CN101894774A - 电子部件安装方法和电子部件安装装置 - Google Patents
电子部件安装方法和电子部件安装装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101894774A CN101894774A CN2010102397667A CN201010239766A CN101894774A CN 101894774 A CN101894774 A CN 101894774A CN 2010102397667 A CN2010102397667 A CN 2010102397667A CN 201010239766 A CN201010239766 A CN 201010239766A CN 101894774 A CN101894774 A CN 101894774A
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Abstract
问题:为了改善安装电子部件时的生产率和可靠性。解决问题的方法:电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子的至少一个预先配置有焊料,固定配线衬底和电子部件之一,并且在夹持没有固定的配线衬底和电子部件之一的状态下使电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子彼此毗邻。然后,加热电子部件使得熔化焊料,并且在夹持电子部件的同时固化焊料,使得通过焊料将电极端子和连接端子彼此接合。另外,在通过熔化的焊料保持配线衬底和电子部件之间形成的间隔的同时,将电极端子和连接端子相对于配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向彼此相对移动。
Description
本申请是2006年3月17日递交的申请号为200680008455.1的发明专利申请“电子部件安装方法和电子部件安装装置”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种方法和装置,用于通过焊接将电子部件安装到配线衬底上。
背景技术
迄今为止,传统上采用的形成电子电路的方法是通过回流焊接将电子部件连接到配线衬底上,所述电子部件的示例包括诸如电阻和电容之类的无源器件或者诸如半导体元件之类的功能性元件。
在回流焊接中,将预定量的焊料等涂敷到配线衬底上的给定连接端子上,并且然后通过焊料的粘附强度来固定电子部件的电极端子,以便面对连接端子。其后,将电子部件通过焊料所粘附的配线衬底放置在回流炉中,使得焊料熔化。结果,将电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子彼此相连。
在前述方法中,只利用焊料的粘附强度来固定配线衬底和电子部件,并且通过当焊料熔化时焊料的表面张力产生的自对齐效应将两个部件彼此接合,使得可以解决在连接端子和电极端子之间可能产生的任意程度的位移。
然而,因为微芯片部件会增加以下问题:直接安装CSP封装或具有裸芯片结构的半导体元件,以便解决近年来显著减小的配线衬底尺寸和厚度问题。在其中在配线衬底上使用诸如裸芯片半导体元件之类的薄电子部件的情况下,在回流中的加热工艺中产生翘曲或漩涡,导致不能获得自对齐效应,并且待焊接的部分不幸地脱落并且未能焊接。在使用具有微尺寸的电子部件(例如具有0603尺寸或抛光为较薄的裸芯片半导体元件的芯片部件)的情况下,不能通过在回流炉中产生的风压将这些电子部件精确地放置在连接端子处。
为了解决所述问题,存在一种可用的方法,当在将电子部件经由焊料粘附到配线衬底的连接端子之后,当通过加热/增压头将电子部件从其背面进行增压和加热时,使焊料熔化,使得将电极端子与连接端子彼此相连。该方法不会产生前述部件的位移。然而,由于没有发挥自对齐效应,因此必须预先高精度地将电子部件的电极端子的位置与配线衬底的连接端子对齐。还需要保持位置对齐的电子部件和配线衬底,直到焊料熔化并且固化为止。
为了响应于所述必要性,提出了一种安装半导体芯片的方法(在下文中称为第一安装方法),其被设计用于提高表面安装时的定位精确性和生产效率。
第一安装方法包括步骤:
将焊料涂敷到配线衬底上的预定位置,并且放置电子部件;
将焊料熔化以最终到达至少熔化温度,并且将电子部件的引脚(lead)焊接到配线衬底的焊接区(land);以及
在全部连接点处熔化焊料之后,振动配线衬底直到任意一个引脚-焊接区(lead-land)连接点冷却到最终达到固化点为止。
(例如,参见专利文献1)
根据第一安装方法,所施加的振动减小了电子部件和配线衬底之间的摩擦阻力。在其中减小摩擦阻力的情况下,待焊接的引脚和焊接区通过在熔化的焊料中产生的表面张力吸引到一起,使得它们之间的距离最小化。结果,可以有利地将它们彼此焊接。
另外,提出了一种经由焊料突起(solder bump)将半导体芯片安装到配线衬底上的方法(在下文中称作第二安装方法)。
第二安装方法包括步骤:
将半导体芯片保持在接合工具中,并且将半导体芯片的位置与配线衬底对齐;
使已位置对齐的半导体芯片的焊料突起与配线衬底上的预定位置处的电极焊盘接触;
加热并且熔化焊料突起;
在熔化工艺期间,调节配线衬底和半导体芯片之间的间隔;以及
通过使用已熔化焊料突起的自对齐动作沿XYθ方向驱动接合工具,调节熔化工艺之后配线衬底和半导体芯片之间的任意位移。
(例如,参见专利文献2)
专利文献1:日本未审专利公开H06-260744
专利文献2:日本未审专利公开H10-032225
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
根据第一安装方法,在加热焊料从而使其熔化的状态中向配线衬底施加振动,减小了电子部件和配线衬底之间的摩擦阻力,并且从而有效地施加了自对齐效应。然而,通常电子部件不能承受用于将从外部将电子部件压到配线衬底中的负荷,并且电子部件由于振动而易于移动。结果,电子部件经常由于回流装置中的风压而相对连接端子不重合。另外,其中间距非常精细的半导体芯片等可能由于振动而短路。
其中将加热和驱动机制设置在接合工具一侧的第二安装方法具有下述问题。当重复地加热接合工具时,将热传输到XYθ驱动机制中,这不利地使支撑机制等的滑动性能退化。
提出本发明以便解决前述问题,并且本发明的主要目的是提出一种安装方法和一种安装装置,用于制造生成率和可靠性更高的电子部件安装本体。
用于解决所述问题的方法
为了实现前述目的,根据本发明的电子部件安装方法是一种经由焊接将包括电极端子的电子部件安装到包括连接端子的配线衬底上的方法,所述方法包括:
第一步骤,用于准备在电极端子处具有焊料的电子部件和在连接端子处具有焊料的配线衬底的至少之一;
第二步骤,用于固定配线衬底和电子部件之一;
第三步骤,用于在夹持配线衬底和电子部件中没有固定的那一个的状态下,使电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子彼此毗邻;
第四步骤,用于通过加热电子部件来熔化焊料;以及
第五步骤,用于通过在夹持电子部件的同时固化焊料、使用焊料将电极端子和连接端子彼此粘附,其中:
在第五步骤中,在维持当熔化焊料时在配线衬底和电子部件之间形成的间隔的状态下,可以将电极端子和连接端子相对于配线衬底的表面、沿XYθ方向彼此相对地精细移动。
根据所述方法,当电子部件与配线衬底上的安装位置毗邻时可以精确地定位所述电子部件,并且当使电子部件与要利用熔化的焊料粘附的配线衬底上的安装配置毗邻时,可以有效地施加由焊料的表面张力产生的自对齐效应。结果,可以按照这种方式焊接连接电子部件,使得不会引起任何位移。另外,可以实现其中几乎不能将由热源产生的热传输给精细运动机制的状态,所述精细运动机制可以精细地沿XYθ方向移动。
另外在上述方法中,可以利用由熔化焊料的自对齐产生的驱动力将电极端子和连接端子沿XYθ方向相对于彼此精细地移动。因此,当使电子部件与配线衬底上的安装位置毗邻时,可以精确地定位所述电子部件,并且当使电子部件与要利用熔化焊料粘附的配线衬底上的安装位置毗邻时,可以有效地施加由焊料的表面张力产生的自对齐效应。
根据本发明的电子部件安装方法是一种经由焊接将包括电极端子的电子部件安装到包括连接端子的配线衬底上的方法,包括:
第一步骤,用于固定配线衬底和电子部件之一;
第二步骤,用于将包括焊粉、在焊粉的熔化温度下具有流动性的对流添加剂和树脂的树脂合成物涂敷到配线衬底和电子部件中被固定的那一个的形成有连接端子的区域或者形成有电极端子的表面上;
第三步骤,用于在夹持配线衬底和电子部件中没有固定的那一个的状态下,使电子部件的电极端子与配线衬底的连接端子彼此毗邻,并且在电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子之间插入树脂合成物;以及
第四步骤,用于通过在保持电极端子和连接端子彼此毗邻状态的同时加热配线衬底和电子部件至少之一、使用焊粉将电极端子和连接端子彼此粘附。
在第四步骤中,熔化焊粉,并且按照以下方式生长已熔化的焊粉:借助于对流添加剂在电极端子和连接端子之间自组装所述焊粉,使得将电子端子和连接端子彼此焊接连接。
根据所述方法,无需预先在电极端子之一上形成焊料就可以将电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子彼此焊接连接。另外,因为使电子部件恒定地与树脂合成物毗邻,可以有效地自组装焊粉,并且在连接之后几乎不会出现由残余的焊粉产生的短路故障。
另外在第四步骤中,优选地在通过熔化的焊粉将电极端子和连接端子相连之后通过加载工具夹持电子部件和配线衬底之一的状态下,加载工具相对于配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向是可精细地移动的。因此,当通过熔化的焊粉将电极端子和连接端子彼此相连时,电子部件沿XYθ方向在配线衬底的表面上精细地移动,并且从而可以有效地施加焊粉的自对齐效应。结果,在连接之后几乎不会出现位移。
在第四步骤中,在通过熔化的焊粉将电极端子和连接端子彼此接合之后,在通过加载工具夹持电子部件和配线衬底之一的状态下,加载工具可以相对于其中形成电极端子的电子部件的表面沿XYθ方向是可精细地移动的。
替代地,在通过熔化的焊粉将电极端子和连接端子彼此接合之后,在通过固定台夹持电子部件和配线衬底之一的状态下,固定台可以相对于其中形成连接端子的配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向是可精细地移动的。
另外,可以通过熔化焊粉的自对齐产生的驱动力来精细地移动加载工具或固定工具。因此,当通过熔化的焊粉将电极端子和连接端子彼此接合时,将加载工具或固定工具沿XYθ方向在配线衬底的表面上精细地移动。结果,可以有效地施加焊粉的自对齐效应,并且在连接之后几乎不会出现位移。
另外,所述方法在第四步骤之后还包括:
第五步骤,用于通过进一步地向树脂合成物加热来硬化树脂合成物中的树脂;以及
第六步骤,用于在硬化树脂之后通过衬底加载工具释放配线衬底的夹持力。
因此,因为在其中熔化焊粉的状态下有效地产生了自对齐效应,可以解决了位移问题地来硬化树脂。因此,即使转移了电子部件或配线衬底,直到将焊粉冷却到固化状态为止,不会转移连接部分。结果,可以在硬化树脂之后迅速从固定台上依靠其上安装了电子部件的配线衬底。
另外优选的是电子部件是半导体元件,并且在半导体元件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子的表面上形成相对于焊粉具有润湿性的金属材料。因此当将相对于焊粉具有良好润湿性的金属简单地设置在半导体元件的电极端子处时,可以将半导体元件与配线衬底焊接连接,并且从而可以按照简化的方式将半导体元件安装到配线衬底上。相对于焊粉具有良好润湿性的金属示例包括诸如金(Au)、银(Ag)、铜(Cu)和镍(Ni)之类的单金属及其合金、以及由银-(Ag)-铜(Cu)-锡(Sn)表示的焊料。根据这些形成的焊料通过沉积、电镀等来形成。
根据本发明的电子部件安装装置是一种用于经由焊接将包括电极端子的电子部件安装到包括连接端子的配线衬底上的电子部件安装装置,包括:
固定台,用于固定电子部件和配线衬底之一;
加载工具,用于在对没有固定的配线衬底和电子部件之一进行夹持的状态下,使电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子彼此毗邻;
加热机制,用于在电极端子和连接端子彼此毗邻的状态下加热电子部件和配线衬底的至少之一;
XYθ驱动机制,用于在通过固定台执行固定操作以及通过加载工具执行夹持操作的状态下,相对于配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向彼此相对地精细移动电极端子和连接端子;以及
固定机制,用于通过暂停XYθ驱动机制来彼此相对地固定电子部件和配线衬底。
根据前述构造,本发明可以通过具有较高定位精确度的焊料实现连接。另外,因为可以将XYθ驱动机制设置在相距加热机制位置的远端位置,可以放置XYθ驱动机制免于由热导致的恶化。因此,可以可靠地实现精细移动较长的时间段,使得装置更可靠。
可以按照以下方式不同地组成XYθ驱动机制:将配线衬底不固定地放置在抗焊料熔化温度的液体(例如油)上,将配线衬底直接不固定地放置在其中喷出其他(例如氮气)的部分上,或者将配线衬底不固定地磁性金属盘上,并且通过将金属盘和设置在与所述金属盘相反位置处的另一个磁性金属盘磁化到相同磁极时产生的排斥力使所述配线衬底漂浮。
另外在前述构造中,可以操作XYθ驱动机制,直到通过加热机制熔化焊料并且将其固化为止。因此,只当熔化焊料并且从而施加自对齐效应时可以驱动XYθ驱动机制。结果,定位可以是高度精确的。
另外在前述构造中,XYθ驱动机制可以包括隔热机制,用于控制从加热机制向电子部件或配线衬底传输的热。当设置隔热机制时,可以放置Xyθ驱动机制免于由热引起的恶化。隔热机制的示例包括诸如其中散布气泡的树脂和多孔陶瓷之类的具有较小热传导性的材料。当将这些材料的任一种设置在其中固定地夹持加载工具的那部分电子部件的夹持部分和XYθ驱动机制之间时,可以实现隔热机制。
根据本发明的一种电子部件安装装置是一种经由焊接将包括电极端子的电子部件安装到包括连接端子的配线衬底上的电子部件安装装置,包括:
固定台,用于固定电子部件和配线衬底之一;
涂敷机制,用于将包括焊粉、在焊粉的熔化温度下具有流动性的对流添加剂和树脂的树脂合成物涂敷到其中形成连接端子的区域或在通过固定台固定的配线衬底和电子部件之一中形成电极端子的表面上;
加载工具,用于在对没有固定的配线衬底和电子部件之一进行夹持的状态下,使电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子经由树脂合成物彼此毗邻;以及
加热机制,用于在电极端子和连接端子彼此毗邻的状态下加热电子部件和配线衬底的至少之一。
根据前述构造,本发明可以通过具有良好可再现性焊料自组装并且按照可靠的方式实现焊接连接。此外,在这种焊接连接中几乎不会出现短路故障和连接故障。
在前述构造中,优选的是加载工具夹持电子部件,并且还包括XYθ驱动机制,用于在夹持电子部件的状态下相对于配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向精细地移动电子部件。
在前述构造中,优选的是固定台固定配线衬底,并且还包括XYθ驱动机制用于在固定配线衬底的状态下相对于其中形成电极端子的电子部件的表面沿XYθ方向精细地移动配线衬底。
根据前述构造,其中加载工具或固定台夹持电子部件或配线衬底,可以防止电子部件和配线衬底支架的任意位移以及这两个部件之间间隔的任何改变(所述位移和改变通过当对流添加剂沸腾或分解时产生的气体产生),直到焊粉自组装并且通过焊料将电极端子和连接端子彼此相连。因此,尽管具有精细的间距也可以防止间距之间短路,并且可以生长焊料。另外,因为在将这两个部件彼此相连之后可以有效地施加自对齐效应,可以解决可能存在的位移。
根据本发明的一种电子部件安装装置是一种经由焊接将包括电极端子的电子部件安装到包括连接端子的配线衬底上的电子部件安装装置,包括:
固定台,用于固定电子部件和配线衬底之一;
涂敷机制,用于将包括焊粉、在焊粉的熔化温度下具有流动性的对流添加剂和树脂的树脂合成物涂敷到其中形成连接端子的区域或在通过固定台固定的配线衬底和电子部件之一中形成电极端子的表面上;
加载工具,用于在对没有固定的配线衬底和电子部件之一进行夹持的状态下,使电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子经由树脂合成物彼此毗邻;以及
加热机制,用于在电极端子和连接端子彼此毗邻的状态下加热电子部件和配线衬底的至少之一。
根据前述构造,本发明可以通过具有良好可再现性焊料自组装并且按照可靠的方式实现焊接连接。此外,在这种焊接连接中几乎不会出现短路故障和连接故障。
在前述构造中,优选的是加载工具夹持电子部件,并且还包括XYθ驱动机制,用于在夹持电子部件的状态下相对于配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向精细地移动电子部件。优选地在通过焊料将电极端子和连接端子彼此相连之后熔化焊料状态下操作XYθ驱动机制。
在前述构造中,优选的是固定台固定配线衬底,并且还包括XYθ驱动机制,用于在固定配线衬底的状态下相对于其中形成电极端子的电子部件的表面沿XYθ方向精细地移动配线衬底。优选地在通过焊料将电极端子和连接端子彼此相连之后熔化焊料状态下操作XYθ驱动机制。
根据前述构造,其中加载工具夹持电子部件或配线衬底,可以防止电子部件和配线衬底支架的任意位移以及这两个部件之间间隔的任何改变(所述位移和改变通过当对流添加剂沸腾或分解时产生的气体产生),直到焊粉自组装并且通过焊料将电极端子和连接端子彼此相连。因此,尽管具有精细的间距也可以防止间距之间短路,并且可以生长焊料。另外,因为在将这两个部件彼此相连之后可以有效地施加自对齐效应,可以解决可能存在的位移。
另外在前述构造中,优选地,加热机制还包括用于将已加热的焊加热到比前一个加热温度高的温度的功能。根据前述构造,例如当使用热硬化树脂作为树脂合成物中的树脂时,可以通过在熔化焊料的状态下这样产生的热将电子部件和配线衬底固定地彼此粘附。因此,可以在获得前述状态之后从固定台上去除其上安装了电子部件的配线衬底。结果,可以进一步地改善生产率。
另外在前述构造中,优选地XYθ驱动机制还可以包括隔热机制,用于控制从加热机制传输的热。当设置隔热机制时,可以防止XYθ驱动机制免于由热导致的恶化。隔热机制的示例包括诸如其中散布了空气泡的树脂和多孔陶瓷之类的具有较小热传导性的材料,将所述材料设置在保持部分之间,用于固定地保持加载工具的电子部件部分和XYθ驱动机制。当将这些材料的任一种设置在保持部分和XYθ驱动机制之间时,所述保持部分固定地保持了加载工具的电子部件部分,可以实现隔热机制。
本发明的有益效果
根据本发明,可以在通过安装工艺中的部分加载工具确定了电子部件的位置之后的步骤中,可以防止电子部件位置的任意移动。另外,可以有效地利用焊料的自对齐效应,以便将电子部件与配线衬底相连。结果,当对包括配置有大量管脚和教窄间距的电极端子的电子部件进行安装时,可以改善生产率和可靠性。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本发明第一优选实施例的电子部件安装装置的示意性构造的剖面图。
图2A是根据第一优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第一阶段的剖面图。
图2B是根据第一优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第二阶段的剖面图。
图3A是根据第一优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第三阶段的剖面图。
图3B是根据第一优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第四阶段的剖面图。
图4是根据第一优选实施例的电子部件安装工艺流程图。
图5A是根据本发明第二优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第一阶段的剖面图。
图5B是根据第二优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第二阶段的剖面图。
图6A是根据第二优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第三阶段的剖面图。
图6B是根据第二优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第四阶段的剖面图。
图7A是根据本发明第三优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第一阶段的剖面图。
图7B是根据第三优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第二阶段的剖面图。
图8A是根据第三优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第三阶段的剖面图。
图8B是根据第三优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第四阶段的剖面图。
图9是根据第三优选实施例的电子部件安装工艺流程图。
图10A是根据本发明第四优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第一阶段的剖面图。
图10B是根据第四优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第二阶段的剖面图。
图11A是根据第四优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第三阶段的剖面图。
图11B是根据第四优选实施例的安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的第四阶段的剖面图。
附图标记描述
10、40、72 组件加载工具
12、42、52 工具固定部分
14、48、56 XYθ驱动机制
16 隔热机制
18 固定机制
20、44、54、74 保持部分
22、46、70 衬底固定台
24 底座
26 柱形支架
28 水平移动部分
30、60 电子部件(半导体元件)
30A、60A 电极端子
32、62 配线衬底
32A、62A 连接端子
34 焊料突起
50 衬底加载工具
58 组件固定台
64 树脂合成物
66 树脂
68 焊粉
76 焊料
具体实施方式
在下文中将参考附图描述本发明的优选实施例。相同的部件配置有相同的附图标记并且不再描述。
优选实施例1
图1至图4是用于描述根据本发明第一优选实施例安装电子部件的方法和装置。图1是示出了根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置的示意性构造的剖面图。图2A、2B、3A和3B是根据本优选实施例安装电子部件的方法的主要过程的剖面图。图4是根据本优选实施例的流程图。
如图1所示,在根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置中,将组件加载工具10和衬底固定台22设置在底座24上。组件加载工具由直立设置在底座24上的柱形支架26和水平运动部分28保持。柱形支架26将组件加载工具10上下移动,并且水平移动部分28水平地移动组件加载工具10以从而粗略地确定位置。
组件加载工具10包括工具固定部分12、XYθ驱动机制14、隔热机制16、固定机制18和保持部分20。另外,将加热机制设置在保持部分20内部,并且可以通过加热机制将电子部件加热到预定温度。设置隔热机制16,以便当通过保持部分20的加热机制加热电子部件时控制去往XYθ驱动机制14上的热传输。例如,可以固定地使用多孔陶瓷盘作为隔热机制16,或者可以使用诸如聚酰亚胺之类的耐热树脂。
另外,组件加载工具10包括用于通过保持部分20拾取事先放置在某个位置(未示出)的电子部件并将其移动到衬底固定台22的机制以及用于将所述电子部件沿衬底固定台22的方向移动的机制。这些操作可以通过未示出的控制器来控制。
以下描述了本优选实施例,其中使用半导体元件作为电子部件30,以及将半导体元件安装到配线衬底32上。
在半导体元件30的表面之一上的整个区域上按照恒定间距形成电极端子30A,并且电极端子30A配置有焊盘突起34。可以按照将焊料球与焊料等固定接合的方式形成焊盘突起34,或者可以通过电镀形成焊盘突起。配线衬底32在安装半导体元件30的位置处配置有连接端子32A。配线衬底32可以是双面配线衬底或者是多层配线衬底。另外,配线衬底可以主要由树脂或陶瓷构成,或者可以是其上形成配线的硅衬底或玻璃衬底。
以下参考图2A至图4描述根据本优选实施例的安装方法。
首先,通过衬底固定台22固定配线衬底32(S01)。接下来,通过组件加载工具10在未示出的位置拾取半导体元件30(S02)并且将所述半导体元件30移动至衬底固定台22(S03)。在将半导体元件30移动至衬底固定台22之后,将半导体元件30的电极端子30A和配线衬底32的连接端子32A位置对齐(S04)。该状态如图2A所示。
如图2B所示,在维持位置对齐状态的同时将组件加载工具10向配线衬底32移动,使得半导体元件30与配线衬底32毗邻(S05)。
接下来,操作在保持部分20中设置的加热机制,使得加热半导体元件30(S06),并且从而熔化在半导体元件30的电极端子30A上形成的焊料34。
如图3A所示,在熔化焊料34之后,通过固定机制18对XYθ驱动机制14的固定被解除(S07)。从而可以驱动XYθ驱动机制14,并且在维持毗邻状态(更具体地,配线衬底32和电子部件30之间产生的间隔)的同时,从XYθ驱动机制14直到包括半导体元件30的保持部分20的部件只能相对于配线衬底32表面沿XYθ方向自由地移动。因此,当熔化焊料34并且从而产生自对齐效应时,使半导体元件30受到自对齐效应的影响并且从而容易地移动。
接下来,暂停通过加热机制的加热工艺,使得固化焊料34。在将焊料34完全固化之后,释放由部件加载工具10实现的夹持操作(S08)。另外,当随后将配线衬底32从衬底固定台22去除时,获得了如图3B所示的电子部件安装结构。
根据这样描述的安装方法和安装装置,可以获得这样的安装结构:其中没有引起任意位移,并且恒定地保持半导体元件30和配线衬底32之间的间隔。因此,可以安装具有精细间距的电子部件,并且使所述电子部件免于倾斜。结果,与传统的安装方法和安装装置相比可以进一步地改善可靠性。
在本优选实施例中,将加热机制设置在组件加载工具10的保持部分20中,然而,可以将加热机制设置在衬底固定台22上,使得可以从衬底固定台22供热。按照这种方式,可以简单地构造隔热机制16,或者可以省略隔热机制16。
第二优选实施例
图5A至6B是用于描述根据本发明第二优选实施例安装电子部件的装置和其中使用所述装置安装电子部件的方法的图。根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置的一般形状与图1所示的电子部件安装装置的形状相同。在本优选实施例的描述中,使用半导体元件作为电子部件。
基于与图1相比的差别参考图5A所示工艺的剖面图描述根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置。组件加载工具40包括工具固定部分42和保持部分44。在保持部分44内部设置了加热机制,用于加热未示出的半导体元件30。另外,提供了用于使半导体元件30与配线衬底32彼此平行毗邻的机制(也未示出)。
将XYθ驱动机制48设置在衬底固定台46和配线衬底32之间。在衬底固定台46内部设置了固定机制,用于固定XYθ驱动机制48(未示出)。
在根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置的情况下,XYθ驱动机制48可以按照以下方式组成:向柔性袋状片填充诸如油之类的可以耐受焊料34的熔化温度的液体,并且将配线衬底32放置在片的表面上。在这种情况下固定机制可以按照以下方式组成:设置比片高的管脚的上下机制,并且管脚直接接触待固定的配线衬底。
替代地,XYθ驱动机制48可以按照以下方式组成:将平板设置在衬底固定台46的上半部分上,并且将诸如氮气之类的气体散布在平板的整个表面上,使得所述平板漂浮。在这种情况下,将配线衬底32固定地设置在平板上,并且用于散布气体的气源和用于传输气体的阀门与固定机制相对应。
以下参考图5A至6B描述其中使用根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置的安装方法。可以根据与图4相同的流程执行的根据本优选实施例的安装方法将参考图4进行描述。
首先,通过衬底固定台46固定配线衬底32(S01)。此时,因为通过未示出的固定机制固定XYθ驱动机制,配线衬底32只能作为与衬底固定台46成为一体的单块而移动。参考其中在配线衬底32的连接端子32A的表面上形成焊料34的示例描述本优选实施例。
接下来,通过组件加载工具40在未示出的位置拾取半导体元件30(S02),并且将所述半导体元件30移动至衬底固定台46(S03)。在将半导体元件30移动至衬底固定台46之后,将半导体元件30的电极端子30A和配线衬底32的连接端子32A位置对齐(S04)。该状态如图5A所示。
接下来如图5B所示,在维持位置对齐状态的同时沿配线衬底32的方向移动组件加载工具40,使得半导体元件30与配线衬底32毗邻(S05)。
接下来,操作设置在保持部分44中的加热机制,使得加热半导体元件30(S06)。所施加的热然后熔化了在配线衬底32的连接端子32A上形成的焊料34。
接下来如图6A所示,在熔化焊料34之后,解除通过固定机制实现的XYθ驱动机制的固定(S07),并且从而可以驱动XYθ驱动机制48。因此,在维持相对于半导体元件30的毗邻状态(更具体地,配线衬底32和电子部件30之间产生的间隔)的同时,只可以相对于配线衬底32的表面沿XYθ方向自由地移动设置在XYθ驱动机制上的配线衬底32。因此,当熔化焊料34,并且从而产生自对齐效应时,使配线衬底32受到自对齐效应的影响并且从而易于移动。
接下来,暂停由加热机制进行的加热过程,使得固化焊料34。当将焊料34完全固化时,解除通过组件加载工具10实现的夹持操作(S08)。其后,将配线衬底32从衬底固定台46上去除(S09)。
结果,获得了如图6B所示的电子部件安装结构。这样获得的电子部件安装结构具有与根据第一优选实施例的电子部件安装结构相同的结构。
根据这样描绘的安装方法和安装装置,可以获得其中不会引起任何位移并且恒定地保持半导体元件30和配线衬底32之间的间隔的安装结构。因此,可以以精细的间距安装电子部件并且防止倾斜。结果,与传统安装方法和安装装置相比,可以进一步地改善可靠性。
第三优选实施例
图7A至8B是用于描述根据本发明第三优选实施例安装电子部件的装置和使用所述装置安装电子部件的方法。根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置与图1所示的电子部件安装装置的不同之处在于以下几点。
首先,在根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置中,通过组件固定台固定电子部件,然后通过衬底加载工具夹持配线衬底,并且将所述配线衬底移动至这样的位置,其中将电子部件放置在组件固定台上的该位置以便与电子部件毗邻。
其次,将加热机制放置在组件固定台一侧上,并且将XYθ驱动机制放置在衬底加载工具一侧上。与根据第一优选实施例的电子部件安装装置相同的其余构造不再描述。
以下描述的是根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装方法和电子部件安装装置的构造。在本优选实施例中,使用半导体元件作为电子部件。参考其中在配线衬底32的连接端子32A的表面上形成焊料34的示例描述本优选实施例。
参考图7A所示的剖面图,基于与图1相比较的差别来描述根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置。衬底加载工具50主要包括工具固定台52、保持部分54和XYθ驱动机制56。衬底加载工具还包括用于使半导体元件30和配线衬底32彼此平行毗邻的未示出的机制。
将XYθ驱动机制56设置在衬底加载工具50的保持部分54和配线衬底32之间。另外,在保持部分54内部设置用于固定XYθ驱动机制56的固定机制(未示出)。省略了可以如在第二优选实施例中所述进行构造的XYθ驱动机制和固定机制的描述。
以下参考图7A至8B所示的主要过程的剖面图和图9所示的流程图,描述其中使用根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置的安装方法。
首先,通过组件固定台58固定半导体元件30(S11)。
接下来在未示出的位置处,通过衬底加载工具50拾取半导体元件30(S12),并且将所述半导体元件移动至组件固定台58(S13)。在将半导体元件30移动至组件固定台58之后,将配线衬底32的连接端子32A和半导体元件30的电极端子30A位置对齐(S14)。该状态如图7A所示。
接下来如图7B所示,在维持位置对齐状态的同时沿半导体元件30的方向移动衬底加载工具50,并且从而使半导体元件30与配线衬底32毗邻(S15)。此时,因为通过未示出的固定机制固定XYθ驱动机制56,配线衬底32只能作为与衬底加载工具50成为一体的单块而移动。
接下来,操作设置在组件固定台58中的加热机制,使得加热半导体元件30(S16)。然后所施加的热熔化了在配线衬底32的连接端子32A上形成的焊料34。
如图8A所示,在熔化焊料34之后解除由固定机制实现的XYθ驱动机制56的固定(S17)。从而驱动XYθ驱动机制56,并且可以在维持相对于半导体元件30的毗邻状态(更具体地,在配线衬底32和电子部件30之间产生的间隔)的同时,只能相对于配线衬底32的表面沿XYθ方向自由地移动。因此,当熔化焊料34并且从而产生自对齐效应时,使配线衬底32受到自对齐效应的影响并且从而易于移动。
接下来,暂停由加热机制实现的加热过程,使得固化焊料34。当将焊料34完全固化时,解除半导体元件30相对于组件固定台58的固定。其后,将配线衬底32与衬底加载工具50一起移动,然后解除配线衬底32的夹持(S19)。
结果,获得了如图8B所示的电子部件安装结构。这样获得的电子部件安装结构具有与根据第一和第二优选实施例的电子部件安装结构相同的结构。
根据这样描述的安装方法和安装装置,可以获得其中不会引起任何位移并且恒定地保持半导体元件30和配线衬底32之间的间隙的安装结构。因此,可以以精细间距安装电子部件并且防止倾斜。结果,与传统的安装方法和安装装置相比可以进一步地改善可靠性。
第四优选实施例
图10A至11B是用于描述根据本发明第四优选实施例安装电子部件的方法和装置的剖面图。根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装装置与第一优选实施例描述的电子部件安装装置的不同之处在于以下几点。
首先,将加热机制不是设置在组件加载工具72的保持部分74中而是设置在衬底固定台70的内部。
其次,用于将树脂合成物64涂敷到配线衬底62的表面上的涂敷机制(未示出)。
不会再次描述与根据第一优选实施例的电子部件安装装置相同的其余构造。
在本优选实施例中,使用这样构造的电子部件安装装置,以便借助于包括焊粉、在焊粉的熔化温度下具有流动性的对流添加剂(convective additive)和树脂来安装作为电子部件的半导体元件60和配线衬底62。
以下描述根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装方法和电子部件安装装置的构造。如图10A所示,在安装之前的半导体元件60的电极端子60A和配线衬底62的连接端子62A的表面没有配置有任何焊料。另外,将电极端子60A和连接端子62A形成为实质相同的形状,并且例如将其中自组装和生长焊料的区域形成为圆形形状。当在圆形部分中选择性地自组装和生长焊料时,在配线衬底62的连接端子62A上生长的焊料和在半导体元件60的连接端子60A上生长的焊料因此完好地彼此结合,实现了连接。使用其中相对于焊料具有较高润湿性的金属材料作为至少用于电极端子60A和连接端子62A的表面的材料。
具有相对于焊料的这种良好润湿性的金属材料的示例包括金(Au)、银(Ag)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、钯(pd)、铑(Rh)、铂(Pt)和铱(Ir)以及组成焊料的锡(Sn)、铟(In)等。
为了防止在除了连接区域之外的区域中焊料的自组装,除了电极端子60A和连接端子62A的表面之外的任意部分均希望配置有由诸如氧化物膜、氮化物膜或氮氧化物膜构成的表面保护膜、或者由诸如聚酰亚胺之类的树脂构成的表面保护膜。
以下参考图10A至11B详细描述根据本优选实施例的电子部件安装方法。
首先如图10A所示,通过衬底固定台70固定配线衬底62,然后通过未示出的涂敷机制将预定量的树脂合成物64涂敷到配线衬底62上的安装位置。更具体地,所述预定量至少是这样的量,使得稳妥地填充当半导体元件60与配线衬底62毗邻时在半导体元件60和配线衬底62之间形成的间隙。那么优选地,所使用的树脂合成物64具有糊状形式以及相对较大的粘性。树脂合成物64包括焊粉68、在焊粉68的熔化温度下具有流动性的对流添加剂(未示出)和树脂66作为其主要成分。使用至少在焊粉68的熔化温度下沸腾或分解的材料作为对流添加剂以便产生气体。当将诸如异丙醇(isopropyl alcohol)、醋酸丁酯(butylacetate)、乙二醇(ethyleneglycol)或丁基卡必醇(butylcarbitol)之类的液体与树脂66混合时可以获得所述材料。可以使用诸如锡(Sn)-银(Ag)-铜(Cu)之类的用于焊接的任意金属作为焊粉68。
通过组件加载工具72在未示出的位置拾取半导体元件60,并且将半导体元件移动至衬底固定台70。在将半导体元件60移动至衬底固定台70之后,将半导体元件60的电极端子60A和配线衬底62的连接端子62A位置对齐。
接下来如图10B所示,在维持位置对齐状态的同时沿配线衬底62的方向移动组件加载工具72,使得半导体元件60与配线衬底62上的合成树脂64毗邻(S15)。当半导体元件60与合成树脂64毗邻时,树脂合成物64均匀地散布在半导体元件60和配线衬底62之间,并且保持预定厚度。其后,组件加载工具74保持半导体元件60和配线衬底62之间一定的间隔以及平行度。
接下来,操作设置在衬底固定台70内部的加热机制(未示出),使得加热配线衬底62。然后,所施加的热熔化树脂合成物64中的焊料68,并且减小了树脂66的粘性、增加了流动性。同时,使对流添加剂(未示出)沸腾或分解,从而释放出气体。包括所释放气体的树脂合成物64然后填充由半导体元件60和配线衬底62限定的空间。因此,将气体从半导体元件60和配线衬底62的外围区域中的间隔释放到外部空间中。
因此,使所产生的气体在树脂合成物64中对流,到达外围部分,并且将所述气体释放到外部空间中。使焊粉68受到由对流的气体产生的能量,并且在树脂合成物64中剧烈地来回运动。当上下运动的焊粉68接触其表面相对于焊料具有良好润湿性的电极端子60A和连接端子62A时,将焊粉68捕获到这些端子的表面上并且熔化,然后生长。
当这样生长焊料并且不再从对流添加剂中释放气体时,通过焊料76将电极端子60A和连接端子62A相连。该状态如图11A所示。
如图11A所示,在通过焊料76将电极端子60A和连接端子62A相连之后,解除固定机制18,使得操作XYθ驱动机制。当驱动XYθ驱动机制时,因为焊料76仍然处于熔化状态产生了自对齐效应。半导体元件60在自对齐力的影响下精细地运动。结果,可以解决位移的问题。
接下来,当通过加热机制升高加热温度时,对组成树脂合成物64的树脂66进行硬化。在完成硬化之后,暂停加热过程使得固化焊料76。在将焊料76完全固化之后,解除组件加载工具72的夹持。
当随后从衬底配线台70上去除配线衬底62时,获得了如图11B所示的电子部件安装结构。
根据这样构造的安装方法和安装装置,可以按照可靠的方式以及具有良好再现性地执行其中使用树脂合成物64的焊接工艺。不要求形成任何焊料突起等的焊接方法其特征在于:可以简化工艺,并且可以实现具有精细间距的安装工艺。
根据本发明的电子部件安装装置可以包括:用于固定电子部件的组件固定台,使得其上形成电子部件的电极端子的表面和与其相对的表面彼此接触;衬底加载工具,用于夹持配线衬底,并且将所述配线衬底在其上形成电子部件的电极端子的表面上移动,使得配线衬底与电子部件毗邻;加热机制,用于加热设置在组件固定台上的电子部件;XYθ驱动机制,能够在固定配线衬底的情况下沿XYθ方向将配线衬底在其上形成电子部件的电极端子的表面上移动;以及固定机制,用于固定XYθ驱动机制的驱动。
当使用这样构造的电子部件安装装置来执行电子部件安装方法时,可以获得与迄今为止所述优选实施例类似的效果。
根据本发明的电子部件安装装置可以包括:组件固定台,用于固定电子部件,使得其上形成电子部件的电极端子的表面和与其相对的表面彼此接触;涂敷机制,用于将包括焊粉、在焊粉的熔化温度下具有流动性的对流添加剂和树脂的树脂合成物涂敷到其上形成电子部件的电极端子的表面上;衬底加载工具,用于夹持衬底并且移动衬底,并且在使得电极端子和连接端子彼此面对之后,使得树脂合成物的表面和其上形成配线衬底的连接端子的表面彼此毗邻;以及加热机制,用于至少加热配线衬底和电子部件之一。
在前述构造中,衬底加载工具还可以包括XYθ驱动机制,能够夹持配线衬底,并且可以沿XYθ方向相对于其上形成电子部件的电极端子的表面精细地移动所述衬底。可以将XYθ驱动机制设定为操作于这样的状态下,其中在通过焊料连接电极端子和连接端子之后焊料被熔化。另外,将用于进一步将已加热焊料加热到比前一个加热温度更高温度的功能设置在加热机制中。
当使用这样构造的电子部件安装装置执行电子部件安装方法时,可以获得与所述优选实施例类似的效果。
工业应用性
根据本发明的电子部件安装方法和电子部件安装装置可以有效地施加当熔化焊料时产生的自对齐效应,并且可以执行具有较高精确度的各种电子部件的焊接工艺。
另外,其中当使用树脂合成物时可以实现的良好生产率和可靠焊接工艺的方法和装置对于制造电子电路衬底是有用的。
Claims (12)
1.一种经由焊接将包括电极端子的电子部件安装到包括连接端子的配线衬底上的方法,包括:
第一步骤,用于固定配线衬底和电子部件之一;
第二步骤,用于将包括焊粉、在焊粉的熔化温度下沸腾或分解以产生气体的对流添加剂和树脂的树脂合成物涂敷到配线衬底和电子部件中被固定的那一个中形成有连接端子的区域或者形成有电极端子的表面上;
第三步骤,用于在夹持配线衬底和电子部件中没有固定的那一个的状态下,使电子部件的电极端子与配线衬底的连接端子彼此毗邻,并且在电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子之间插入树脂合成物;以及
第四步骤,用于通过在保持电极端子和连接端子彼此毗邻状态的同时,加热涂敷有树脂合成物的配线衬底和电子部件中的至少一个,来使用焊粉将电极端子和连接端子彼此粘附,其中
在第四步骤中,熔化焊粉,并且按照以下方式生长已熔化的焊粉:借助于对流添加剂在电极端子和连接端子之间自组装所述焊粉,使得将电子端子和连接端子彼此焊接连接,其中
对流添加剂包括在焊粉的熔化温度下沸腾或分解以产生气体的材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的安装电子部件的方法,其中
在第一步骤中通过衬底固定台固定配线衬底;
在第二步骤中将树脂合成物涂敷到形成有配线衬底的连接端子的区域;
在第三步骤中,通过组件加载工具夹持电子部件,在夹持电子部件的状态下,连接端子和电极端子彼此面对,从而形成有电子部件的电极端子的表面与树脂合成物彼此毗邻。
3.根据权利要求2所述的安装电子部件的方法,其中
在第四步骤中,在通过熔化的焊粉将电极端子和连接端子相连之后,在通过加载工具夹持电子部件的状态下,加载工具相对于配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向是能够精细地移动的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的安装电子部件的方法,其中
在第四步骤中,组件加载工具能够通过熔化焊粉的自对齐产生的驱动力精细地移动。
5.根据权利要求2所述的安装电子部件的方法,在第四步骤之后还包括步骤:
第五步骤,用于通过进一步加热来硬化树脂合成物中的树脂;以及
第六步骤,用于在硬化树脂之后解除通过组件加载工具对电子部件的夹持。
6.根据权利要求1所述的安装电子部件的方法,其中
电子部件是半导体元件;以及
在半导体元件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子的表面上事先形成相对于焊粉具有润湿性的金属材料。
7.一种经由焊料将包括电极端子的电子部件安装到包括连接端子的配线衬底上的电子部件安装装置,包括:
固定台,用于固定电子部件和配线衬底之一;
涂敷机制,用于将包括焊粉、在焊粉的熔化温度下沸腾或分解以产生气体的对流添加剂和树脂的树脂合成物涂敷到配线衬底和电子部件中被固定台固定的那一个中形成有连接端子的区域或形成有电极端子的表面上;
加载工具,用于在对配线衬底和电子部件中没有固定的那一个进行夹持的状态下,使电子部件的电极端子与配线衬底的连接端子彼此毗邻,并且在电子部件的电极端子和配线衬底的连接端子之间插入树脂合成物;以及
加热机制,用于在电极端子和连接端子彼此毗邻的状态下加热涂敷有树脂合成物的电子部件和配线衬底的至少之一,其中
对流添加剂包括在焊粉的熔化温度下沸腾或分解以产生气体的材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电子部件安装装置,其中
固定台固定配线衬底;
涂敷机制将树脂合成物涂敷到形成有配线衬底的连接端子的区域;以及
加载工具夹持电子部件,并且将所夹持的电子部件移动至配线衬底的连接端子,并且使电子部件的电极端子与配线衬底的连接端子彼此毗邻。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电子部件安装装置,其中
加载工具夹持电子部件,并且还包括XYθ驱动机制,用于夹持电子部件,并且相对于配线衬底的表面沿XYθ方向精细地移动所夹持的电子部件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电子部件安装装置,其中
在通过焊料将电极端子和连接端子彼此相连之后,在熔化焊料状态下操作XYθ驱动机制。
11.根据权利要求7所述的电子部件安装装置,其中
加热机制还包括将已加热的焊料进一步加热到比前一个加热温度更高的温度的功能。
12.根据权利要求7所述的电子部件安装装置,其中
XYθ驱动机制还包括隔热机制,用于控制从加热机制向电子部件或配线衬底传输的热。
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US9847313B2 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-12-19 | Kulicke And Soffa Industries, Inc. | Thermocompression bonders, methods of operating thermocompression bonders, and horizontal scrub motions in thermocompression bonding |
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