CN101680190B - 纸和制造纸的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及由纤维基的源材料形成并且可用作印刷纸的纸。根据本发明,通过将足够的密度以下述方式布置在表面上对纸的表面进行表面处理,所述方式为:纸的至少一个表层的密度是足够的高,以产生高于7000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,如从整张纸所测量。此外,本发明涉及制造纸的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及在权利要求1的前序中定义的纸和在权利要求16的前序中定义的制造纸的方法,其中可用作印刷纸的纸由纤维基的源材料形成。
发明背景
从现有技术已知,不同的印刷纸用于印刷以及不同的方法用于制造纸。
在印刷领域中,已知纸的不同的印刷方法,例如胶印或凹版印刷技术。在已知的方法中,具体而言,在HSWO印刷中,在高温下,通常在120-150℃下干燥印刷油墨,这在印刷油墨的干燥期间提供在印刷和非印刷区之间的高湿气梯度。由此提供的高湿气梯度构成削弱HSWO印刷质量即波纹(waving)的重要因素。存在许多已知的旨在降低波纹的方法。
参考出版物WO 2004/003293,其公开了具有亲油表面的致密纸。在表面上的葛利-希尔(Gurley-Hill)渗透值高于5000s/100ml。用亲油表面形成致密纸是昂贵的并且工业上尚未实现。
发明目的
本发明的目的是公开一种可作为印刷纸用于印刷的新型纸。本发明的一个具体目的是公开这样的纸,所述纸使印刷和非印刷表面之间的湿气梯度最小化并且避免波纹,例如在HSWO印刷中。本发明另一个目的是公开一种制造纸的新方法。
发明概述
根据本发明的纸和方法的特征在于权利要求书中所提供的。
本发明基于这样的纸,所述纸由纤维基的源材料形成并且可用作印刷纸。根据本发明,通过将足够的密度以这样的方式布置在纸的表面上——至少在一面上——对纸的表面进行表面处理,所述方式为:纸的至少一个表层的密度足够高,以产生高于7000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,如从整张纸所测量的和通过葛利-希尔方法所测定的。
在本上下文中,纸的表层指在纸的表面上的表层,例如,涂布层,其可以通过本身已知的任何表面处理方法形成。在纸的表面上有至少两个表层。在这种情况下,表层可以指最上面的表层或在最上层下的任何其它表层。
具体而言,本发明基于这样的纸,其中纸的至少一个表层被布置成致密的并且纸包含可控制的表面密度。此外,纸优选地包含可控制的表面能性质。优选地,纸的表面不具有任何亲油性质。
在根据本发明的纸中,在印刷和非印刷表面之间的湿气梯度,即干燥梯度,可以被最小化,并且例如在HSWO印刷中,波纹可以被减少。通过以特定的方式给纸提供密度,使湿气梯度最小化变为可能。利用致密的纸表面,可能减慢非印刷表面相对于印刷表面的干燥,以便例如在HSWO干燥中,湿气梯度可以被降低。通过降低湿气梯度,可能减少纸中的波纹。
在本上下文中,纸是指任何纤维基的纸。纸可以由化学纸浆、机械纸浆、化学机械纸浆、再生纸浆及其混合物和/或类似物制成。纸可以是湿卷(wet web)、干卷(dried web)或片的形式,或适合于目的的其它形式。纸可以包含适合的填料和添加剂。
葛利-希尔方法(ISO 5636-5:2003)包括通过具有特定空气渗透率的纸,例如,在数秒内,例如100ml,测量在印刷期间所消耗的时间。压力差为1.21kPa。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,通过多层处理对纸进行表面处理,其中在纸的表面形成一个以上表层。纸可以是双层涂布的或其可以被涂布多次。在被涂布多次的纸中和双层涂布的纸中,使表层中的至少一层以本发明定义的方式变致密是足够的。可选地,使一层以上的表层以本发明定义的方式变致密。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,通过涂布和/或表面施胶(surface-sizing)对纸进行表面处理,以便至少两个表层,即,涂布层,形成于纸的表面上。在一个优选的实施方式中,紧靠纸的表面的层,即最下面的表层,通过涂布制成。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,通过预涂布纸的表面对纸进行表面处理。在一个实施方式中,纸被预涂布,以在一个表层,即预涂布层上提供足够的密度。在一个优选的实施方式中,将可以是致密的或不是致密的至少一个其它涂布层以根据本发明的方式布置在预涂层上。
致密层可以是任何层。在一个实施方式中,致密层是预涂布层。在一个实施方式中,致密层是最上面的表层。在一个实施方式中,致密层是夹层之一。在一个优选的实施方式中,最上面的表层不是致密层,在这种情况下,任何期望的性质,例如就可印刷性而言,可以布置在最上面的表层上。
在一个实施方式中,一个表层——优选致密层——的涂层重量为1-14g/m2/面,更优选6-14g/m2/面。在一个实施方式中,总涂层重量为7-40g/m2/面。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,将包含至少一种颜料和/或至少一种粘结剂的混合物布置在纸的表面上,以形成至少一个表层。在一个实施方式中,混合物包含至少一种颜料和至少一种粘结剂。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,颜料选自:高岭土、滑石、碳酸钙、石膏、和它们的混合物以及诸如此类的颜料。在一个优选的实施方式中,颜料主要包含高岭土。在一个实施方式中,至少部分或全部使用片状颜料作为颜料。在一个实施方式中,使用大致片状的颜料,在优选的实施方式中,片状颜料以高于按颜料量的重量计70%的量存在,在更优选的实施方式中,以高于按颜料量的重量计90%的量存在。在一个实施方式中,颜料可以包含球形颜料。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,粘结剂选自:淀粉、蛋白质、胶乳、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇及其混合物和类似物。在一个优选的实施方式中,粘结剂主要包含胶乳或其衍生物,例如SB胶乳。
在一个实施方式中,粘结剂包含具有在-30℃-35℃范围内的,更优选在0℃-25℃范围内的玻璃化转变温度的胶乳。玻璃化转变温度可以例如通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
布置在纸的表面上的混合物可以是任何表面处理组合物,例如涂层剂(涂层着色剂)或表面施胶组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,通过优化由粘结剂-颜料组合的表面处理混合组合物来控制纸的表面的密度。在一个实施方式中,颜料与粘结剂的比被预先确定。粘结剂与颜料的比可以在1∶100-100∶1的范围内变化。在本发明的一个实施方式中,布置在纸的表面上的混合物,例如涂料混合物,包含按混合物总干重的重量计的75-95%的量的颜料,在一个实施方式中,为按混合物总干重的重量计的82-92%的量。颜料可以是固体或分散形式,并且其可以作为其中颜料按重量计占30-100%的组合物存在。在本发明的一个实施方式中,混合物包含按混合物总干重的重量计的5-25%的量的粘结剂,在一个实施方式中,为按混合物总干重的重量计的8-17%。粘结剂可以是固体或溶液形式,并且其可以作为包含按重量计3-100%的量的粘结剂的组合物存在。在一个实施方式中,表面处理组合物包含100份干重的量的颜料和10-15份干重的量的粘结剂。
任何适合的粘结剂和颜料可以用于纸的表面处理。此外,本领域中本身已知的合适添加剂可以加入到表面处理混合物中。混合物可以包含按重量计0-10%的量的添加剂。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,纸的至少一个表层的密度足够高,以致产生高于10000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,如通过葛利-希尔方法所测定的和从整张纸所测量的。在一个实施方式中,纸的密度为高于12000s/100ml,如通过葛利-希尔方法测量的。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,纸被压光,这优选在表面处理后进行。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,纸可以作为印刷纸用于胶印,特别是HSWO印刷中。
在根据本发明的纸的制造中,使用的所谓原纸可以是适合的纤维基原纸,其可以根据本发明制成可用作印刷纸的纸,诸如LWC(轻磅涂布)纸、MWC(中磅涂布)纸、MFC(机制加工涂布)纸、WFC纸(不含木浆涂布的纸)或类似的纸。
在一个实施方式中,在纸的制造中,将填料、颜料、粘结剂和/或其它化学品加入到纤维基源材料。可以将本领域已知的任何剂和化学品用作填料、颜料、粘结剂和化学品。
此外,本发明基于制造纸的方法,其中可用作印刷纸的纸由纤维基的源材料形成。根据本发明,对纸的表面和其至少一面进行表面处理,以便以这样的方式将足够的密度布置在表面上,所述方式为:纸的至少一个表层的密度足够高,以致产生高于7000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,如从整张纸测量的。
纸的制造、涂布、表面施胶、压光和/或印刷等可以以本领域本身已知的方式进行。
在涂布纸中,可以应用任何涂布方法,例如膜转移涂布、用喷嘴涂布器刮刀涂布、用辊涂布器刮刀涂布、用SDTA(短暂停留时间涂布(short dwell time application))的刮刀涂布、喷涂或幕式涂布或其任何组合、或类似的方法。
与现有技术相比,根据本发明的纸和方法提供相当大的优势。
由于根据本发明的纸,高质量的印刷品和印刷纸中波纹的减少得以提供。最小化湿气梯度降低了干燥中所需能量的量,原因在于干燥更偏向于印刷纸的表面。此外,过多地蒸发纸中的水将使纸的印刷质量变差。
本发明提供制造可用作印刷纸的高质量纸的简便且成本有效的方法。此外,本发明提供了工业上可应用的、容易的、简便的和用得起的制造纸的方法。
发明详述
在下述部分中,将借助于详细的示例性实施方式对本发明进行描述。实施例1
在本实施例中,形成了根据本发明的双层涂布的MWC-型纸,所述纸可用作印刷纸和具有大约80gsm的克重。原纸是含有木材的。通过膜转移涂布对纸进行预涂布和通过用喷嘴涂布器的刮刀涂布对纸进行表面涂布。预涂层重量为8g/m2/面。表面涂层重量为8g/m2/面。在涂布后,将纸进行超级压光并且选择压光条件以获得70%的光泽水平。
用于根据本发明的印刷纸的预涂料混合物为这样的混合物,其包含100份片状高岭土颜料、10份SB胶乳作为粘结剂和4份淀粉、以及1.8份添加剂,例如流变改性剂和染料。颜料的粒径分布示于表1中,如通过Sedigraph 5100装置所测量的。表1
【38】用于根据本发明的印刷纸的表面涂布层为高岭土和碳酸盐的典型混合物。
粒径,μm | 累积分布 |
小于10 | 99.3 |
小于5 | 96.9 |
小于2 | 81.3 |
小于1 | 63.8 |
小于0.5 | 37.2 |
根据本发明的印刷纸的密度测定为11600s/100ml。
实施例2
在本实施例中,形成了根据本发明的双层涂布的MWC-型纸,所述纸可用作印刷纸并且具有大约80gsm的克重。原纸是含有木材的。通过膜转移涂布对纸进行预涂布并且通过用喷嘴涂布器刮刀涂布对纸进行表面涂布。预涂层重量为7g/m2/面。表面涂层重量为8g/m2/面。在涂布后,将纸进行超级压光以及选择压光条件以获得70%的光泽水平。
用于根据本发明的印刷纸的预涂料混合物为这样的混合物,其包含100份片状高岭土颜料、16份SB胶乳作为粘结剂和3.3份添加剂,例如流变改性剂和染料。颜料的粒径分布示于表2中,如通过Sedigraph 5100装置所测量的。表2
粒径,μm | 累积分布 |
小于10 | 100 |
小于5 | 99.6 |
小于2 | 86.7 |
小于1 | 71.3 |
小于0.5 | 53.8 |
使用的参比纸为商业双层涂布的基于木材的MWC纸,其具有80gsm的克重并且被超级压光成70%的光泽水平。基于碳酸钙的典型涂料混合物被用于预涂布参比纸。
用于根据本发明的印刷纸和参比纸的表面涂布层为高岭土和碳酸盐的典型混合物。
对所述纸定义下列密度值:由于预涂层,根据本发明的印刷纸为28250s/100ml,以及参比纸为2800s/100ml,如通过葛利-希尔方法所测定的。
使用Albert Frakenthal A 101 S印刷机,通过HSWO印刷,印刷所述纸。商业的HSWO印刷油墨被用于印刷。在干燥后,卷纸(web)的退出温度为130℃。
在印刷后,当将根据本发明的印刷纸与参比纸进行比较时,在视觉检测期间,观测到根据本发明的印刷纸在波纹方面有相当大的改进。在印刷和干燥后,例如可以采用AFT方法,通过测定AFT值来测量波纹。
纸的制造、涂布、压光和印刷按照本身已知的方式进行并且在本上下文中不再更详细地描述。
在所有测试中,基于纸的波纹以及印刷的平整度和清晰度,证明根据本发明的纸是优良的印刷纸。
在测试中,观察到在HSWO印刷中波纹是低的,原因在于纸的致密表面结构和在印刷和非印刷表面之间的低的湿气梯度。
总之,可以得出结论,根据本发明的方法容易地提供了质量优良的印刷纸。
根据本发明的纸和方法可应用于不同的实施方式,用于制造最多不同种类的印刷纸产品。
本发明不仅仅限于上面提到的实施例;相反,在权利要求定义的发明思想范围内,许多变化是可能的。
Claims (19)
1.一种由纤维基的源材料形成并且可用作印刷纸的纸,其特征在于,在纸的表面上有至少两个涂布层,并且通过多层处理将所述涂布层布置在所述纸的表面上,和通过将足够的密度以这样的方式布置在表面上和形成在纸的表面上不具有亲油性质的纸,对纸的表面进行表面处理,所述方式为:纸的至少一个涂布层的密度足够高,以产生高于7000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,其是从整张纸测量的,并且其中所述纸的表面不具有亲油性质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纸,其特征在于所述纸通过涂布和/或表面施胶进行表面处理。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纸,其特征在于所述纸通过预涂布进行表面处理,以便在一个涂布层上提供足够的密度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的纸,其特征在于在所述纸的表面上的致密涂布层的涂层重量为1-14g/m2/面。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的纸,其特征在于包含颜料和粘结剂的混合物被布置在所述纸的表面上,以便形成至少一个涂布层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的纸,其特征在于所述颜料选自:高岭土、滑石、碳酸盐、石膏和它们的混合物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的纸,其特征在于至少部分地使用片状颜料作为颜料。
8.根据权利要求5所述的纸,其特征在于所述粘结剂选自:淀粉、蛋白质、胶乳、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇以及它们的混合物。
9.根据权利要求5所述的纸,其特征在于所述混合物包含按干重重量计75-95%的量的颜料。
10.根据权利要求5所述的纸,其特征在于所述混合物包含按干重重量计5-25%的量的粘结剂。
11.根据权利要求1、2和6-10中任一项所述的纸,其特征在于所述纸的至少一个涂布层的所述密度足够高,以致产生高于10000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,其是从整张纸测量的。
12.根据权利要求1、2和6-10中任一项所述的纸,其特征在于所述纸的至少一个涂布层的所述密度足够高,以致产生高于12000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,其是从整张纸测量的。
13.根据权利要求1、2和6-10中任一项所述的纸,其特征在于所述纸被压光。
14.根据权利要求1、2和6-10中任一项所述的纸,其特征在于所述纸可作为印刷纸用于HSWO印刷。
15.制造纸的方法,其中可用作印刷纸的纸由纤维基的源材料形成,其特征在于通过多层处理将至少两个涂布层布置在纸的表面上,并且对所述纸的表面进行表面处理,以便将足够的密度以这样的方式布置在所述表面上和形成在纸的表面上不具有亲油性质的纸,所述方式为:所述纸的至少一个涂布层的密度足够高,以产生高于7000s/100ml的葛利-希尔值,其是从整张纸测量的,并且其中所述纸的表面不具有任何亲油性质。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于所述纸的表面通过涂布和/或表面施胶进行表面处理。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其特征在于包含颜料和粘结剂的混合物被布置在所述纸的表面上,以便形成至少一个涂布层。
18.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其特征在于通过预涂布所述表面对所述纸进行表面处理,以便在一个涂布层上提供足够的密度。
19.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其特征在于所述纸被压光。
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