CN101679827A - 粘结性树脂组合物及使用该组合物的层压材料 - Google Patents
粘结性树脂组合物及使用该组合物的层压材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101679827A CN101679827A CN200880018502A CN200880018502A CN101679827A CN 101679827 A CN101679827 A CN 101679827A CN 200880018502 A CN200880018502 A CN 200880018502A CN 200880018502 A CN200880018502 A CN 200880018502A CN 101679827 A CN101679827 A CN 101679827A
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Abstract
本发明提供在常温用途以及煮沸处理或蒸馏处理用途中与极性树脂的粘结性充分的粘结性树脂,含有所述粘结性树脂的树脂组合物,以及以所述树脂组合物为中间层的与聚烯烃/极性树脂形成的层压材料。用于极性树脂的粘结性树脂组合物(A),其如下获得:在具有羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)成分的树脂中混合双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)成分,或将所述聚合物(a2)对(a1)成分进行接枝反应,且(a1)成分采用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测得的酸值为0.1-50mgKOH/g,(a2)成分于220℃下熔融捏合5分钟,冷却至室温后,以通过红外(IR)吸收光谱测定得到的源自酸酐基的峰(1713cm-1、1780cm-1)的峰高之和为x,以源自酯基的峰(1740cm-1)的峰高为y时,y/(x+y)×100为10以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的树脂组合物的粘结性树脂组合物(A),所述组合物如下获得:将具有不饱和羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)的树脂与双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)混合,或使(a2)成分对(a1)进行部分接枝。本发明还涉及层压材料,所述层压材料经由含有树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃的树脂组合物构成的层使极性树脂(C)层与链烯烃(D)层或回收树脂(E)层层压而获得。此外,本发明亦涉及该层压材料的用途和制备方法。
背景技术
由热塑性树脂构成的塑料容器由于轻质性、经济性、成型加工性、耐冲击性、透明性、可复用性等优异,所以胜过常规的金属制或玻璃制等容器,广泛用作饮食品包装容器。特别是由聚烯烃树脂和乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(以下也称其为EVOH)或聚烯烃树脂和聚酰胺构成的层压材料由于氧透过性、水蒸气透过性低,所以广泛用于食品、药品的容器等。并且,近年来由于消费者的生活多样化和安全考虑等,对饮食品的长期保存性和卫生安全性等的要求提高,所以优选使用由具有阻透材料层的多层结构构成的容器。
此外,塑料容器中,特别是将食品容器、医疗用品容器中的内容物杀菌保存或可适用于通过以加热为目的的蒸馏处理进行高温处理的容器(以下简称为“蒸馏容器”)的重要性增加。
但是,由于聚烯烃树脂层和EVOH层或尼龙层的相互粘结性差,所以为了进行层压,通常进行采用在各树脂层之间设置有分别粘结各层的中间层的共挤出的成型方法共挤出。作为这样的中间层,已知例如专利文献1、专利文献2、专利文献3记载的采用不饱和羧酸或其衍生物进行接枝改性的聚烯烃树脂作为粘结性树脂。另外,作为同种材料亦已知主链具有不饱和羧酸或其衍生物的链烯烃-不饱和羧酸共聚物。
另外,作为提高与极性树脂的粘结力的方法,已知下列方法:专利文献4中对接枝改性聚烯烃树脂进一步添加低密度聚乙烯的方法,专利文献5中添加烃类弹性体的方法,专利文献6中将丙烯-乙烯嵌段共聚物和包含乙烯-α-链烯烃无规共聚物、不饱和羧酸或其衍生物及有机过氧化物的混合物熔融捏合的方法。
但是,上述粘结性树脂及多层结构在进行蒸馏处理后存在含有粘结性树脂的中间层和阻透性树脂层之间的粘结强度降低剥落的情况。另外,若预先使用具有高粘结性的粘结性树脂,则在采用共挤出成型等制备层压材料时,可产生往往被称为“橙皮”的各层间界面的连续错乱,外观变差。即使将专利文献1-3记载的接枝改性聚烯烃树脂和在专利文献4-6记载的接枝改性聚烯烃树脂中添加有第3成分的组合物用作粘结剂层,在常温的用途、煮沸处理中的用途、蒸馏处理中的用途之任一用途中,性能均不足。
专利文献1:日本特开昭48-005527号公报
专利文献2:日本特开昭51-098784号公报
专利文献3:日本特开昭52-026548号公报
专利文献4:日本特公昭54-040113号公报
专利文献5:日本特公昭54-040112号公报
专利文献6:日本特公昭56-041205号公报
发明内容
发明所需解决的课题
本发明的目的在于:提供即使在常温的用途以及煮沸处理或蒸馏处理的用途中与极性树脂的粘结性充足的粘结性树脂以及含有所述粘结性树脂的树脂组合物,进一步提供以所述树脂组合物作为中间层的与聚烯烃/极性树脂形成的层压材料。
解决课题的手段
本发明人为达成上述目的进行深入研究,结果发现:用于极性树脂的粘结性树脂组合物(A)使对于含有EVOH的树脂组合物的层间的高粘结成为可能,其如下获得:在具有羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)成分的树脂中混合双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)成分,或使所述(a2)成分对(a1)成分进行接枝反应,且(a1)成分采用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测得的酸值为0.1-50mgKOH/g,(a2)成分于220℃下熔融捏合5分钟,冷却至室温后,以通过红外(IR)吸收光谱测定得到的源自酸酐基的峰(1713cm-1、1780cm-1)的峰高之和为x,以源自酯基的峰(1740cm-1)的峰高为y时,y/(x+y)×100为10以上。将上述树脂组合物(A)作为在聚烯烃(B)中稀释过的树脂组合物使用。然后,发现将上述粘结性树脂组合物作为具有含有EVOH树脂组合物(C)层的层压材料时,即使在煮沸处理或蒸馏处理的用途中也能够维持与极性树脂的高粘结,从而完成本发明。
即,本发明为含有树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B)的粘结性树脂组合物,进一步经由所述树脂组合物层形成具有极性树脂(C)层和聚烯烃(D)层或回收树脂(E)层的隔气性层压材料。
发明效果
根据本发明,通过使树脂组合物(A)中存在的双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)与EVOH产生相容或锚定(アンカ一)效果,提供令现有技术所不具备的含有树脂组合物(A)层和极性树脂(C)层的层间的高粘结成为可能的树脂或树脂组合物。
并且,根据本发明,提供即使在煮沸处理的用途、蒸馏处理的用途中与含有EVOH的树脂组合物(C)层具有高粘结的层压材料。
实施发明的最佳方式
本发明为用于极性树脂的粘结性树脂组合物(A),其如下获得:在具有下列(a1)成分的树脂中混合下列(a2)成分,或使(a2)成分对(a1)成分进行接枝,且(a1)成分含量满足下列(α)条件,(a2)成分含量满足下列(β)条件。
(a1)成分:羧酸酐或其衍生物
(a2)成分:双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物
(α)条件:采用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测得的酸值为0.1-50mgKOH/g。
(β)条件:于220℃下熔融捏合5分钟,冷却至室温后,以通过红外(IR)吸收光谱测定得到的源自酸酐基的峰(1713cm-1、1780cm-1)的峰高之和为x,以源自酯基的峰(1740cm-1)的峰高为y时,y/(x+y)×100为10以上。
不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)是指能够与EVOH的OH基进行酯化反应或酯交换反应的化合物,可列举出马来酸酐、柠康酸酐、2,3-二甲基马来酸酐、溴代马来酸酐、氯代马来酸酐、二氯马来酸酐、巴豆酸酐(無水クロトニツク酸)、3,4,5,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、衣康酸酐、戊烯二酸酐等。其中马来酸酐在制备方面是最具代表性。
具有不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)的树脂是指树脂中具有如下结构:不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)通过接枝反应加成而形成的接枝聚合物结构、或不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)与α-链烯烃的共聚物的结构,在本发明中两者均适用。
作为构成形成接枝聚合物结构时的主要材料的树脂,使用烃类树脂。此处所谓的烃类树脂是指主要由碳和氢构成的树脂,但在不损害本发明效果的范围内即使具有醚键、酯基、酰胺键等官能团亦可。通常,从马来酸酐化(マレイン化)热塑性树脂的稳定高、避免与粘结性树脂组合物中含有的添加剂等反应或相互作用的观点出发,使用不具有上述官能团的烃类树脂。
作为烃类树脂的例子,可列举出聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚(4-甲基)戊烯、聚己烯、聚辛烯、聚癸烯、聚十二烯等α-链烯烃的聚合物;由作为上述聚合物的原料的α-链烯烃构成的乙烯-丙烯、乙烯-丁烯、丙烯-丁烯等无规共聚物;以及在上述聚合物、共聚物中将聚苯乙烯作为嵌段聚合物结合的苯乙烯-(乙烯-丁烯)-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-(异戊二烯-丙烯)-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物等嵌段聚合物。由于上述聚合物、共聚物具有与不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)反应的结构,所以在使用中无物理性质、化学结构方面的限制,而且能适应单独、掺混的任意一种。
从熔点超过一般蒸馏处理温度的120℃的方面以及制备方面出发,在蒸馏用途中特别优选使用的烃类树脂为聚丙烯。但是,在不需耐蒸馏性的用途中,从柔软性和制备方面出发,也优选使用聚乙烯或苯乙烯-(乙烯-丁烯)-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物等共聚物。
另外,作为烃类树脂,可含有由异戊二烯、丁二烯、辛二烯等二烯单体形成的共聚物或类似苯乙烯、丙烯腈、乙酸乙烯酯等含有芳族基团或官能团的化合物与α-链烯烃形成的共聚物。另外,聚辛烯(ポリオクテニレン)、环辛二烯的开环易位聚合物等易位聚合物等亦可使用。但是,在本发明的粘结树脂用途中,若聚烯烃的主链中富含双键,则稳定性变差,所以优选将双键氢化以作为对热稳定性的改善。
在本发明中,使双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)与不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)部分地反应是特点之一。上述聚合物(a2)具有通过与EVOH的亲和性来辅助与含EVOH树脂组合物的粘结性的作用。通过上述作用,发挥比通常称为马来酸酐化聚烯烃的用于极性树脂的粘结树脂更优异的粘结功能。因此,由于聚合物(a2)必须具有同时实现与酸酐反应和与含有EVOH的树脂组合物相容的结构,所以必须具有1个以上与不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)反应的官能团。需说明的是,双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)不限于1种,根据用途可并用2种以上。
就双末端或单末端上具有羟基的开环聚合物或缩聚物而言,作为代表性化合物可列举出:将作为二元醇的乙二醇、丙二醇等二醇类聚合而获得的聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等聚二醇类;聚乙二醇单甲基醚、聚乙二醇单乙基醚等将单末端用醚封端的聚二醇醚,或乙二醇单乙酸酯、二甘醇单乙酸酯、三甘醇单乙酸酯、聚乙二醇单乙酸酯等二醇酯等聚二醇类的单末端不为羟基的化合物;乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的部分皂化物或乙酸乙烯共聚物的部分皂化物等聚烯烃链中具有1个以上羟基的化合物。另外,亦可列举出将聚酯的末端或环氧树脂进行部分醇改性的化合物。上述化合物中优选与极性树脂的亲和性好、在结构上不抑制粘结性的双末端或单末端上为羟基的聚二醇类。
作为双末端或单末端上具有氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物,可列举出聚乙烯亚胺或末端具有能够与酸酐基反应的官能团的聚酰胺。在聚乙烯亚胺的结构中,可列举出如下化合物:通过与本发明中不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)反应而得到发明的效果,并且相对于全部的胺,具有能相反地抑制粘结性的可能性的伯胺的存在比在50%以下。另外,亦可列举出使醛、酮、酯、卤代烷、异氰酸酯、α、β不饱和酮等与胺反应得到的聚乙烯衍生物。聚酰胺的主链结构无特殊限定,可列举出6-尼龙、6,6-尼龙、6,10-尼龙、11-尼龙、12-尼龙或含有2种以上构成上述任意一种尼龙的成分的共聚尼龙等。
双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)与不饱和羧酸或其衍生物(a1)反应的方法无特殊限制,以下方法均可:使不饱和羧酸(a1)与烃类树脂反应,然后与聚合物(a2)反应的方法;使不饱和羧酸(a1)与烃类树脂反应时,通过聚合物(a2)除去未反应的不饱和羧酸(a1),同时使聚合物(a2)与加成于烃类树脂的不饱和羧酸(a1)发生部分反应的方法;以及将不饱和羧酸(a1)和聚合物(a2)用搅拌器等在未熔融的状态下混合后,利用制备层压材料时的熔融使之反应的方法。
在本发明中,作为不饱和羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)在树脂组合物(A)中的存在量,优选采用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测得的酸值为0.1-50mgKOH/g((α)条件),更优选0.5-45mgKOH/g。若在0.1mgKOH/g以下,则与EVOH的粘结性不充分;若在50mgKOH/g以上,则通过树脂(A)之间的交联,热稳定些降低,出现膜表面粗糙或色调变差,而且粘结强度亦降低。
在本发明中,双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)的存在量,即(β)条件,是在确保表示作为与EVOH反应部位的不饱和羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)存在量的(α)条件的基础上确定的量。换言之,通过IR光谱以源自酸酐基的峰(1713cm-1、1780cm-1)的峰高之和为x,以源自酯基的峰(1740cm-1)的峰高为y时,优选y/(x+y)×100为10(%)以上、更优选15以上、进一步优选20以上。在IR光谱中,由于受到醚、仲胺等的影响,酸酐基的峰变得难以检测,所以y/(x+y)×100的值不是表示实际上在骨架中存在的酸酐基的量/酯基的量的数值,而且由于还存在酸酐基的峰未被完全检测出的情况,所以上限亦不存在。y/(x+y)×100值是由作为与EVOH反应部位的不饱和羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)的存在量和本发明中双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)的量、结构、分子量等确定的值,但在本发明中,对于发挥双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)的效果而言,若不足10,则无效果。
本发明的树脂组合物(A)可如下制备:通过使双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)的添加量和与不饱和羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)反应的全部羟基或氨基的摩尔数为一定比例来进行混合,或将所述聚合物(a2)对(a1)成分进行接枝反应。本发明中聚合物(a2)的添加量与羟基或氨基的种类无关,优选相对于不饱和羧酸(a1)为0.5-20%摩尔,更优选1-18%摩尔。若不足0.2%摩尔,则观察不到聚合物(a2)的效果;若超过20%摩尔,则存在效果降低的倾向。推测原因是若聚合物(a2)的存在量增加,则(a1)对极性树脂的粘结性被聚合物(a2)抑制。
另外,当添加双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)时,根据需要共同添加醋酸钾、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠等碱金属作为反应促进剂,但若双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)的添加量多,则存在增加所需反应促进剂的添加量的必要,而且添加量的增加由于PP的劣化等易使色调变差,加工性差。若从上述加工性的观点出发,双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)的添加量随末端结构或分子量等而不同,但相对于不饱和羧酸(a1),优选为0.5-15%摩尔、更优选2-10%摩尔。
在本发明中,优选赋予与极性树脂的粘结辅助效果的双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)的数均分子量(以下称为Mn或简称为分子量)为400-20000。若不足400,则由于分子链过短而无效;若超过20000,则会产生粘结强度降低,认为其原因是分子链过长从而抑制粘结效果。就分子量的范围而言,更优选600-15000。
当本发明的树脂组合物(A)用作用于含有EVOH的树脂组合物的粘结性树脂用途时,优选190℃的熔体流动速率(以下记为MFR)为1-200。若MFR不足1,则在稀释树脂组合物(A)的聚烯烃(B)中的分散性不足,而若高于200,则导致微分散化,均导致与极性树脂的粘结强度显著降低。需说明的是,当用作粘结性树脂以外的用途,例如用作极性树脂的相容化试剂、改性剂时,由于根据极性树脂的性质决定MFR,所以不将MFR限定为3-200的范围。
本发明为含有树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B)的树脂组合物。更具体而言,则本发明为用于树脂(C)的粘结性树脂组合物,所述粘结性树脂组合物中,树脂组合物(A)∶聚烯烃(B)为2∶98-40∶60,且采用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测定的酸值为0.1-4mgKOH/g。
相对于含有树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B)的树脂组合物,在不损害发明效果的范围内,亦可配混抗氧化剂、增塑剂、颜料、热稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗静电剂、润滑剂、着色剂、填充剂或树脂。
只要均匀掺混树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B),它们的的掺混方法即无特殊限制。换言之,即可采用以固体状直接掺混的干式掺混,亦可采用将干式掺混得到的掺混物用熔融挤出机粒料化的熔融掺混。作为熔融掺混的手段,可列举出采用螺带式掺混机、混合捏合机、造粒机、混合辊、挤出机、高速混合机的方法。其中,从步骤的简便性以及成本的观点出发,优选使用单螺杆或双螺杆式挤出机。掺混温度根据设备的性质、树脂的种类或配混比例等酌情选择,但多数情况下为150-300℃的范围。另外,在形成多层结构时,亦可采用配套于成型机的挤压机进行熔融捏合。
聚烯烃(B)具有可形成层压材料的性状是必要的,可列举出在作为获得上述接枝聚合物结构的主要材料的树脂中已例示的烃类树脂,其可单独使用或组合2种以上使用。但是,将层压材料作为蒸馏包装容器使用时,优选使用含50%以上聚丙烯的组合。作为使用2种以上聚烯烃的实例,可列举如下获得的树脂组合物作为代表例:使用聚丙烯聚丙烯作为树脂组合物(A)制备时的主要原料和进行稀释的聚烯烃(B),并进一步配混作为第2聚烯烃的乙烯-丙烯共聚物等热塑性弹性体,所述热塑性弹性体为改善与极性树脂的粘结强度、层压材料的外观、层压材料的成型性的公知技术。另外,对于聚烯烃(B),在不损害本发明效果的范围内亦可配混其它树脂。例如,通过配混少量的聚乙烯可调整成型品的力学特性。另外,如所谓的HIPS(高抗冲聚苯乙烯)那样,通过配混橡胶成分亦可改善耐冲击性。
聚丙烯只要是以丙烯为主要结构单元的聚合物即可,无特殊限定,通常为含有50重量%以上丙烯单元的聚合物。除丙烯的均聚物外,可使用例如乙烯-丙烯共聚物、丙烯-α-链烯烃共聚物等与其它共聚单体形成的共聚物。这类共聚物与均聚物相比,层间粘结性良好的情况较多。另一方面,由于这类共聚物与均聚物相比刚性和熔点较低,所以考虑到这一点可根据用途使用。聚丙烯的熔点优选为115-190℃,但若考虑到蒸馏性,则更优选120℃以上,进一步优选140℃以上。
作为第2聚烯烃配混的热塑性弹性体的种类无特殊限制,可使用聚烯烃类弹性体、聚苯乙烯类弹性体、聚氨酯类弹性体、聚酯类弹性体、聚酰胺类弹性体等。但是,即使在上述弹性体中,若考虑聚烯烃与(a2)的相容性和费用等,则聚烯烃类弹性体或聚苯乙烯类弹性体合适,聚烯烃类弹性体最佳。
作为聚烯烃类弹性体,聚乙烯类弹性体和聚丙烯类弹性体均可使用。在此处,聚乙烯类弹性体指含有50重量%以上乙烯的弹性体,聚丙烯类弹性体指含有50重量%以上丙烯的弹性体。其中优选使用乙烯类弹性体,可采用使乙烯与α-链烯烃、乙酸乙烯酯、烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯等可进行共聚的单体共聚得到的化合物。特别优选密度不足0.89g/cm3的乙烯-α-链烯烃共聚物。当密度为0.89g/cm3以上时,改善粘结性的效果不足,更优选为0.885g/cm3以下。另一方面,密度通常为0.85g/cm3以上。特别优选的乙烯-α-链烯烃共聚物为乙烯-丙烯共聚物和乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物。作为聚苯乙烯类弹性体而优选的化合物,可列举出(氢化)苯乙烯-二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物等。
优选热塑性弹性体的维卡软化温度(按照JIS K7206进行测定)为40-80℃。推测通过使用软化温度较低的热塑性弹性体,在蒸馏处理或二次加工等加热情况下,树脂组合物(A)内的各成分分布情况发生变化,蒸馏处理后的粘结力提高。当维卡软化温度不足40℃时,存在实用温度下粘结力不足的情况,更优选为50℃以上。另一方面,若维卡软化温度超过80℃,则存在层间粘结性下降的情况,更优选为75℃以下。
优选热塑性弹性体的熔体流动速率(190℃、负荷2160g)为0.2-30g/10分钟。通过使熔体流动速率包含在上述范围内,使树脂组合物(A)中的各树脂成分的分散性良好。熔体流动速率更优选0.3g/10分钟以上。另外,熔体流动速率进一步优选为20g/10分钟以下。
将树脂组合物(A)用作EVOH的粘结性树脂组合物时,树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B)的比例优选2∶98-40∶60。若树脂组合物(A)不足2重量%,则粘结强度无法充分发挥;而若超过40重量%,则由于接枝聚合物之间的交联,粘结力急剧降低,在进一步作为层压材料时出现鱼眼或橙皮。
将树脂组合物(A)用作极性树脂(C)的粘结性树脂组合物时,优选树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B)的掺混物用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测得的酸值为0.1-4mgKOH/g。若不足0.1mgKOH/g,则粘结强度无法充分发挥;而若超过4mgKOH/g,则会出现粘结强度降低,推测其原因为树脂组合物(A)之间的交联。
在本发明中,将含有树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B)的树脂组合物用作层压材料,该材料作为极性树脂(C)和外层树脂(D)或回收树脂(E)的中间层。本发明的树脂组合物(A)的优选用途为粘结树脂,优选用作粘结阻透性树脂和聚烯烃层的粘结树脂。本发明的优选实施方式为极性树脂(C)层和外层树脂(D)层经由树脂组合物(A)所构成的层层压形成的多层结构。通过将树脂组合物(A)用作粘结树脂,可得到具有良好的层间粘结性的层压材料。只要由粘结树脂构成的层与由极性树脂(C)构成的层在界面处接触,并且与由极性树脂(C)构成的层的另一侧相接触的层难以剥落,该层由根据用途而含有树脂(A)构成,则层压材料的构成无限定。
通过本发明得到的层压材料含有由极性树脂(C)构成的层。由含有作为极性树脂(C)之一的EVOH的树脂组合物构成的层由于氧透过性、水蒸气透过性低,所以通过本发明得到的层压材料可广泛用于食品、药品、合成品的包装材料或汽油罐、气球、导管等用途。另外,由于聚酰胺的耐热性和耐磨损性优异,所以可用于蒸馏容器或薄膜等用途。含有EVOH的树脂组合物为仅含EVOH(c1)的树脂,或以EVOH(c1)为主要成分的树脂,其中,为了可耐蒸馏处理而配混聚酰胺和化学交联的EVOH,为了可提高柔软性而配混增塑剂或使EVOH改性而降低结晶化速度的树脂、(c2)。
用于本发明的层压材料的EVOH(c1)可通过使用自由基引发剂将乙烯和乙烯酯进行共聚,然后在碱催化剂的存在下进行皂化的公知方法进行制备。作为乙烯酯,可列举出乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、癸酸乙烯酯、苯甲酸乙烯酯等。即可从上述乙烯酯中使用1种,亦可混合2种以上使用。其中优选乙酸乙烯酯。
此时,在不损害本发明目的的范围内可共存其它共聚成分进行共聚。在此处,作为其它共聚成分可列举出:丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯等链烯烃类单体,丙烯酰胺、N-甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺等丙烯酰胺类单体,甲基丙烯酰胺、N-甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲基丙烯酰胺等甲基丙烯酰胺类单体,甲基乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、正丙基乙烯基醚、异丙基乙烯基醚、叔丁基乙烯基醚、十二烷基乙烯基醚等乙烯基醚类单体,丙烯醇,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮等。不具有选自如下含硼基团的至少一种官能团,所述含硼基团在硼酸基和水的存在下可转化为硼酸基。
EVOH(c1)的乙烯含量无特殊限定,但优选5-60%摩尔。当乙烯含量不足5%摩尔时,有熔融稳定性不足之虞,更优选15%摩尔以上,进一步优选20%摩尔以上。另一方面,当乙烯含量超过60%摩尔时,有阻透性不足之虞,更优选55%摩尔以下,进一步优选50%摩尔以下。另外,EVOH(c1)的皂化度通常为80-100%摩尔,优选90-100%摩尔,更优选95-100%摩尔,进一步优选98-100%摩尔,最优选99-100%摩尔。若皂化度低,则有EVOH(c1)的阻透性不足,或熔融成型时的热稳定性不足之虞。
由于本发明的树脂组合物和层压材料的特征之一为蒸馏处理后的粘结性维持或提高,所以为维持EVOH的隔气性,优选极性树脂(C)由如下树脂组合物构成,所述树脂组合物相对于100重量份EVOH(c1)含有3-50重量份聚酰胺(c2)。通过配混聚酰胺(c2),可提高极性树脂(C)层的耐蒸馏性。当聚酰胺(c2)的配混量不足3重量份时,有耐蒸馏性不足之虞,更优选5重量份以上,进一步优选7重量份以上。另一方面,当聚酰胺(c2)的配混量超过50重量份时,有隔气性降低或层间粘结性降低之虞,更优选30重量份以下,进一步优选25重量份以下。聚酰胺(c2)的种类无特殊限定,可列举出6-尼龙、6,6-尼龙、6,10-尼龙、11-尼龙、12-尼龙以及共聚尼龙等,所述共聚尼龙含有2种以上构成上述任意一种尼龙的成分。
含有EVOH的树脂组合物的熔体流动速率(MFR)(190℃、负荷2160g)优选为0.1-16g/10分钟、更优选0.3-14g/10分钟、进一步优选0.5-12g/10分钟。但是,在熔点为190℃左右或超过190℃的树脂中,在2160g负荷下于熔点以上的多个温度下进行测定,在半对数图中以绝对温度的倒数为横坐标、MFR的对数为纵坐标作图,以外推至190℃的值为MFR。
作为极性树脂(C)之一的聚酰胺可列举出6-尼龙、6,6-尼龙、6,10-尼龙、11-尼龙、12-尼龙以及共聚尼龙等,所述共聚尼龙含有2种以上构成上述任意一种尼龙的成分,上述尼龙均可使用。另外,在本发明中优选聚酰胺的相对粘度为1.5-8.0,更优选2.0-7.0。
就外层树脂(D)而言,可列举出以聚烯烃为主要成分的层。作为所述聚烯烃可列举出在聚烯烃(B)中例示的聚烯烃,根据用途使用1种或并用2种以上均可,但若考虑到耐蒸馏性,则适用聚丙烯。
回收树脂(E)为热塑性树脂,所述热塑性树脂含有0.1-100重量%的至少含有1层EVOH的层压材料粉碎品。另外,以降低环境负荷为目的,亦可以使由层压材料加工成型品时多余的切削碎屑部分介于聚烯烃层和粘结树脂层之间。此外,亦可对回收树脂(E)配混填充剂或各种添加剂。
就本发明的层压材料的制备方法而言,可采用公知的方法,可采用共挤出成型、共注射成型、挤出包覆等方法。从通用性和粘结性的观点出发,共挤出成型和共注射成型有用。在共挤出成型或共注射成型时,可将极性树脂(C)、外层树脂(D)或回收树脂(E)及树脂组合物(A)分别加料至成型机。
就本发明的层压材料的层构成而言,只要极性树脂(C)层和外层树脂(D)层经由粘结树脂(A+B)层进行层压即可,无特殊限定。例如,可列举出C/A+B/D、D/A+B/C/A+B/D、D/A+B/C/A+B/T、D/A+B/C/T等。在此处,A+B表示粘结树脂组合物(A+B)层,C层表示极性树脂(C)层,D表示聚烯烃(D)或外层树脂(E)层,T表示除上述层之外的热塑性树脂层。在此处,D层由多层构成亦可,例如可形成将外层树脂(D)层和外层树脂(E)层合并的结构。另外,极性树脂(C)也可通过类似含有聚酰胺/EVOH的树脂组合物这样的2层结构形成。此外,也可具有极性树脂(C)、外层树脂(D)、树脂组合物(A+B)以外的树脂、金属箔、纸、布等的层。多层结构中各层的厚度可任意选择,由此可使多层结构的整体厚度达到所希望的范围。
通过本发明得到的层压材料的特征在于:与使用传统马来酸酐化聚烯烃的粘结性树脂组合物相比,粘结力提高。特别是在煮沸或蒸馏条件下,以往的材料粘结力无提高,在不同场合下可观察到下降倾向,与之相反的是,在本发明中通过改性马来酸酐化聚烯烃的亲水性部分与极性树脂相容,可观察到使粘结力维持或提高的效果。
以下通过实施例和比较例更具体地说明本发明。但是,本发明的范围不受下列实施例的任何限制。
在以下实施例中,(α)条件、(β)条件及粘结性树脂组合物(A)的MFR通过以下方法求得。
[(α)条件]
将1g份样品溶于80mL二甲苯,用校正的0.05摩尔/L(升,以下相同)氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液滴定,根据滴定值采用下式求出酸值及酸酐的量。
[酸值(mgKOH/g)]
通过下列计算式算出。
(滴定值(mL)-空白值(mL))×56.1×0.05×氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液的校正值÷质量(mg)
[(β)条件]
将样品于220℃下熔融捏合5分钟,冷却至室温后,采用PerkinElmer Co.,Ltd.(パ一キンエルマ一社)制的显微IR(Auto IMAGE,SpectrumOne)测定红外吸收光谱。当以得到的红外吸收光谱中源自酸酐基的峰(1713cm-1、1780cm-1)的峰高之和为x、源自酯基的峰(1713cm-1)的峰高为y时,采用下列计算式求得。
酯/羧酸+酸酐的拟似比例(擬似比例Pseudo Ratio)(%)=y/x×100
[树脂(A)的MFR]
依照JIS标准K7210进行测定。
实施例1
600g聚丙烯(出光兴产制,E-105GM,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=0.5,均聚丙烯)、69.91g马来酸酐、2000g叔丁基苯装入5000mL可拆式烧瓶中,形成氮气氛后,于160℃下使聚丙烯溶解。溶解后,将10.21g二叔丁基过氧化物加入100g叔丁基苯,搅拌下使之反应2小时。然后取出反应液,于室温下搅拌使树脂以粉体形式析出。将得到的粉体用丙酮洗涤后,真空干燥获得660.3g酸值为22.4(部分酸值,KOHmg/g)的白色粉末状马来酸酐化聚丙烯(样品1)。
量取200g已获得的样品1,将400g二甲苯、13.67g聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)、0.19g醋酸钾、1g醋酸装入2000mL可拆式烧瓶中,形成氮气氛,于160℃下搅拌20分钟使聚丙烯溶解。然后在反应器上安装蒸馏装置,蒸馏除去醋酸、二甲苯。然后取出反应液,于室温下搅拌使树脂以粉体形式析出。将得到的粉体用丙酮洗涤后,真空干燥获得212.5g淡黄色粉末状的聚乙二醇部分改性马来酸酐化聚丙烯(样品2)。另外,样品2的(α)条件的值为21.3(mgKOH/g),(β)条件的值为98(%)。
将聚丙烯(Japan Polypropylene Corporation(日本ポリプロ)制“NOVATEC PP”EG7F,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=1.3)和乙烯-丙烯共聚物(三井化学制,TAFMER P0480,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=5.4)预先以聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物=7/2的质量比用螺杆直径为25mmφ的双螺杆分段挤出机(二軸セグメント式押出機twin screw segmentextruder)制成熔融掺混的粒料,进一步在挤出机中加入10重量%的样品2,制成粘结性树脂组合物。按照以下标准评价树脂组合物的着色程度,结果如表1所示。
○:难着色
△:易着色
×:立即着色
以得到的树脂组合物作为粘结树脂层,在外层树脂中将聚丙烯(Japan Polypropylene Corporation(日本ポリプロ)制“NOVATECPP”EG7F,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=1.3)、含聚酰胺的EVOH(乙烯含量为27%摩尔,配混90重量份熔点为188℃的EVOH和10重量份熔点为220℃的6-尼龙的树脂组合物,其MFR(230℃、10分钟)=10,以下称为极性树脂C-1)通过供料模头(フイドブロツクダイfeed block die)按照聚丙烯层/粘结剂层/EVOH层/粘结剂层/聚丙烯层=50μm/10μm/10μm/10μm/50μm进行3种5层共挤出,制备薄膜。就各种树脂向供料头的供给而言,聚乙烯层使用32mmφ挤出机,粘结剂层组合物使用25mmφ挤出机,EVOH层使用20mmφ挤出机,并且各种树脂的挤出温度均为220℃,模头部位(ダイス部)、供料头部位也在220℃下进行。经由EVOH/粘结层对得到的3种5层薄膜进行剥离,于20℃、65%RH条件下采用自动绘图仪(オ一トグラフ)(拉伸速度250mm/分钟)测定抗剥强度,结果为1438g/15mm。
将聚丙烯层/粘结剂层/EVOH层/粘结剂层/聚丙烯层=50μm/10μm/10μm/10μm/50μm的3种5层薄膜在85℃的水浴中浸渍30分钟后,经由EVOH/粘结层测定抗剥强度,结果为1490g/15mm。
将得到的聚丙烯层/粘结剂层/EVOH层/粘结剂层/聚丙烯层=50μm/10μm/10μm/10μm/50μm的3种5层薄膜用热封口机制成10cm×10cm的小袋,向其中装入蒸馏水后,再次用热封口机密封蒸馏水。于120℃下将得到的装有蒸馏水的小袋蒸馏处理30分钟后,冷却1小时,然后经由EVOH/粘结层剥离小袋,测定粘结强度,结果为1550g/15mm。结果如表1-3所示。
比较例1
除省略实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
比较例2
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,装入0.073g乙二醇以替代13.67g聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
比较例3
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品1的步骤中,将二叔丁基过氧化物使用量设定为1.70g且省略制备样品2的步骤外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例2
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,装入13.67g聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG600,分子量=600)以替代13.67g聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例3
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,装入6.67g聚乙二醇甲基醚(东邦化学制,MeO-PEG2000,分子量=2000)以替代13.67g聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例4
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,将聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)由13.67g变更为5.47g外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例5
在1升的高压釜中装入170gε-己内酰胺和1.53g水,在氮气置换后,在搅拌下于240℃加热4小时。将得到的粗尼龙低聚物冷却固化,然后粉碎,进一步在500ml甲醇中于60℃下搅拌1小时,然后过滤,于60℃下抽真空过夜,由此得到150g尼龙-6(以下称为Ny-6)低聚物(样品3)。将得到的Ny-6用500MHz的1H-NMR进行测定,求得分子量=4000。
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,装入6.51g样品3以替代聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例6
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,将聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)由13.67g变更为27.34g外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例7
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,将聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)由13.67g变更为41.01g外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
比较例4
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,将聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)由13.67g变更为54.68g外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
比较例5
除了在实施例1记载的制备样品2的步骤中,装入0.144g羟基末端氢化1,4-聚丁二烯(三菱化学制,“Polytail H”,分子量=2900)以替代13.67g聚乙二醇(三洋化成制,PEG6000,分子量=8200)外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例8
合成例[马来酸酐改性PP的合成]
预先将聚丙烯(出光兴产制,E-105GM,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=0.5,均聚丙烯)和马来酸酐按照聚丙烯/马来酸酐=95/5的比例掺混,将投料口用1L/分钟的氮气置换,同时以10kg/小时的速度供给于双螺杆挤出机。然后,由液体给料机1以1kg/小时的速度供给二叔丁基过氧化物(ジ-tert-ブチルハイドロパ一オキサイドdi-tert-butylhydroperoxide)和氯苯的混合液(二叔丁基过氧化氢/氯苯=99/1,重量比),连续捏合。捏合期间,调节压力以使排气口1和排气口2的压力计显示约20mmHg。结果可从出料口以7kg/小时的速度获得马来酸酐改性聚丙烯(样品4)。
上述反应使用的双螺杆挤出机的结构、工作条件如下所示。同向双螺杆挤出机TEM-35B(东芝机械制)
螺杆直径:37mmφ
L/D:52(15区段(ブロツクblock))
液体给料机:C3(液体给料机1)、C11(液体给料机2)
排气口位置:C6(排气口1)、C14(排气口2)
螺杆结构:在C5-C6间、C10-C11间及C12的位置使用密封环。
圆筒设定温度:C1(水冷)、C2-C3(200℃)、C4-C15(250℃)、模头(250℃)
螺杆转数:200rpm
预先将聚丙烯(Japan Polypropylene Corporation(日本ポリプロ)制“NOVATEC PP”EG7F,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=1.3)和乙烯-丙烯共聚物(三井化学制,TAFMER P0480,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=5.4,以下称为EP)以聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物=2/1的质量比,通过螺杆直径为25mmφ的双螺杆分段挤出机制成熔融掺混的粒料。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
除了将实施例1记载的样品1变更为样品4,并且将聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物=7/2的粒料变更为2/1的粒料,将配混比由样品1∶(聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物=7/2的粒料)=10∶90变更为样品4∶(聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物=2/1的粒料)=40∶60外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例9
除了将实施例1记载的聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物=7/2的粒料变更为聚丙烯,将配混比由样品1∶(聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物=7/2的粒料)=10∶90变更为样品1∶聚丙烯=10∶90外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例10
将聚丙烯(Japan Polypropylene Corporation(日本ポリプロ)制“NOVATEC PP”EG7F,MFR(230℃、10分钟)=1.3)、EVOH(乙烯含量32%摩尔、皂化度99.7%摩尔、30℃下在含水苯酚中的特性粘度为1.1dL/g的EVOH,以下称为极性树脂C-2)和样品1以聚丙烯/EVOH/样品1=97.8/2.0/0.2的质量比,通过螺杆直径为25mmφ的双螺杆分段挤出机制成熔融掺混的模型回收树脂粒料(样品7)。
除了将实施例1记载的外层树脂由“NOVATEC PP”EG7F变更为样品7外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。但是,就蒸馏处理后的抗剥强度而言,由于极性树脂C-2层变形,故无法实施。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
实施例11
除了将实施例1记载的含有聚酰胺的EVOH变更为不含聚酰胺的极性树脂C-2外,按照实施例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
比较例6
除了将比较例1记载的含有聚酰胺的EVOH变更为不含聚酰胺的极性树脂C-2外,按照比较例1记载的方法实施一系列试验。但是,就蒸馏处理后的抗剥强度而言,由于EVOH层变形,故无法实施。将结果汇总示于表1-3。
[表1]
*1:mgKOH/g
*2:g/10min,于230℃
[表2]
*1:相对于(a1)成分
*2:PP/EVOH/Tie=96.6/1.7/1.7
[表3]
*1:由于极性树脂C-2的变形,所以不能实施。
由表1-3可知,与未将(a2)成分接枝于马来酸酐聚丙烯的比较例1和以(a2)成分的分子量不足400的乙二醇进行改性的比较例2相比,以分子量为400以上的(a2)成分进行各种改性的实施例在煮沸前后、蒸馏前后的粘结强度良好。此外,通过实施例可以理解,即使是改变(a2)成分的添加量、改变改性马来酸酐PP的配混量、聚烯烃中不含乙烯-丙烯共聚物的情况,也可适用于本发明。
Claims (10)
1.用于极性树脂的粘结性树脂组合物(A),其如下获得:在具有羧酸酐或其衍生物(a1)成分的树脂中混合双末端或单末端上具有羟基或氨基的开环聚合物或缩聚物(a2)成分,或将所述(a2)成分对(a1)成分进行接枝反应,且(a1)成分采用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测得的酸值为0.1-50mgKOH/g,将(a2)成分于220℃下熔融捏合5分钟,冷却至室温后,以通过红外(IR)吸收光谱测定得到的源自酸酐基的1713cm-1、1780cm-1处的峰的峰高之和为x,以源自酯基的1740cm-1处的峰的峰高为y时,y/(x+y)×100为10以上。
2.权利要求1的树脂组合物(A),其中,(a2)的数均分子量为400-20000。
3.权利要求1或2的树脂组合物(A),其中,230℃下的熔体流动速率为1-200。
4.用于极性树脂的粘结性树脂组合物,其以重量比为(A)∶(B)=2∶98-40∶60的比例含有权利要求1-3中任一项的树脂组合物(A)和聚烯烃(B),且使用氢氧化钾/乙醇溶液测得的酸值为0.1-4。
5.层压材料,其中,权利要求4的粘结性树脂组合物位于极性树脂(C)和外层树脂(D)或回收树脂(E)之间。
6.权利要求5的层压材料,其中,极性树脂(C)为含有乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的树脂组合物。
7.权利要求6的层压材料,其中,含有乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的树脂组合物含有0.1-30重量%的聚酰胺。
8.权利要求5的层压材料,其中,聚烯烃(B)为含有30-98重量%聚丙烯的热塑性树脂组合物。
9.权利要求5的层压材料,其中,外层树脂(D)为聚丙烯。
10.权利要求5的层压材料,其中,回收树脂(E)为含有0.1-100重量%的层压材料粉碎品的热塑性树脂,所述层压材料含有至少1层乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。
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RU2615411C2 (ru) * | 2012-12-28 | 2017-04-04 | Мицубиси Гэс Кемикал Компани, Инк. | Конструкция на основе полиэтилена |
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JPS5214684A (en) | 1975-07-25 | 1977-02-03 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Process for preparing a resinous laminate |
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JPH066368B2 (ja) * | 1987-01-12 | 1994-01-26 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 多層構造体 |
JPH01204662A (ja) | 1988-02-12 | 1989-08-17 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | レーザシステム |
JP2656818B2 (ja) * | 1988-12-02 | 1997-09-24 | 三井東圧化学株式会社 | 接着性ポリプロピレン組成物 |
DE69403398T2 (de) | 1993-07-13 | 1997-09-25 | Huntsman Spec Chem Corp | Modifikation von Polypropylen durch Polyetheramine |
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WO2007057960A1 (ja) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-05-24 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | 多層構造体及びその製造方法 |
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ES2561590T3 (es) | 2016-02-29 |
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