CN101712694B - 钌金属络合物及用此络合物制作的光电组件 - Google Patents

钌金属络合物及用此络合物制作的光电组件 Download PDF

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CN101712694B
CN101712694B CN2008101619901A CN200810161990A CN101712694B CN 101712694 B CN101712694 B CN 101712694B CN 2008101619901 A CN2008101619901 A CN 2008101619901A CN 200810161990 A CN200810161990 A CN 200810161990A CN 101712694 B CN101712694 B CN 101712694B
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metal complex
ruthenium metal
solar battery
ruthenium
dye
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CN101712694A (zh
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陈庆霖
尹大中
周德纲
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Ethical International Trading & Warehousing (shanghai) Co Ltd
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Priority to GB0916828.7A priority patent/GB2463980B/en
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Priority to JP2009230128A priority patent/JP5351693B2/ja
Priority to CH01529/09A priority patent/CH699662B1/it
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Abstract

本发明是关于一种钌金属络合物及用此络合物制作的光电组件，而钌金属络合物的结构如下式(I)：RuL2(NCS)2Am (I)其中，L、A、及m的定义如说明书中所述。本发明的钌金属络合物，可适用于染料敏化太阳能电池，并可同时增加染料敏化太阳能电池的光电效率。

Description

钌金属络合物及用此络合物制作的光电组件
技术领域
本发明是关于一种钌金属络合物及用此络合物制作的光电组件，特别是一种适用于染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell，DSSC)的钌金属络合物及染料敏化太阳能电池。
背景技术
随着人类文明发展，全球面临严重的能源危机及环境污染等问题，以光电太阳能电池将太阳能直椄转变成电能，是解决全世界能源危机及降低环境污染的重要方法之一；其中染料敏化太阳能电池以其制造成本低、可制成大面积、可挠性、透光性可用于建筑物上等优异特性，而成为一种有前景的新型太阳能电池。
近年，等人发表一系列染料敏化太阳能电池相关文献(例如O’Regan，B.；
Figure 2008101619901100002G2008101619901D0001161430QIETU
，M.Nature1991，353,737)，显示染料敏化太阳能电池具有实用性。一般而言，染料敏化太阳能电池的结构包括有阴/阳电极、纳米二氧化钛、染料及电解质；染料敏化太阳能电池中的染料对电池效率有关键性的影响，理想的染料要具有可以吸收较大范围的太阳光谱、高摩尔吸收系数(absorption coefficient)、高温安定性及光安定性等。
Figure 2008101619901100002G2008101619901D0001161430QIETU
实验室发表了一系列的钌络合物作为染料敏化太阳能电池中的染料。1993年Gr
Figure G2008101619901D0001081420QIETU
tzel实验室发表使用N3染料所制备的染料敏化太阳能电池，其效率达10.0％(AM1.5)。N3染料的单波光光电流转换效率(IPCE)值在400nm～600nm范围可达80％，而其后所开发的数百种染料络合物，其效能测试皆无法超越N3染料。N3染料的结构如下式(a)所示。
Figure G2008101619901D00021
直至2003年
Figure 2008101619901100002G2008101619901D0001161430QIETU
实验室发表使用N719染料所制备的染料敏化太阳能电池，其效率提升到10.85％(AM1.5)。N719染料的结构如下式(b)所示。
Figure G2008101619901D00022
而后2004年同实验室发表使用黑染料(Black dye)所制备的染料敏化太阳能电池，其效率则达到11.04％(AM1.5)。黑染料可强化红光区和红外光区的光谱应答，从而提升染料敏化太阳能电池的效能。黑染料的结构如下式(c)所示。
Figure G2008101619901D00023
除了
Figure G2008101619901D00031
实验室发表的N3染料、N719染料与黑染料等相关系列的钌络合物之外，其它类似的有铂络合物、锇络合物、铁络合物、铜络合物...等等。但是经过许多研究显示钌络合物的效率仍为较佳。
由于染料敏化太阳能电池中的染料对电池效率有关键性的影响。因此，寻找可以提高染料敏化太阳能电池效率的染料分子，是改善染料敏化太阳能电池效率的重要方法之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新颖钌金属络合物，其适用于染料敏化太阳能电池，可以增加染料敏化太阳能电池的光电效率。
本发明的另一目在于提供一种染料敏化太阳能电池，其有较高的光电效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的钌金属络合物，其结构如下式(I)：
RuL2(NCS)2Am      (I)
其中
L为2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸(2，2’-bipyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylic acid)、2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二磺酸(2，2’-bipyridyl-4，4’-disulfonic acid)或2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二磷酸(2，2’-bipyridyl-4，4’-diphosphonic acid)；
A为N+R1R2R3R4、
Figure G2008101619901D00032
Figure G2008101619901D00033
其中，R1为C5-20烷基(alkyl)、苯基(phenyl)或苯甲基(benzyl)，R2、R3、及R4各自独立分别为C1-20烷基、苯基或苯甲基，R5、R6、及R7各自独立分别为C1-20烷基；
m为1至4的整数。
于上述式(I)中，L可为2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸、2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二磺酸或2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二磷酸。较佳的，L为2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸。
于上述式(I)中，A可为N+R1R2R3R4、
Figure G2008101619901D00041
Figure G2008101619901D00042
其中R1为C5-20烷基、苯基或苯甲基，R2、R3、及R4各自独立分别为C1-20烷基、苯基或苯甲基，R5、R6、及R7各自独立分别为C1-20烷基；较佳的，A为N+R1R2R3R4，其中R1为C5-20烷基、苯基或苯甲基，R2、R3、及R4各自独立分别为C1-20烷基、苯基或苯甲基；更佳的，A为N+R1R2R3R4，其中R1为C5-20烷基、苯基或苯甲基，R2、R3、及R4各自独立分别为C1-6烷基、苯基或苯甲基；最佳的，A为N+R1R2R3R4，其中R1为C5-20烷基、苯基或苯甲基，R2、R3、及R4各自独立分别为C1-6烷基。
于上述式(I)中，m可为1至4的整数；较佳的，m为2或3的整数。
上述式(I)的钌金属络合物具体实例有：
Figure G2008101619901D00043
Figure G2008101619901D00044
Figure G2008101619901D00051
Figure G2008101619901D00052
Figure G2008101619901D00053
Figure G2008101619901D00061
Figure G2008101619901D00071
本发明提供的染料敏化太阳能电池，其含有上述的钌金属络合物。
此外，本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池，包括：一含有上述钌金属络合物的光电阳极(photoanode)；一阴极(cathode)；以及位于光电阳极及阴极之间的电解质层(electrolyte layer)。
于本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池中，光电阳极包括有：透明基板、透明导电膜、多孔性半导体膜、以及钌金属络合物染料。
于本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池中，光电阳极的透明基板的材质并无特别限制，只要是透明的基材均可使用。较佳地，透明基板的材质为对于由染料敏化太阳能电池外部侵入的水分或气体具有良好的遮断性、耐溶剂性、耐候性等的透明基材。透明基板的具体列举，包括有：石英、玻璃等透明无机基板；聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)、聚(萘二甲酸乙二酯)(PEN)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰亚胺(PI)等透明塑料基板，但是，并非限定于这些。此外，透明基板的厚度并无特别限制，可依照透光率、染料敏化太阳能电池特性要求而自由选择。较佳的，透明基板的材质为玻璃。
此外，于本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池中，透明导电膜的材料可为氧化铟锡(ITO)、氟掺杂的氧化锡(FTO)、氧化锌-三氧化二镓(ZnO-Ga2O3)、氧化锌-三氧化二铝(ZnO-Al2O3)、或以钖为基础的氧化物材料。
再者，于本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池中，多孔性半导体膜是用半导体微粒所制成。适当的半导体微粒可包括：硅、二氧化钛、二氧化锡、氧化锌、三氧化钨、五氧化二铌、三氧化钛锶、及其组合；较佳的，半导体微粒是二氧化钛。半导体微粒的平均粒径为5至500纳米，较佳的为10至50纳米。多孔性半导体膜的厚度为5～25微米。
于本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池中，钌金属络合物染料如上所述的钌金属络合物。
此外，作为染料敏化太阳能电池的阴极材料并无特别限制，可包括任何具有传导性的材料。或者，阴极材料也可以是一絶缘材料，只要有传导层形成于朝向光电阳极的表面上。电化学穏定的物质就可作为阴极，且适用于阴极材料的非限制实例包括：铂、金、碳、及其相似物。
再者，作为染料敏化太阳能电池的电解质层并无特别限制，可包括任何具有电子及/或电洞传导性的基材。
具体实施方式
本发明的钌金属络合物可以下列方式合成。
顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bipyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)，N3 dye)依照Inorganic Chemistry，Vol.38，No.26，1999，6298-6305的方法合成。
将顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)溶于蒸馏水中，再滴入10％的氢氧苯甲基三丁基铵(benzyltributylammonium hydroxide)水溶液(用氯化苯甲基三丁基铵试剂(benzyltributylammonium chloridereagent，ACROS，98％)所配制)到反应液中，直到反应液的pH值穏定达到10，然后浓缩得到黏稠液。将此黏稠液溶于甲醇(methanol)中，然后加入乙醚(diethyl ether)沈淀出产物，取出此吸湿性固体产物后在真空下干燥一天。将此干燥后的固体溶于蒸馏水中，再用0.1M的硝酸(nitric acid)水溶液调整pH值到5以下，即可得到式(I-1)的钌金属络合物。
本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池的制造方法并无特别限制，可用一般已知的方法制造。
透明基板的材质并无特别限制，只要是透明的基材均可使用。较佳地，透明基板的材质为对于由染料敏化太阳能电池外部侵入的水分或气体具有良好的遮断性、耐溶剂性、耐候性等的透明基材，具体列举，有石英、玻璃等透明无机基板，聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)、聚(萘二甲酸乙二酯)(PEN)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰亚胺(PI)等透明塑料基板，但是，并非限定于这些。透明基板的厚度并无特别限制，可以由透光率、染料敏化太阳能电池特性要求而自由选择。在一具体实例中，透明基板是使用玻璃基板。
透明导电膜的材料可以选自氧化铟锡(ITO)、氟掺杂的氧化锡(FTO)、氧化锌-三氧化二镓(ZnO-Ga2O3)、氧化锌-三氧化二铝(ZnO-Al2O3)、以及钖为基础的氧化物材料。在一具体实例中，透明导电膜是使用氟掺杂的氧化锡。
多孔性半导体膜是用半导体微粒所制成。适当的半导体微粒包括有硅、二氧化钛、二氧化锡、氧化锌、三氧化钨、五氧化二铌、三氧化钛锶及其组合。首先，先将半导体微粒配制成糊状物，再将其涂布到透明导电基板上，涂布方法可用刮墨刀、网印、旋转涂布、喷洒等或一般湿式涂布。此外，为了得到适当的膜厚，可以涂布一次或多次。半导体膜层可以为单层或多层，多层是指各层使用不同粒径的半导体微粒。例如，可先涂布粒径为5至50纳米的半导体微粒，其涂布厚度为5至20微米，然后再涂布粒径为200至400纳米的半导体微粒，其涂布厚度为3至5微米。然后在50至100℃干燥后，再在400至500℃烧结30分钟可制得一多层半导体膜层。
钌金属络合物染料可以溶于适当的溶剂配制成染料溶液。适当的溶剂包括有乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或其混合物，但是，并非限定于这些。在此，将涂布有半导体膜的透明基板浸泡到染料溶液中，让其充分吸收染料溶液中的染料，并于染料吸收完成后取出干燥，可制得一染料敏化太阳能电池的光电阳极。
作为阴极的材料并无特别限制，可包括任何具有传导性的材料。或者，阴极材料也可以是一絶缘材料，只要有传导层形成于朝向光电阳极的表面上。此外，电化学穏定的物质就可作为阴极，且适用于阴极材料的非限制实例包括：铂、金、碳、及其相似物。
电解质层并无特别限制，可以包括任何具有电子及/或电洞传导性的基材。另外，液态电解质可以是含碘的乙腈溶液、含碘的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液、或含碘的3-甲氧基丙腈溶液。在一具体实例中，液态电解质为一含有碘的乙腈溶液。
本发明的染料敏化太阳能电池一具体制造方式如下。
首先，将包括具有粒径为20～30纳米(nm)的氧化钛微粒的糊状物，由一次或数次的网印涂布在覆盖有氟掺杂的氧化锡(FTO)玻璃板上，而后在450℃烧结30分钟。
将钌金属络合物溶于乙腈(acetonitrile)及三级-丁醇(t-butanol)的混合液(1:1 v/v)中，配成钌金属络合物染料溶液。接着，将上述含有多孔氧化钛膜的玻璃板浸泡在染料溶中，让其吸收染料溶液中的染料后，取出干燥即可得到一光电阳极(photoanode)。
将覆盖有氟掺杂的氧化锡玻璃板钻一直径为0.75毫米的注入口，以备注入电解质用。再将氯化铂酸(H2PtCl6)溶液涂布在覆盖有氟掺杂的氧化锡玻璃板上，然后加热到400℃处理15分钟即可得到一阴极(cathode)。
然后，将厚度60微米的热塑性聚合物膜配置在光电阳极和阴极之间，在120至140℃下施加压力于此二电极，以黏合此两电极。
将电解液(0.03M I2/0.3M LiI/0.5M三级丁基吡啶的乙腈溶液)注入，再用热塑性聚合物膜将注入口密封，即可得到本发明的染料敏化电池。
以下实例仅用以说明本发明，本发明的权利范围并不会因此而受限制。若无特别注明，则温度为摄氏温度，份数及百分比是以重量计。重量份数和体积份数的关系就如同公斤和公升的关系。
实施例1
合成顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)双(苯甲基三丁基铵)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bi pyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)bis(benzyl tributyl ammonium))(I-1)
将0.50份顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bipyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)，N3 dye)(依照Inorganic Chemistry，Vol.38，No.26，1999，6298-6305的方法合成)以及10份蒸馏水加入反应瓶中搅拌混合，再滴入10％的氢氧苯甲基三丁基铵(benzyltributylammonium hydroxide)水溶液(用氯化苯甲基三丁基铵试剂(benzyltributylammonium chloride reagent，ACROS，98％)所配制)到反应液中，直到反应液的pH值穏定达到10，然后用旋转蒸发仪(rotary-evaporator)蒸除溶剂得到黏稠液。接着，将此黏稠液溶于甲醇(methanol)中，然后加入乙醚(diethyl ether)产生沈淀物，取出此吸湿性固体产物后在真空下干燥一天。将此干燥后的固体溶于10份的蒸馏水中，再用0.1M的硝酸(nitric acid)水溶液调整pH值到5以下，用烧结玻璃过滤器(sintered glass filter)过滤收集产物，并用5份pH4.1的蒸馏水冲洗产物，得到式(I-1)的黑色固体产物0.52份，产率61.5％。
实施例2
合成顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)双(苯甲基三乙基铵)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bi pyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)bis(benzyl triethyl ammonium))(I-2)
同实施例1的相同步骤制备本实施例的化合物，除了使用氢氧苯甲基三乙基铵(benzyltriethylammonium hydroxide)水溶液(TCI Co.，Ltd.，)取代氢氧苯甲基三丁基铵水溶液。得到式(I-2)的黑色固体产物0.30份，产率41.1％。
实施例3
合成顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)双(三乙基己基铵)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bi pyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)bis(triethyl hexyl ammonium))(I-3)
将0.50份顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)以及10份蒸馏水加入反应瓶中搅拌混合，再滴入10％的氢氧三乙基己基铵(triethylhexylammonium hydroxide)水溶液(用溴化三乙基己基铵试剂(triethylhexylammonium bromide reagent，ALDRICH，99％)所配制)到反应液中，直到反应液的pH值穏定达到12，然后用旋转蒸发仪蒸除溶剂得到黏稠液。接着，将此黏稠液溶于甲醇中，然后加入乙醚产生沈淀物，取出此吸湿性固体产物后在真空下干燥一天。将此干燥后的固体溶于10份的蒸馏水中，再用0.1M的硝酸水溶液调整pH值到4以下，用烧结玻璃过滤器过滤收集产物，并用5份pH4.1的蒸馏水冲洗产物，得到式(I-3)的黑色固体产物0.44份，产率81.5％。
实施例4
合成顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)双(1-十二烷基吡啶)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bi pyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)bis(1-dodecyl pyridinium))(I-4)
同实施例3的相同步骤制备本实施例的化合物，除了使用氢氧1-十二烷基吡啶(1-dodecylpyridinium hydroxide)水溶液(用氯化1-十二烷基吡啶试剂(1-dodecylpyridinium chloride reagent，ALDRICH，98％)所配制)取代氢氧三乙基己基铵水溶液。得到式(I-4)的黑色固体产物0.20份，产率32.8％。
实施例5
合成顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)三(苯甲基三乙基铵)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bi pyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)tris(benzyl triethyl ammonium))(I-5)
将0.20份10％的氢氧苯甲基三乙基铵水溶液及100份甲醇加入反应瓶中搅拌混合，再加入0.10份顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)双(苯甲基三乙基铵)(I-2)到反应液中，搅拌混合反应2.5小时。然后用旋转蒸发仪蒸除溶剂得到析出的产物，用烧结玻璃过滤器过滤收集产物，并用10份的蒸馏水冲洗产物，得到式(I-5)的黑色固体产物0.08份，产率74.0％。
实施例6
合成顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)四(苯甲基三乙基铵)(cis-di(thiocyanato)-N，N’-bis(2，2’-bi pyridyl-4，4’-dicarboxylicacid)ruthenium(II)tetrakis(benzyl triethyl ammonium))(I-6)
将0.50份顺-二硫氰基-N，N’-双(2，2’-双吡啶-4，4’-二甲酸基)钌(II)以及50份蒸馏水加入反应瓶中搅拌混合，再滴入10％的氢氧苯甲基三乙基铵水溶液到反应液中，直到反应液的pH值穏定达到7，然后用旋转蒸发仪蒸除溶剂得到黏稠液。将此黏稠液溶于甲醇中，然后加入乙醚产生沈淀物，取出此吸湿性固体产物后在真空下干燥一天，得到式(I-6)的黑色固体产物0.43份，产率68.0％。。
实施例7
制造染料敏化太阳能电池
将包括具有粒径为20～30纳米(nm)的氧化钛微粒的糊状物，由一次或数次的网印涂布在覆盖有氟掺杂的氧化锡(FTO)玻璃板(厚度4mm，电阻10Ω/□)上，使得烧结后的多孔氧化钛膜的厚度为10至12微米(μm)，而后在450℃烧结30分钟。
将实施例1的钌金属络合物溶于乙腈(acetonitrile)及三级-丁醇(t-butanol)的混合液(1:1v/v)中，配成钌金属络合物浓度为0.5M的染料溶液，接着，将上述含有多孔氧化钛膜的玻璃板浸泡在染料溶中，让其吸收染料溶液中的染料16至24小时后，取出干燥即可得到一光电阳极(photoanode)。
将覆盖有氟掺杂的氧化锡玻璃板钻一直径为0.75毫米，以备注入电解质用，再将氯化铂酸(H2PtCl6)溶液(1毫升的乙醇中含有2毫克的铂)涂布在氧化锡玻璃板上，然后加热到400℃处理15分钟即可得到一阴极(cathode)。
将厚度60微米的热塑性聚合物膜配置在光电阳极和阴极之间，在120至140℃下施加压力于此二电极，以黏合该两电极。
将电解液(0.03M I2/0.3M LiI/0.5M三级丁基吡啶的乙腈溶液)注入，再用热塑性聚合物膜将注入口密封，可得本实施例的染料敏化太阳能电池。
实施例8
制造染料敏化太阳能电池
同实施例7的相同步骤制备本实施例的染料敏化太阳能电池，除了使用实施例2的钌金属络合物取代实施例1的钌金属络合物。
实施例9
制造染料敏化太阳能电池
同实施例7的相同步骤制备本实施例的染料敏化太阳能电池，除了使用实施例3的钌金属络合物取代实施例1的钌金属络合物。
实施例10
制造染料敏化太阳能电池
同实施例7的相同步骤制备本实施例的染料敏化太阳能电池，除了使用实施例4的钌金属络合物取代实施例1的钌金属络合物。
实施例11
制造染料敏化太阳能电池
同实施例7的相同步骤制备本实施例的染料敏化太阳能电池，除了使用实施例5的钌金属络合物取代实施例1的钌金属络合物。
实施例12
制造染料敏化太阳能电池
同实施例7的相同步骤制备本实施例的染料敏化太阳能电池，除了使用实施例6的钌金属络合物取代实施例1的钌金属络合物。
比较例
同实施例7的相同步骤制备染料敏化太阳能电池，除了使用N719取代实施例1的钌金属络合物。
测试方法与结果
光电效率测试
将实施例7至12及比较例的染料敏化太阳能电池在AM1.5的照明下，测试其短路电流(JSC)、开路电压(VOC)、填充因子(FF)、光电转换效率(η)及单波光光电流转换效率(Incident Photon to Current ConversionEfficiency，IPCE)。测试结果整理如下表1：
表1 染料敏化太阳能池的测试结果
 
染料 JSC(mA/cm2) VOC(V) FF η(％)
实施例7 I-1 8.22 0.78 0.64 4.09
实施例8 I-2 9.42 0.79 0.62 4.54
 
实施例9 I-3 8.46 0.80 0.64 4.33
实施例10 I-4 6.98 0.68 0.63 3.00
实施例11 I-5 7.84 0.81 0.65 4.12
实施例12 I-6 7.99 0.75 0.62 3.74
比较例 N719 7.36 0.76 0.61 3.38
由表1的测试结果显示，用本发明实施例的钌金属络合物所制作的染料敏化太阳能电池，与比较例用N719所制作的染料敏化太阳能电池相比，本发明的钌金属络合物可以提高染料敏化太阳能电池的短路电流、开路电压及填充因子，因而增加染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
应注意的是，上述诸多实施例仅是为了便于说明故举例阐述，然其并非用以限定本发明，本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神及范围内，当可作些许的更动与润饰，因此本发明所主张的权利范围自应以申请的权利要求范围所述为准，而非仅限于上述实施例。

Claims (4)

1.一种钌金属络合物，其结构如下式(I-1)、(I-2)、(I-5)、或(I-6)：
Figure FDA00001789497300011
Figure FDA00001789497300021
2.一种钌金属络合物，其结构如下式(I-2)，
Figure FDA00001789497300022
3.一种染料敏化太阳能电池，其包括：
(a)一光电阳极，其包括一如下式(I-1)、(I-2)、(I-5)、或(I-6)的钌金属络合物；
Figure FDA00001789497300023
Figure FDA00001789497300031
(b)一阴极；以及
(c)一电解质层，其在光电阳极与阴极间。
4.一种染料溶液，其包括：
(A)一如下式(I-1)、(I-2)、(I-5)、或(I-6)的钌金属络合物，其含量为0.01～1重量百分比：
Figure FDA00001789497300041
Figure FDA00001789497300051
以及
(B)一种有机溶剂，其含量为99.99～99重量百分比，且该有机溶剂选自由：乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、二甲基甲酰胺、及N-甲基吡咯烷酮所组成的群组。
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