CN101535398A - 用于食品包装的阻隔膜 - Google Patents
用于食品包装的阻隔膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101535398A CN101535398A CNA2007800427683A CN200780042768A CN101535398A CN 101535398 A CN101535398 A CN 101535398A CN A2007800427683 A CNA2007800427683 A CN A2007800427683A CN 200780042768 A CN200780042768 A CN 200780042768A CN 101535398 A CN101535398 A CN 101535398A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blend
- weight
- density polyethylene
- high density
- barrier films
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
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- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 85
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexahydrophthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1CCCC2C(=O)OC(=O)C21 MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000643895 Homo sapiens Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 6 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 102100021015 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 6 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- YMBGNTXUOGXQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Na].C(=CCCCCC)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O Chemical compound [Na].[Na].C(=CCCCCC)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O YMBGNTXUOGXQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCJHLOJKAAQLQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;ethane Chemical compound CC.CC(O)=O LCJHLOJKAAQLQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- B29C48/911—Cooling
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- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/28—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of blown tubular films, e.g. by inflation
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Abstract
由两种高密度聚乙烯共混物组分的共混物和高性能有机成核剂制备阻隔膜。这两种高密度聚乙烯共混物组分具有基本不同的熔融指数。在这两种共混物组分的熔融指数具有大于10/1的比率时,在成核剂存在下观察到该薄膜的湿蒸气透过率的极大降低。所得阻隔膜适用于制备干食品,如脆饼和谷物早餐的包装。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及由至少两种高密度聚乙烯(hdpe)树脂的共混物和成核剂制成的阻隔膜。该薄膜用于制备干食品,如脆饼和谷物早餐的包装。
背景
聚乙烯可分成两大类,即“无规”(其在商业上通过在以使用极高乙烯压力为特征的聚合条件下用自由基引发来制备)和“线型”(其在商业上用过渡金属催化剂,如“齐格勒纳塔”催化剂或“铬”催化剂,或单点催化剂或“金属茂催化剂”制备)。
大部分市售“无规”聚乙烯是均聚物聚乙烯。这类聚乙烯也被称作“高压低密度聚乙烯”,因为无规聚合物结构产生较低聚合物密度。相反,大部分市售“线型”聚乙烯是乙烯与至少一种α烯烃(尤其是丁烯、己烯或辛烯)的共聚物。将共聚单体并入线型聚乙烯中降低了所得共聚物的密度。例如,线型乙烯均聚物通常具有极高密度(通常大于0.955克/立方厘米(g/cc))——但少量共聚单体的并入会产生所谓的“高密度聚乙烯”(或“hdpe”-通常具有大于0.935g/cc的密度),且更多共聚单体的并入会产生所谓的“线型低密度聚乙烯”(或“11dpe”-通常具有大约0.905g/cc至0.935g/cc的密度)。
一些塑料膜由hdpe制成。一种特定类型的hdpe膜被用于制备具有“阻隔性质”的食品包装,即该薄膜充当阻止水蒸气透过的“阻隔层”。使用这种所谓的“阻隔膜”制备谷物早餐、脆饼和其它干食品的包装(或纸板包装的内衬)。
最近已经发现,可以通过添加成核剂来改进hdpe膜的阻隔性质。
我们现在已经发现,通过使用具有彼此基本不同的熔融指数的两种hdpe树脂的共混物,可以实现阻隔性质的进一步改进。
发明公开
本发明提供了:
I)有机阻隔成核剂;和
II)高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物,其包含:
II-i)5至60重量%的至少一种具有高熔融指数I2的高密度聚乙烯共混物组分a);和
II-ii)95至40重量%的至少一种具有低熔融指数I2’的高密度聚乙烯共混物组分b),其中:
w)所述有机阻隔成核剂以占所述高密度共混物组合物重量的百万分之100至3000份的量加入;
x)所述共混物组分a)和共混物组分b)各自具有0.950至0.975g/cc的密度;
y)所述共混物组合物的熔融指数I2为0.5至10克/10分钟;和
z)通过将所述共混物组分a)的I2值除以所述共混物组分b)的I2’值而得的I2比率大于10/1。
本发明的最佳实施模式
阻隔膜和食品包装
塑料膜广泛用作食品的包装材料。使用挠性膜,包括多层膜制备袋子、包装纸、小袋和其它热成形材料。
这些塑料膜的透气(尤其是氧气)透湿性是合适的食品包装的设计过程中的重要考量。
由热塑性乙烯-乙烯醇(“EVOH”)共聚物制成的薄膜常被用作隔氧层和/或用于抗油。但是,EVOH薄膜相当透湿。
相反,聚烯烃,尤其是高密度聚乙烯防湿气渗透,但相对透氧。
线型聚乙烯膜的透湿性通常用“水蒸气透过率”(或“WVTR”)描述。在某些用途中,一定的蒸气透过是合意的——例如,为使湿气离开装有产品的包装。为此常使用线型低密度聚乙烯(11dpe),其可能被碳酸钙填充(以进一步提高蒸气透过)。
相反,对于容纳松脆食品,如谷物早餐或脆饼的包装,合意的是将WVTR限制至极低程度以防止食品变得不新鲜。为此常使用hdpe制备“阻隔膜”。在美国专利(USP)6,777,520(McLeod等人)中提供了塑料膜和WVTR性质的综述。
本发明涉及由hdpe制成的“阻隔膜”-即具有低MVTR的薄膜。从EVOH薄膜的上述描述中认识到,制备多层阻隔膜以产生抗湿抗氧的结构也是已知的。多层结构也可以含有附加的层以提高包装质量-例如,可以包含附加的层以提供抗冲击性或密封性。本领域技术人员也会认识到,可以使用“粘结层”改进“结构”层之间的粘合。在这类多层结构中,hdpe阻隔层可用作内(“芯”)层或外(“皮”)层。
由塑料树脂制造“阻隔”食品包装涉及两个基本操作。
第一操作涉及由塑料树脂制造塑料膜。多数“阻隔膜”通过“吹塑薄膜”挤出法制造,其中使塑料在挤出机中熔融,然后挤过环形模头。对来自环形模头的挤出物施以鼓出的空气,由此形成塑料泡。多重挤出机和同心模头的使用允许通过吹塑薄膜法共挤多层结构。来自该操作的产品是收集在卷轴上并运输给食品包装制造商的“阻隔膜”。
食品包装制造商通常将这些吹塑薄膜卷转化成包装食品。这通常涉及三个基本步骤:
1)形成包装;
2)填充该包装;
3)将食品密封在最终包装中。
尽管具体细节会因制造商不同而变化,但容易认识到,该薄膜需要具有物理性能的平衡以适用于食品包装。除了低MVTR外,该薄膜最好良好“密封”并具有充足的冲击强度和劲度(或薄膜“模量”)以使该薄膜易于操作。通常使用多层共挤实现这种性能平衡,其中3层和5层共挤是公知的。可以用乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)离子交联聚合物(如E.I.DuPont以商标SURLYNTM出售的那些)、极低密度聚乙烯(密度小于0.910克/立方厘米的聚乙烯共聚物)和含少量聚丁烯的共混物制备密封层。已知在共挤件的两个“皮”层中或仅在一个皮层中使用密封剂组合物。
HDPE共混物组分和总组合物
本发明的阻隔膜中所用的塑料是高密度聚乙烯(hdpe)。具体而言,该hdpe必须具有至少0.950克/立方厘米(“g/cc”)的通过ASTM D 1505测得的密度。优选的hdpe具有大于0.955g/cc的密度,最优选的hdpe是乙烯均聚物。
共混物组分
共混物组分a)
本发明中所用的聚乙烯组合物的共混物组分a)包含具有较高熔融指数的hdpe。本文所用的术语“熔融指数”是指通过ASTM D 1238(在190℃下,使用2.16千克砝码进行时)获得的值。该术语在本文中也标作“I2”(表示为在10分钟测试期间流动的聚乙烯克数,或“克/10分钟”)。本领域技术人员会认识到,熔融指数I2与分子量大致成反比。因此,本发明的共混物组分a)与共混物组分b)相比具有较高熔融指数(或换言之,较低分子量)。
共混物组分a)的I2的绝对值优选高于5克/10分钟。但是,共混物组分a)的I2的“相对值”是关键的-其必须比共混物组分b)的I2值高至少10倍[共混物组分b)的I2值在本文中被称作I2’]。因此,为了举例说明:如果共混物组分b)的I2’值为1克/10分钟,则共混物组分a)的I2值必须为至少10克/10分钟。
共混物组分a)的特征进一步在于:
i)密度 其必须具有0.950至0.975g/cc的密度;和
ii)占总聚乙烯组合物的重量%-其必须以总hdpe组合物的5至60重量%的量存在(共混物组分b)构成总聚乙烯中的余量),10至40重量%,尤其20至40重量%的量是优选的。允许使用一种以上的高密度聚乙烯形成共混物组分a)。
组分a)的分子量分布[其通过将重均分子量(Mw)除以数均分子量(Mn)而测定,其中Mw和Mn根据ASTM D 6474-99通过凝胶渗透色谱法测定]优选为2至20,尤其是2至4。尽管不希望受制于理论,但据信,组分a)的低Mw/Mn值(2至4)可以改进根据本发明的方法制成的吹塑薄膜的成核速率和总体阻隔性能。
共混物组分b)
共混物组分b)也是高密度聚乙烯,其具有0.950至0.970g/cc(优选0.955至0.965g/cc)的密度。
共混物组分b)的熔融指数也通过ASTM D 1238在190℃下使用2.16千克负荷测定。共混物组分b)的熔融指数值(在本文中称作I2’)低于共混物组分a),表明共混物组分b)具有较高分子量。I2’的绝对值优选为0.1至2克/10分钟。
组分b)的分子量分布(Mw/Mn)对于本发明的成功不关键,尽管2至4的Mw/Mn对于组分b)是优选的。
如上所述,组分b)的熔融指数除以组分a)的熔融指数的比率(根据前文,似乎应该是组分a除以组分b,或组分b除组分a)必须大于10/1。
共混物组分b)也可以含有多于一种hdpe树脂。
总HDPE组合物
通过将共混物组分a)与共混物组分b)共混在一起,形成本发明中所用的总高密度共混物组合物。这种总hdpe组合物必须具有0.5至10克/10分钟(优选0.8至8克/10分钟)的熔融指数(ASTM D 1238,在190℃下用2.16千克负荷测量)。
该共混物可以通过任何共混法制造,如:1)微粒树脂的物理共混;2)不同hdpe树脂共进料到同一挤出机中;3)熔融混合(在任何传统聚合物混合装置中);4)溶液共混;或5)使用2个或更多反应器的聚合法。
通过在挤出机中熔融共混下列两种共混物组分,制备一种优选的hdpe共混物组合物:
10至30重量%的组分a):其中组分a)是具有15-30克/10分钟的熔融指数I2和0.950至0.960g/cc的密度的常规hdpe树脂,以及
90至70重量%的组分b):其中组分b)是具有0.8-2克/10分钟的熔融指数I2和0.955至0.965g/cc的密度的常规hdpe树脂。
适用于组分a)的市售hdpe树脂的实例以商标SCLAIRTM 79F出售,其是通过乙烯与常规齐格勒纳塔催化剂的均聚制成的hdpe树脂。其具有18克/10分钟的典型熔融指数和0.963g/cc的典型密度以及大约2.7的典型分子量分布。
适用于共混物组分b)的市售hdpe树脂的实例包括(典型熔融指数和密度值显示在括号中):
SCLAIRTM 19G(熔融指数=1.2克/10分钟,密度=0.962g/cc);
MARFLEXTM 9659(可获自Chevron Phillips,熔融指数=1克/10分钟,密度=0.962g/cc);和
ALATHONTM L 5885(可获自Equistar,熔融指数=0.9克/10分钟,密度=0.958g/cc)。
通过使用在不同聚合条件下运行的两个反应器的溶液聚合法,制备高度优选的hdpe共混物组合物。这提供了hdpe共混物组分的均匀的原位共混物。该方法的一个实例描述在公开美国专利申请20060047078(Swabey等人)中,其公开内容经此引用并入本文。该总hdpe共混物组合物优选具有3至20的MWD(Mw/Mn)。
成核剂
本文所用的术语“成核剂”意在向制备成核聚烯烃组合物领域技术人员传达其常规含义,即在聚合物熔体冷却时改变聚合物的结晶行为的添加剂。
成核剂广泛用于制备分类聚丙烯和改进聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)的模塑特性。
在USP 5,981,636、6,466,551和6,559,971中提供了成核剂的综述,它们的公开内容经此引用并入本文。
有两大类成核剂,即“无机”(例如小微粒,尤其是滑石或碳酸钙)和“有机”。
市售和广泛用作聚丙烯添加剂的常规有机成核剂的实例是二亚苄基山梨醇酯(如Milliken Chemical以商标MilladTM 3988出售的产品和CibaSpecialty Chemicals以商标IrgaclearTM出售的产品)。本发明不采用上述“无机”或常规有机成核剂,因为它们不总是改进由hdpe树脂制成的薄膜的阻隔性能(如实施例中所示)。本发明中所用的成核剂在涉及聚丙烯的文献中通常被称作“高性能成核剂”。这些成核剂在本文中被称作“有机阻隔成核剂”-其(如本文中所用)意在描述改进(降低)由hdpe制成的薄膜的湿蒸气透过率(MVTR)的有机成核剂。这可以容易地如下测定:1)在常规吹塑薄膜法(如下列实施例中所述)中在不存在成核剂的情况下制备厚度1.5-2密耳的hdpe薄膜;2)在用于制备第一薄膜的相同条件下制备相同厚度的第二薄膜(百万分之1000重量份的有机成核剂充分分散在hdpe中)。如果该第二薄膜的MVTR低于第一薄膜(优选低至少5-10%),则该成核剂适用于本发明。
最近已经开发出具有极高熔点的高性能有机成核剂。这些成核剂有时被称作“不溶有机”成核剂-以大致表明它们不会在聚烯烃挤出操作过程中熔融分散在聚乙烯中。一般而言,这些不溶有机成核剂没有真熔点(即它们在熔融之前分解)或具有高于300℃的熔点,或换言之高于300℃的熔融/分解温度。
该有机成核剂优选充分分散在本发明的hdpe聚乙烯组合物中。所用成核剂的量较小-百万分之100至3000重量份(基于聚乙烯重量),因此本领域技术人员会认识到,必须小心确保成核剂充分分散。该成核剂优选以细碎形式(小于50微米,尤其小于10微米)添加到聚乙烯中以促进混合。这种类型的“物理共混物”(即成核剂和固体形式的树脂的混合物)通常优于使用成核剂“母料”(其中术语“母料”是指首先将添加剂(在这种情况下是成核剂)与少量hdpe树脂熔融混合然后将该“母料”与其余大量hdpe树脂熔融混合的实践。
可能适用于本发明的高性能有机成核剂的实例包括USP 5,981,636中公开的环状有机结构(及其盐,如双环[2.2.1]庚烯二羧酸二钠);USP 5,981,636中公开的结构的饱和形式(如USP 6,465,551中所公开;Zhao等人,转让给Milliken);如USP 6,559,971(Dotson等人,转让给Milliken)中公开的具有六氢邻苯二甲酸结构(或“HHPA”结构)的某些环状二羧酸的盐;和磷酸酯,如USP 5,342,868中公开的那些和Asahi Denka Kogyo以商品名NA-11和NA-21出售的那些。优选的成核剂是环状二羧酸及其盐,尤其是USP6,559,971中公开的HHPA结构的二价金属或准金属盐(特别是钙盐)。为清楚起见,HHPA结构通常包含在环中具有6个碳原子和在环结构的相邻原子上具有两个作为取代基的羧酸基的环结构。环中的其它四个碳原子可以如USP6,559,971中公开的那样被取代。优选实例是1,2-环己二羧酸,钙盐(CASregistry number 491589-22-1)。
其它添加剂
hdpe也可以含有其它常规添加剂,尤其是(1)主抗氧化剂(如受阻酚,包括维生素E);(2)次抗氧化剂(尤其是亚磷酸盐和亚膦酸盐);和(3)加工助剂(尤其是含氟弹性体和/或聚乙二醇结合加工助剂)。
薄膜挤出法
吹塑薄膜法
挤出-吹塑薄膜法是用于制备塑料膜的公知方法。该方法使用挤出机,其加热、熔融和传送熔融塑料并将其挤过环形模头。典型挤出温度为330至500℉,尤其是350至460℉。
从该模头中拉出聚乙烯膜并成型成管形,最后通过一对拉伸辊或压送辊。然后从心轴引入内部压缩空气,以使该管的直径增大,形成所需尺寸的“气泡”。由此在两个方向,即轴向(通过使用“吹胀”该气泡直径的强制空气)和气泡的纵向(通过用机械拉伸该气泡的绕组元件的作用)上拉伸吹塑薄膜。也在气泡外周周围引入外部空气以在该熔体离开模头时冷却该熔体。通过向气泡中引入或多或少的内部空气,改变薄膜宽度,由此提高或降低气泡尺寸。主要通过提高或降低拉伸辊或压送辊的速度来控制薄膜厚度以控制牵伸率。
然后使气泡在穿过拉伸辊或压送辊后立即坍塌成双层薄膜。然后通过切割或密封进一步加工冷却的薄膜以制造各种消费品。尽管不希望受制于理论,但制造吹塑薄膜领域的技术人员通常相信,最终薄膜的物理性质受到聚乙烯的分子结构和加工条件的影响。例如,加工条件被认为影响分子取向程度(在纵向和轴向或横向)。
对于本发明的相关关键性质(例如,落镖冲击强度、纵向和横向撕裂性质),“纵向”(“MD”)和“横向”(“TD”-垂直于MD)分子取向的平衡通常被认为最合意。
因此,公认的是,“气泡”上的这些拉伸力可以影响最终薄膜的物理性质。特别地,已知的是,“吹胀比”(即吹制气泡的直径与环形模头的直径的比率)可以显著影响最终薄膜的落镖冲击强度和撕裂强度。
上文的描述涉及单层膜的制备。多层膜可以如下制备:1)“共挤”法,其能向环形模头中引入多于一个熔融聚合物流,以产生多层膜,或2)层压法,其中将膜层层压在一起。本发明的薄膜优选使用上述吹塑薄膜法制备。
另一方法是所谓的流延薄膜法,其中使聚乙烯在挤出机中熔融,然后挤过直线缝模(linear slit die),由此“流延”平片薄膜。流延薄膜的挤出温度通常略高于吹塑薄膜法中所用的温度(通常操作温度为450至550°F)。通常,流延薄膜比吹塑薄膜更快冷却(骤冷)。
在下列实施例中提供更多细节。
实施例
实施例1
在Battenfeld Gloucester Engineering Company of Gloucester,Mass制造的吹塑薄膜生产线上进行高效有机成核剂在不同hdpe阻隔膜组合物中的效率的筛选试验。这种吹塑薄膜生产线具有大于100磅/小时的标准输出并配有50马力发动机。挤出机螺杆具有2.5密耳直径和24/1长/径(L/D)比。
将吹塑膜泡用空气冷却。在这种生产线上制成的阻隔膜的典型吹胀比(BUR)为1.5/1至4/1。这些实验使用间隙为85密耳的环形模头。
使用2/1的BUR标定点和1.5密耳的薄膜厚度标定点制备该实施例的薄膜。
本实施例中所用的“高效”成核剂是环状二羧酸的盐,即1,2环己二羧酸的钙盐(CAS Registry number 491589-22-1,在这些实施例中被称作“成核剂1”)。
根据ASTM F1249-90用Modern Controls Inc开发的MOCON磁控管在100℉(37.8℃)和100%相对湿度条件下测量水蒸气透过率(“WVTR”,表示为在指定薄膜厚度(密耳)下每天每100平方英寸薄膜透过的水蒸气的克数,或克/100平方英寸/天)。使用具有大约1.2克/10分钟的熔融指数、0.962g/cc的密度和4.9的分子量分布Mw/Mn的单一低熔融指数hdpe树脂(NOVAChemicals Inc.("NCI")of Pittsburgh,PA以商标SCLAIRTM 19G(“19G树脂”)出售的乙烯均聚物,)进行对照(对比)实验。
表1表明,由不存在成核剂的19G树脂制成的薄膜具有0.2084克/100平方英寸/天的MVTR值(薄膜1)且成核剂将MVTR改进至0.1906克/100平方英寸/天(薄膜2)。这表明,成核剂1是可用于改进阻隔膜的MVTR性能的“有机阻隔成核剂”。
通过在存在和不存在成核剂1的情况下共混85重量%的19G与15%的具有高熔融指数的树脂,制备薄膜3-6。
使用以商标SCLAIRTM 2907出售的hdpe均聚物树脂作为(对比)组分b)制备对比薄膜3和4。该树脂具有仅4.9克/10分钟的熔融指数(且相应地,这两种hdpe树脂的熔融指数比率仅为4.2/1.2,或小于4/1)。2907树脂的密度通常为0.960g/cc。如表1中所示,在不存在成核剂的情况下用该共混物制成的薄膜具有0.1851克/100平方英寸/天的MVTR(对比薄膜3)且成核剂将该值改进至0.1720克/100平方英寸/天-仅0.0131克/100平方英寸/天的改进。
使用通过熔融共混85重量%的19G树脂与15重量%的作为组分b)的由NCI以商标SCLAIRTM 79F出售的hdpe均聚物树脂而制成的hdpe组合物,制备本发明的薄膜6和对比薄膜5。这种79F树脂具有18克/10分钟的熔融指数、0.963g/cc的密度和2.7的分子量分布。该共混物的总熔融指数(I2)据估计为1.8克/10分钟。
如表1中所示,对比薄膜5(在不存在成核剂1的情况下由19G和79F hdpe树脂的85/15共混物制成)具有0.1955克/100平方英寸/天的MVTR值。
由薄膜5的hdpe组合物+1000ppm成核剂制成的本发明的薄膜6具有0.1525克/100平方英寸/天的MVTR值(其代表与薄膜5的MVTR值相比大于20%的改进)。
表1还显示了描述由实验hdpe均聚物树脂制成的阻隔膜的性质的数据。该实验树脂根据公开美国专利申请20060047078(Swabey等人)的公开内容在双反应器溶液聚合法中制备。该实验树脂(表1中的EXP)具有1.2克/10分钟的熔融指数I2、0.967g/cc的密度和8.9的分子量分布Mw/Mn。该EXP树脂具有随分子量而变的两个截然不同的部分。低分子量部分(或组分a))为总组合物的大约55重量%并具有估计大于5000克/10分钟的熔融指数I2。高分子量部分为总组合物的大约45重量%并具有估计小于0.1克/10分钟的熔融指数。
如上所述,对于聚乙烯树脂,熔融指数(I2)通常与分子量成反比。通过制作对数(I2)vs对数(重均分子量,Mw)的曲线图,对具有窄分子量分布(小于3)的均聚物hdpe树脂证实这一点。为了制作该曲线图,测量多于15种不同均聚物hdpe树脂的熔融指数(I2)和重均分子量Mw。这些均聚物hdpe树脂具有窄分子量分布(小于3)但具有不同的Mw-从大约30,000到150,000(如本领域技术人员认识到的那样,对于分子量超出此范围的聚乙烯树脂,难以获得可再现的I2值)。
对于这类均聚物hdpe树脂,使用这些I2和Mw值的对数/对数曲线图计算I2和Mw之间的下列关系:
I2=(1.774 x 10-19)x(MW-3.86)
使用外推法(基于上述关系)评估EXP树脂的组分a)和组分b)的I2值。也就是说,测量组分a)和组分b)的分子量并使用Mw值评估I2值。本领域技术人员会认识到,难以物理共混这些hdpe共混物组分(由于这些hdpe共混物组分的极不同的粘度)。相应地,溶液共混或原位共混(即通过聚合法制备)是用于制备这类hdpe组合物的优选方法。如表1中所示,由这种EXP树脂制成的(对比)薄膜7具有0.1594克/10分钟的MVTR。用通过在EXP树脂中加入1000rppm成核剂而制成的hdpe组合物制造本发明的薄膜8。
实施例2 对比
用实施例1的实验6中所用的本发明的hdpe共混物组合物(即85/15的上述19G和79F树脂)与其它成核剂制备阻隔膜。
在Macro Engineering and Technology of Mississauga,Ontario,Canada制造的较小薄膜生产线上制备薄膜。该生产线用模头间隙为100mls;BUR标定点为2:1且薄膜厚度标定点为1.5密耳的环形模头运行。
表2中的数据表明,滑石和DBS都不适用于本发明。
表1
注释:“19G”=SCLAIRTM 19G(I2=1.2克/10分钟,密度=0.962g/cc)
“2907”=SCLAIRTM 2907(I2=4.9克/10分钟,密度=0.960g/cc)
“79F”=SCLAIRTM 79F(I2=18克/10分钟,密度=0.963g/cc)
EXP=实验树脂(上述)(I2=1.2克/10分钟,密度=0.967g/cc)
表2
薄膜 | 成核剂(ppm) | WVTR(g/100in2/天) |
10 | 无 | 0.2445 |
11 | 滑石(2500(ppm)) | 0.2503 |
12 | DBS(ppm) | 0.3836 |
13 | 有机成核剂(1000ppm) | 0.1574 |
注释:有机成核剂1与实施例1的本发明的薄膜2、4、6和8中所用的相同。
所有实验中所用的hdpe组合物是实施例1的实验6的组合物(即85重量%SCLAIRTM 19G树脂和15重量%SCLAIRTM 79F树脂)。“DBS”成核剂是Ciba以商标IrgaclearTM出售的二亚苄基山梨醇酯。滑石以商标CimpactTM699出售并据报道具有1.5微米的平均粒度和5:1的纵横比。
工业适用性
由两种高密度聚乙烯共混物组分的共混物和高性能有机成核剂制备塑料膜。这两种高密度聚乙烯共混物组分具有基本不同的熔融指数。由这些共混物制成的薄膜具有极低“水蒸气透过率”(WVTR)并可以被描述为“阻隔膜”。该“阻隔”膜适用于制备干食品,如脆饼和谷物早餐的包装。
Claims (15)
1.包含至少一个挤出聚乙烯层的阻隔膜,其中所述至少一个挤出聚乙烯层包含:
I)有机阻隔成核剂;和
II)高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物,包含:
II-i)5至60重量%的至少一种具有高熔融指数I2的高密度聚乙烯共混物组分a);和
II-ii)95至40重量%的至少一种具有低熔融指数I2’的高密度聚乙烯共混物组分b),其中:
w)所述有机阻隔成核剂以占所述高密度共混物组合物重量的百万分之100至3000份的量加入;
x)所述共混物组分a)和共混物组分b)各自具有0.950至0.975g/cc的密度;
y)所述高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物的熔融指数I2为0.5至10克/10分钟;和
z)通过将所述共混物组分a)的I2值除以所述共混物组分b)的I2’值而得的I2比率大于10/1。
2.权利要求1的阻隔膜,其中所述高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物包含10至40重量%的所述组分a)和90至60重量%的所述组分b)。
3.权利要求1的阻隔膜,其中所述高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物包含20至40重量%的所述组分a)和80至60重量%的所述组分b)。
4.权利要求1的阻隔膜,其中所述共混物组分a)的特征进一步在于,具有2至4的分子量分布Mw/Mn。
5.权利要求1的阻隔膜,其中所述高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物具有0.955至0.965g/cc的密度。
6.权利要求1的阻隔膜,其中所述高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物具有0.8至8克/10分钟的熔融指数I2。
7.权利要求1的阻隔膜,其中所述成核剂具有高于300℃的熔融/分解温度。
8.权利要求6的阻隔膜,其中所述成核剂是二羧酸盐。
9.权利要求8的阻隔膜,其中所述二羧酸是具有六氢邻苯二甲酸结构的环状二羧酸。
10.权利要求9的阻隔膜,其中所述盐选自钙盐和锌盐。
11.制备用于食品包装的阻隔膜的方法,所述方法包括一种组合物的薄膜挤出,该组合物包含:
I)有机阻隔成核剂;和
II)高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物,包含:
II-i)5至60重量%的至少一种具有高熔融指数I2的高密度聚乙烯共混物组分a);和
II-ii)95至40重量%的至少一种具有低熔融指数I2’的高密度聚乙烯共混物组分b),其中:
w)所述有机阻隔成核剂以占所述高密度共混物组合物重量的百万分之100至3000份的量加入;
x)所述共混物组分a)和共混物组分b)各自具有0.950至0.975g/cc的密度;
y)所述高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物的熔融指数I2为0.5至10克/10分钟;和
z)通过将所述共混物组分a)的I2值除以所述共混物组分b)的I2’值而得的I2比率大于10/1。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述高密度聚乙烯共混物组合物包含10至40重量%的所述组分a)和90至60重量%的所述组分b)。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中所述共混物组分a)的特征进一步在于,具有2至4的分子量分布Mw/Mn。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述成核剂是二羧酸盐。
15.权利要求11的方法,其中在1.5/1至4/1的吹胀比下进行。
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CNA2007800427683A Pending CN101535398A (zh) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-11-05 | 用于食品包装的阻隔膜 |
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US (6) | US20080118749A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2081990B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5134002B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101535398A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE553153T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007321655B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0718922B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2568454C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008058371A1 (zh) |
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2007
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- 2007-11-05 WO PCT/CA2007/001981 patent/WO2008058371A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2007-11-05 AT AT07816131T patent/ATE553153T1/de active
- 2007-11-05 BR BRPI0718922-2A patent/BRPI0718922B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2007-11-05 AU AU2007321655A patent/AU2007321655B2/en active Active
- 2007-11-05 CN CNA2007800427683A patent/CN101535398A/zh active Pending
- 2007-11-05 EP EP07816131.2A patent/EP2081990B2/en active Active
- 2007-11-08 US US11/983,284 patent/US20080118749A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN111269484B (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2023-03-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种高阻隔性聚乙烯组合物以及制备方法和薄膜与应用 |
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CN110372939B (zh) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-11-02 | 赣州能之光新材料有限公司 | 一种可提高木塑复合材料耐久性的包覆面料及其制备方法 |
CN110372939A (zh) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-10-25 | 赣州能之光新材料有限公司 | 一种可提高木塑复合材料耐久性的包覆面料及其制备方法 |
CN112646258A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种高阻隔性聚乙烯组合物及其制备方法和聚乙烯薄膜与应用 |
TWI798764B (zh) * | 2020-08-03 | 2023-04-11 | 美商美力肯及公司 | 熱塑性聚合物組成物及其成型方法 |
CN116728930A (zh) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-12 | 青岛泰博聚合标签有限公司 | 一种高透明聚乙烯热收缩膜及其制备方法 |
CN116728930B (zh) * | 2023-06-21 | 2024-03-29 | 青岛泰博聚合标签有限公司 | 一种高透明聚乙烯热收缩膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0718922B1 (pt) | 2023-12-12 |
EP2081990A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
JP5134002B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
CA2568454A1 (en) | 2008-05-17 |
US9644087B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
AU2007321655A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
ATE553153T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
AU2007321655B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
US9850369B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
EP2081990A4 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
US10066093B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
BRPI0718922A2 (pt) | 2013-12-03 |
BRPI0718922A8 (pt) | 2023-05-09 |
EP2081990B1 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
WO2008058371A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
CA2568454C (en) | 2014-01-28 |
US20080118749A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
US20150203671A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
US9587093B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
EP2081990B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
JP2010510333A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
US20170002186A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
US20180066130A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
US20170130040A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
US20130225743A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
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