CN1015690B - 萃取烟草材料的方法 - Google Patents
萃取烟草材料的方法Info
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
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- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
Abstract
从烟草中第一次萃取水溶性组分,将含水萃取物经喷雾干燥得到一种干的粉末。这种干的萃取物再和一种低级醇如甲醇或乙醇接触,可从喷雾干燥的萃取物中萃取出一些组分,所得的萃取组分可从醇类溶剂中分离出来,以得到“烟草精”,这种“精”具有均质,粘稠特性并显示烟草芳香味,可用作香烟及其他吸烟制品的调香味。
Description
本发明涉及烟草萃取物,更具体地说,涉及以浓缩物的形式从烟草中提供选择性的调香组分的方法。
普通吸烟制品诸如香烟具有基本上呈圆柱棒状的结构,它包括由包裹物诸如纸包围的并装填有可供吸烟的材料诸如烟草的碎片或股丝(即切割装填料),从而形成烟草棒。制造使圆柱过滤器与烟草棒以头对头关系连接成一列的香烟是所希望的。一般来说,过滤材料系由纤维材料诸如醋酸纤维素制得,并采用沿周围包覆在尖端上的材料将其联接到烟草棒上。
香烟制造方法中一个重要的步骤包含可吸烟材料的润滑和表面处理。例如,将各种各样的调香料(它可包括浓缩的烟草萃取物)用于可吸烟的材料以增加烟的质量和香烟的其他类似特性。因此,在烟草特定组分的浓缩萃取物方面的兴趣增加了。例如,在授予Davis的美国专利3,136,321、授予Green的专利3,316,919、授予Rooker的专利3,424,171、授予Gellatly的专利4,421,126和授予Mueller的专利4,506,682中,提出了制造和使用烟草萃取物、芳香油和浓缩物的各种方法。这些材料通常可用于烟叶、重组烟草板和其他设计的烟草材料、香烟过滤器和其他基质等。
本发明的目的是提供一种高效地和有效地制造烟草萃取物的改进方法,更具体地说,提供一种通过第一溶剂从烟草中萃取水溶性组分、并干燥成粉,它再与第二溶剂接触并经分离,得到具有均质、粘稠烟草芬香等特性的浓缩萃取烟草材料的方法。
本发明涉及提供烟草萃取物,较佳的是呈浓缩物形式的烟草萃取物的一种方法。该方法包括采用第一溶剂从烟草材料中萃取组分,然后将第一溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分经历一个溶剂去除过程。较好的是,所得萃取组分以低溶剂状(例如以固体状)提供,然后将固态萃取物置于使用不同于第一溶剂的第二溶剂的萃取条件下,然后可将由第二溶剂从固态萃取物中萃取出来的组分分离,从而提供一种浓缩萃取物。另外,可收集在采用第二溶剂萃取后残留的不溶性残留物。
更具体地说,本发明方法包括采用具有似水特性的溶剂从烟草材料中萃取组分,然后将所得萃取组分置于溶剂去除(例如干燥)过程,较佳地是到一定程度,即是使得以在低溶剂(例如低湿度)状态下提供萃取组分。一般说来,通过采用喷雾干燥工艺来提供低溶剂状的萃取组分,尽管也可使用其他此类溶剂去除工艺诸如冷冻干燥工艺。并使用不同于第一溶剂的第二溶剂来从先前获得的萃取组分中萃取组分。一般来说,使低溶剂状的喷雾干燥的烟草萃取物与第二溶剂相接触,并从喷雾干燥的萃取物中萃取某些组分。这样可将第二溶剂和由此萃取的组分从残留的不溶性残留物中分离出来,然后可将由第二溶剂萃取的组分从第二溶剂中分离。一般来说,通过蒸去尽可能多的第二溶剂而以浓缩形式将萃取组分分离开来,从而获得一种经分离的烟草精。然而,由第二溶剂萃取的烟草组分可与第二溶剂或显著量的第二溶剂一起用于基质(例如烟草切割的充填料)。可供选择的是,在使用第二溶剂萃取后残留的不溶性残留物可被收集和被用作吸烟制品制造中的调香剂。
这里用到的术语“精”指具有粘稠、均质特性的浓缩烟草萃取物。
本发明方法使得熟练工人能以高效和有效的方式获得浓缩的烟草萃取物。特别是,可以方便地将高度芳香的和香味的烟草萃取物从烟草中的许多树脂、蜡和其他类脂材料中分离出来。
本发明的萃取物可以用作香烟和其他吸烟制品的调香剂。例如,可将本发明萃取物用作用于香烟制造的可吸烟填充料的润湿或表面处理组分。萃取物也可应用于烟叶、经加工的烟草茎、重组烟叶或非烟草的基质。可供选择的是,所述萃取物可应用于香烟过滤器或放在香烟中的其他位置,从而当吸烟时能提供烟草香味。
图1是代表本发明一个实施例的流程示意图。
参照图1,烟草材料10与一种含水溶剂20接触,将所得混合物搅拌或另外用一个合适的搅拌装置30搅拌。结果,用溶剂把水溶性组分从烟草中萃取出来,将混合物置于分离条件40,以提供水溶性烟草组分的溶液50和水不溶性的残留物60。然后将溶液50浓缩至一个适当的固体含量的水平,并将其置于喷雾干燥条件70下,从而获得呈低水份状态的萃取组分。例如,提供了一种呈低水份粉末形式的萃取物。
将粉末80与第二溶剂90诸如甲醇相接触,采用一个合适的搅拌装置100将所得混合物搅拌。结果,从先前提供的喷雾干燥的萃取物中萃取出某些组分。将混合物置于分离状态110,从而得到可溶性烟草组分的溶液120和不溶性残留物130。将溶液120置于蒸馏状态140,从而分离出萃取组分。具体来说,获得甲醇作为馏出物,并收集到浓缩的萃取物150。例如,提供了一种呈“精”态的浓缩萃取物150。
烟草材料可变,合适的烟草例子包括烤烟草、Burley烟草、马里兰Maryland烟草和东方烟草,以及稀有或特种烟草。烟草材料通常已被陈化,并可呈层片状和/或茎状,或者可呈经加工的状态。可使用烟草废料和加工的副产品诸如粉末、粉尘、碎屑、茎和杆,也可使用未陈化、未烤过的成熟的或不成熟的烟草。上述材料可分别处理,或作为其混合物处理。
用于萃取的烟草材料可具有各种尺寸,例如,烟草可呈条状或切割填充物料状。呈条状或切割填充料状的烟草材料是所希望的,这是因为经萃取步骤后剩余的材料可被干燥和进一步用于吸烟材料的制造。可供选择的是,可将烟草磨至细尺寸的粉末。为了提供增加的萃取效率和减少萃取的时间,小颗粒尺寸的烟草材料是所希望的。
将烟草材料与具有似水特性的第一溶剂接触,这种溶剂基本上由水构成,在某些情况下可基本上为纯的水。然而,所述溶剂可包括含有溶于或另外结合入其中的物质诸如pH缓冲剂、pH调节剂、有机或无机盐、表面活性剂、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐等。所述溶剂也可为水和可与之互溶的少量一种或多种溶剂的共溶剂混合物。该共溶剂混合物的一个
例子是由95份水和5份乙醇构成的溶剂。
与第一溶剂接触的烟草材料量可以变动,一般来说,溶剂与烟草材料的重量比为大于6∶1,时常大于8∶1,并在某些情况下大于12∶1。溶剂与烟草材料的数量比可取决于溶剂类型、进行萃取的温度、被萃取的烟草类型或形式、烟草材料和溶剂进行接触的方式和其他此类因素。烟草材料和第一溶剂接触的方式并无特殊的限定。
进行第一次萃取的条件可以变化。典型的温度在约5℃至约60℃范围内,较佳为约15℃至约30℃,最好为环境温度。可对溶剂/烟草材料混合物进行搅拌(例如搅拌、振荡或其他混合方法),从而增加萃取的速率。一般来说,组分充分的萃取进行小于约60分钟,时常小于约30分钟。
从烟草材料中可萃取出多种材料或组分,萃取的具体材料和具体材料的数量通常取决于处理的烟草类型、具体溶剂的性能和萃取条件(例如,它包括萃取温度和进行萃取的时间)。例如,基本上由纯水构成的溶剂通常主要萃取烟草材料的水溶性组分,而水和少量乙醇的共溶剂混合物可被用来萃取烟草材料的水溶性组分以及一定量的具有其他溶解特性的组分。
将溶剂和萃取组分从不溶性残留物中分离,分离的方式可以变化。然而,采用常规分离方法诸如过滤、离心等是合适的,提供一种具有很低悬浮固体水平的萃取组分和溶剂的溶液是所希望的。
将另一溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分经历溶剂去除过程,从而使萃取的烟草材料达到主要是固体特性或形态。例如,从萃取烟草组分中将溶剂去除至少一定量,以足够能提供具有浆状特性的萃取组分。术语“浆”指具有可辨别固体颗粒的材料,尽管整个材料可具有一些自由流动特性(即颇厚和表现出一些粘滞性)。一般来说,当溶剂含量减少至低于约25%(重量)时,可提供显著是固体的烟草萃取物。然而,较佳提供显著是固体的烟草萃取物,以使溶剂含量低于约20%(重量),最好低于约15%(重量)。显著是固体的烟草萃取物可具有从很干燥的、自由流动的粉末至浆状物的特性范围。当在溶剂去除过程是这样的,使得所提供的是聚结成团块的干燥固体时,希望将固体进行研磨操作等处理,从而提供精细分散的固体材料。
萃取组分最好以低溶剂形式提供,术语“低溶剂形式”指包括烟草材料的水分含量的溶剂含量小于约12%,以烟草材料的总重量为基准。例如,当第一溶剂基本上是纯水时,呈低溶剂形式的烟草材料的水分含量小于约12%(重量)。通常,希望提供溶剂含量小于10%(重量)的烟草材料;而溶剂含量为约2%(重量)至约8%(重量)范围内的烟草材料是特别优选的。呈低溶剂形式的萃取组分具有通常的固体形式,并通常能够与干燥粉末相似,特别当萃取物是喷雾干燥时。
提供呈低溶剂形式的萃取组分的合适的方法包括喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、传动带干燥、快速干燥或其他方法。特别希望的是,在将萃取物在喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥之前对液态萃取物浓缩,特别优选的是液体萃取物的喷雾干燥。对本发明来说,喷雾干燥是从溶液中去除液体和通过将供料溶液喷射入热的干燥介质而产生干燥的细粒状的在溶液内的萃取组分的一步连续过程,在授予Tughan的美国专利(专利号为3,398,754)中描述了一种代表性的喷雾干燥过程。对本发明来说,冷冻干燥是从溶液中去除液体和通过冷冻溶液和在高真空度下经升华过程将冷冻状态的溶液干燥而产生干燥状态的萃取组分的一种间接、间歇或连续的工艺。在授予Green的美国专利(专利号为3,316,919)中,描述了一种代表性的冷冻干燥过程。提供低溶剂或固体状态(例如作为一种粉末)的萃取材料的方法和条件对于那些熟练工人来说是显而易见的。具有高表面积的粒状或粉末状萃取烟草材料特别是所希望的,因为当将高表面积固体置于采用第二液态溶剂的萃取步骤时,接着的采用第二溶剂的萃取步骤通常的很有效的。
使已置于溶剂去除过程和较佳呈低溶剂形式(例如呈固体形式)的萃取组分与第二溶剂接触时。第二溶剂与第一溶剂不同,第二溶剂是一种不能萃取由第一溶剂萃取的所有组分的而能萃取其中的一部分呈低溶剂形式的萃取组分的溶剂。例如,对于具有水分含量为约5%(重量)的采用水作为第一溶剂的从第一次萃取获得的喷雾干燥烟草材料来说,由合适的第二溶剂通常能够萃取直至约60%(重量)的喷雾干燥材料。
合适的第二溶剂包括有机液体、卤炭化合物如商业上可购到的氟利昂等。特别好的是有机液体诸
如低级醇类,包括甲醇和乙醇。对某些类型烟草来说,异丙醇和低级醚类诸如二乙醚可用作第二溶剂。共溶剂混合物可用作第二溶剂,合适的共溶剂混合物包括甲醇/乙醇、甲醇/异丙醇、乙醇/异丙醇等。
与第二溶剂接触的萃取烟草材料量可以变化,一般来说,溶剂与固体状萃取烟草材料的重量比为大于3∶1,时常大于5∶1,在某些情况下大于10∶1。第二溶剂与烟草材料的数量比取决于诸如溶剂类型、第二次进行萃取的温度、所处理的烟草类型、烟草材料和溶剂进行接触的方式等因素。烟草材料和第二溶剂接触的方式并不严格限定。
第二次萃取进行的条件可以变化,一般温度在约5℃至约60℃范围内,较佳为约15℃至约30℃范围内,最佳为环境温度。溶剂/烟草混合物可经搅拌以增加萃取的速率。一般来说,充分将组分萃取的时间小于约60分钟,时常为小于30分钟。
由第二溶剂萃取的材料或组分可以变化,萃取的具体材料通常取决于具体溶剂的性能以及萃取条件。依赖于烟草类型、低溶剂形式萃取物组成、溶剂类型和萃取条件,有可能最终获得具有高尼古丁、糖和其他调香剂含量的香味的烟草精。然而,取决于溶剂类型和萃取条件,烟草精可具有高的某些调香剂的含量,但具有较低的尼古丁含量。
将第二溶剂和萃取组分从不溶性残留物中分离,分离的方式可以变化;然而,采用常规分离方法诸如过滤、离心等是合适的。提供一种具有很低悬浮固体水平的溶剂和萃取组分的溶液是所希望的,如果需要,可将残留物收集、分离和用于可吸烟材料的制造。
所述萃取组分可从第二溶剂中分离出来,这里所用的涉及把萃取组分从第二溶剂中分离出来的术语“分离”指从第二溶剂中分离出萃取组分,以得到呈浓缩状态的萃取组分。具体是,通过从第二溶剂/萃取组分的溶液中去除大部分或基本上所有的第二溶剂来分离出呈浓缩状态的萃取组分。因此,特别好的分离操作包括去除尽可能多的第二溶剂,由此获得基本上无该溶剂的浓缩萃取物。时常,希望在采用第二溶剂的萃取步骤完成后在尽可能早的时间内将第二溶剂从由此萃取的烟草组分中分离。
分离的方法可以变化,分离的条件取决于溶剂。在分离操作期间,希望最好使用尽可能低的温度以从萃取组分中去除大部分溶剂,同时将来自萃取物的烟草中挥发性物质损耗减至最小。例如,可将液态溶剂从萃取组分中蒸发(例如蒸馏)。然而,希望控制在溶剂蒸发过程中处于加热的材料的时间/温度分布图,从而使萃取的烟草组分不至于长时间地处于特别高的温度下。采用薄膜蒸发技术是将第二溶剂从所萃取的烟草组分中分离出来的一个特别合适的方法,也可采用真空蒸馏工艺。比较好的是,压力范围为约22至约28英寸Hg、温度小于约60℃的真空蒸馏工艺可有效地从萃取混合物中去除低级醇类溶剂,从而提供基本上无低级醇溶剂的浓缩萃取物。因此,获得基本上无第二溶剂的高度浓缩的烟草材料萃取物,而不产生显著量的烟草挥发物损耗,包括尼古丁、糖和其他调香剂。
本发明的方法提供了采用二步萃取法制造烟草萃取物、同时将第一溶剂和第二溶剂间的交互作用减至最小或消除的一种独特的方法。因此,可采用两种互相能溶混的溶剂(例如水和低级醇)分别进行采用两种溶剂的烟草材料的萃取。由于第一溶剂和第二溶剂彼此不相同,在第二次萃取完成后,一定量的起始萃取物作为残留物遗留下来。因此,根据萃取溶剂和萃取条件,可选择性地改变最终浓缩萃取物的组成。
浓缩萃取物可用作香烟和其他吸烟制品的调香剂,例如,所述浓缩萃取物可用作在用于香烟制造的可吸烟切割填充料制备期间的烟草润湿或表面处理组分。作为另一个例子,当根据本发明对呈条状或切割填充料状的烟草材料进行处理时,浓缩萃取物可用于从第一步萃取中余下的材料,特别是在余下的材料已被干燥至水分含量小于约15%(重量)后。干燥从萃取过程中余下的材料的方式和方法对熟练工人来说的显而易见的。例如,可将用第一溶剂萃取烟草后残余的材料(例如浆料)处理成板状形式,并可将浓缩萃取物再施加于(即如此或以稀释状态)余下的材料。所得的可吸烟材料然后可用于香烟制造。
可供选择的是,所述浓缩萃取物可在吸烟中材料中作为调香剂用于授予Shelar的4,708,151号、授予Banerjee等的4,714,082号和授予Clearman等的4,756,318号美国专利中描述的那些吸烟制品中。
提供下列例子是为了进一步描述本发明的各种
实施例,但并不应认为是对其范围的限制。除非另外注明,所有份和百分数以重量计。
例1
在一个不锈钢罐中,以每加仑水中约1磅烟草的浓度对呈切割填充料状的具有尼古丁含量为约2%的陈化烤烟进行萃取。萃取在环境温度(例如约20℃)下进行,同时将混合物机械搅拌约1小时以上。将混合物离心,以去除基本上所有的悬浮固体。在一薄膜蒸发器中将含水萃取物浓缩至浓度为约30%溶解的固体。薄膜蒸发条件是这样的,使得水从萃取物中蒸发,同时挥发物(包括尼古丁和其他调香料)损耗被减至最小。然后通过连续地将水溶液泵送入Anhydro Size No.1喷雾干燥器而将浓缩的含水萃取物喷雾干燥,在干燥器的出口收集干燥的粉末。喷雾干燥器的进口温度为约215℃,出口温度为约82℃。
所述喷雾干燥材料是一种棕色的粉末状材料,水分含量为约5%至约6%,尼古丁含量为约4.2%。
在一个烧瓶中装入10g喷雾干燥材料和约80g甲醇,将烧瓶封闭,并将其放入一个超声波槽(温度约20℃),将混合物超声波处理(即振动)约15分钟。
采用一布氏瓷漏斗和一真空抽滤瓶,将经振动的混合物通过1号定性过滤纸过滤,用约5ml至约10ml甲醇将包含喷雾干燥材料和甲醇的烧瓶和余下的喷雾干燥的滤饼洗涤。由真空抽滤瓶收集滤液,并将其转移至一个125ml圆底烧瓶。采用Brinkman Rotovap实验室旋转式蒸发器对滤液进行真空处理(真空度为约22英寸Hg,在一保持在约60℃的水槽内),从而去除基本上所有的甲醇,而分离出残留物。
残留物或“精”是种深棕色的均质粘稠性液体,呈现出烟草芳香。所述“精”的重量为约5.2g,尼古丁含量为约7.1%。
例2
将例1所述的喷雾干燥材料与乙醇接触,具体来说,就是将10g喷雾干燥材料和约80g纯乙醇装入一烧瓶中。将烧瓶封闭,并将其放入一超声波槽中(温度约20℃)。将混合物置于超声波处理约15分钟。
采用一瓷漏斗和一真空抽滤瓶,将经振动的混合物通过1号定性过滤纸过滤,将含有喷雾干燥材料及乙醇的烧瓶及已被抽净的喷雾干燥滤饼用约5ml至约10ml乙醇洗涤。由真空抽滤瓶收集滤液,将其转移至一个125ml圆底烧瓶中,并将其置于例1所述的真空处理器之中,从而去除基本上所有的乙醇并分离出残留物。
残留物是一种深棕色的均质粘稠性液体,呈现出烟草芳香。“精”的重量为约1.1g,其尼古丁含量为约14.3%。
例3
基本上以例1中描述的方式将呈切割填充料状态和尼古丁含量为约1.3%的陈化东方烟草处理至喷雾干燥形式,该喷雾干燥得到的材料是一种棕色的粉末状材料,它具有水分含量为约7%和尼古丁含量为约2.6%。
在一只烧瓶中,装入10g喷雾干燥的东方烟草材料和约80g甲醇。封闭烧瓶,将其放入超声波槽(温度为约20℃),混合物经过约15分钟超声波处理。
采用一瓷漏斗和一真空抽滤瓶,将经振动的混合物通过1号定性过滤纸过滤,将含有喷雾干燥材料及甲醇的烧瓶及已被抽净的喷雾干燥滤饼用约5ml至约10ml甲醇洗涤。由真空抽滤瓶收集滤液,并将其转移至一个125ml圆底烧瓶中,置于如例1中描述的真空处理之下,从而去除基本上所有的甲醇并分离出残留物。
残留物是一种均质的深棕色的粘稠性液体,呈现出烟草芳香。“精”的重量为约5.6g,尼古丁含量为2.6%。
例4
将例3中描述的喷雾干燥材料与无水乙醇接触,具体来说,就是将10g喷雾干燥材料和约80g乙醇装入一烧瓶中。封闭烧瓶,并将其放入一超声波槽内(温度为约20℃),对混合物进行超声波处理约15分钟。
采用一瓷漏斗和一真空抽滤瓶,将经振动的混合物通过1号定性过滤纸过滤,将含有喷雾干燥材料及乙醇的烧瓶及已被抽净的喷雾干燥滤饼用约5ml至约10ml乙醇洗涤。由真空抽滤瓶收集滤液,将其转移至一个125ml圆底烧瓶中,并置于例1中描述的真空处理之下,从而去除基本上所有的乙醇并分离出残留物。
残留物是一种均质的深棕色的粘稠性液体,呈现出烟草芳香,“精”的重量为约0.7g,其尼古丁含量为约6.1%。
例5
基本上以例1中描述的方式将呈切割填充料状态和龙古丁含量为约3.3%的陈化Burley烟草处理至喷雾干燥形式,喷雾干燥材料是一种棕色粉末状材料,水份含量为约5%,尼古丁含量为约6.6%。
将10g喷雾干燥Burley烟草材料和甲醇装入一烧瓶中,密封烧瓶,并将其放入一超声波槽中(温度为约20℃)。将混合物进行约15分钟超声波处理。
采用一瓷漏斗和一真空抽滤瓶,将经振动的混合物通过1号定性过滤纸过滤,用约5ml至约10ml甲醇将含有喷雾干燥材料和甲醇的烧瓶和已被抽净的喷雾干燥滤饼洗涤。由真空抽滤瓶收集滤液,将其转移至一个圆底烧瓶中,并置于例1中描述的真空处理之下,从而去除基本上所有的甲醇并分离出残留物。
对于各个操作过程,采用30ml、60ml、100ml和140ml甲醇分别将操作过程进行四次。
四个试样的各个残留物或“精”是深棕色的粘稠性液体,呈现出烟草芳香。四种“精”的每一个包含大于90%原先存在于喷雾干燥材料中的尼古丁。对于分别用30ml、60ml、100ml和140ml甲醇萃取的喷雾干燥材料,各个“精”的重量为2.5g、3.3g、3.5g和3.6g。
例6
将例5所述的喷雾干燥材料与纯乙醇接触,具体地说,就是将10g喷雾干燥材料和约80g乙醇装入一烧瓶中。密封烧瓶,将其放入一超声波槽中(温度为约20℃),并使其进行超声波处理约15分钟。
采用一瓷漏斗和一真空抽滤瓶,将经振动的混合物通过1号定性过滤纸过滤,用约5ml至约10ml乙醇洗涤包含喷雾干燥材料和乙醇的烧瓶和已被抽净的喷雾干燥滤饼。由真空抽滤瓶收集滤液,将其转移至一个125ml圆底烧瓶中,并置于例1中所述的真空处理之下,从而去除基本上所有的乙醇并分离出残留物。残留物是一种深棕色的粘稠液体,显示烟草芳香味,所得的“精”重1.5克,尼古丁含量约28.5%。
例7
将例5所述的喷雾干燥材料与异丙醇接触,具体来说,这是将10g喷干雾燥材料和约80g异丙醇装入烧瓶中。密封烧瓶,将其放入一超声波槽中(温度为约20℃),并将混合物置于超声波处理约15分钟。
采用一瓷漏斗和一真空抽滤瓶,将经振动的混合物通过1号定性过滤纸过滤,用约5ml至约10ml异丙醇洗涤包含喷雾干燥材料和异丙醇的烧瓶和已被抽净的喷雾干燥滤饼。由真空抽滤瓶收集滤液,将其转移至一个125ml圆底烧瓶中,并置于例1中所述的真空处理之下,以去除基本上所有的异丙醇和分离出残留物。
所述残留物是一种均质的深棕色粘稠状液体,呈现出烟草芳香。“精”的重量为约1.3g,尼古丁含量为30.8%。
Claims (8)
1、一种萃取烟草材料的方法,其特征在于所述方法包括下列步骤:
(a)用具有含水特性的第一溶剂从烟草材料中萃取所含组分,
(b)制备含呈低溶剂形式的第一溶剂为2%-25%范围的萃取烟草材料,
(c)提供与第一溶剂不同的第二溶剂,第二溶剂包括一种低级醇,
(d)用第二溶剂从由步骤(b)得到的烟草材料中萃取一部分组分,
(e)从第二溶剂中分离出由第二溶剂萃取的烟草组分。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述第一溶剂是水。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(b)中所述的分离为用喷雾干燥方法进行。
4、一种提供烟草萃取物的方法,其特征在于该方法包含下列步骤:
(a)用具有含水特性的第一溶剂从烟草材料中萃取所含组分,
(b)将第一溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分进行溶剂去除处理,从而提供含第一溶剂量为2%-25%(重量)的萃取烟草材料。
(c)提供一种与第一溶剂不同的第二溶剂,第二溶剂包括一种低级醇,
(d)用第二溶剂从由步骤(b)获得的烟草材料中萃取一部分组分,
(e)从那部分保持未被第二溶剂萃取的烟草材料中分离出第二溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分。
5、如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于它进一步包括将第二溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分的重量为在3∶1至10∶1,以从那里分离出大部分第二溶剂。
6、如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于所述第一溶剂是水。
7、一种提供烟草萃取物的方法,其特征在于该方法包括:
(a)用具有含水特性的第一溶剂从烟草材料中萃取组分,
(b)将第一溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分置于喷雾干燥处理,从而提供一种喷雾干燥烟草材料,
(c)提供一种与第一溶剂不同的第二溶剂,第二溶剂包括一种低级醇,
(d)用第二溶剂从喷雾干燥烟草材料中萃取一部分烟草组分,并然后
(e)从那部分保持未被第二溶剂萃取的喷雾干燥烟草材料中分离出第二溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分。
8、如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于它进一步包括将第二溶剂和由此萃取的烟草组分的重量比在3∶1至10∶1,以从那里分离出大部分第二溶剂。
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-
1988
- 1988-10-26 US US07/262,770 patent/US5005593A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-23 AU AU27552/88A patent/AU2755288A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1989
- 1989-01-09 CN CN89100190A patent/CN1015690B/zh not_active Expired
- 1989-01-11 DK DK011989A patent/DK11989A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-01-18 BR BR898900198A patent/BR8900198A/pt unknown
- 1989-01-24 FI FI890339A patent/FI890339A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-01-26 KR KR1019890000819A patent/KR890011555A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-01-26 EP EP89300729A patent/EP0326370A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-01-26 NO NO89890333A patent/NO890333L/no unknown
- 1989-01-26 PT PT89543A patent/PT89543A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-01-26 JP JP1015216A patent/JPH01235571A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR890011555A (ko) | 1989-08-21 |
BR8900198A (pt) | 1989-09-12 |
JPH01235571A (ja) | 1989-09-20 |
NO890333D0 (no) | 1989-01-26 |
FI890339A (fi) | 1989-07-28 |
PT89543A (pt) | 1989-10-04 |
US5005593A (en) | 1991-04-09 |
CN1034479A (zh) | 1989-08-09 |
DK11989D0 (da) | 1989-01-11 |
EP0326370A2 (en) | 1989-08-02 |
EP0326370A3 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
FI890339A0 (fi) | 1989-01-24 |
AU2755288A (en) | 1989-07-27 |
DK11989A (da) | 1989-07-28 |
NO890333L (no) | 1989-07-28 |
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