alimentation feature and marine solonchak, and nutrient element can the balance supply, and plant recovery of nutrient improves greatly, and is remarkable to promoter action, the synergistic effect of growth of rape.
Next is according to fertilizer effect test and soil testing result, we have determined the controlled 3:2 of being made as of supply ratio of sea front solonchak rapeseed cultivation npk nutrient, and in addition, rape is also comparatively responsive to micronutrient boron, when making special-purpose fertilizer, in additive, add an amount of micronutrient boron.Determined special fertilizer formula (proportioning of various compositions is calculated according to the mass fraction in the prescription) in view of the above.
| Fertilizer | 250~300 |
| Humic acids | 150~200 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 130~170 |
| Urea | 200~220 |
| Saline and alkaline improvement amendment | 150~200 |
Described 150 ~ 200 portions of saline and alkaline improvement amendments are made up of gypsum, attapulgite and borax, wherein borax accounts for 1～2 weight part, all the other press (8 ~ 9) by gypsum and attapulgite: the weight ratio configuration of (1 ~ 2) forms, this saline and alkaline improvement amendment has good inhibitory effect to sodium ion in the marine solonchak topsoil, and nitrogen is had good controlled-release function.
Beneficial effect:At first, because the organic decomposition and the adsorption of Attapulgite, nitrogen nutrition has certain controlled-release effect, thereby can effectively reduce the number of times that topdresses, and simultaneously, the utilization ratio of nitrogen significantly improves.Secondly, organic composition can significantly improve soil physical in this special-purpose fertilizer, on the basis of fertilizing soil, promotes rape plant strain growth stalwartness, promotes bud differentiation, thereby improves yield of rape.Compare with habits fertilization, marine solonchak is used this special-purpose suety dish and is on average increased production 10%.The 3rd, contain the amino acid more than 1% in this special-purpose fertilizer, in being manured into soil, ecotope that not only can activating soil, and can directly being absorbed by rape root has significant promotion and regulatory function to the growth of rape.The 4th, use this special use fertilizer, can significantly reduce Na in the marine solonchak top layer
+And Cl
-Content on average decreases by more than 10%, and can improve breeding time rhizosphere soil organic content more than 0.5%.And the degree that causes harm of rape disease and pest is lower, reduces control number of times and dosing, in saving of labor's abridged edition, reduces the malicious secondary residual quantity of chemical prevention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the technological process of production figure of fertilizer.
Fig. 2 presses down the special-purpose fertile technological process of production figure of salt for the marine solonchak rape.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific examples, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only are used for that the present invention will be described, do not constitute the restriction to the claim scope, other alternative means that it may occur to persons skilled in the art that are all in claim scope of the present invention.
Described saline and alkaline improvement amendment is made up of gypsum, attapulgite and borax, and wherein borax accounts for 2kg, and all the other press (8 ~ 9) by gypsum and attapulgite: the weight ratio configuration of (1 ~ 2) forms
Embodiment 1:
| Fertilizer | 300 kilograms |
| Humic acids | 150 kilograms |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 160 kilograms |
| Urea | 200 kilograms |
| Saline and alkaline improvement amendment | 190 kilograms |
Preparation process is: the waste liquid slag of the crop material, rice chaff and the Gourmet Powder Factory that pulverize is mixed the back accumulation by the weight proportion of 1:1:2; Add composite cellulose decomposition bacteria (provided by Agricultural University Of Nanjing, main component is cellulose-decomposing bacterium, genus bacillus, yeast and mould) by 1% ~ 2% of heap body weight, mix; When heap temperature rises to 55 ~ 65 ℃, carry out turning, through 14 ~ 17 days, the heap body reached the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and water content obtains fertilizer 26 ~ 35% at this moment; According to the parts by weight ratio, add in the stirrer successively by the order of 160 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 200 kilograms in urea, 150 kilograms of humic acidss, 300 kilograms of fertilizers, 190 kilograms of saline and alkaline improvement amendments and to stir, behind the mixing, be fed to granulation in the rotary drum granulator; Fertilizer after the granulation is packed through screening, and it is special-purpose fertile that the marine solonchak rape that gets product presses down salt.
Embodiment 2:
| Fertilizer | 250 kilograms |
| Humic acids | 180 kilograms |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 130 kilograms |
| Calcium superphosphate | 100 kilograms |
| Urea | 200 kilograms |
| Saline and alkaline improvement amendment | 140 kilograms |
After preparing raw material in proportion, take the granulation of rotary drum method.In the granulation process, regulate the granulation effect, make it to meet the standard of national compound organic and inorganic fertilizer by moisture.Above-mentioned two prescription consumptions can be produced special-purpose fertile 1000 kilograms of finished product, and nutrient is 12-8-0, and organic and amino acid whose content is respectively more than 20% and 1%, and gypsum content is more than 10%, and borax 2kg.On the marine solonchak of moderate degree of salinity, execute this rape with base manure mode mu and press down special-purpose fertile 50 kilograms of salt, under other cultivation management measure same case, can strengthen the anti-salt alkali ability of rape, on average increase production 10% than traditional fertilization, can significantly reduce simultaneously rape and show Na in the soil breeding time
+And Cl
-Content on average decreases by more than 10%, and raising rhizosphere soil organic content breeding time is more than 0.5%.
Embodiment 3
| Fertilizer | 300 kilograms |
| Humic acids | 200 kilograms |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 170 kilograms |
| Urea | 220 kilograms |
| Saline and alkaline improvement amendment | 200 kilograms |
Preparation process is: the waste liquid slag of the crop material, rice chaff and the Gourmet Powder Factory that pulverize is mixed the back accumulation by the weight proportion of 1:1:2; Add composite cellulose decomposition bacteria (provided by Agricultural University Of Nanjing, main component is cellulose-decomposing bacterium, genus bacillus, yeast and mould) by 1% ~ 2% of heap body weight, mix; When heap temperature rises to 55 ~ 65 ℃, carry out turning, through 14 ~ 17 days, the heap body reached the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and water content obtains fertilizer 26 ~ 35% at this moment; According to the parts by weight ratio, add in the stirrer successively by the order of 170 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 220 kilograms in urea, 200 kilograms of humic acidss, 300 kilograms of fertilizers, 200 kilograms of saline and alkaline improvement amendments and to stir, behind the mixing, be fed to granulation in the rotary drum granulator; Fertilizer after the granulation is packed through screening, and it is special-purpose fertile that the marine solonchak rape that gets product presses down salt.On the marine solonchak of moderate degree of salinity, execute this rape with base manure mode mu and press down special-purpose fertile 50 kilograms of salt, under other cultivation management measure same case, can strengthen the anti-salt alkali ability of rape, on average increase production 12% than traditional fertilization, can significantly reduce simultaneously rape and show Na in the soil breeding time
+And Cl
-Content on average decreases by more than 11%, and raising rhizosphere soil organic content breeding time is more than 0.5%.
Embodiment 4
| Fertilizer | 250 kilograms |
| Humic acids | 150 kilograms |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 130 kilograms |
| Urea | 200 kilograms |
| Saline and alkaline improvement amendment | 150 kilograms |
Preparation process is: the waste liquid slag of the crop material, rice chaff and the Gourmet Powder Factory that pulverize is mixed the back accumulation by the weight proportion of 1:1:2; Add composite cellulose decomposition bacteria (provided by Agricultural University Of Nanjing, main component is cellulose-decomposing bacterium, genus bacillus, yeast and mould) by 1% ~ 2% of heap body weight, mix; When heap temperature rises to 55 ~ 65 ℃, carry out turning, through 14 ~ 17 days, the heap body reached the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and water content obtains fertilizer 26 ~ 35% at this moment; According to the parts by weight ratio, add in the stirrer successively by the order of 130 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 200 kilograms in urea, 150 kilograms of humic acidss, 250 kilograms of fertilizers, 150 kilograms of saline and alkaline improvement amendments and to stir, behind the mixing, be fed to granulation in the rotary drum granulator; Fertilizer after the granulation is packed through screening, and it is special-purpose fertile that the marine solonchak rape that gets product presses down salt.On the marine solonchak of moderate degree of salinity, execute this rape with base manure mode mu and press down special-purpose fertile 50 kilograms of salt, under other cultivation management measure same case, can strengthen the anti-salt alkali ability of rape, on average increase production 11% than traditional fertilization, can significantly reduce simultaneously rape and show Na in the soil breeding time
+And Cl
-Content on average decreases by more than 12%, and raising rhizosphere soil organic content breeding time is more than 0.5%.
Claims (3)
1. the marine solonchak rape presses down the special-purpose fertilizer of salt, it is characterized in that calculating by weight comprising: 250 ~ 300 parts of fertilizers, 150 ~ 200 parts of humic acidss, 130 ~ 170 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 200 ~ 220 parts in urea, 150 ~ 200 parts of saline and alkaline improvement amendments.
2. it is special-purpose fertile that marine solonchak rape according to claim 1 presses down salt, it is characterized in that described 150 ~ 200 portions of saline and alkaline improvement amendments are made up of gypsum, attapulgite and borax, wherein borax accounts for 1～2 weight part, and all the other press (8 ~ 9) by gypsum and attapulgite: the weight ratio configuration of (1 ~ 2) forms.
3. prepare the described marine solonchak rape of claim 1 and press down the special-purpose fertile method of salt, it is characterized in that preparation process is:
(1) the waste liquid slag of the crop material, rice chaff and the Gourmet Powder Factory that pulverize is mixed the back accumulation by the weight proportion of 1:1:2;
(2) add composite cellulose decomposition bacteria by 1% ~ 2% of heap body weight, mix;
(3) when heap temperature rises to 55 ~ 65 ℃, carry out turning, through 14 ~ 17 days, the heap body reached the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and water content obtains fertilizer 26 ~ 35% at this moment;
(4) according to the parts by weight ratio, add in the stirrer successively by the order of monoammonium phosphate, urea, humic acids, fertilizer, saline and alkaline improvement amendment and to stir, behind the mixing finished product marine solonchak rape to press down salt special-purpose fertile.
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| CN102653483A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-05 | 张希纯 | Controlled-release nitrogen potash fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102653483B (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2014-02-26 | 张希纯 | Controlled-release nitrogen potash fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102351613B (en) * | 2011-07-10 | 2013-05-29 | 南京农业大学 | Organic fertilizer for controlling soil salinization of coastal saline soil and killing underground insects and preparation method thereof |
| CN102351613A (en) * | 2011-07-10 | 2012-02-15 | 南京农业大学 | Organic fertilizer for controlling soil salinization of coastal saline soil and killing underground insects and preparation method thereof |
| CN102503680A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-06-20 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
| CN103597925B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-09-02 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | A kind of agricultural wastes that utilize repair the method for salinization soil as modifying agent |
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| CN104892305A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-09 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | A high-selenium fertilizer for saline-alkali land and applications thereof in plantation of chinaberry tree |
| CN104962293A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-07 | 安徽养禾天生物科技有限公司 | Method for improving soil subjected to secondary salinization |
| CN105237293A (en) * | 2015-09-20 | 2016-01-13 | 北京谷金泰农业发展有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer, and preparation method and use method thereof |
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| CN105130710A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏林华环境科技股份有限公司 | Novel improved fertilizer for viscous saline-alkali land, and preparation and application methods thereof |
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