CN101731090A - Cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons - Google Patents
Cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN101731090A CN101731090A CN200910273084A CN200910273084A CN101731090A CN 101731090 A CN101731090 A CN 101731090A CN 200910273084 A CN200910273084 A CN 200910273084A CN 200910273084 A CN200910273084 A CN 200910273084A CN 101731090 A CN101731090 A CN 101731090A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons, which comprises the steps of A) taking source cuttings; B) preparing a cutting garden; C) taking tendrils; D) cutting; E) covering a film; and F) managing after cutting. The cutting propagation method of the seedless watermelons has the advantages of simple operation and easy operation, and can accelerate the propagation speed, improve the survival rate, shorten the growth cycle, reduce the production cost of the seedless watermelons, avoid the problems of low germination rate, low seedling rate and the like and expand the application field of the cutting propagation method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant asexual multiplication technology field, more specifically relate to a kind of aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils cuttage breeding method, be applicable to different melon crops (if any seed watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber and balsam pear etc.) cottage propagation.
Background technology
Cuttage is that people insert the base portion of the one section plants shoots (being one section root, bud or other nutrition organs sometimes) that cuts off in the matrix (inserting earth), makes base portion produce adventive root, and indefinite bud is sent on top, forms the individuality of an independent growth.Before three, 4,000 years, our ancestors have just explored cuttage technique.Improvement along with technology is widely used in agricultural production, becomes vegetative important means.
Aspermous watermelon sugar content height, consumption is good, the commodity value height, yield potential is big.Aspermous watermelon is the triploid hydrid kind, it is to be done maternally by tetraploid watermelon, and diploid watermelon is hybridized as male parent and the half-blood that produces, has tangible hybrid vigour, it is vigorous to show as growth, the blade plumpness, branches and tendrils are thick, and trophosome surpasses dliploid and tetraploid, but its production of hybrid seeds subprogram complexity, need are sufficient at the hot drying of weather, sunshine, and the place that day and night temperature is big produces, and seed production is few; Because of seed is bigger, plant skin depth and hard again, tight-lipped, the embryo depauperation causes germination rate low; After coming up, cotyledon is less, and it is asymmetric to grow, and a little less than the growing power, planting percent is low; More than three factors cause aspermous watermelon breeding cost very high.For overcome breeding difficulty in the aspermous watermelon sexual reproduction process, germination rate is low, planting percent is low, the high difficulty of cost, the present invention selects for use the maternal plant of good aspermous watermelon to carry out asexual cottage propagation, can reduce aspermous watermelon production cost, shortening cycle, accelerate reproduction speed, provide new approach for promoting from now on and developing good aspermous watermelon kind.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons, with low cost, reproduction speed is fast, and the survival rate height is easy and simple to handle, easy to implement the method, has avoided the difficult problem that germination rate is low, planting percent is low in the aspermous watermelon sexual reproduction process.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts and comprises that transplanting a cutting source, cuttage garden prepares, adopts and technical measures such as manage after climing, cuttage, epiphragma and the cuttage:
A kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons the steps include:
(1) cutting source:
Pluck the aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils of open country, protection ground or other ealy maturing culture, be cut into cutting and get final product.
(2) prepare in the cuttage garden:
The whole furrow of trench digging are evenly puddled three kinds of matrix such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and sand according to the volume ratio of table 1, and all through 80～90 ℃ of high-temperature steam sterilizations.Every cube of matrix adds the 1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, fully puddles evenly, preserves moisture to cover stewing system.Be ready to bamboo chip, plastic sheeting for farm use, straw screen or mat of frame canopy etc. simultaneously.The cuttage furrow are located in the little shed, so that play insulation (25～30 ℃), preserve moisture (60～70%), windproof and effect such as shade.Wide 1.2～the 1.5m of furrow, long 8～12m, dark 0.20～0.25m.
The preparation of described furrow flour nutrition soil is:
Table 1 furrow flour nutrition soil dosage range
(3) adopt climing:
To adopt climing cutter or scissors earlier with 75% (concentration ratio) alcohol disinfecting, then from the aspermous watermelon maternal plant adopt climing after, put into the container that is filled with water, in case dehydration is wilted.Adopt and to select the climing segment of base portion when climing as far as possible, and keep the suitable number of blade.
(4) cuttage:
Earlier matrix is watered before the cuttage and permeablely be cut into every segment that has 2～3 leaves with the watermelon of gathering is climing again, and a slice leaf of every segment base portion is cut together with petiole, lower cut is whittled into the shape of a hoof, can carry out cuttage.(also should cut if any bract, tendril, bud etc., but will keep stipes, in order to producing adventive root.) melon is climing during cuttage is 45 degree inclination angles with the furrow face, the degree of depth is about 3.0cm.
(5) epiphragma:
Earlier ties the arch form skeleton before the epiphragma, treat every furrow cuttage covered with plastic film immediately that finishes, with insulation (25～30 ℃), preserve moisture (60～70%) and windproof with small bamboo.
(6) manage after the cuttage:
Shade: will on plastic canopy, add a cover straw screen or mat in slotting back 3 days and shade, prevent the sunlight direct projection.The 4th～6 day, only shaded in front and back at noon, then do not need later on to shade in 7 days again; Temperature treatment: can take off the length of the time of lid by plastic film and straw screen or mat and regulate temperature, show native 2 centimeters ground temperature down behind the layer of vine in the furrow and preferably remain on 28～32 ℃ of daytimes, 20～22 ℃ of nights are in order to taking root; Moisture management: behind the layer of vine 1～3 day, relative moisture should remain on to reduce to 90～95%, 7～10 days in 95～99%, 4～6 days and reduce to 85～90%, 10 days and reduce to 80～85% more later in the furrow, until transplant planting; Spray leaf fertilizer: in 3 days, respectively spray one time 0.3% (concentration ratio) urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every morning and afternoon behind the layer of vine, carry out foliar application, to supply with required moisture and the mineral matter of blade face photosynthesis; Water taking root liquid: in 1～7 day,, dilute 100 times once behind the layer of vine, be as the criterion to irrigate in the spray of layer of vine base portion with " 3721 taking root liquid " (Zhengzhou mark allusion quotation chemical industry Co., Ltd provides) every 1～2 day; Hardening and transplant planting: behind the layer of vine 15～20 days, many adventive root just can take place in the base portion of transplanting a cutting, and at this moment can carry out the transplant planting in hardening and land for growing field crops, and control measures are identical with common cultivation.
Advantage of the present invention and effect
The present invention utilizes the climing segment cottage propagation of aspermous watermelon stem, has avoided the difficult problem that germination rate is low, planting percent is low in the aspermous watermelon sexual propagation, has reduced the production cost of aspermous watermelon.The present invention also can be a kind of specific process of preserving aspermous watermelon germ plasm resource simultaneously for aspermous watermelon provides a kind of small investment, simple to operate, cuttage breeding method that reproduction rate is high, is used for the preservation of some precious rare quality germ plasm resource.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is described further with the aspermous watermelon cottage propagation:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons the present invention includes and transplants a cutting source, cuttage garden and prepare, adopt and operating procedure such as manage after climing, cuttage, epiphragma and the cuttage.
A kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons the steps include:
(1) cutting source:
Pluck the aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils of plastic tunnel protection ground cultivation, be cut into cutting.
(2) prepare in the cuttage garden:
The whole furrow of trench digging, with three kinds of matrix such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and sand, according to evenly puddling (seeing Table 1) after four kinds of different volumes proportionings, numbering is respectively A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4, all through mixing behind 80 ℃ or 81 ℃ or 82 ℃ or 83 ℃ or 84 ℃ or the 85 ℃ of high-temperature steam sterilizations.Every cube of matrix adds the 1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, fully puddles evenly, preserves moisture to cover stewing system.The cuttage furrow are located in the little shed, so that insulation, preserve moisture and windproof shade etc.Wide by 1.2, the long 8m of furrow, dark 0.25m.
The preparation of described furrow flour nutrition soil sees Table 1:
Four kinds of different manner of formulation units of table 1 furrow flour nutrition soil: (%)
(3) adopt climing:
To adopt climing cutter or scissors earlier with 75% (concentration ratio) alcohol disinfecting, and adopt from maternal plant then and climingly put into the container that is filled with water, in case dehydration is wilted.Adopt and to select the climing segment of base portion when climing as far as possible, and keep the suitable number of blade.
(4) cuttage:
Earlier matrix is watered before the cuttage and permeablely be cut into every segment that has 2～3 leaves with the watermelon of gathering is climing again, and a slice leaf of every segment base portion is cut together with petiole, lower cut is whittled into the shape of a hoof, can carry out cuttage.(also should cut if any bract, tendril, bud etc., but will keep stipes, in order to producing adventive root.) melon is climing during cuttage is 45 ° of inclination angles with the furrow face, the degree of depth is about 3.0cm.
(5) epiphragma:
Arch form skeleton when tying the plastic covering film with small bamboo earlier before the epiphragma, method is with to build little shed seedling cultivation bed identical.Every furrow cuttage covered with plastic film immediately that finishes is with insulation (25 ℃ or 26 ℃ or 27 ℃ or 28 ℃), preserve moisture (60% or 63% or 65% or 67% or 69%) and windproof.
(6) manage after the cuttage:
Shade: will on plastic canopy, add a cover straw screen or mat in slotting back 3 days and shade, prevent the sunlight direct projection.The 4th～6 day, only shaded in front and back at noon, then do not need later on to shade in 7 days again; Temperature treatment: can take off the length of the time of lid by plastic film and straw screen or mat and regulate temperature, behind the layer of vine in the furrow table soil down 2cm place ground temperature be preferably in 28 ℃ of daytimes or 29 ℃ or 30 ℃ or 31 ℃ or 32 ℃, 20 ℃ or 21 ℃ or 22 ℃ of nights are in order to taking root; Moisture management: behind the layer of vine 1～3 day, relative moisture should be 95% or 96% or 97% or 98% or 99% or 100% in the furrow, reduced to 90% or 91% or 92% or 93% or 94% or 95% in 4～6 days, reduced to 85% or 86% or 87% or 88% or 89% or 90% in 7～10 days, reduced to 80% or 81% or 82% or 83% or 84% or 85% later on again in 10 days, until transplant planting; Spray leaf fertilizer: in 3 days, respectively spray one time 0.3% (concentration ratio) urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every morning and afternoon behind the layer of vine, carry out foliar application, to supply with required moisture and the mineral matter of blade face photosynthesis; Water taking root liquid: in 1～7 day,, dilute 100 times once behind the layer of vine, be as the criterion to irrigate in the spray of layer of vine base portion with " 3721 taking root liquid " (purchasing Zhengzhou mark allusion quotation chemical industry Co., Ltd) every 1～2 day; Hardening and transplant planting: behind the layer of vine 15～20 days, many adventive root just can take place in the base portion of transplanting a cutting, and at this moment can carry out the transplant planting in hardening and land for growing field crops, and control measures are identical with common cultivation.
Four kinds of different manner of formulation of table 2 furrow flour nutrition soil are to the influence of aspermous watermelon cottage propagation survival rate
Result of the test shows: the cuttage average survival of four kinds of different manner of formulation of furrow flour nutrition soil is 70.6%; Average reproduction coefficient is 23.3; A wherein
3The survival rate of (i.e. 67% peat composed of rotten mosses+16% perlite+17% sand) is the highest.
Claims (6)
1. a cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons the steps include:
A, cutting are originated: pluck open country or precocious aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils of cultivating with protecting, be cut into cutting;
Prepare in B, cuttage garden: the whole furrow of trench digging, with the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite and husky three kinds of matrix all through 80～90 ℃ of steam sterilizations, every cube of matrix adds the 1kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, puddle evenly, preserving moisture covers stewing system, is ready to bamboo chip, plastic sheeting for farm use, the straw screen or mat of frame canopy simultaneously, and the cuttage furrow are located in the little shed, be incubated, preserve moisture, windproof and shade the wide 1.2～1.5m of furrow, long 8～12m, dark 0.20～0.25m;
C, adopt climing: will adopt climing cutter or scissors earlier with 75% concentration ratio alcohol disinfecting, from the aspermous watermelon maternal plant adopt climing after, put into the container that is filled with water, adopt and select the climing segment of base portion when climing, keep the number of blade;
D, cuttage: earlier matrix is watered before the cuttage permeablely, be cut into every segment that has 2～3 leaves with the watermelon of gathering is climing again, and a slice leaf of every segment base portion is cut together with petiole, lower cut is whittled into the shape of a hoof, carry out cuttage, melon is climing during cuttage is 45 degree inclination angles with the furrow face, and the degree of depth is 3.0cm;
E, epiphragma: arch form skeleton when tying the plastic covering film with bamboo pole earlier before the epiphragma, covered with plastic film after every furrow cuttage finishes plays insulation, preserves moisture and windbreak function;
Manage after F, the cuttage:
Shade: insert and to add a cover straw screen or mat on the inherent plastic canopy in back 3 days and shade, the 4th～6 day, only shade before and after at noon, do not need later on to shade again in 7 days; Temperature treatment: can take off the length of the time of lid by plastic film and straw screen or mat and regulate temperature, show native 2cm place ground temperature down behind the layer of vine in the furrow and remain on 28～32 ℃ of daytimes, 20～22 ℃ of nights; Moisture management: behind the layer of vine 1～3 day, relative moisture was reduced to 90～95%, 7～10 days in 4～6 days and is reduced to 85～90%, 10 days and reduce to 80～85% more later on, until transplant planting 95～99% in the furrow; Spray leaf fertilizer: in 3 days, respectively spray one time 0.3% concentration ratio urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every morning and afternoon behind the layer of vine, carry out foliar application; Water taking root liquid: in 1～7 day,, dilute 100 times once behind the layer of vine in the spray of layer of vine base portion with " 3721 taking root liquid " every 1～2 day; Hardening and transplant planting: behind the layer of vine 15～20 days, transplant a cutting base portion generation adventive root, carry out the transplant planting in hardening and land for growing field crops.
2. a kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The preparation of described furrow flour nutrition soil:
3. a kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the preparation of described furrow flour nutrition soil:
4. a kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the preparation of described furrow flour nutrition soil:
5. a kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the preparation of described furrow flour nutrition soil:
6. a kind of cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the preparation of described furrow flour nutrition soil:
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| CN200910273084A CN101731090A (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2009-12-04 | Cutting propagation method of seedless watermelons |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103380698A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-06 | 南京市农林园艺技术推广站 | Greenhouse medium seedling method of seedless watermelon |
| CN106386441A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-02-15 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for improving survival rate of potted tea tree |
| CN107439184A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-08 | 广东日可威食品原料有限公司 | A kind of water casting skin wax gourd implantation methods of selenium-rich three |
| CN109548590A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-02 | 合肥市合丰种业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings improving watermelon planting percent |
-
2009
- 2009-12-04 CN CN200910273084A patent/CN101731090A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103380698A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-06 | 南京市农林园艺技术推广站 | Greenhouse medium seedling method of seedless watermelon |
| CN106386441A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-02-15 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for improving survival rate of potted tea tree |
| CN107439184A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-08 | 广东日可威食品原料有限公司 | A kind of water casting skin wax gourd implantation methods of selenium-rich three |
| CN109548590A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-02 | 合肥市合丰种业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings improving watermelon planting percent |
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Open date: 20100616 |